英国文学复习

英国文学复习资料1、All of the following are the most eminent dramatists in the Renaissance England except___d___.a. William Shakespeareb. Ben Jonsonc. Christopher Marlowed. Francis Bacon essayist2. The English Renaissance period was an age of ___a______.a. poetry and dramab. drama and novelc. novel and poetryd. romance and poetry3. Which of the following is not among Shakespeare’s four great tragedies? ba. Hamletb. Romeo and Julietc. Macbethd. King Lear4. _a_____is the first important English essayist and the founder of modern science in England.a. Francis Baconb. Edmund Spenserc. Willam Carxtond. Sidney5. What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature? ba. novelb.dramac. essayd. poetry6. William Shakespeare is one of the gaints of________da. Romanticismb. critical realismc. Aetheticismd. the Renaissance7. Paradise Lost is the masterpiese of_____c_______a. William Shakespeareb. Robert Bunsc. John Miltond. William Blake8. Which of the following plays written bu Shakespeare is histor play?ca. Juliet Caesarb. The Merry Wives of Windsorc. H enry IVd. King Lear9. “To be or not to be” has become a universal question puzzling every intellectual mind. This is a quotation from_____b_____.a. King Learb. Hamletc. Romeo and Julietd. Othello10. The first official version of Bible known as the Great Bible, was revised in ___b____a. 16th centuryb. 17th centuryc. 18th centuryd. 19th century11. Which of the following does not belong to Shakespear’s romantic love comedies?ba. Twelfth Nightb. The Tempestc. As You Like Itd. The Merchant of Venice12. Francis Bacon’s Essays first published in 1597 has been considered as an important landmark in the development of English_______, and as the first collection of essays in the English language.da. poetryb. epicsc. fictiond. prose13. In the following descriptions of the Neoclassical Period, which is wrong? da. The Neoclassical Period is prior to the Romantic Periodb. Henry Fielding is one of the representatives of the Neoclassical Periodc. The modern English novel came into being in the Neocalssical Periodd. Neoclassical Period is also known as the Age of Enlightenment14. Daniel Defoe was famous for his novel__________ which first established his reputation as a ______b___a. Gulliver’s Travelsb. The Adventure of Robinson Crusoec. The Pilgrim’s Progressd. Oliver Twist15. “Yahoos” from the novel____a__written by Jinathan Swift are described to be very much similar to human beings in outward appearance and their unworthy actions as well.a. Gulliver’s Travelsb. The Adventure of Robinson Crusoec. The Pilgrim’s Progressd. Oliver Twist16. “ Poetry is Spontaneous” was put forward by_____c___a. Robert Bunsb. William Blakec. William Wordsworthd. Charles Lamb17． Which of the following writings can be regarded as tyoically belonging to the school of Romatic literary?aa. Bon Juanb. Ulyssesc. Jane Eyred. Sons and Lovers18. The publication of _____c__marked the beginning of the Romantic Age.a. Don Juanb. The Rime of the Ancient Marinerc. The Lyrical Balladssd. Queen Mab19. Wordsworth is a _____c___a. realistb. classicistc. romanticistd. impressionist20. The authoe of Ode To the West Wind is _____a_____a. Shellyb. Byronc. Allen Poed. Emerson21. Which of the following di not belong to Romanticism?da. Keatsb. Shelleyc. Wordsworthd. Alfred Tennyson22. Frankenstein was filmed many times. Who wrote the book? Ca. Edga Allan Poeb. James Joycec. Mary Shelleyd. Brain Stoker23. In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called__a_____came to Europe and then to England.a. romanticismb. classicismc. realismd. restoration24. The famous poem “ A Red Red Rose” was written by____c_____a. Wordsworthb. Byronc. Burnsd. Keats25. Which of the following poem was not written by John Keats?aa. Ode to the West Windb. Ode to Autumnc. Ode on a Grecian Urnd. Ode to a Nightingale26. Mary Shelley’s novel Prankenstein belongs to the type of _a_______which is often set in gloomy castles where horrifying, supernatural events take place.a. Gothicb. realismc. romanticismd. classicism27. The English poets___d______, William Wordsworth, and Robert Southey, were known as “ Lake Poets” because they lived in the Lake District Northwestern Englandat the beginning of the 19th century.a. Goerge Gordon Byronb. Jhon Keatsc. Percy B.Shelleyd. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeⅠ. Choose the best answer for each question or statement.1. Britain got its name from ______, a tribe of Celts, who were the earliest settlers in the UK.A. AnglesB. NormansC. DanesD. Britons2. The first Roman general who came to Britain was ______.A. HannibalB. Julius CaesarC. Mark AntonyD. Octavianus3. In the middle of the 5th century, Britain was invaded by three ______ tribes: the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes.A. GermanicB. DanishC. FrenchD. Roman4. During the time of the Danish Invasion, ______ succeeded in drivingoff the Danish Vikings.A. King ArthurB. William WallaceC. King Alfred the GreatD. Robin Hood5. From the 11th to the 13th centuries, European Christians launched the ______ to take back Holy Land from the Muslims.A. CrusadesB. RestorationC. RenaissanceD. Rising of 13816. Henry VIII (1491-1547) was King of England who transformed his countryinto a _____ nation during the Reformation.A. ProtestantB. modernC. CatholicD. feudal7. In Greek mythology, ______ stole fire from Olympus and gave it tomankind.A. TheseusB. PrometheusC. HeraclesD. Achilles8. The author of The Iliad and The Odyssey is ______, a blind Greek poet.A. AeschylusB. SapphoC. HomerD. Sophocles9. Which of the following is NOT a playwright of Greek tragedies?A. AeschylusB. AristophanesC. SophoclesD. Euripides10. The Odyssey is a great ______ about Odysseus’ return from the TrojanWar.A. Greek epicB. Norse mythC. English balladD. French romance11. Greek drama evolved from the song and dance in the ceremonies honoring______ at Athens.A. HermesB. DionysusC. ArtemisD. Athena12. In Freudian theory, the ______ complex is the attachment of the childto the parent of the opposite sex.A. JasonB. HeraclesC. OedipusD. Prometheus13. Born on the island of Lesbos, ______ is a great Greek lyric poetessalthough only fragments of her poetry have been preserved.A. Lady GregoryB. Jane AustenC. Mrs BrowningD. Sappho14. ______ was the supreme god of the Olympians. He was the father ofthe heroes Perseus and Heracles.A. ZeusB. HeraC. ApolloD. Ares15. The following are Greek tragedies EXCEPT ______.A. MedeaB. Prometheus BoundC. Oedipus RexD. Othello16. Who is the chief god in old mythology of Northern Europe?A. TyrB. ThorC. OdinD. Freyr17. Which of the following is NOT true of the English Ballads?A. Flourished in the 15th century.B. Originally oral literature.C. Collective creation.D. Mainly on kinship.18. Dante is an Italian poet famous for his ______, which is widelyconsidered one of the greatest of world literature.A. Volpone, or the FoxB. The Divine ComedyC. Paradise LostD. Much Ado about Nothing19. All of the following four EXCEPT ______ are the most eminentdramatists in the Renaissance England.A. SpencerB. MarloweC. ShakespeareD. Jonson20. ______ is a Medieval English romance in the Arthurian tradition.It is an alliterative poem of 2530 lines written by an anonymous author.A. BeowulfB. Le Morte D’ArthurC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. History of the Kings of Britain21. