瓷器介绍PPT翻译

——by Wang Zhuo、Wang Yao、Ouyang Ran、Yu shanshan/Zhang Zhaosong、Zhao haoLet’s Begin Our Trip at Jingde ZhenJingdezhensightseeingJingdezhen. is very famous as “the capital of porcelain" It's China's main porcelain-making center since the Song dynasty, as early as 1712 needed to keep three thousand kilns fired day and night.Three main kinds of porcelain•hard-paste porcelain(硬瓷）•soft-paste porcelain（釉瓷）•bone china（骨瓷）The blue and white porcelain•Blue and whiteporcelain enameltransparent water, tires,white light thin body ofporcelain body apply toblue, elegant decoration,pure and fresh vitality.Once appear blue rage,become the writings ofjingdezhen tradition.Tri-coloured glazed pottery of theTang DynastyThe Histroy of PorcelainNeolithic age（石器时代）In the history of Chinese ceramics, porcelain derived frompottery（陶）and appeared later. In the early years,people have made splendid achievements in ceramic fieldespecially in Yellow River and Changjiang River drainagearea where a lot of potteries and pottery fragments in theNeolithic age were unearthed at historical sites. Some ofthem were not only commodities, but also artworks suchas ancient painted pottery and pottery figurine（塑像）.With the development of pottery industry, the previousclay-strip forming technique has been changed to throwclay（粘土）method,while advanced side-fired kiln andshaft kiln replaced ground firing. People at that time alsogot some experience on how to control the temperature.The highest firing temperature had reached 1100℃, whichwas quite close to the firing temperature between potteryand porcelain. In the early period of Yin and ShangDynasty,the appearance of white pottery whose materialDong Han、W ei、Jin In Dong Han Dynasty, the appearance of mature celadon(青瓷）in Yue kiln was a milestone in the history of Chinese ceramics. Wei Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, the South and North Dynasty were just the seedtime. At that time, celadon played an important role in ceramics, which was widely fired. In the mean time, a small quality of black glazed（上釉的）porcelain and white glazed porcelain were discovered. Because of the unity of different nations and the introduction of Buddhism（佛教）, the ceramic style became various duringSui and Tang Dyansty In Sui and Tang Dyansty, the Chinese politics, economy, culture and trade became unprecedentedly prosperous, which promoted the progress of ceramics industry, the expansion of ceramic market and later formed the situation of "celadon in south and white porcelain in north."（南青北白) Celadon was the main product of South China. Yue kiln was the typical representative with high artistic value. The tyre(胎）was light, thin and compact; the glaze layer（釉面）was transparent and exquisite. White porcelain of Xing kiln in Tang Dynasty was the representative of "North white". The degree of whiteness in both body and glaze was good. Its body was compact and usually had a ringing sound when being knocked.tri-coloured glazedpottery of the TangDynastySong Dynasty Song Dynasty was the third prosperous period of the feudal society. Technology, culture, art and handicraft were highly developed. The ceramic industry was flourishing too. Porcelain kilns with regional feature spread all over the country, which formed the layout of "six kiln factions（派系）" and "five famous kilns". "Six kiln factions" were Ding kiln faction, Jun kiln faction, Yaozhou kiln faction, Cizhou kiln faction, Longquan kiln faction and Jingdezhen kiln faction. "Five famous kilns" were Guan kiln, Ru kiln, Ge kiln, Ding kiln and Jun kiln. After the establishment of Guan kilns in Song Dynasty, different artistic styles were formed in folk kilns.The famous porcelain city Jingdezhen grew up in Yuan Dynasty, and it was known for its blue-and-white porcelain, underglazed red porcelain and egg white porcelain.Ding kiln Guan kilnMing and Qing Dynasty In Ming and Qing Dynasty, Chinese porcelain art took on a brilliant and splendid look after thousands of years of development. Ancient painted porcelain became prosperous: such as blue-and-white, wu-cai, dou-cai, plain tri-color, underglazed san-cai, enamel color, fen-cai and so on. The painted porcelains in Ming and Qing Dynasty merged the ceramic art into a whole and gradually became perfect. Single color glaze were of various kinds: sacrificial red glaze, sacrificial blue glaze, Lang kiln red glaze, Jiangdou red glaze, yellow glaze, peacock green glaze and so on. Besides, new progress has been made in the making of ceramics. For example, wheel jiggering（用转模车制陶器）has replaced bamboo knife jiggering. Moreover, blowing glaze（吹釉）technology began to be used. From then on, the quality and quantity of porcelain increased rapidly. The ceramic industry of Ming and Qing Dynasty reached theA history of Chinese ceramics（制陶术）, is an image of Chinese history, Chinese national culture.Thanks!。

中英文瓷器介绍Chinese porcelain, with its delicate craftsmanship and translucent glaze, has captivated the world for centuries. Originating from Jingdezhen, it is renowned for its fineness and variety of colors.On the other hand, English porcelain, particularly known for its bone china, is celebrated for its durability and elegant designs. The process of adding bone ash to the clay gives it a distinctive strength and translucency.The Ming Dynasty's blue and white porcelain stands outfor its intricate patterns and use of cobalt, a material that was highly prized for its vibrant color. These pieces are not just functional but also serve as a testament to the artistic prowess of the era.In contrast, English porcelain from the 18th century,such as Wedgwood's Jasperware, is famous for its rich, hand-painted designs that often depict scenes from Greek mythology, showcasing a different kind of artistic expression.Chinese porcelain often features motifs such as dragons and phoenixes, symbols of imperial power and grace. These motifs are meticulously painted, reflecting the cultural significance and the skill of the artisans.English porcelain, especially during the Victorian era,saw a surge in the use of intricate floral patterns and cameos, which were popular for their ornate details and the social status they conferred to their owners.The evolution of Chinese porcelain has seen a transition from simple celadon wares to the more elaborate famille rose and famille verte styles, each representing different periods and tastes in Chinese history.Similarly, English porcelain has also evolved, with manufacturers like Spode pioneering the use of transfer printing, which allowed for more complex and colorful designs to be applied to the pieces, making them more accessible to the masses.In conclusion, both Chinese and English porcelains are treasures of their respective cultures, each with a rich history and a unique aesthetic that continues to be admired and collected around the world.。