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学必求其心得，业必贵于专精I 。
知识重点 掌握虚拟语气的概念，特别要掌握不同语境下，虚拟语气中主句与从句动词的变化形式以及掌握特殊句式中的虚拟语气。
II 。
知识呈现 虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be 动词的过去式用were ）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如： If I were a boy ， I would join the army. If the had time ， she should go with you 。
（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如： If he had taken my advice ， he would have succeeded in the competition 。
（3)表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to ） + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。
如； If it were to rain tomorrow ， the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如: If they had worked hard ， they would be very tired 。
(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词 与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be 用were) would/should/could/m ight + 动词原形 与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 would/should/could/m ight + 动词原形 注意：有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语"。
专题七情态动词和虚拟语气(2)表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句。
—Can the news be true?—It cant be true.Someone is knocking at the door.Who could it be?(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形,意为“有时会……” Anybody can make mistakes.（4）表示请求、允许（表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉, 旦答时用can）。
；；；\ \ f 8 Can I go now?—Could I come to see you tomorrow?—Yes, you can.（否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.）慈⑶表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）。
How can that be true? I can't believe my eyes and ears.How could you be so careless?(6)can的特殊用法。
can but只有；can't but不得不；can't...too再怎样也不为过/越越好I can but wait.I cant but wait.You can't be too patient to the customers.【即时训练1】用can, could, be able to的适当形式填空1 ・Though the building was on fire, they were able to go out safely.2.It cant be the postman at the door.Ifs only six o'clock・3.—How f s your new babysitter?—We could not ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.4・The police still haven't found the lost child, but they!re doing all they can5 ・You caift be too careful when driving.2.may和might的用法⑴表示允许、请求，might比may的语言更委婉一些。
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
一般常用于正式的书面语中：一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1．表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：1)If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.2)We would go with you if we had time.3)We could ask him if he were here.4)If I knew his telephone number, I would ring him up.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：2．1)If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.2)If you had come earlier, you would (might) have met him.3)I should (would) have called you if I had known your telephone number.3．表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：1)If it should rain, the crops would be saved.2)If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.※ 在实际运用中，主句中的谓语和条件从句中的谓语动词所发生的时间往往不一致，这时应作相应的调整：1)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he woul d be all right now.2)If it should be fine tomorrow, we should have bought the ticket yesterday.※ 有时条件从句可用介词短语或分词短语所替代，如：1）Without our Party, we could not live a happy life.2）The boy would have died but for the doctor.3）Given more time, I could have finished the work remarkably.※ 虚拟条件句往往可以省略if, 采取将had, should, were提到句首的倒装句式表达。
第十周虚拟语气一、if条件从句中的虚拟语气①Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.(2012·湖南高考)对不起，我太忙了。
要是有时间，我一定与你一起去郊游。
②We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.(2012·天津高考)如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。
③Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.(2012·安徽高考)格雷丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。
[规律总结]if条件句中虚拟语气的用法二、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气I actually believe that we would be in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month.(2014·北京海淀模拟)事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢。
If you hadn't left home without a word, your parents wouldn't be so worried now.(2014·杭州一检)要是你说句话离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。
[规律总结]当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
高三英语语法复习虚拟语气一、条件结果关系的虚拟语气在含有条件的虚拟语气结构中，通常主句是结果，从句是条件。
按照现在、过去和将来三个不同的时间，分别有对应的动词形式。
If he were here, everything would be all right.If it weren’t for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.If I were you, I might tell him the truth.I would /could /might certainly go if I had time.How nice it would be if you could stay a little longer!If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.She could have come if she hadn’t been so busy.If I had had the money last year, I would /might / could/ should have bought a house.If I were to ( should ) do it, I would do it in a different way.If there should be something wrong, they would let you know at once.We wouldn’t lose courage even if we should ( were to ) fail again.4. 错综时间条件句带条件从句的虚拟语气，主句和从句的时间可能不完全一致，这时主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校高考英语一轮复习讲解：虚拟语气【知识要点】虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类1.语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2.语气的种类1)陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！2)祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
3)虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、简单句中的虚拟语气1.情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
如：Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office ？请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
2.表祝愿1)常用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿，但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）如：May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。