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of EnglishLiterature?A. the legend of King ArthurB. the Greek and Roman MythologyC. the Holy BibleD. the old mythology of Northern Europe22. The national epic of the Anglo-Saxons is ______.A. Le Morte D’ArthurB. The Faerie QueeneC. The Canterbury TalesD. Beowulf23. In The Faerie Queene, each book concerns the story of a ______,representing a particular Christian virtue.A. knightB. kingC. godD. lady24. Chaucer served in the Hundred Years’ War between England and ______,both as a soldier and as a diplomat.A. FranceB. GermanyC. SpainD. Italy25. ______ is a collection of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer inthe 14th century.A. Piers the PlowmanB. The Geste of Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. The Shepherds’ Calendar26. The heroic couplet was used for the first time by ______.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. John DrydenD. William Shakespeare27. The Canterbury Tales was written in ________.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Modern EnglishD. Current Modern English28. In Arthurian legend, all the knights traveled to distant lands toquest ______, but only three knights found it.A. the Sword of King ArthurB. the Green KnightC. the Round TableD. the Holy Grail29. In Arthurian legend, Excalibur is the magical sword belonging to______.A. Sir LancelotB. King ArthurC. Sir BedivereD. Sir Gawain30. In Arthurian legend, the bravest knights were allowed to sit at ahuge table. They were known as the “______”.A. Knights Round the TableB. Knights of the Round TableC. Arthurian Table KnightsD. Brave Knights of the Table31. ______ refers to the medieval codes of knighthood, which was often associated with ideals of knightly virtues, honor and courtly love.A. HumanismB. FeudalismC. ChivalryD. Monarchy32. Christopher Marlowe is an English playwright who introduced ______as a form of dramatic expression.A. heroic coupletB. romanceC. blank verseD. sonnets33. In German legend, Faustus was an alchemist who sold his ______ tothe devil in exchange for ______.A. soul, knowledgeB. knowledge, powerC. books, knowledgeD. freedom, soul34. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is a play written by ______.A. Francis BaconB. Christopher MarloweC. Thomas MoreD. Ben Jonson35. The University Wits were a group of pioneer English ______ writingduring the last 15 years of the 16th century.A. poetsB. dramatistsC. criticsD. essayists36. William Shakespeare wrote 38 _____, 154 _____ and 2 ______.A. sonnets, plays, narrative poemsB. plays, sonnets, narrative poemsC. narrative poems, epics, novelsD. novels, sonnets, history plays37. Shakespeare’s four great tragedies are ______, ______, ______, and______.A. Romeo and Juliet Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Julius CaesarB. King Lear, Hamlet, Othello, MacbethC. Henry IV , Julius Caesar Hamlet, Othello, King JohnD. The Merchant of Venice, King Lear, Hamlet, Othello38. Most of Shakespeare’s plays were performed in ______, which wasbuilt in 1598 in London.A. the Savoy TheatreB. the Globe TheatreC. the Windmill TheatreD. the Abbey Theatre39. In The Merchant of Venice, who enters the court disguised as a youngclerk?A. PortiaB. NerissaC. JessicaD. Lorenzo40. Who performs Romeo and Juliet’s marriage?A. Friar JohnB. Friar LawrenceC. Father VincentioD. Mercutio41. How does Hamlet die?A. He drinks the poisonous wine.B. He commits suicide.C. He dies of his poisoned wound.D. Claudius kills him.42. Francis Bacon is famous for his ______, which covers a wide varietyof subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, beauty, etc.A. EssaysB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. Le Morte D’ArthurD. Piers the Plowman43. Thomas More is famous for his ______ — a description of an imaginaryrepublic.A. Tamburlaine the GreatB. New InstrumentC. UtopiaD. The Shepherds’ Calendar44. ______ (1478-1535) was an English lawyer, scholar, writer, MP andchancellor in the reign of Henry VIII, who was executed for refusing to recognize the break with Rome.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Thomas MoreC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare45. ______ is an English epic poem written in Spenserian stanza. It waswritten in praise of Queen Elizabeth I.A. AmorettiB. The Shepherd’s CalendarC. The Faerie QueeneD. Four Hymns46. ______ is a traditional form for English poetry, which consists oftwo lines of rhyming iambic pentameter.A. Blank verseB. Free verseC. Heroic coupletD. Lyric poem47. What is the rhyme scheme of an English (or Shakespearian) sonnet?A. abba abba cdc dcdB. abab cdcd efef ggC. abab bcbc cdcd eeD. abba bccb cdc ded48. The repetition of initial sounds of words is ______, as the followinglines from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:“If any so hardy in this house holds himself,Be so bold in his blood, brain in his head”A. blank verseB. heroic coupletC. alliterationD. end rhyme49. What does the underlined pronoun “She” refer to?“She speaks.O, speak again, bright angel! For thou artAs glorious to this night, being o'er my head,As is a winged messenger of heaven”A. OpheliaB. PortiaC. JulietD. Cordelia50. “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man, and writingan exact man” is from ______’s essay “Of Studies”.A. Alexander PopeB. John MiltonC. Francis BaconD. Charles Lamb51. The following excerpt is quoted from Shakespeare’s ______.A. Sonnet 18B. Sonnet 29C. Sonnet 30D. Sonnet 65“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”。

