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2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--代词指代题考查解读代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。
有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
设问形式常有：(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which...” refer to?(2)The underlined part “it/that/they/which...” in Paragraph...refers to “”．解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。
第二步：熟悉代词的含义(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。
(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。
(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。
第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。
(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
例如：【真题感悟】中第26题，sharing that与前面的shared thebelief呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；the belief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选A项。
AThroughout the past few years，I have tried to give myself to others.I have bounced around to find where I truly fit in.I found my place while I stayed in Guatemala，an orphanage(孤儿院)，with the children living there.Through hearing many stories of their lives，I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that wasn’t essential：7makeup and any other sort of luxury(奢侈品)．I lived like they did.It was the most relaxing feeling in the world.When at Nuestros Pequenos Hermanos，we were given the task of creating a pig 8pen.At first，I thought it should be easy.After arriving at the area where the pig pen should be，we saw a hill.We were told to 1uproot the weeds as well as level the entire area.Looking at it，we felt it would be impossible.On my own faith journey，I have felt this type of doubt before.The “hole”，as we referred to，is a symbol of my faith journey.It appeared to be an 2obstacle I could not overcome，but in the end I completed it with efforts.I feel this pig pen wasn’t easy to create but was so rewarding to give.I’ve always struggled to be on a journey of faith，but I’ve never completely stepped foot onto the path until Guatemala.I’ve always tried to open my heart to everyone aroundme and give them my love.I feel as though I cut open my heart and share every bit of love I had with these orphans.There is one orphan named Ceto who will always remain very close to my heart.In Guatemala，I sponsor with thirty dollars a month，but it doesn’t seem enough.I’ll return there next summer a nd give more of my love for a whole month.When it was time to leave，I looked out of the window and saw not just ordinary children.Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.1．What resulted in the author’s decision to live a new life? A．Desire to help others.B．Decrease in his income.C．A knowledge of the orphans’ life.D．Awareness of the difficulty in his life.答案 C解析细节理解题。
高中英语阅读技巧理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题、写作手法题理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题、写作手法题一、解题技巧★代词指代题代词指代题要求考生根据一定的语境推测代词（如it, they, them, one, that等）所指代的内容。
解这类题时，可根据语境在代词所在句或上文中寻找代词所指代的名词、名词性短语或句子，然后将其替换至代词所在的句子中，看句意是否符合上下文逻辑、语法是否正确。
★写作手法题这类题主要考查整篇文章或某个段落的写作手法。
常见的写作手法及提示语如下：1. 举例。
常见提示语有for example, for instance等。
2. 对比。
常见提示语有like, unlike, but, however, while 等。
3. 提供数据或研究结果。
常见提示语有statistics, research, study等。
4. 按照时间顺序。
除了明确表示时间的单词和短语外，常见提示语还有later, then, afterwards等。
5. 按照空间顺序。
常见提示语有in the distance, from the top, on the left / right等。
6. 按照逻辑顺序。
常见提示语有because, therefore, as a result, besides, in addition, in a word, in short等。
二、真题分析以下内容均选编自高考真题，我们将结合上面提到的解题技巧对各题进行分析解答。
[A]I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us hadthe qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.1. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief.B. Their care for children.C. Their success.D. Their support for each other.（选自2017年全国卷II阅读理解B篇）【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。
公务员行测复习言语理解代词的用法在公考中，最常见的代词为指示代词，如“这、那、这儿、那边” 等词，这些指示代词主要涉及的题型有三类。