第6讲情态动词和虚拟语气（要点透析）情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有的情态动词有过去式。
常见的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, used to等。
一、情态动词的基本用法(一) can, could的用法1．表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力。
Her mother can speak French.He could read books in English when he was only five.2．表示客观的可能性。
Anybody can make mistakes.Man can not live without air.3．表示请求建议，用could 比can语气更委婉。
(回答用原形)Could you wait a few days for the money?Could you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning?4．表示允许、许可，用could 比can更委婉客气。
Could/Can I borrow your reference books?You can smoke in the entrance hall.【疑难点击】1. 否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度。
Can it be true?You can't be serious!Oh, dear, what on earth can this mean?2. 表示“经过努力后终于能……”用be able to。
They were able to put out the fire without any help from the firefighters.【疑难点击】3. 惯用形式“can not (can't)…too/over/enough”。
高考英语一轮复习语法填空核心要点-动词的虚拟语气【预览部分】一．虚拟语气的用法1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句1)表示与现在事实相反的假设。
If I were you, I wouldn’t agree.如果我是你，我就不同意。
If I knew her address, I would/should call on her. 如果我知道她的地址，我会拜访她。
2)表示与过去事实相反的假设。
【巩固练习】1. If only I ______ how to operate a computer as you do!A. had knownB. would knowC. should knowD.knew2. It is surprising that he _____ at the meeting.A. wasB. beC. isD. were3. ---Did you give Mike his score report?---No, I _____ it to him yesterday, but I didn’t have any time.A. was to have givenB. was to giveC. might giveD. should give1.D.if only 引导的感叹句的谓语动词的形式和wish后宾语从句中谓语动词的形式一样。
故选D 。
2. B. 句型It is surprising that 后的主语从句谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，其结构式为“should +动词原形”，其中should 可以省略。
故选B 。
3.A. 根据语境判断，该回答语是表示与过去相反的假设，所以要求用虚拟语气was to have given ，表示“昨天本来应该给他成绩报告单的”。
故选A 。
（预览部分结束）【下面是正文部分】高考英语一轮复习语法填空核心要点-语气一．虚拟语气的用法1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句1）表示与现在事实相反的假设。
英语高考〔江苏专用〕第一轮复习语法专题：虚拟语气一、if条件从句中的虚拟语气①Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.〔2012·湖南高考〕对不起，我太忙了.要是有时间，我一定与你一起去郊游.②We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.〔2012·天津高考〕如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的.③Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.〔2012·安徽高考〕格雷丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了.[规律总结]if条件句中虚拟语气的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形表示过去情况had＋过去分词should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词表示将来情况should＋动词原形should/would/could/might＋动词原形动词过去式were to＋动词原形二、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气I actually believe that we would be in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving lastmonth.〔2014·北京海淀模拟〕事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢.If you hadn't left home without a word, your parents wouldn't be so worried now.〔2014·杭州一检〕要是你说句话离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了.[规律总结]当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整.三、省略if的倒装句①If I were at school again, I would study harder.→Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习.②Had they known〔2012·浙江高考〕要是他们知道下一步发生什么，他们会三思的.③If it sho uld rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了.[规律总结]在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式.四、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气①I'm really very busy, otherwise I would go shopping wit h you.〔2014·湖南长郡中学等十二校二次联考〕我真的很忙，否则我就和你一起去购物了.②I sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.〔2011·天津高考〕我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我.[规律总结]有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, butfor等来引导或者通过上下文引出.五、〔should＋〕 do ...结构的虚拟语气①not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.〔2010·福建高考〕老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学.②It is suggested that the meeting 〔should〕 be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周.③My idea is that we 〔should〕 think it over before accepting it.我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑.④We all agreed to his suggestion that we 〔should〕 go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议.[规律总结]1．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：d等.宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略.2．用于主语从句中在It is desired/suggested/proposednecessary/important/strange/natural/apity/essential＋that从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略.3．用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略.六、wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气①I w ish 〔that〕 I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔.②I wish that I hadn't agreed to go to Jim's party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.〔2014·北京东城一模〕我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作.③How I wish I could fly to the moon one day.我多么希望我有一天能飞向月球.[规律总结]wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气1．对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式〔be用were〕2．对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词3．对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋would/could/might＋动词原形七、其他句型中的虚拟语气①George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rath er he focused more on its culture.〔2010·江苏高考〕乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化〔方面的情况〕.②It's high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.〔2014·浙江六校联考〕是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了.③He stood up and offered her his se at, as if he had read her mind.他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思.④Look at the trouble we're in. If only we had taken our teacher's advice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！[规律总结]1．wouldrather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”.用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反.2．