What is the French influence over English literature?The French influence is most marked in the drama。

Rimed couplets instead of blank verse, the unities, a more regular construction，and the presentation rather than individual - these were some of the French requirements which the English dramatists had more or less in mind。

The comedies are coarse in language and their view of the relations between men and women is immoral and dishonest。

What is the main theme of Sonnet 18？This poem asserts the power of literature to combat the ravages of time and declare the greatness of man and his immortality. Shakespeare expresses that as long as there are breaths in mankind, his poetry will also live on，and ensures the immortality of his thought。

What are the features of Dickens’s works?Dickens’s novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age。

英国文学复习一上古、中古The Making of England1.The BritonsBritons（不列颠人）, a tribe of Celts （凯尔特人）, lived in the2. The Roman Conquest●Leader: Julius Caesar (朱利斯·凯撒)3. The English Conquest （盎格鲁·撒克逊人的入侵）●Invaders: Three Germanic tribes from Northern Europe●Seven kingdoms (Heptarchy)A: Jutes: KentB: Saxons: Wessex, Essex, Sussex, Mercia (莫西亚), Northumbria(北恩布瑞安)C: Angles: East Anglia (东英吉利亚)●United Kingdom -----England / the land of AnglesA: A whole people-----English B: A single language------Anglo-Saxon / Old English●Social Condition of the Anglo-Saxons tribal society→feudalism●Anglo-Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence Northern mythology→Christianity4.The Danish Invasion●Time: Began in 787 and occupied in 1013, governing for 30 years.●King Alfred the Great (艾尔弗雷德大帝, 849-901):5. The Norman Conquest●Time: in 1066 ●Leader: William (I)●Measures: Sword and fire; high hand. Domesday`s Book （英格兰土地记录书）●Significance: The establishment of feudalism in England●Influence on the English language use :A: French: Romance. Eg. Mutton, entree, a la carte (照单点菜)B: Latin: Chronicles; religious poems.C: English: dominant speech by the end of 14th century.贝奥武甫（Beowulf ）Beowulf - The protagonist of the epic, Beowulf is a hero who fights the monster Grendel, Grendel's mother, and a fire-breathing dragon. In his youth, he personifies all of the best values of the heroic culture. In his old age, he proves a wise and effective ruler.三个写作特点：Alliteration 押头韵、M etaphor 隐喻、Understatement低调陈述Alliteration: Repetition of the initial letter (generally a consonant) or first sound of several words, marking the stressed syllables in a line of poetry or prose. A simple example is the phrase “through thick and thin.”The device is used to emphasize meaning and thus can be effectively employed in oratory.Thus made their mourning the men of Geatland ,For their hero’s passing, his hearth-companionsMetaphors:ring-giver颁赏金环的人;battle-hero战斗英雄/ shield-bearer携盾侍从;Whale’s road 鲸鱼之路;sea-wood大海之木.Chaucerdied at 60 and was buried in Westminster Abbey (Poet`s Corner).Literary worksA: French Period (1355-1372) : works translated from French: The Romance of Rose《玫瑰传奇》. B: Italian Period (1372-1385) ：works adapted from the Italian: Troilus and Criseyde（《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》）：C: English Period (1385-1400)：The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle EnglishKeynote (主基调): Realism and vigorous optimism (现实主义与朝气蓬勃的乐观主义). heroic couplet 英雄双韵体： A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter (五步抑扬格) lines. The rhyme is always masculine. Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Legend of Good Women and the Canterbury Tales. Chaucer is also widely credited with first extensive use of iambic pentameter.英雄双韵体是一种英国古典诗体，由乔叟首创。

