北京大学哲学系马克思主义哲学2015考博英语翻译 不得不知的“4个句式”

考博英语翻译笔记倒装和分割结构为了强调句子的某些部分，或是为了保持句子平衡，英语中常常使用倒装。

大体说来，倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。

主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。

在翻译的时候，既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照字面意思翻译。

非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置，以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。

翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。

1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.分析：本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。

正常语序为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。

在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略，并将助动词提前。

译文：例如，它们（指测试）并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大才干。

2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom”generation reached its child-bearing years.分析：该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。

用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。

译文：不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“生育高峰期”出生的一代人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样起了作用。

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1.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age.For these children________to their full adult potential,their education must be adapted to those differences.A.to developB.to be developedC.developingD.will develop2.Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement,as well as_________the harvest of mineral resources.A.leads toB.to lead toC.leading toD.lead to3.Someday,solar power collected by satellites________the earth or fission power(裂变能)manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization.A.circledB.to circleC.circlingD.circles4.In this experiment,they are wakened several times during the night,and asked to report what they________.A.had just been dreamingB.are just dreamingC.have just been dreamingD.had just dreamt5.Her terror was so great________somewhere to escape,she would have run for her life.A.only ifB.that there had only beenC.that had there only beenD.if there were only1.AFor these children to develop to their full adult potential 在句中做目的状语，these children是to develop的逻辑主语，这种主谓关系在目的状语中一般是不能用分词表示的。

