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Thank you very much for your email on 9 Mar 2009 with which you sent us the reviewer’s report on our paper with the reference number L09-01810. We also wish to take this opportunity to thank the reviewer for his constructive comments and valuable recommendations. We have carefully revised the manuscript according to reviewer’s suggestion.Our responses to several comments are listed below:Comment 1: Authors discussed their results in the frame of the surface phase separation (PS) scenario. Unfortunately, I am not sure that authors presented enough data to prove this scenario. Authors explain the presence of exchange bias (EB) effect as result of the coexistence of AFM and FM phases. Indeed, the most of observation of the EB effect were studied on AFM/FM interface.. But recent studies have shown that in addition to FM/AFM systems, the EB effect was also observed in samples involving a ferrimagnet (FI) or a spin-glass phase (FI/AFM, FM/FI, FI/SG, AFM/SG), see recent review of Nogues et al. Physics Reports 422 (2005) 65 (2005) (page 77). The surface phase may behave as SG phase, see again review of Nogues.Reply: Indeed, the phase separation (PS) scenario in original manuscript is ill-considered. We have noted that a clear bifurcation of ZFC and FC magnetization curves in Fig. 3, which is an indication of a glassy behavior at low temperature (Ref. 1). In addition, the observed hysteresis curve at 3 K did not show the saturation in fields up to 5 KOe like other conventional SG systems, and they reveal weak ferromagnetism may be due to spin freezing, where the SG-like surface layers may act as the weak “FM” on AFM nanoribbons. The SG-like order probably arises as a result of the higher surface-to-volume ratio afforded by the nanoribbon geometry, i.e., surface effects, which can result in uncompensated spin and a suppression of the long-range AFM order observed in the bulk. These results suggest that the surface phase in the SrMn3O6-δnanoribbons could behave as SG phase induced by surface effect of nanoribbons. Therefore, we reinterpret the presence of exchange bias effect as result of the coexistence of AFM and SG-like phase in the revised manuscript.In the revised manuscript, Page 4, Line 15, we replace “Furthermore, it is very relevant to note that .…a suppression of the long-range AFM order observed in the bulk.” with “Recently, studies have shown that the antiferromagnetism in bulk manganites is suppressed in both nanowires and nanoparticles, accompanied with an appearance of weak ferromagnetism.6,19 A core-shell phenomenological model was proposed, where the relaxation of superexchange interaction on the surface of nanowires or nanoparticles allows the formation of a FM or SG shell, resulting in natural AFM/FM or FM/SG interface.17,20 Considering the SG-like characteristic of magnetization curves in Fig. 3, which is further indicated by the unsaturated M-H curve at 3 K in fields up to 5 KOe like other conventional SG systems in Fig. 4, a similar description for the magnetic structure of the SrMn3O6-δnanoribbons could be suggested, that is, an AFM core and a SG-like shell, where the SG-like surface layers may act as the weak “FM” on AFM nanoribbons.15 The SG-like order probably arises as a result of the higher surface-to-volume ratio afforded by the nanoribbon geometry, i.e., surface effects, which can result in uncompensated spin and a suppression of the long-range AFM order observed in the bulk.”Page 5, Line 10, we insert “It is also observed in the hysteresis curve, which did not show the saturation in fields up to 5 KOe like other conventional SG systems.16 The observed M-H curve at 3 K reveals weak ferromagnetism may be due to spin freezing.”Reference No. 16 is added in the revised manuscript.Comment 2: Page 4, lines 5-7 from the top: “It can be seen that the M(T) curves display a weak AFM transition at T N (~ 46 K), which is typical