1.Classicism(古典主义):A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music th at reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Cl assicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reas on, clarity, balance, and order.2. Critical Realism 批判现实主义: Realism is a mode of writing that gives the impression of recording or reflecting faithfully an a ctual way of life. The term refers, sometimes confusingly, both to a literary meth od based on detailedaccuracy1of description (i. e. verisimilitude) and to a more gene ral attitude that rejects idealization, escapism, and other extravagant qualities of roma nce in favor of recognizing soberly the actual problems oflife.4. Enlightenment 启蒙主义: Enlightenment is an intellectual movement in Europe in 18th century. It w as an expression of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlightener s fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other feudal survivals. I t was so called because it considered the chief means for the betterment of the societ y was the enlightenment or—educationof the people. 5. Renaissanee文艺复兴：Re naissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it ref ers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th centuries. It first started in Italy, wit h the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went t o embrace the rest of Europe. Twofeatures are striking of this movement. The one i s a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another feature of the Renaissance i s the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Hence, humanism, which reflected th e new outlook of the rising bourgeois class, is the key-note of the Renaissance. The gr eatest of the English humanists were Thomas More and William Shakespeare.6 Soliloquy( 独白)： Soliloquy, in drama, means a moment when a character is alone and speaks his or her thoughts aloud.. 7. Neoclassicism 新古典主义:th e Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Roman works. This t endency is known as Neoclassicism.8. Romanticism 浪漫主义: imagination, emoti on and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particularcharacteri stics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individu alism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imag ination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature9. . Sentimentalism 感伤主义:it came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on thepart of certain En lighteners in social reality. (The representatives of sentimentalismcontinued to strug gle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of b ourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruinto the people. ) The phil osophy of the enlighteners, through rational and materialistic in its essence, did not ex clude senses, or sentiments, as a means of perception and learning. Moreover, the cul tof nature and, a cult of a "natural man" whose feelings display themselves in a mos t human and natural manner, contrary to the artful and hypocritical aristocrats1.0. So nnet 十四行诗:Sonnet is a type of poem consisting of one single fourteen-line stanz a. It was perfected by the Italian poet in the 13th century and introduced into Englan d in the early 16th century. English sonnets in terms of structure, largely fall into tw o classes: Italian form (It consists of 14 iambic pentameterlines: the first 8 lines for m the octet, which rhymes, the remaining 6 lines) and the Shakespearian (or English f orm) form. The former divides its 14 lines of iambic pentameters into two parts: one o ctet--- abbaabba and the other sestet--cdecde; while the latter consists of three quatrai ns （abab cdcd efef） and afinal coupl（et gg）. The three quatrains develop thepoem's s ubject consistently and the couplet condenses the emotion into an epigram. Shakespea re and Milton are very good at sonnet1.1.Heroic couplet （英雄双韵体） A heroic coup let is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poet ry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentame ter lines. Traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic andnarrative p oetry, a sequence of rhyming paris of iambic pentamete1r.1. Metaphysical poetry 玄学派: Metaphysical poetry is a kind of realistic, oftenironic and witty, verse combi ning intellectual ingenuity and psychological insight written partly in reaction to the c onventions of Elizabethan love poetry by such seventeenth-century poets as John Don ne, George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, ThomasTraherne, and Andrew Marvell. One o f its hallmarks is the metaphysical conceit, a particularly arresting and ingenious typ e of metaphor. The features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms an d strange images.12. The Victorian period（维多禾U亚时期）In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging express ion of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representa tion of realist novel, novelistsin this period carried their duty forward to critic ism of the society and the defense of the mass. They were all concerned abou t the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social in stitutions, the decaying social morality, and the widespread misery, poverty andinjustice.3>Their truthful picture of people 'lisfe and bitter and strongcriticis m of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousnessto the social problems and in the actualim provement of the society.4> Charles Dick ens is the leading figure of the Victorian period. 13. University Wits（大学才子） :refer to a group of scholars during the Elizabethan Age who graduated fr om either oxford or Cambridge. They came to London with the ambition to be come professional writers. Some of them later became famous poets and playw rights.They were called ”niversity Wits ”4. Gothic novel（哥特式小说）:Gothi c novel, a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late eighteenth century, w as one phase of the Romantic movement. It is futile to struggle against one's fate. Th e mysterious element plays an enormous rolein the Gothic novel; it is so replete wit h bloodcurdling scenes and unnatural feelings that it is justly called "a novel of ho rror". Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatura1l.5. Historical novel（历史小说）：A novel in which the action takes place during a specitic hi storical well before the time of writing. And in which some attempt to make t o depict accuratlly the customs and mentality of the period. The central charac ter---real or imagined--- is usually subject to divided loyalties within a larger h istoric conflict of which readers know the outcome, the pioneers of this genre were walter scott and cooper. 16.Dramatic monologue （戏居U独白）is a typeof poe m writing style in which a character, at some specific and critical moment, addresse s an identifiable but silent audience, thereby unintentionallyrevealing his or her essen tial temperament and personality.3. ChaucerHis career can be divided into several periods：The Canterbury tales <坎特伯雷故事集>He got his stories from various sources, Greek authors, Roman authors, Italian, Frenc h, but there is no doubt about Chaucer's originality. He retells the stories in his own w ay. The stories are told by a group of people on their way to and back from Canterbur y. Pilgrims tell stories to pass the time. Thejourney is used as a kind of device to unit e the various tales。

Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur‟s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)第一章古英语和中古英语时期1、古英语时期是指英国国家和英语语言的形成时期。

最早的文学形式是诗歌，以口头形式流传，主要的诗人是吟游诗人。

到基督教传入英国之后，一些诗歌才被记录下来。

这一时期最重要的文学作品是英国的民族史诗《贝奥武夫》，用头韵体写成。

2、古英语时期（1066—1500）从1066年诺曼人征服英国，到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语。

文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇，民谣和诗歌。

在几组骑士传奇中，有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事，其中《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》代表了骑士传奇的最高成就。

中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣，最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣。

I. Multiple Choice – 2 points eachII. Matching – 1 point eachIII. Literary Terms – 4 points eachAllegory (寓言p64)is aliterary device that uses symbols, characters, and actions to represent truths about human existence. When these symbols, characters, or actions are used together, it creates an extended comparison that gives a message about the real world. Pilgrim’s Progress is an example.是一种文学手段，它使用符号、人物和行为来代表关于人类存在的真理。

当这些符号、字符或动作一起使用时，它会创建一个扩展的比较，提供关于真实世界的信息。

《天路历程》就是一个例子。

Sonnet (十四行诗 p27)A 14-line poem with a definite rhyme scheme and meter. Shakespeare wrote 154 of these kinds of poems.一首十四行诗，有明确的韵脚和韵律。