分类词汇:homogeneous同质的反义词：heterogeneousdialect方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy差异misconception误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding barrier障碍(物) bar, = barricadediscrimination区别、歧视 racial ~， discriminate (+against) hierarchy等级制度 heir(继承人) + arch(govern) + yinsularity岛国性质 (insular, island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.microcosm小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia=homesickness, patriot爱国者 patriotic, patriotism notoriety恶名 (notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物 counterculture, counterbalance peer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subordinate下级下级的 superiortactics战术，技巧 v.s. strategy(战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics nuance ﹦ a subtle difference in meaning compatriot同胞 , 同胞的 com + patriotvernacular本地的，本国,本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of India . Hispanic whose first language was Spanish immigration移入 immigrant, immigrate；emigration迁出 (emigrant, emigrate)antipodes： opposite sidespermeate渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house. entrepreneur企业家 enterprise entrepreneurship practitioner开业者，从业者 praction (practice) + er celebrity： a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy代理人anecdote轶事 (anecdotal)benchmarking类比分析punctual准时的，守时的 ( punctuality) absenteeism 旷工 absent absentee 缺席者flextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + time harass 骚扰 (harassment)redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancy downsize 裁员 ( lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 (partial)lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbing 配音录制vogue 时尚bizarre 奇异的 weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 (diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的contingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致 debts/hatred/danger occur 发生, concur 同意一致, recur 复发ethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (doubt) be dubious about manifestation 显示，证明 ( manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 subsidiary 辅助的, submarine 潜水, subway 地铁, suburb 乡镇考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理： assistant president综合治理： comprehensive treatment安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents信息化： information-based; informationization智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业： overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工： laid-off workers分流： reposition of redundant personnel 过剩人员的重新定位三角债： chain debts素质教育： education for all-round development豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects 草率的社会治安情况： law-and-order situation民族国家： nation state台独： independence of Taiwan台湾当局： Taiwan authorities台湾同胞： Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分： Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.西部大开发： Development of the West Regions可持续性发展： sustainable development风险投资： risk investment通货紧缩： deflation扩大内需： to expand domestic demand计算机辅助教学： computer-assisted instruction (CAI)网络空间： cyberspace虚拟现实： virtual reality网民： netizen (net citizen)电脑犯罪： computer crime电子商务： the e-business网上购物： shopping online应试教育： exam-oriented education学生减负： to reduce study load下岗： laid-off workers下海： plunge into the commercial sea下网： off line小康之家： well-off family; comfortably-off family新秀： up-and-coming star, rising star新新人类： New Human Being； X Generation信息港： info port形象小姐/先生： image representative of a product or a brand虚拟网： virtual net学生处： students' affairs division (分配、分派)研究生毕业证/学位证： graduate diploma/ graduate degree's diploma 摇钱树： cash cow以人为本： people oriented; people foremost义务教育： compulsory education易拉罐： pop can应试教育： examination-oriented education system舆论导向： direction of public opinion运球： dribble在职博士生： on-job doctorate早恋： puppy love招生就业指导办公室： enrolment and vocation guidance office (职业)证券营业部： stock exchange; security exchange知识产权： intellectual property rights中专生： secondary specialized or technical school student中流砥柱： mainstay, chief corner stone专卖店： exclusive agency; franchised store (营业权)自我保护意识： self-protection awareness综合国力： comprehensive national strength综合业务数字网： integrated service digital network (ISDN)公正、公平、公开： just, fair and open好莱坞大片： Hollywood blockbuster (大轰动)黄金时段： prime time假唱： lip-synch(同步)劲射： power shot拉拉队： cheering squad(小组、班级)来电显示电话机： caller ID telephone论文答辩： (thesis) oral defense泡沫经济： bubble economy票贩子： scalper, ticket tout (兜售)拳头产品： competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster三角恋爱： love triangle三维动画片： three-dimensional animation"扫黄"、"打非"： eliminate pornography and illegal publications (色情)申办奥运会： bid for the Olympic Games实现中华民伟大复兴： bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation (复兴，中华民族)市场疲软： sluggish market (停滞的，萧条的)素质教育： education for all-around development筒子楼： tube-shaped apartment脱贫致富： cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity (繁荣、昌盛)网吧： Internet bar网恋： online love affair网上冲浪： surf the Internet网上交易平台： online trading platform网友： net friend无人售票： self-service ticketing无绳来电显示电话： cordless telephone with caller ID无线应用协议： WAP (wireless application protocol )附录:英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构：donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌：look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策：list… ..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导：take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来：integrate theory with practice …把握大局： grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后： get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯：guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement采取各种措施： adopt various measures参政、议政： participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量： be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局： break the deadlock打破禁区： break off a forbidden zone得出结论： draw ( arrive at， come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队：forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响： have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献： make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义： be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉： combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜： hold high the great banner (旗帜)给…带来机遇和挑战： present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止，消除)腐败： root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界： observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况： ease the tension回顾奋斗历程： review the course of struggle加快改革步伐： accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督： ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion坚持改革开放政策： adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加：persist in reunification,，oppose separation, increase了解，化解歧见： understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担：alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想： emancipate our minds (解放)解决温饱问题： solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题： resolve new problems进入世界先进行列： edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期： enter a new period进行和谈： hold peace talks进行战略性调整： make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协： accept a compromise on开发西部： remake the west (再制，改造)开始生效： go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进： open up new ways forward科教兴国：rejuvenate our country through science and education (恢复) 理顺关系：rationalize the relationship (使合理化)履行权利和义务：perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步：make an important step热爱和平：love peace深化改革：deepen the reform审时度势：size up the situation (打量，估计)实现发展繁荣：bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立：realize national independence实现夙愿：fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标：achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life (确保)实现中华民族伟大复兴：bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策：practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注：attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别：bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业：implement the revitalization of our nation 维护世界和平：maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成：absorb what is advanced in other civilizations 下放权力给：delegate the management of ... (to ...) (委托，代表，授权；管理)退还大量钱款：give back an amount of money脱贫致富：cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务：perfect services为… 带来多种经济和社会效益：bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机：present huge business opportunities吸收游资：absorb idle fund吸引外商投资：attract foreign investment下海：plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境：land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金：invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品：wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心：focus on the central task of economic construction 