在“It is〔about/high〕time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气.3．as if, asthough引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时.4．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望.考点一 if条件句中的虚拟语气1．〔2013·北京高考〕If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.A．have booked B．bookedC．book D．had booked解析：选D句意：如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌，〔现在〕就不必在这儿站着排队等候了.本句是混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去情况的假设，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时.2．〔2013·天津高考〕If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.A．will be B．would beC．has been D．would have been解析：选B句意：如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话，他现在就能说得更好.此题考查混合条件句中的虚拟语气，根据语境和时间状语可知，从句是对过去情况的虚拟，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故选B.3．〔2013·江苏高考〕I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious.A．thought B．would thinkC．had thought D．have thought解析：选C 根据题干中的“should not havelaughed”可知，此处是对过去的事情的虚拟，因此if从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时.考点二含蓄条件句的虚拟语气4．〔2013·安徽高考〕I ________ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.A．went B．had goneC．would go D．would have gone解析：选D 句意：昨晚我本应该去参加我堂妹的生日聚会的，但是我没有空.but I was not available表示的是过去的真实情况，为含蓄条件句，相当于if I had been available〔如果我有空的话〕.此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气，主句应使用“would/might/could/should＋have done”结构.5．〔2011·陕西高考〕I ______through that bitter period without your generous help.A．couldn't have gone B．didn't goC．wouldn't go D．hadn't gone解析：选A 句意：假如当时没有您慷慨相助，我就不会度过那段艰难的时期.英语中， without, with, or, otherwise 等可构成含蓄虚拟语气，相当于条件状语从句“If it hadn't been your generoushelp”，表示与过去事实相反，此时句中的谓语动词应用should/could/would ＋have＋过去分词.考点三名词性从句中的虚拟语气6．〔2013·陕西高考〕My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change this weekend.A．should B．mightC．could D．would解析：选A句意：我的母亲建议我们这个周末出去吃饭，换换口味.suggest表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略.故答案为A.考点四其他句型中的虚拟语气7．〔2012·北京高考〕Don't handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel.A．is B．wereC．has been D．had been解析：选B 句意：不要把花瓶像它似乎是钢制的一样来拿.asif表示“似乎，好像”，引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟，所以用一般过去时were.8．〔2012·辽宁高考〕Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he ________ something instead of just talking.A．will do B．has doneC．do D．did解析：选D 在句型 “It's high time that ...”中，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should do，所以选D.Ⅰ.单项填空1．〔2014·南师附中检测〕I'm fed up with this wet weather. It's high time we ________ a picnic for some sunshine.A．have B．will haveC．had had D．had解析：选D 在It's high timethat ...结构中，从句中为虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式或“should＋动词原形”，其中should不可省略，故选D.2．〔2014·石家庄一检〕—I have to go home to finish my work.—That's too bad. I wish you ________go with me to see a film tonight.A．will B．canC．could D．should解析：选C wish 表示不太可能实现的愿望，wish＋从句，从句中用虚拟语气.且此处表示对将来的虚拟，故选C.3．〔2014·南充一检〕________him not to do so, he wouldn't have made such a serious mistake.A．if I persuaded B．Did I persuadeC．Had I persuaded D．If I should persuade解析：选C 根据“wouldn't have made”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，因此从句用if引导且用过去完成时；省略if并将had提前就构成了省略if的虚拟条件句，且构成了倒装结构.4．I can't thank my parents ________much because without their help I________have achieved my dream.A．very; couldn't B．so; shouldn'tC．too; wouldn't D．that; needn't解析：选C句意：我怎么感谢我的父母都不过分，因为没有他们的帮助，我不会实现我的梦想.第一空，“can't ...too ...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分，越……越好”；第二空，由“without theirhelp”可以判断出这里表示对过去情况的虚拟，用“wouldn't/couldn't/ mightn't＋have done”.故C项正确.5．〔2014·无锡第一中学月考〕It's everybody's desire that every effort ________to reduce the pollution in our city.A．was made B．be madeC．will be made D．would be made解析：选B desire后的宾语从句及所在句式中的名词性从句中，均应使用虚拟语气，虚拟形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should 可省略，故选B项.6．〔2014·绵阳一诊〕If he had listened to his doctor's advice, he ________out of hospital now.A．would have been B．would beC．is D．will be解析：选B句意：假如他听了医生的建议，他现在就出院了.条件句表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，故谓语动词用“would/should/could/might ＋动词原形”.故选B.7．〔2014·厦门毕业班考试〕When my father is upset, he would rather________.A．leave alone B．we left him aloneC．left alone D．we leave him alone解析：选B 句意：当我的父亲烦恼的时候，他更喜欢我们不打扰他.would rather后接宾语从句时，从句谓语常用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟.故B项正确.8．〔2014·南京一模〕We were stuck at the airport because of the heavy fog, otherwise we ________here in time for the conference.A．arrived B．had arrivedC．would arrive D．would have arrived解析：选D句意：我们因为大雾被困在机场，否则就能及时赶上这儿的会议了.otherwise“否则”，后接与过去事实相反的含蓄虚拟语气，故用would/could/might have done结构，即D项正确.9．〔2014·江苏泗阳中学模拟〕________it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match .A．Were B．WouldC．Will D．Should解析：选D 根据句意可知，条件句是对将来状况的虚拟，所以要用should或were to do结构.同时，当条件句中有助动词had,were ，should时，可以将if省略，把这些助动词放在句首，构成倒装结构.故选D.10．〔2014·合肥一中月考〕Antarctica is so mystically described by some people. If only I ________there!A．had been B．have beenC．have gone D．had gone解析：选A 句意：一些人把南极描述得很神奇.如果我去过那里就好了！if only后面的句子应使用虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟应使用过去完成时，故选A项.Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1．〔2014·大连一模〕I wish that I hadn't_told 〔not tell〕 him the truth, for everyone in my class knows it.2．〔2014·南昌模拟〕—How dangerous it was!—Yes, but for the passer-by's quick action, the girlcould/would/should/might_have_been_drowned.〔drown〕3．〔2014·泰兴中学模考〕He insisted that I 〔should〕_4．〔2014·南昌模拟〕As many as 150 miners died in the accident. If only the mine owners had_paid 〔pay〕 enough attention to the safety measures!5．〔2014·临沂一模〕I would rather he had_given 〔give〕 a hand to lift the heavy box upstairs. However, to my disappointment, he didn't.。