莎士比亚写了154首这样的诗。

Soliloquy (独白)An extended speech by one person that reveals their inner thoughts, feelings, or intentions. The character is usually alone, and the purpose is to reveal inner thoughts to the audience.一个人的演说，揭示他们内心的想法、感情或意图。

英国文学期末考试复习要点英国文学期末考试复习要点英国文学期末考试复习要点1. 英国最早的居民：凯尔特人Celts2. 英语语言起源于盎格鲁萨克斯ANGLO-SAXON部落融合统一之后，发展于诺曼征服Norman Conquest之后。

3. 古代文学两个分支（异教徒文学Pagan和基督文学Christian）；BEOWULF文学地位（英国的民族史诗national epic of England），人物角色(Beowulf,Grendel, Grendel's mother, Fire Dragon,Wiglef)，修辞手法（头韵法alliteration，暗喻metaphor，低调陈述understatement）4. 诺曼征服人物William the Conqueror，骑士Romance文学年代（中世纪14th-16TH）, 《高文和绿衣骑士的故事》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（亚瑟王传说最佳作品）P.21选段，反映的是英国的故事matters of Britain。

骑士的优良传统美德（忠诚loyalty）5. 威廉朗莱德William Langland作品《耕者皮尔斯》Piers the Plowman（十四世纪以梦境dream vision呈现的作品）6. 乔叟Chaucer地位（诗歌之父Father of English Poetry），主要作品TheCanteberry Tales，文学贡献（英雄双行体Heroic Couplet，净化purified LONDON 音dialect），葬于西敏寺大教堂Westminster Abbey，为此建立诗人角Poet's Corner；《坎特伯雷故事集》主要人物（32 朝圣者pilgrims），选作P45(时间April，地点Tabard Inn，人物，巴斯妇人的故事Wife of Bath)，抑扬五步格iambic pentameter （轻音unstressed syllable+重音stressed syllable）7. 实行政教分离者（亨利八世Henry VIII）Religious Reformation:The Kingbroke off with the Pope.8. 托马斯摩尔Thomas More的《乌托邦》Utopia，宣扬财产property与困境poverty分离和建立理想国度ideal state。

1,Old English Literature (A.D.600-about A.D.1100)Poetry:Beowulf 《贝尔伍夫》: the author is unknown （Secular literature世俗文学）1, Hrothgar胡鲁斯加王, King of the Danes, and Beowulf, a brave young man,2, the first great English literary work, the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds years, was written down in the 10th century, Features:1, Each half line has two main beats.2,There is no rhyme. Instead, each half line is joined to the other by alliteration头韵. 3,Things are described indirectly and in combinations of words.4, As is known, the Anglo-Saxons were Christianized by the end of the 7th century. Major themes:1.This epic presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world represented by Grendel, his mother and the fire-breathing dragon under the wise and mighty leader.2.The poem conveys a hope that the righteous will triumph over the evil. Beowulf stands for all that is good, brave and proper, while the monsters stand for evil. Prose:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史1,written under the encouragement and supervision of King Alfred the Great (849-899)阿尔弗雷德大帝2,an early history of the country which begins with Caesar’s conquest凯撒征服and is a monument不朽的作品of Old English Prose.Aelfric埃尔弗里克（mostly religious)：His prose style is the best in Old English. And he uses alliteration头韵to join his sentences together.2，Middle English Literature (from about 1100 to about 1500) Norman Conquest(1066): the English VS the Norman armies place:near Hastings黑斯廷斯Result: the leader of English, Harold, was killed, English lost decisive battle William, the Conqueror, became the King of England1. Politically, a feudalist system封建制度was established in England.（feudalism）2. Religiously, the Roman Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country.3. Great changes took place in the English language.4. The conquest opened up England to the whole European continent, so that with the introduction of the culture and literature of France, Italy and other European countries a fresh wave of Mediterranean civilization came into England.Three languages co-existed in England during this period.：French (the official language): King, Norman lordsLatin (the principal tongue of church affairs): clergymen and scholarsEnglish: common peopleGreat events in this period:The Hundred Years’ War(1337-1453)英法百年战争The Black Death(1348-1350) 黑死病Literature：strongly reflects the principles of the medieval中世纪Christian doctrines基督教教义, which are primarily concerned with the issue of personal salvation自我拯救.The romance传奇文学;Geoffrey of Monmouth蒙茅斯的杰弗里：英国历史学家History of the Kings of Britain (in Latin Prose)(不列颠诸王记)Layamon莱亚门：英国诗人Brut《布鲁特》Thomas Malory马洛礼：Mort D’Arthur(in English prose)《亚瑟王之死》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（anonymous匿名的，无名的, in English verse)《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》Major themes of 《高文。