下面是我为大家整理的关于公务员行测复习言语理解代词的用法，盼望对您有所关心!公务员行测复习言语理解代词的用法一、指示代词在代词指代中的用法【例】总体来讲，运用该法则解答代词指代题是特别便捷的一种方法，但是各位考生需留意，在做题时大家肯定不要过于机械，认为代词就是指代的前半句话的内容，这样有可能误选干扰选项。
1941年，美国正式参与了反法西斯战斗，大批美国士兵来到英国。
美国和英国都是使用英语的国家，美军与英国军民的接触没有语言障碍。
但是随着双方接触的增加，渐渐发生了一些摩擦。
英国人指责美国人没有礼貌，少教养，喜爱表现自己，待人接物太任凭。
美国人则责怪英国人自高自大，自以为是。
这种状况使英美关系有些紧急。
在盟军即将进行诺曼底登陆，攻占欧洲大陆的状况下，这明显是一个不利因素。
“这明显是一个不利因素”的“这”指的是( )。
A. 大批美国士兵来到英国B. 美国人英国人相互指责C. 英美之间关系有些紧急D. 盟军即将攻占欧洲大陆【解析】这道题目许多同学会误选B,和D。
假如同学们仔细审题，会发觉这道题目有两个代词“这”。
第一个“这”消失在“这种状况使英美关系有些紧急”，而这里的代词“这”根据就近原则，应当是看前面那一整句话，即B项，英美相互指责，而其次个代词“这”才是题目中需要我们解答的。
它消失在文中最终一句，“这明显是一个不利因素”。
而这里不能误选D,虽然D在“这”前面，但它的内容是说在盟军即将攻占欧洲大陆“的状况下”，只是一个背景介绍，应当再往前看一句，指代的内容是C，“英美之间关系有些紧急”。
因此，本题选择C项。
二、代词在主旨概括题中的用法除了指代详细的事物或大事，指示代词还可以指代宏观的内容。
在主旨概括题和意图推断题中，但许多考生由于对行文脉络把握不到位，无法找到文段的重点句。
落堕市安心阳光实验学校语法专项(十一) 代词考点一none，no one，neither，nothing和no的用法1．none“没人，没有任何东西”，既可指人，也可指物。
none后可接of短语，常用来回答how many/much的问题。
They were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.他们都累了，但没有一个愿意停下来休息。
None of us have/has been there.我们中没有人去过那里。
—How many of you have seen the film?你们中有多少人看过这部电影？—None (of us)．一个也没有。
[考题印证](2012·课标全国改编)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but ________of them wants to，because they have work to do.解析：either和neither用于两者，句中but表示转折，所以应填neither，此处表示“但是他们(两人)没有想去的”。
答案：neither2．no one表“没有人，谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，后跟单数动词。
常可用来回答who引导的问句。
—Who can answer the question?谁能回答这个问题？—No one.没人。
3．nothing意为“没有东西”，一般回答what。
—What's in the cave?洞里有什么？—Nothing.没什么。
[考题印证]—Can I have some milk for my coffee?—I'm afraid there is ________ left.解析：none表示“没有”，既可以指人，也可以指物，但此处指的是物，强调的是数量。
高中英语阅读技巧：⑩理解文章的基本结构——代词指代题、写作手法题★代词指代题代词指代题要求考生根据一定的语境推测代词（如it, they, them, one, that 等）所指代的内容。
解这类题时，可根据语境在代词所在句或上文中寻找代词所指代的名词、名词性短语或句子，然后将其替换至代词所在的句子中，看句意是否符合上下文逻辑、语法是否正确。
★写作手法题这类题主要考查整篇文章或某个段落的写作手法。
常见的写作手法及提示语如下：1. 举例。
常见提示语有for example, for instance等。
2. 对比。
常见提示语有like, unlike, but, however, while等。
3. 提供数据或研究结果。
常见提示语有statistics, research, study等。
4. 按照时间顺序。
除了明确表示时间的单词和短语外，常见提示语还有later, then, afterwards等。
5. 按照空间顺序。
常见提示语有in the distance, from the top, on the left / right等。
6. 按照逻辑顺序。
常见提示语有because, therefore, as a result, besides, in addition, in a word, in short等。
以下内容均选编自高考真题，我们将结合上面提到的解题技巧对各题进行分析解答。
[A]I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.1. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief.B. Their care for children.C. Their success.D. Their support for each other.（选自2017年全国卷II阅读理解B篇）【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。
英语代词试题类型及其解题技巧含解析一、单项选择代词1．I prefer a flat in Inverness to ________ in Perth, as I want to live near my mum’s.A．it B．oneC．that D．which【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查代词辨析。
本句中使用one指代单数可数名词a flat，表示泛指。
it指代上文出现的同一事物，that表示特指，which引导非限制性定语从句。
句意：我更喜欢在因弗内斯的一个公寓而不是珀斯的公寓，因为我们想生活得离我妈妈家近点的地方。
故B正确。
考点：考查代词辨析2．Our monitor’s breaking the record at the sports meeting was an exciting moment, ________ all of us will always treasure.A．that B．it C．one D．what【答案】C【解析】考查替代。
句意：我们的班长在运动会上打破了记录是一个令人兴奋的时刻，一个我们将总是珍惜的时刻。
a/an +单数可数名词，用one代替，故选C。
3．Jim sold most of his things.He has hardly___left in the house.A．anything B．everythingC．nothing D．something【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查代词。
句意：吉姆卖掉了他的大部分东西。
他家里几乎什么都没剩下。
anything用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，或用于肯定句，但与含有疑问、否定意义的词连用,意为“任何事(物)，什么事(物)”，根据所提供的情景Jim sold most of his things.可判断出他房子里几乎没有什么东西了。
hardly意为“几乎不”，构成否定句；everything 意为“每件事物，万事”；nothing 意为“(什么也)没有，没有什么东西(什么事) ”；something 意为“某物，某事”。
题型综述在片段阅读中还存在着这样一种题型，要求考生理解文中出现代词所指代的具体含义，这种题目我们称之为“代词指代题”。
这种题目属于比较成熟的题型，在中央国家机关及地方省市公务员考试中时有考查，考查的载体可以是片段阅读，也可以是篇章阅读。
通常提问的方式有：上“文中这‘，指的是” 、上“文中此‘，指代的是”、文“中他‘们'是指”、请“问那‘些，指代的是” 、句“中的后者，指的是” 、文“中它‘ '指代的是”等等。
事实上这种题目的难度并不大，只要考生掌握了正确的答题方法就可以顺利作答。
代词指代题主要有指代临近原则与主语话题原则两种。
技法点晴一、指代临近原则指的是代词所指代的内容一般应该是在句法结构上和它靠近的词语。
如“王刚写文章抨击小李，说他是个欺世盗名的小人。
”这一句子中的他“”应该指代小“李” ，因为他“”是指代人，句子中提到了两个人，一个是“王刚” ，一个是“小李” ，而“小李”离代词的句法位置比“王刚”要近得多，因此“他”优选指代“小李”。