of the AFM ordering in bulk SrMn3O6-δ reported previously (Ref. 10).” In contrast with results of Ref. 10 where the Neel temperature for the bulk was determined form ac susceptibility, from results presented in Fig. 3 it is impossible to determine the Neel temperature. The deviation of 1/M from CW law may not correspond T N, and it may differ significantly from T N of the bulk.Reply: Yes, from the M(T) curves and the deviation of 1/M from CW law in Fig. 3 it is impossible to determine the Neel temperature.In the revised manuscript, Page 4, Line 5, we delete the sentence “It can be seen that the M(T) curves display a weak AFM transition at T N (~ 46 K), which is typical of the AFM ordering in bulk SrMn3O6-δ reported previously (Ref. 10).” and insert the sentence “The ZFC magnetization curve exhibit a sharp peak at T m (~26 K) accompanied by a clear bifurcation of ZFC and FC magnetization curves, which is an indication of a glassy behavior at low temperature.9,16 ”Comment 3: Page 4, lines 13-14 from the top. “The formation of ferromagnetism at low temperature is further confirmed by the open hysteresis curves at 3 K shown in Fig. 4.” Unfortunately, I don't see any indication of spontaneous magnetization characteristic of FM phase.Reply: Considering the SG-like characteristic, the observed M-H curve at 3 K reveals weak ferromagnetism in the present nonoribbons may be due to spin freezing. Therefore, in our revised manuscript, the sentence “The formation of ferromagnetism at low temperature is further confirmed by the open hysteresis curves at 3 K shown in Fig. 4.” is deleted.Comment 4: Page 6, lines 2-3 from the top: “Results indicate that the exchange bias in the SrMn3O6-δnanoribbons increase with the increasing cooling field.” I believe that the results presented are not enough for such statement. Authors present the results of measurements for 0.5 kOe and 2 kOe only and they don't know the behavior of the exchange bias parameters in magnetic fields between 0.5 and 2 kOe and in H > 2 kOe.Reply: We measured the hysteresis loop at 3 K after the FC in magnetic field of 5 KOe, and show the additional result of measurement for H cool = 5 KOe in FIG. 4 in the revised manuscript. It can be seen that the exchange bias field H E increase with the increasing cooling field.Other modifications include:1.[Abstract, Page 1, Line 8] Replace “In contrast with the antiferromagnetic … may induce aninterfacial exchange anisotropy.” with “In contrast with the antiferromagnetic bulk material, magnetization measurements reveal weak ferromagnetism at low temperature in thesenanoribbons. Most interestingly, a notable exchange-bias effect is observed in the SrMn3O6-δnanoribbons, and the exchange bias is strongly dependent on the cooling field. These results suggest that the phase inhomogeneity in one-dimensional nanostructural manganite may induce exchange anisotropy.”2.[Page 2, Line 3 from bottom] Replace “Recently, exchange bias phenomenon has … and AFMmatrix was proposed.” with “But recent studies have shown that in addition to FM/AFM systems, exchange bias phenomenon was also observed in samples involving a ferrimagnet (FI) or a spin-glass phase ( FI/AFM, FM/SG, SG/AFM ).15 ”We hope that our revised version will be satisfactory for publication in APL. Great thanks to you and the referee for the time and effort you expend on this paper.Ref. 1 S. Karmakar, S. Taran, E. Bose, and B. K. Chaudhuri, Phys. Rev. B 77, 144409 (2008).。
1、菌体破碎液氮充分研磨，转入离心管中，加入1 ml Biozol 试剂，振荡混匀，室温孵育10 min( 如不立即提取，样品可在Biozol 试剂中4℃保存) 。
加入200 μl 氯仿，振荡混匀后在冰上孵育10 min，然后4 ℃、12 000 r /min 离心15 min。
离心后样品分为3 层，底层为蓝色有机相，上层为无色水相和中间层。
2、RNA 的提取。
将上层转移到1． 5 ml 离心管中，加入等体积异丙醇，颠倒混匀，将混合样品于-20 ℃孵育20min 以上，然后4 ℃、12 000 r /min 离心10 min。
RNA 沉淀通常形成片状沉淀附着于管壁和管底; 小心弃上清，用1 ml75%乙醇洗涤RNA 沉淀1 次，颠倒洗涤离心管管壁，尽可能让沉淀悬浮，然后4 ℃、12 000 r /min 离心5 min，再次去除上清; 适度干燥RNA 沉淀，用适量( 一般为20-50 μl) 无RNA酶水或TE 溶液来溶解RNA。
3、DNA 的提取。
DNA 的分离是CTAB 法的融合改进。