Part One: Early and Medieval English LiteratureWhat’s epic?Epic is one of the ancient types of poetry and plays a very important role in early development of literature and civilization. An epic is a long narrative poem of great scale and grandiose style about the heroes who are usually warriors or even demigods. It deals with noble characters and heroic deeds.Basically, it is a story about hero, more significantly, it reflects national history.The significance of Beowulf:It sings of the exciting adventures of a great legendary hero whose physical strength demonstrates his high spiritual qualities, i.e. his resolution to serve his country and kind folk, his true courage, courteous conduct, and his love of honor. In the poem, Beowulf is strong, courageous, selfless, and ready to risk his life in order to rid his people evil monsters.Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利•乔叟1340-1400长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人Father of English poetry & Founder of English realism）(Boccacio 薄伽丘The Decameron十日谈) The significance of The Canterbury Tales is as follows:1.It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer‟s time.2.The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics.3.Chaucer‟s humour: Humour is a characteristic feature of the English literature.4.Chaucer‟s contribution to the English language.Heroic couplet英雄双行体Part Two: The English Renaissance (1550-1642)Renaissance is commonly applied to the movement or period in western civilization, which marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world. It first started in Florence and Venice.HumanismAccording to them it was against human nature to sacrifice the happiness of this life for an after life. They argued that man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life.In religion, the H thinking was a relation against the narrow mindedness of the Catholic Church; they demanded the information of the church.In art and literature, instead of singing praise to God, they sang in praise of man and of the pursuit of happiness in this life. H shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man‟s mind by the Roman Catholic Church and opened his eyes to “a brave new world” in front of him.Edmund Spenser (1552?-1599) The Fearie Queene仙后Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) They were predecessors to Shakespeare and were later called the University Wits（大学才子派）.Francis Bacon培根1561-1626 essayist 散文家(the chief figure in English Prose in the first half of the 17th century and his essays began the long tradition of the English essay in the history of English literature.) Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum 新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies 论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man‟s Self）Of Studies purpose:This essay is intended to tell people how to be efficient and make their way in public life.Language Appreciation:Parallel structure; succinct（简明的）expression; long complex sentences side by side with short simple ones; classical diction（发音）; good and clear logical reasoning, with examples and facts; objective impersonal, persuasive writing without “we”, “I”.William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616“He was not of an age, but for all time.”The Tempest暴风雨The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人Measure for Measure恶有恶报The Comedy of Errors错中错Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰Love‟s Labour‟s Lost空爱一场The Winter‟s Tale冬天的故事The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记All‟s Well That Ends Well如愿The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人As You Like It皆大欢喜Twelfth Night第十二夜 A Midsummer Night‟s Dream仲夏夜之梦The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯Titus Andronicus泰特斯•安庄尼克斯Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶Timon of Athens雅典的泰门The Life and Death of Julius Caesar 朱利阿斯•凯撒Hamlet哈姆雷特King Lear李尔王Othello奥塞罗Macbeth麦克白Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉Cymbeline辛白林Pericles波里克利斯Venus and Adonis维诺斯•阿都尼斯Lucrece露克利斯The Sonnets十四行诗Shakespeare’s achievements:1.Shakespeare represented the trend of history in giving voice to the desiresand aspirations of the people.2.Shakespeare‟s humanism3.Shakespeare‟s characterization4.Shakespeare‟s originality5.Shakespeare as a great poet6.Shakespeare as master of the English languageHamlet as a Character(Hamlet‟s theme is revenge interrelated with theme of faithlessness, love and ambition.)Soliloquy（自言自语，独白）is a dramatic speech delivered by on character speaking aloud while under the impression of being alone. The soliloquist thus reveals his or her inner thoughts and feelings to the audience, either direct address. It is also known as interior monologue.“To be, or not to be.” The speech conveys a sense of world weariness as well as the author‟s.SonnetA sonnet is a short song in the original meaning of the word. Later it became a poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic（长短格，抑扬格，抑扬格诗）pentameter（五步格诗）with various rhyming schemes.Conceit(高傲，骄傲自大)Conceit originally means “concept” or “idea” and later came to mean “fanciful idea”.A conceit is a metaphor or simile that is mad elaborate (far-fetched), often extravagant （奢侈的，夸张的）. The difference between a conceit and a metaphor or simile is largely to degree. A metaphor or simile appeals mainly to the reader‟s 5 senses and is easier to understand; a conceit may strike the reader as weird.Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images; the most famous preacher of his time. (In the first stage he was Donne the courtier, the lover, and the soldier. In the second stage he was Dr. John Donne, Dean of St. Paul‟s Cathedral.)John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608-1674 (He was the man of revolution enthusiasm. The military leader of the revolution, John Milton was the man of thought, and with his pen he defended the revolutionary cause.) L…Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica论出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国人民声辩; Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国人民声辩; Paradise Lost失乐园; Paradise Regained复乐园; Samson Agonistes力士参孙.The blank verse 素体无韵诗, i.e., the unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter, is used throughout the epic and is characterized by its employment of long and involved sentences, which run on many lines with a variety of pauses, and achieving sometimes an oratorical and sometimes an elaborately logical effect.John Bunyan班扬1628-1688The Pilgrim‟s Progress天路历程(Vanity Fair名利场);The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生Part Four: The Eighteenth Century and Neo-classicism (1688-1798)What is Neo-classicism新古典主义?Neo-classicism was a reaction against the intricacy and occasional obscurity, boldness and the extravagance of European literature of the late Renaissance, as seen for instance, in the works of the metaphysical. In favor of simplicity, charity restraint regularity and good sense.The characteristics of neo-classicism can be summed up as follows:1.People emphasized reason rather than emotion, form rather than content.2.As reason was stressed, most of the writings of the age were didactic（迂腐的）and satirical.As elegance, correctness, appropriateness and restraint were preferred;the poet found closed couplet the only possible verse form for serious work.4. It is almost exclusively a “town” poetry, catering to the interests of the“society” in great cities.5.It is entirely wanting in all those elements that are related with the “romantic”.Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660-1731 （标志着近代英国小说的形成）Hymn to the Pillory枷刑颂;Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记;Captain Singleton辛格顿船长;Moll Flanders大疫年日记Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745 The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;The Drapier‟s Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guilliver‟s Travels格列佛游记(A V oyage Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa,Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of the Houyhnhnms小人国/大人国/拉普他等地/智马国游记)The rise and growth of the realistic novel (Bourgeois in essence) is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. Gothic Novel 哥特式小说（早期恐怖小说）Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744 Pastorals田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博士书Samuel Johnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709-1784 A Dictionary of the Engligh Language 英语语言辞典;Lives of Poets诗人传;Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻;Rasselas拉塞勒斯名文：Letter to Lord Chesterfield给吉士菲尔伯爵的信Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707-1754 （英国现实主义小说的奠基者）剧本：The Coffeehouse Politician咖啡屋政客国;The Historical Register for the Year历史记事长篇小说：The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,and of His Friend Mr Abraham Adams约瑟•安德鲁传;The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生•魏尔德传;The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling汤姆•琼斯;Amelia阿美利亚Sentimentalism感伤主义A trend of thought begins at the second half of 18th century during the age of Enlightenment in England. It gains its name from an English author Ste rne‟s “A Sentimental Journey”. It carefully depicts persons‟ sympathy, reflecting the disdain towards the actual world and deep sympathy to the ordinary people. The authors usually like to use death, dark, loneliness, etc. as their subject. Their works are always melancholy, obscure, and full of pessimistic. The representative was Thomas Gray. Graveyard Poetry:A poet school, derived from English Sentimentalism, which began in the middle of 18th century.Thomas Gray 1716-1771 classical scholar Elegy Written In a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌：歌颂的对象不仅仅为死者The Epitaph墓志铭Pre- Romantic Poets:Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796 (A celebrated Scottish poet, the national poet of Scotland, the greatest song writer in the world. His famous song: Auld Lang Syne whose English name“old long since”.)Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集名诗：The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;The Two Dogs两只狗;Holy Willie‟s Prayer威利长老的祈祷;My Heart‟s in the Highlands我的心呀在高原;A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰;John Anderson约翰•安德生,My Jo;A Man‟s A Man for A‟That不管身在何处都须保持尊严;Robert Bruce‟s March to BannockburnWilliam Blake布莱克1757-1827 Poetical Sketches素描诗集;Songs of Innocence 天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌The French;America; Milton; Jerusalem名诗：London; The TigerPart Five: The Age of Romanticism (1798-1832)Romantic Movement: From the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 to the death of Sir Walter Scott in 1832.The essence of this new movement is:1.the glorification of instinct（本能）and emotion;2. a deep veneration（对自然的无限崇拜）of nature;3. a flaming zeal to remake the world（改变世界的一种热情）.Characteristic features of the Romantic Movement:1.Subjectivism（主观性）: Instead of regarding poetry as “a mirror to nature”, romantic poets describe poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”. The interest of the romantic poets is in the feelings, thoughts, and experiences of the poets themselves. In short, romanticism is related to subjectivism. The poetry of the Romantic Age in England is distinctive for its high degree of imagination.2.Spontaneity（自然流露）3.Singularity（独创性）4.Worship of nature（把自然看得神圣）: The romantic poets are worshippers of nature, especially the sublime（伟大的，令人赞叹的）aspect of a natural scene.5.Simplicity（简约）6.There is a dominating note of melancholy（忧郁，悲伤）in the poems of theromantic poets.emotions.It should be known that the term “romanticism” was not known to the poets themselves in their lifetime. It was a term applied to them half a century later by literary historians. Contemporary critics treated them as independent individuals or grouped them into separate schools.Poetry: The Age of (Romantic) PoetryLake Poets :( William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey were known as “Lake Poets” because they lived in the Lake District in the Northwestern England, and knew one another in the last few years of 18th century.) William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770-1850An Evening Walk黄昏漫步Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（与柯勒律治合编）;Lucy Poems露西组诗(She Dwett Among the Untrodden Ways; To the Cuckoo杜鹃颂; I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我如一朵孤独的云(The theme: Through describing a scene of joyful daffodils 黄水仙花. In the poem, he sings of the harmony between things in nature and the harmony between nature and the poet himself.);The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麦人) Ode on Intimations of Immorality不朽颂; Ode to Duty义务颂;The Excursion远足; The Prelude序曲What is poetry?Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility（安静）.(He is a man speaking to men.)What is nature?His love for nature is boundless（无限的）. To him nature means more than rivers, trees, rocks, mountains, lakes, and so on. Nature has a moral value and has its philosophical significance. Nature is for him the embodiment of the Divine Spirit（圣灵代表）. He believes that God and universe are identical, that God is everything and everything is God. To Wordsworth nature is the greatest of all teachers, and those who are uncorrupted by urban society, especially those simple rustic（有农村或农民特色的，粗野的）people, can communicate directly with nature which gives them power, peace, and happiness.Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834 Lyrical Ballads; The Fall of the Bastille巴士底狱的毁灭;The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子咏; Kubla Khan忽必烈汗;Biographia Literaria文学传记Satanic Poets :( These poets were romantic, rebellious and revolutionary.)George Gordon Byron乔治•拜伦1788-1824 Hours of Idleness闲暇时光; English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;Childe Harold‟s Pilgrimage, Cantos I and II,Canto III 1818恰罗德•哈罗德游记; Ode to the Framers of the Frame-bill编织机法案编制者颂;Oriental Tales东方叙事诗(The Bride of Abydos阿比道斯的新娘;The Corsa海盗;The Siege of Corinth柯林斯之围);Manfred曼弗雷德;The Age of Bronze青铜世纪;Don Juan唐•璜名诗：She Walks in Beauty; The Isles of Greece“I awoke one morning and found myself famous.”Feature: the heroes rebellious in character, defying conventional morality and even fate, but moody and sometimes misanthropic（令人憎恶的）. Byronic hero拜伦式英雄Percy Bysshe Shelley波西•比希•雪莱1792-1822Queen Mab麦布女王; Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯;Adonais阿东尼斯;The Cenci钦契;Song to the Men of England致英国人民; England in 1819;The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游行;Ode to the West Wind西风颂(If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?乐观)；Ode to a Skylark云雀颂; A Defence of Poetry诗辩John Keats约翰•济兹1795-1821Endymion恩底弥翁; Isabella伊莎贝拉;The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣爱尼节前夜;Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂;Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂;To Autumn秋颂;Hyperion赫披里昂（未完成）NovelJane Austin简•奥斯丁1775-1817 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见;Sense and Sensibility理智与情感;Emma爱玛;Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园;Persuasion好事多磨;Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺New poetic featuresnguage: simple everyday life speech, common vocabulary, accent dialect2.form: lyric, narrative, sonnet, ode, ballad3.subject: nature, beauty (the rural/pastoral, the past/historical, the alien/exotic, original, the supernatural/ mysterious-dreams or dreamlike, the personal, the common/low class, the revolutionary/justic主要体现于撒旦派, the patriotic)4. purpose: emotional, confessional and visionary/ prophetic5.principles: imaginationCharles Lamb查尔斯•兰姆1775-1834 Tales from Shakespeare莎士比亚故事集;Alburn Verses诗集;Essay of Elia伊利亚散文集(Dream Children梦中儿女;A Dissertation unpon Roast Pig烤猪论;Old China古瓷;New Year‟s Eve除夕;The Praise of Chimney Sweepers扫烟囱童工赞;The Superannuated Man领取养老金的人;A Bachelor‟s Complaint of the Behavior of Married People单身汉对结过婚的人的行为的抱怨)Walter Scott瓦尔特•司各特1771-1832 (founder and great master of the historical novel; his death marks the ending of Romantic Period in English literature)诗：The Minstrlsy of the Scottish Border苏格兰边区歌谣集;Marimion玛里恩;The Lady of the Lake湖上夫人小说：Waverley威弗利;Guy Mannering盖•曼纳令;Rob Roy罗布罗伊;The Heart of Midlothian米德洛西恩监狱;Ivanhoe艾凡赫;Kenilworth坎尼尔华斯;Woodstock皇家猎馆;Queentin Durward昆廷•达沃Part Six: English Critical Realism--Victorian Age (1832-1901)The Origin of Species(1859)，science came to the forefront in the debate against the church. The influence of Darwin was great, as his discovery conflicted with the Bible and was applied in social science.The golden age of novel (97%people able to read by 1900) Reasons:1.The growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new readingpublic.2.With the development of the method of printing and paper making, the price of books dropped, and besides regular books, there were serial publications3.Writing had become a profession.4.The ascendancy of the industrial capitalists.Victorian novels are characterized by the common features below:1.The plot is unfolded against a social background which is broader than what it had been in previous novels.（以现实社会为依据）2. The cause-effect（因果）sequence is much more striking than in previous novels.3. Most of the Victorian novels were first published in serial form, that is, by installment（连载）, before they were fully published in a single book.4. The Victorian novels were tainted by the spirit of Puritanism（清教主义的印记，从不允许谈及sex）of the Victorian age.5. The Victorian novels were characterized by their moral purpose（道德教育）. Critical Realism批判现实主义Critical realist novel reveal the social reality and criticize the injustice, poverty and religious hypocrisy.Charles Dickens狄更斯1812-1870 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 匹克威克外传;Oliver Twist雾都孤儿;American Notes美国札记;Martin ChuzzlewitShop老古玩店;Dombey and Son董贝父子;David Copperfield大卫•科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectation远大前程William Makepeace Thackery萨克雷1811-1863 The Book of Snobs势利者集;Vanity Fair名利场;History of Pendennis潘丹尼斯的历史;The History of Henry;The Newcomes纽可谟一家;The Virginians弗吉尼亚人Robert Browning 勃朗宁1812-1889 （写作手段：dramatic monologue）Paracelsus巴拉塞尔士;Strafford斯特拉福;Pippa Passes比芭走过;Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗;Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戏剧传奇与抒情诗(Home Thoughts;From Abroad;Prospice向前看);Dramatic Personae登场人物;Men and Women男男女女Charlote/Emily/Anne Bronte夏洛蒂/爱米丽/安妮•勃郎特1816-1855 (“The novel of the 19th century was female”, how the Bronte sisters became writers is a mystery to western scholars.) Jane Eyre简爱;Shirley雪丽/Wuthering Height呼啸山庄/Agones Grey艾格尼斯•格雷Part Seven: Prose-writers and poets of the mid and later 19th centuryThomas Carlyle卡莱尔1795-1881 Sartor Resartus衣裳哲学/旧衣新裁;The Life of Schiller席勒传;The French Revolution;Heroes and Hero-worship论英雄与英雄崇拜George Eliot爱略特1819-1880 Adam Bede亚当•贝德;The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marner织工马南;Middlemarch米德尔马契;Felix Holt,the RadicalThomas Hardy哈代1840-1928(Novel of character and environment自然主义小说)Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵下; Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D‟urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德诗集：Wessex Poems 威塞克斯诗集史诗剧：The Dynasts统治者三部曲Aestheticism唯美主义(1.Beauty is the purpose of art. 2.Art is independent of reality of life. 3.Art is above life. 4.Art is objective creation of subjective world.)Oscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900 (who believed in “art for art sake”)长篇小说：The Picture of Dorian Gray道丁的画像童话：The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子诗集：De Prafundis惨痛的呼声;The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁狱之歌剧作：Lady Windermere‟s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子;A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的妇女;An Ideal Husband理想丈夫; The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要性Drama: George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950长篇小说：An Unsocial Socialist业余社会主义者评论：Quintessence of Ibsenism 剧本：Widoer‟s Houses鳏夫的房产;Mrs Warren‟s Profession华伦夫人的职业The Devil‟s Disciple魔鬼的门徒;Man and Superman人与超人;John Bull‟s Other Island英国佬的另一个岛;Major Barbara巴巴拉少校; Pygmalion劈克美梁;Heartbreak House伤心之家;The Apple Cart苹果车;Too True to be Good真相毕露Naturalist自然主义：深刻揭示社会的不公平现象。

Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance（填空选择）9. Renaissance（名词解释）10.Thomas More——Utopia11. Sonnet（名词解释）12. Blank verse（名词解释）13. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collec tion of his sonnets)Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。