二、主语话题原则指的是句子中的代词一般来说和句子或者话题的所指相同，这一原则尤其在句群和篇章中更为适用。
如：老“太太真的以为自己的房子要被拆了，急坏了的她立即赶到交道口办事处、规划局咨询，当她得到不拆的答复后，放心了”这里的几处“她”都指整个段落的话题“老太太”。
【精讲】由于代词词性功能的限制，所指代的通常为名词或名词性结构，根据指代临近原则和主语语题原则通常其指代的对角不会很远，因此考生在作答过和中只需瞻前顾后，考虑代词出现位置的前句和后句，考虑话题的一致性，考点，代词指代题中主要考查人称代词和指示代词的指代关系。
一、人称代词如你“、我、他、她、它、你们、我们、她们、它们、”指代的必然是人或动物，通常在句中做主语，因此在进行辩别时首先将指代事物的选项排除，指代人的优选，重点观察主语的内涵。
二、指示代词如“这、那、这些、此”等可能指人也可能指物，一般指物较多，不过也需要结合具体题目进行分析，以免造成误选。
专题 13 词义猜测题之代词指代代词指代题旨在考查学生对阅读素材的理解和把握能力。
文章中的代词this，that, it，they，them等可以指上文提到的人或物。
其中it和that还可以指一件事。
有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
“3步法”解题此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one等）究竟指代什么。
具体方法：（1）返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...).（2）向上（有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子（就近原则）。
（3）将找到的词、词组或句子代人替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。
[微点拨]理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键。
考生可利用上下文，采用逻辑关系梳理法，使人物或事物的关系明朗化。
要记住代词永远出现在原词之后，根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代ADo you make money by doing small jobs? If you do, you may have heard of the idea of spending only some of it, saving some of it and donating (捐赠) some to people who need it more．The head of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, and his wife announced they were giving away 99% of their money from Facebook during their lives to help others！That alone is amazing considering most people donate about 3% to 5% of the money they have．It’s even more amazing when you realize they’re donating about D|S45 billion．That’s D|S45,000,000,000！！！！Don’t worry．They’ll still have about D|S455 million to live on!They made this decision partly because they had a baby girl, Max, and thought about what kind of world they’d like her to grow up in．It must be an amazing feeling to have that kind of money spent on people in need．Mark Zuckerberg is one of the richest persons in the world, so most of us will never know what that would be like．But we don’t have to be super wealthy to make meaningful change．Sometimes change can come from change!Tenyearold Joey Roth from America started saving up change he found anywhere —around his house, on the street, on his way to school ．．．And then he started putting it in a jar (广口瓶)．He even asked the tooth fairyto donate some change in his letter to her after he lost a tooth! (The tooth fairy is an imaginary person．) His collection, Jar for Change, has grown into a communitywide effort and he has raised over D|S10,000 all from people dropping coins into jars! The money he raises goes to help connect parents with their very sick babies．See what these people have done? You, too, can make a difference— no matter how old you are, where you live and how much you earn!1．How much would most people donate if they had 10,000 yuan?A．30－50 yuan．B．50－100 yuan．C．300－500 yuan． D．500－1,000 yuan．2．Mark Zuckerberg and his wife decided to make such a donation partly because of ________．A．Joey Roth B．their daughterC．their education D．their childhood3．What does the underlined word “that”in the third paragraph refer to?A．Making money．B．Spending money unwisely．C．Being the richest person in the world．D．Giving away D|S45 billion to help others．4．What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning Joey Roth’s story?A．Everyone can help others．B．Giving makes people happy．C．Pocket money can be helpful．D．Giving is better than receiving．BThere is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many of us associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.We should not only embrace our heritage (遗产) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.5．What’s the function of food mentioned in the article?A．To help motivate homesickness.B．To show national identity.C．To reflect a country’s history.D．To show a community’s superiority.6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．The specific traditional food.B．The national culture.C．