移去上层后，其余部分加入1.5 ml 无水乙醇，颠倒混匀后室温静置5 min，然后4 ℃、2000 r /min 离心5 min。
上清转移至新的1.5 ml 离心管中用于提取蛋白质，沉淀用于提取DNA。
沉淀加入700 μl 65 ℃预热的CTAB 抽提液［1.5% CTAB( W/V) ，0.1 mol /L Tris-HCl，20 mol /L EDTA，1.4 mol /L NaCl，pH 值8.0，用前加入β-巯基乙醇至终浓度为2%( V/V) ］，颠倒混匀，65 ℃水浴1 h 以上; 加入等体积的氯仿/异戊醇( 24:1，V/V) ，颠倒混匀，4 ℃、10000 r /min 离心10min; 取上清，加入等体积的异丙醇，-20℃放置30 min，4℃、12000 r /min离心15 min; 弃上清，用1 ml 75% 乙醇溶液洗涤沉淀，4℃、12 000 r /min 离心5 min，弃上清。
工业催化英语Industrial CatalysisThe field of industrial catalysis has played a pivotal role in the development and advancement of modern society. Catalysts, which are substances that facilitate chemical reactions without being consumed themselves, have become indispensable in a wide rangeof industries, from the production of fuels and chemicals to the development of new materials and pharmaceuticals. In this essay, we will explore the fundamental principles of industrial catalysis, its applications, and the significant impact it has had on the world around us.At the heart of industrial catalysis lies the concept of reaction kinetics. Catalysts work by providing an alternative pathway for a chemical reaction, one that has a lower activation energy than the original reaction. This means that the reaction can occur more easily and at a faster rate, ultimately increasing the efficiency and productivity of the industrial process. Catalysts can be classified into two broad categories: homogeneous catalysts, which are soluble in the reaction mixture, and heterogeneous catalysts, which are in a different phase (typically solid) from the reactants.Homogeneous catalysts are often used in the production of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and specialty materials. These catalysts can be highly selective, meaning they can promote the formation of a specific product while minimizing the formation of unwanted byproducts. Examples of homogeneous catalysts include transition metal complexes, organometallic compounds, and enzymatic catalysts. These catalysts are typically employed in reactions that involve organic solvents or aqueous solutions, and their performance can be fine-tuned by modifying the ligands or the metal center.On the other hand, heterogeneous catalysts are widely used in large-scale industrial processes, such as the production of fuels, petrochemicals, and bulk chemicals. These catalysts are typically in the form of solids, such as metals, metal oxides, or supported catalysts, and they interact with the reactants at the surface. Heterogeneous catalysts offer several advantages, including ease of separation from the reaction mixture, reusability, and the ability to withstand harsh reaction conditions. Examples of heterogeneous catalysts include zeolites, supported metal catalysts, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).One of the most significant applications of industrial catalysis is in the production of fuels and energy-related materials. Catalysts play a crucial role in the refining of crude oil, the conversion of natural gasto liquid fuels, and the production of biofuels. For instance, catalysts are used in the process of catalytic cracking, where large hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more valuable components, such as gasoline and diesel fuel. Additionally, catalysts are essential in the production of hydrogen, a clean and renewable energy source, through processes like steam reforming and water-gas shift reactions.Beyond the energy sector, industrial catalysis has had a profound impact on the chemical industry. Catalysts are used in the production of a wide range of chemicals, from basic commodities like ammonia and sulfuric acid to more specialized products like fine chemicals, polymers, and pharmaceuticals. For example, the Haber-Bosch process, which uses a heterogeneous iron-based catalyst, is responsible for the production of ammonia, a key ingredient in fertilizers that have revolutionized global food production.In the field of materials science, catalysts