高二英语上学期虚拟语气

虚拟语气（1）——倒推时态类定义：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，有两种意思 1.表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（非真实条件状从和让步状从）2.表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议（名词性从句：主宾表同）使用情景 1.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿（与事实相反或不太可能实现）（如果我是宇航员，我要在月球上跳舞）2.用来缓和语气，使句子更委婉、礼貌、得体（如果你能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激）3.表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪（你要是能考上大学，全家都烧高香了）4.表示适度的责备或批评（如果你那时更耐心点，现在我们都成功了）5.表示美好的祝愿或祝福（祝你成功）1.虚拟条件句一般虚拟条件句混合虚拟语气（错综时间条件句）定义：条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致例子：If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果那时你听了我的建议，现在已经好了If it hadn’t been for you, I would have to make another trip there tomorrow.如果不是你的话，我明天还要再走一趟。

If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。

省略+倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，并将were,should,had提前于句首，变为倒装句。

如果虚拟条件句是否定句，not 保留在原处If he should agree to go there, we should send him there.= Should he agree to go there,we should send him there.If she were there,she would agree with us.= Were she were, she would agree with us.If he had learnt about computers,we would have hired him.= Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him.含蓄虚拟条件句定义：有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句分类：1) but for....=(If it+be not for) ；without；Without your help ,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= If it hadn’t been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.没有你的帮助，我们不可能完成任务。

高二英语语法复习虚拟语气和倒装句一. 本周教育内容：语法复习：虚拟语气和倒装句二. 知识总结与归纳：虚拟语气：是一种与事实（包括过去，现在或将来）完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望，怀疑，推测或后悔。

虚拟语气主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句。

虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：1. 动词过去式2. had done3. would/could/should/might do4. would/could/should/might have done5. were（一）虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假设，后悔或推测。

句型结构：If +主语+had been/done….，主语+should/could/might/would + have done….1. If the illness had been diagnosed a day earlier, it might have made all different.2. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped him.（二）虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were / 动词过去式，主语+should/could/might/would +do1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.3. 虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were to do, 主语+should/could/might/would +doIf +主语+should doIf +主语+动词过去式（1）If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.（2）If the little girl should take piano lessons, she would have less free time.（3）If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。

高二英语虚拟语气知识精讲一语气的定义和种类（一）语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

（二）语气的种类1、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

如：①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！2、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。

如：①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。

②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

3、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

③May you succeed!祝您成功！。

二虚拟语气的主要内容（一）、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气用于if引导的非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词有三种形式：（1）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。

如：①If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.②If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.③If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come.（2）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。

高二英语语法：虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法：一、虚拟语气用于条件句：同时也可根据意思用情态动词could，might。

“与将来事实相反”中的B式与C式之间的差别是“were to do”比“should do”所表示的实现的可能性更小。

1）表示与现在事实相反：If I were you, I should study English.If he had time, he would attend the meeting.2)表示与过去事实相反：If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.三种特殊的虚拟条件句：1)混合虚拟：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。

例如：If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。

)2)倒装虚拟：如果从句中含有were，had，should时，从句可省略if，用倒装句式“were（had，should）+主语”。

例如：Were I in school again, I would work harder.=If I were in school again,Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.=If you had been here earlier,Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.=If there should be a meeting tomorrow,3)含蓄虚拟:假设的情况不是由条件从句引出，而是通过but for（要不是），without或otherwise等形式表示的含蓄虚拟语气。

高二英语语法名师讲解：虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类l. 语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2. 语气的种类(1)陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。

What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

如：Open the door，please.请打开门。

(3)虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如：IfI were you，I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。

May you succeed! 祝您成功!二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。

在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。

如：If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

如：If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。

(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。

)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：用于各种人称。

l. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。

如：If my brother were here，everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。

高二英语Unit 1 Grammar 虚拟语气知识精讲新人教版选修6一、学习目标：1. 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的应用。

2. 掌握虚拟语气使用的语境与方法。

二、重点、难点：虚拟语气在条件句中的句型结构。

三、考情分析：在高考题中，目前全国19套各地市试题中涉与到虚拟语气知识点的占30%以上，因此这一语法项目在高考中变得越来越重要。

这一知识点经常以单项选择题的形式出现，分值为1分。

而且，我们在日常对话中也会经常用到虚拟语气。

四、知能提升〔一〕知识讲解【认知讲解】教材原句呈现①If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint?②If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.③Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist?比照分析第一个句子中的从句显然是做了一个不可能成立的假设，这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。

第二个句子中如此是与过去事实相反，是表示如果透视法没有被发现，就没有人能够画出这样具有现实主义的画来。

第三个句子中wish后面的虚拟语气，表示与将来事实相反。

【重、难点】1〕虚拟语气可以用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

虚拟语气在条件句中应用得比拟多。

2〕条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。

非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际发生的可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

I.真实条件句用于陈述语气，所假设的情况有可能发生。

结构如下所示：从句往往用一般现在时，而主句如此由“shall/will + 动词原形〞构成。