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初中英语句子结构与成分题20套(带答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．What is your new speech on, Mr. Smith?（选出宾语）A. WhatB. your new speechC. onD. Mr. Smith【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：你的演讲是关于什么，史密斯先生？on 介词后面跟宾语，特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语，故选A。
【点评】此题考查句子成分。
根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分，选出正确答案。
2．Which of the following sentences is correct?A. He came in and sat down.B. We all like <Harry Potter>.C. When we met. He didn't say hello.D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：下面那个句子是正确的。
A是简单句，came和sat是并列谓语，都是一般过去式，所以A正确。
B中的符号不符合英语习惯，在英语中没有书名号，表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。
C句的标点符号是错误的，把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。
D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。
因此选A。
【点评】考查句法知识。
3．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.A. sweetB. smallC. clearlyD. sadly【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。
sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。
sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。
（完整版）初中英语句⼦成分讲解_练习及答案句⼦成分及基本句型⼀、考点、热点回顾【句⼦的成分】在英⽂中句⼦成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补⾜语等。
（⼀）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表⽰所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
⼀般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句⾸。
如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（⼆）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分⾥主要的词）必须是动词。
谓语和主语在⼈称和数两⽅⾯必须⼀致。
它在主语后⾯。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语⼀起作谓语）We study hard. （⾏为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和⾏为动词⼀起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和⾏为动词⼀起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、⾏为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词⼀起说明主语做什么。
⼀般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听⾳乐。
（英语）英语句子结构与成分练习题含答案含解析一、句子结构与成分1．The sentence structure of "Who knows the answer？" is " ".A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+DO+C【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：句子"Who knows the answer？"是什么结构？A.主语+谓语+宾语；B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；C.主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语补足语。
who是主语；knows是谓语；the answer是宾语，故选A。
【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。
2．Which of the following sentences is correct?A. He came in and sat down.B. We all like <Harry Potter>.C. When we met. He didn't say hello.D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：下面那个句子是正确的。
A是简单句，came和sat是并列谓语，都是一般过去式，所以A正确。
B中的符号不符合英语习惯，在英语中没有书名号，表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。
C句的标点符号是错误的，把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。
D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。
因此选A。
【点评】考查句法知识。
3．This cake is really big. _______ share it.A. May be we canB. We may be canC. Maybe we canD. Maybe can we【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大，也许我们可以分享它”。
句子成分习题1.Peter is a good doctor画线部分属于________。
A. 宾语B. 表语C. 谓语D. 状语2.请写出下列句子中的主语。
________Mr. Smith knew his son very well.3.写出句中的状语。
(1) He speaks English very well.________(2) Lily slept with the window open.________(3) I go to work by taxi.________(4) He lives in London.________(5) Thanks a lot.________4.请选出可以做主语的词语。
________A. what you saidB. walk5.请写出下列句子中的定语。
(1) I am an English teacher.(2) People in the park are dancing.(3) We all want to make friends with him. He is such a polite person.(4) Is there anything serious about your health?(5) Why are you still sleeping? Don't you have anything to do?6.请写出下列句子中的谓语。
(1) He has a useful dictionary. ________(2) He didn't go to the park yesterday. ________(3) He helped me to do my housework. ________(4) The music sounds very beautiful. ________(5) One can get a good result through one's hard work. ________(6) Who is going to have the picnic with us？________(7) Let's go to the park together. ________(8) They haven't finished their homework yet. ________(9) She used to study in Beijing. ________(10) I ought to give her money back. ________7.请写出下列句子中的谓语动词。
初二英语句子的成分试题答案及解析1.The sentence structure of “I saw him run into the building” is____________.A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DOC．S+V+O D．S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】句意：“I saw him run into the building”的句子结构是什么？S=主语，V=谓语动词，P=表语，O=宾语，INO=间接宾语，DO=直接宾语，OC=宾语补足语。
see sb do sth看见某人做了某事。
see是谓语动词，直接宾语，表明动作的对象，而do sth 是宾语补足语。
补充说明宾语的动作。
故选D。
【考点】考查句子结构。
2.连词成句（10分）【1】 you，lie，and，down，should，rest__________________________________________________________________.【答案】You should lie down and rest.【解析】.考查征求建议句型。
Should+动词原形表示应当做某事。
lie down固定词组躺下，结合题意故答案You should lie down and rest.【2】she，there，volunteers，a，once，week，to，help，learn，kids，read，to_______________________________________________________________________.【答案】She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.【解析】考查组句子。
once a week词组一周一次，to help kids learn to read动词不定式表目的，help sb do sth 帮某人做某事，learn todo学着去做某事。