A traditional expression of food.D．The old-fashioned taste.7．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurants?A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.C．To make the dishes popular among customers.D．To present their own food culture in a new way.8．What’s he author’s attitude toward different food cultures?A．Negative.B．Balanced.C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.CAlong with the progress of reform and opening up, the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing (繁荣的) state in economic growth. It has recorded social changes in the past decades through the medium of the film. The film market of China has been much better than that of North America, becoming the largest in the world during the first season of 2019.In the original stage of reform and opening up, old Chinese movies were rescreen ed and foreign movies dubbed (译制). Audiences' enthusiasm for movies was lighted up by both these practices. In 1979, the attendance ofChinese moviegoers reached a record high of 29.3 billion. However, televisions and other entertainment activities sprang up in the late 1980s and drew many audiences away from movies when the film market faced a danger.The employment of a socialist market economy in China in 1992 brought energy again to the film industry. With the introduction of free competition and reforms, it made an abundant recovery and experienced rapid growth. In the same period, China began to introduce overseas movies into the home market, especially those from Hollywood. Despite the argument that foreign movies occupy the space of home-made ones, Chinese movies with increasingly higher quality have gained a firm foothold in the local market with box offices setting several new records.The development of the Internet has added new energy to the Chinese film industry. In 2015, the powerful Internet companies, one called Tencent and another Alibaba, developed their own film arm and began to adapt popular online stories for movies. With big data, more accurate marketing skills can target specific audiences to satisfy their personal preferences. Yet the development of online cinemas may pose threats to the survival of offline ones. Now the film industry is exploring more advanced film screening technologies to provide audiences with an improved movie experience.9．Which threat did the Chinese film market face in the late 1980s?A．Popularity of televisions.B．Development of online cinemas.C．A slowdown in economic growth.D．Introduction of overseas movies.10．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．The space of Chinese movies.B．The Chinese film industry.C．The socialist market economy.D．The introduction of reform and opening up.11．What does the author indicate in the end?A．Online cinemas will replace traditional ones sooner.B．The film screening technology is key to films' success.C．The Internet is a two-edged sword for the film industry.D．Movies made by Tencent and Alibaba are most successful.12．What would be the best title for the text?A．The Ever-changing Film MarketB．Popular Online FilmsC．Advanced Film TechnologiesD．Flourishing Chinese Films答案A语篇解读：不是一定要有很多钱才能帮助别人，我们也可以从小处做起。
判断代词指代内容题解读判断代词指代内容题解读代词指代题要求考⽣根据语境判断代词（如it，they，them，this，that等）究竟指代什么，题⼲中经常有refer to。
从指代内容的位置上看，通常都在前⼀句中或同⼀句的前部分，但也有的在它前⾯⼏个句⼦中，很少出现在后⾯的句⼦中。
找的⽅法是由代词的单复数确定指代的名词的单复数，另外还要考虑指⼈还是指物等。
找到指代的内容后把它放在这个代词的位置上，看看这句话是否合理通顺，与前后的内容是否⼀致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。
1. 指代内容在同⼀句中[例1]（2013辽宁卷D篇?72）Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO，Carl Pearson，decided to build up its market share. He did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.△What does the underlined word“them”in Paragraph 2 refer to？A. Customers of Sparrow restaurantsB. Sparrow restaurantsC. Customers of other fast-food chainsD. other fast-food chains解析：因Sparrow restaurants的消费者对其连锁店持积极的态度，⽽其他快餐连锁的顾客却不会轻易舍弃他们原来的选择，所以Sparrow才要开发⼀种新的促销运动。