have played a crucial role in the development of new and advanced materials. Catalysts are used in the synthesis of polymers, ceramics, and composites, enabling the creation of materials with tailored properties for specific applications. For instance, catalysts are used in the production of high-performance plastics, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which have become ubiquitous in modern life.The impact of industrial catalysis extends beyond the realm of chemistry and materials science. Catalysts are also employed in the environmental and biomedical fields. In the environmental sector, catalysts are used in the treatment of air and water pollutants, as well as in the production of clean energy sources. Catalytic converters in automobiles, for example, use precious metal catalysts to reduce the emission of harmful pollutants. In the biomedical field, enzymes, which are a type of biological catalyst, play a crucial role in the development of new drugs and the treatment of various diseases.The future of industrial catalysis is bright, with ongoing research and development aimed at addressing the challenges of sustainability, efficiency, and environmental impact. Researchers are exploring the use of renewable and sustainable feedstocks, the development of more selective and energy-efficient catalysts, and the integration of catalytic processes with emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning.In conclusion, industrial catalysis is a field that has profoundly shaped the world we live in. From the production of fuels and chemicals to the development of new materials and the treatment of environmental and biomedical challenges, catalysts have been at the forefront of technological advancements. As we continue to face the pressing issues of our time, the importance of industrial catalysis willonly grow, and it will play a crucial role in shaping a more sustainable and prosperous future for all.。
Chapter 1 Oil and Gas Fields第1章油气田1.1 An Introduction to Oil and Gas Production1.1石油和天然气生产的介绍The complex nature of wellstreams is responsible for the complex processing of the produced fluids (gas, oil，water, and solids). The hydrocarbon portion must be separated into products that can be stored and/or transported. The nonhydrocarbon contaminants must be removed as much as feasible to meet storage, transport, reinjection, and disposal specifications. Ultimate disposal of the various waste streams depends on factors such as the location of the field and the applicable environmental regulations. The overriding criterion for product selection, construction, and operation decisions is economics.油气井井流的复杂性质，决定了所产流体(气、油、水和固体)的加工十分复杂。
必须分出井流中的烃类，使之成为能储存和/或能输送的各种产品;必须尽可能地脱除井流中的非烃杂质，以满足储存、输送、回注和排放的规范。
各类废弃物的最终处置取决于各种因素，如油气田所处地域和所采用的环保规定等。
车辆自动过分相(磁钢过分相)英文回答：Vehicle automatic phase separation (magnetic steel phase separation) is a technology that is used to ensure the proper functioning of the vehicle's engine and transmission system. It is a process in which the vehicle's onboard computer system monitors and adjusts the timing and distribution of the ignition spark to the engine cylinders and the fuel injection to the engine, in order to optimize the performance and fuel efficiency of the vehicle.This technology is achieved through the use of sensors and actuators that are connected to the vehicle's engine and transmission system. The sensors monitor various parameters such as engine speed, throttle position, air and fuel flow, and temperature, while the actuators adjust the timing and distribution of the ignition spark and fuel injection based on the data received from the sensors.The automatic phase separation technology ensures that the engine operates at its peak performance level under all driving conditions, whether it is idling, cruising, or accelerating. It also helps to reduce emissions and improve fuel economy by ensuring that the engine is running at its most efficient state at all times.In addition, the magnetic steel phase separation technology also helps to protect the engine from damage and wear by preventing knocking and pre-ignition, which can occur when the timing and distribution of the ignition spark and fuel injection are not properly synchronized.Overall, vehicle automatic phase separation (magnetic steel phase separation) is a crucial technology that contributes to the overall performance, efficiency, and longevity of the vehicle's engine and transmission system.中文回答：车辆自动过分相（磁钢过分相）是一种技术，用于确保车辆的发动机和变速器系统的正常运行。