英语句子成分练习题与答案一、句子成分练习题1. The dog chased the cat up the tree.2. Sarah baked a delicious cake for her friend's birthday.3. My parents are taking me to the amusement park this weekend.4. The teacher praised the students for their excellent work.5. I bought a new phone yesterday.6. The car crashed into a tree.7. Lucy and Peter went to the movies last night.8. My sister and I are planning a trip to Europe.9. David is studying English at the university.10. The sun sets in the west.二、句子成分答案解析1. The dog chased the cat up the tree.- Subject: The dog- Verb: chased- Object: the cat- Adverbial phrase: up the tree2. Sarah baked a delicious cake for her friend's birthday.- Subject: Sarah- Verb: baked- Object: a delicious cake- Prepositional phrase: for her friend's birthday3. My parents are taking me to the amusement park this weekend. - Subject: My parents- Verb: are taking- Object: me- Prepositional phrase: to the amusement park- Adverbial phrase: this weekend4. The teacher praised the students for their excellent work.- Subject: The teacher- Verb: praised- Object: the students- Prepositional phrase: for their excellent work5. I bought a new phone yesterday.- Subject: I- Verb: bought- Object: a new phone- Adverbial phrase: yesterday6. The car crashed into a tree.- Subject: The car- Verb: crashed- Prepositional phrase: into a tree7. Lucy and Peter went to the movies last night. - Subject: Lucy and Peter- Verb: went- Object: to the movies- Adverbial phrase: last night8. My sister and I are planning a trip to Europe. - Subject: My sister and I- Verb: are planning- Object: a trip- Prepositional phrase: to Europe9. David is studying English at the university. - Subject: David- Verb: is studying- Object: English- Prepositional phrase: at the university 10. The sun sets in the west.- Subject: The sun- Verb: sets- Adverbial phrase: in the west。
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
（英语）英语句子结构与成分题20套(带答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．I feel very lonely, and my eyes fill with tears. （选出表语）A. feelB. lonelyC. my eyesD. fill【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：我感到很孤独，我的眼中充满泪水。
feel，感觉，系动词，后面跟形容词作表语，lonely意为孤单的，形容词，作表语。
故选B。
【点评】此题考查句子的结构成分。
根据句子的结构确定每个划线部分在句子中充当的成分，选出正确答案。
2．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.A. sweetB. smallC. clearlyD. sadly【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。
sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。
sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。
【点评】考查系表结构。
3．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
故答案为D。
【点评】考查句子成分。
牢记句子成分。
4．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。
句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
A.Y 英语句子成分分析练习ang B.person C.to travel in space D.astronauts1.从B 句划线的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出与A 句的划线部分成分相当的选项。
A: The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms hen.B: Yang is the 431 person to travel in space, from 32 countries.st A.about film starsB.theC.alltestE.news2.排序：请将所给词语按照正确顺序填入横线上Cabbies know , the Royal Family, government leaders, and popular singers or actors and actresses.A.B.C.D.3.Which of the following is NOT the same in structure with the other three?The boss asks his workers to do jobs for him.A college friend of director Jiaozi introduced him to a 3D animation tool.An AI system helps teachers design test papers and grade the tests.We generally consider the Gaokao the world's most difficult college entrance exam.4.判断下列句子的结构类型，并尝试分析句子成分： Her mother often goes out to go shopping on Sunday. To swim in Kunming lake is a great pleasure. It takes you three hours to go to Hong Kong by air. We saw the students of class one playing basketball on the playground happily. Keep an eye on my little sister while I am away. What we are most interested in is how the whole thing is operated only by one person.5.① We got home very early.② We got the ticket in the end.③ We got very angry at his words.④ We got the girl some food.⑤ We got some students to clean the clssroom.⑥ You should write your words more carefully.⑦ The teacher didn't make his explanation clear.⑧ The boss must give his workers time for a rest.⑨ The photo looks rather beautiful.⑩ He has stayed in the cassroom for four hours.6.指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。
句子成分练习题时间：40分钟满分40分1、指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There are a lot of banana trees on the island③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2、选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）①I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. Picture D. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is⑧We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor⑨He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music⑩Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book3、挑出下列句中的宾语（下划线，有几个找几个）（10分，10分钟）①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.4、挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.5、挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!6、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?7、挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.8、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me句子成分练习题（解析）时间：40分钟满分40分1、指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.老师带着两个学生走进教室。
walking 为谓语，采用现在进行时。
* his 为形容词型物主代词。
is 为助动词。
the 为定冠词。
②There are a lot of banana trees on the island岛上有很多香蕉树there为形式主语，be为不及物动词作谓语，be后的名词为真正主语。
banana trees 是主语,there are 是谓语,a lot of 是定语,修饰banana trees ,on the island 是介词短语作定语,同样修饰banana trees.③The useful dictionary was （given）谓语被动by my mother 【last year】状语.这本有用的词典是我母亲去年给的。
④To do today's ‘homework’宾without the teacher's help（is）very {difficult.}表没有老师的帮助做今天的家庭作业是非常困难的。
2、选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）①I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. Picture D. wall我不喜欢墙上的画。
②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.夏天来临时，他的日子越来越长。
A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer* get 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* 第1个long 为形容词作表语。
* when 为连词，引导时间状语从句。
* comes 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
动词采用第三人称单数形式。
③Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus④There will be a meeting at the library【this afternoon.】状语A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins主have谓porridge宾for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast这对双胞胎早餐吃粥了吗？⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework汤姆昨天没有做家庭作业。
⑦（What I want to tell宾you）主从is this表. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is⑧We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor我们最好叫医生来。
⑨He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music⑩Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book助主谓宾你把我的书给谁了3、挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.你必须注意你的发音。
