英语状语从句讲解及练习题(附答案)

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. （一）状语从句概述

定义 状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。

位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。

分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。

作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。

（二）状语从句详解

1. 时间状语从句

引导词 用法 示例

when 意为“当…的时候”。When引导从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时” A liar is not believed when he

speaks the truth.说谎者讲真话时也没有人相信。

When he arrives, I’ll call you.

When you laugh and smile,

your body relaxes.

while 意为“在…的时候，在…的同时”。While引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，发生时间较长，并强While I was standing at the

window, I saw several boys

running along the street.

While John was watching TV,

his wife was cooking. .

. 调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。While有时还可以表示对比。

as 意为“一边…一边…”。As引导的动作是延续性的，发生时间较短，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调一前一后。 The writer was angry as he was

travelling on a train to London

because someone had invaded

his “space”.

He smiled as he stood up.

after 意为“在…之后”。表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句与从句的动作时间关系与before引导的从句相反。 With many hungry visitors

waiting, don’t stay too long at

your table after you have

finished.

If an early exit is necessary,

you can leave after a scene is

over.

before 意为“在…之前”。引导的从句不用否定形式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则You can’t watch TV before you

finish your homework.

Before it ended, the theatre was

almost empty.

My father had left for Canada

just before the letter arrived. .

. 主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作的先后。

till 意为“直到”。一般情况下可以和until互换。如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定和否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。 She didn’t even know that it

was an earthquake till she saw a

shaking ( moving from side to

side) light.

The fireman worked very hard

till the fire was out.

until 意为“直到”。在强调句型中多用until。如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定和否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。 I’m waiting for my sister. I

won’t go to see my uncle until

she comes.

Wait until I finish what I am

doing.

since 意为“自从，从…以来”。引导从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，也可以I have been studying hard since

I entered the high school.

It is four years since my sister

lived in Beijing. .

. 是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。 It is five years months since our

boss was not in Beijing.

as soon as 意为“一…就…”。引导时间状语从句时，如果主句用了将来时，从句一般使用现在时。 Tom will call me as soon as he

gets home.

I will call you as soon as I

arrive.

2.地点状语从句

引导词 用法 示例

where 意为“哪里”。“where引导的地点状语从句，（there+）主句”“哪里…哪里就…”。主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；主句在从句的前面Where there is a will, there is

a way.

They were good persons.

Where they went, there they

were warmly welcomed.

You should have put the

book where you found it. .

. 时，一般都不用there.

wherever 意为“无论何地”。anywhere/wherever引导地点状语从句+主句。anywhere本身是个副词，但是常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相当于wherever,

anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。

Wherever the sea is, you will

find seaman.

I’ll go anywhere you go.

3.条件状语从句

引导词 用法 示例

if 连词，意为“假如，如果”。Don’t talk loudly at the

meeting. If you do, you will .

. 当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 have to leave.

We’ll go for a picnic if it

doesn’t rain this weekend.

unless 连词，意为“除非（=if

not）。当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 Don’t discuss the problems

with your partner unless you

are asked to do so.

I won’t go there unless you

come with me.

4.原因状语从句

引导词 用法 示例

as 意为“因为”。引导原因状语从句时表示附带。说明“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活（常放于主句之前）。 As the weather is cold, I stay at

home.

As it is raining, you’d better

take a taxi.

As you are tired, you’d better

rest.

since 意为“因为”。引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由（通常被翻译成“既然”），较为正式，语气比because弱。 Since the earth looks like a

ball, the sun can shine on only

half of it at a time.

Since the race is in April, I had

to run throughout the winter,

and in Boston, winters are cold.

Since everybody is here. Let's

begin our meeting.

because 意为“因为”。引导的原因The woman prefers winter

because she can skate. .

. 状语从句一般放于主句之后，表述直接原因，语气较强，最适合why引导的疑问句。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可以与because of短语互换。 I’d like to collect stamps

because they are interesting.

I’m very tired these days

because of studying physics.

He can’t come because he is ill.

= He can’t come because of his

illness.

for 意为“因为”。引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后，并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。 He must be ill, for he is absent

today.

He could not have seen me, for

I was not there.

5.目的状语从句

引导词 用法 示例

so that 意为“以至，以便”。目的状语的谓语常含有may,

might, can, could, should,

would等情态动词。 Try to speak loud enough so that

people can hear you clearly.

Mr. Green speaks very loudly so

that all the people can hear him

clearly.

in order

that 意为“为了”，相当于so We shall let you know the

details soon in order that you