1期刊名：Journal of Hazardous Materials（危害性材料学报）《危险材料杂志》，半月刊，平均3.62个月的审稿周期，影响因子4.173，MedSci指数29.771杂志简介：The Journal of Hazardous Materials publishes full length research papers, reviews, project reports, case studies and short communications which improve our understanding of the hazards and risks certain materials pose to people and the environment or deal with ways of controlling the hazards and associated risks. To limit the scope the following areas are excluded: work place health & safety, drugs, and nuclear related topics. The Journal is published in two parts: Part A: Risk Assessment and Management Characterization of the harmful effects of hazardous materials Impact assessment methods and models - acute and chronic effects of hazardous chemical releases Approaches to risk assessment and management, including legislation Incident case histories and lessons for risk management Part B Environmental Technologies Pollution control processes Inherently safer and cleaner technologies Treatment and disposal of solid, liquid and gaseous hazardous wastes Remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater.《危险材料杂志》出版完整长度的研究论文、评论、项目报告、案例研究和简报，这些文章提高了我们对某些材料对人们和环境可能存在的危害和风险或者控制其危害和相关风险的处理方式的理解。
第一课句子翻译1中国医药学有数千年的历史是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。
TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.2 中医学有完整的独特理论体系。
TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3 中医学是研究人的生命规律一级疾病的发生发展和防治规律的一门科学。
TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases.4黄帝内经为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础。
Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical sys tem of traditional Chinese medicine.5难经在许多方面，尤其在脉学上补充了黄帝内经的不足。
Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.6诸病源候论是中医学最早的一部病因证候学专著。
Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7阳常有余阴常不足。
高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中苯扎氯铵张鹏祥;曹蕊;高晓譞;尹家振;张明明;赵华【摘要】采用高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中苯扎氯铵的含量.色谱条件为:Agilent Zorbax CN柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5μm),流动相为V(乙腈)∶V(0.1 mol· L-1醋酸铵缓冲溶液(冰醋酸调pH =5.0))=70∶30的混合溶液,流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长260 nm,柱温25℃,进样量20 μL.结果表明,该方法的检出限为130μg·g-1,线性范围为5～100 mg ·L-1,回收率为92.0％～110.6％,RSD为0.32％～2.10％.%A high performance liquid chromatographic method was established for the determination of benzalkonium chloride in cosmetics. Chromatography separation was carried out on a Agilent Zorbax CN column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm i. d. ,5 μm), using acetonitrile with 0. 1 mol · L-1 ammonium acetate (70: 30 volume ratio and pH adjusted to 5.0 by glacial acetic acid) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL · min-1 and the column temperature was 25℃. Detection was carried out at 260 nm. The limit of detection is 130 μg · g-1. Linear plot ranges between 5 ～ 100 mg · L-1. Average recoveries are 92.0% -110.6% with relative standard deviations of 0. 32% ～2. 10%.【期刊名称】《日用化学工业》【年(卷),期】2012(042)003【总页数】4页(P230-233)【关键词】化妆品;苯扎氯铵;高效液相色谱法【作者】张鹏祥;曹蕊;高晓譞;尹家振;张明明;赵华【作者单位】北京工商大学理学院,北京1000148;国家食品药品监督管理局保健食品审评中心,北京 100070;北京工商大学理学院,北京1000148;北京工商大学理学院,北京1000148;北京工商大学理学院,北京1000148;北京工商大学理学院,北京1000148【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ658苯扎氯铵，中文别名为洁尔灭，是由正烷基取代的二甲基苄基氯化铵([C6H5CH2N(CH3)2R]Cl)的同系物组成，这些正烷烃基R分别为C8H17，C10H21，C12H25，C14H29，C16H33和C18H37[1-2]。