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益：strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality (努力，反抗)优胜劣汰：select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输：give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力：have huge potential for与国际市场接轨：integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market在… 建立分公司：set up branches in造成很大压力：pose a big pressure on造成损失：cause a loss to增加农业投入：invest more in agriculture占领市场10%：occupy (take，account for ) 10 percent of the market (占；考虑)招商引资：attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas)制订… 法律：make a law of制定优惠政策：work out favorable policy制造假象：create smoke screens to do阻碍… 的经济发展：handicap(hamper) the economic development 阻止人才流失：stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律：follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类不注重历史：neglect history把… 列为世界自然文化遗产：list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿)：put on airs (show off，keep up appearances)(外表) 保护文化遗产：protect cultural heritage (relics)(遗物，文物)博采各国文化之长：draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries (优点)采取保护态度：take protective attitude承担应有的义务：undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来：build on the past and prepare for the future，inherit the past and usher in the future(引导，引入)充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性：give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals触击现行法律的盲区：touch a blank area of the existing law (现存的) 创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新：bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old year and ring in the new) (命令，吩咐；宣布离去，包围)从事电子商务工作：conduct e-commerce (引导，实施)促进儿童身心健康发展：promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally(身心)促进交流：promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展：facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products( 推进，促进)促进相互了解：enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持：enjoy grass-root support抵住… 的诱惑：resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度：take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟：show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智：develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力：tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术：enable literature and art to flourish；promote flourishingliterature and art反映中国的灿烂文化：reflect the rich culture of China放下架子：relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse；throw off one’s airs) (松开，放开；傲慢的，自大的)腐蚀人的灵魂：poison one’s mind (毒物，有害之物)改进教学：improve teaching and learning给学生减负：alleviate the burden on students和… 持相同观点：share views similar to互派访问学者：exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情：stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统：carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history；carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设：build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈：honor credibility and oppose cheating (可信性) 交换意见：exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人：impart knowledge and educate people (传授，告知)经受住暴风雨的考验：weather the storm(处境，境遇)精心编写教材：compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网：purify the Net举办文化节( 展览会)：hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议：hold an academic meeting开创假日经济：initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力：exploit one’s potential开阔视野：widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程：offer courses开展对外文化交流：conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动：carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰：climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩：evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信：eradicate superstition (根除，消灭；迷信，盲目崇拜) 普及九年制义务教育：make nine-year compulsory education universal 普及科普知识，传播科学思想，倡导科学精神：popularize scientific and technological knowledge，spread scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit启发学生：enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客：accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲：eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网：get on (have access to , be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心来挑选选手：carry on the quality education centering on moral education to choose players同教练反应一致：share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动和世界和平做出贡献：make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace卫冕世界冠军：regain world champion(收复，恢复；蝉联冠军) 吸引中国大学生优秀选手：attract China’s top university players向世界顶级球队学习：learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量： take on an opponent与强队竞争： compete with strong teams增进友谊： strengthen friendship展示技能：demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展：demonstrate(show) the latest development of China’s soccer支持北京申办 2008 年奥运会：support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会：host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛：sponsor the China University Basketball Association league抓住练习和学习的机会：grasp the chance to practise and learn响应号召：respond to the call修改法律：amend the laws宣布… 召开：announce the opening of徇私枉法：bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国：govern the country according to law引起全国的关注：arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注： attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利：win one victory after another在… 中起(至关)重要作用： play a major(crucial, an important ) role in 增强凝聚力：enhance the rally power(重整，集合)增强综合国力和国际竞争： enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程： look into the great journey展现生机和活力：display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难： overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部：revive the west振兴中华民族：rejuvenate(revitalize) our nation政企不分： mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开：separate government functions from enterprise management 政务公开： make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动：urge governments of all countries to takeaction抓住机遇：seize the opportunity转变政府职能：transform(shift) the government functions追求进步：pursue progress追求真理：seek the truth走进新时代：march(stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公： observe the relevant code of conduct and the lawand honestly perform one's official duties (规则，惯例；指挥，引导；执行，履行，完成)遵循规则： follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业： cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work (全神贯注地，把…奉献给…)保持国民经济发展的良好势头： maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy (动力，势头)保持国有股： keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活：guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂： be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法：adopt various methods采取反垄断措施： take anti-monopoly measures承担风险：bear(take) risk筹集足够的资金：raise enough funds (capital, proceeds) (收益，收入) 创收外汇：earn foreign exchange (currency) (货币，流通)刺激国内经济需求：spur domestic demand刺激国内需求：stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济：shift from extensive economy tointensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理经验：introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise促进地区间的合作：promote regional cooperation促进改革： promote reform促进全球经济一体化：foster integration with the global economy打黑：crack down on speculation and profiteering (制裁；思索，投机；倒卖；投机倒把)打假：take strong measures against fake and shoddy products(crack down on counterfeit goods) (伪劣的，假冒的)打破垄断： break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉)：lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁： form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场：take back lost market发挥自身优势：give full play to one’s advantages (小心，谨慎)防范和化解金融风险： take precautions against and reduce financial risks 改善投资环境：improve the environment for investment赶超先进：surpass the advanced给… 带来积极影响： bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整：gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产：notarize the properties (对…公正)和…达成(签订)协议：reach(sign) an agreement with (签字) 和…进一步合作：further cooperation with和…有合作关系： have cooperative ties with活跃市场：enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去：go all out for economic development (全力以赴)计算出准确的工资水平： figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整：speed up economic development and restructuring加快竞争步伐：accelerate the competition加快努力： speed up efforts加强风险防范：prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理：reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力：ease the seriousness of deflation减轻… 的负担： reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效： downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency(效能，功效；薪金总额)剪彩： cut the ribbon(缎带，丝带)解除劳动关系：sever labor relation(断绝，中断)解放生产力：emancipate the productive forces ( free the productivity) 精简机构：streamline government organs (使简单化)竟争上岗： compete for the post举报非法行为：disclose any illegal activities (揭露，公开)开辟更多渠道： open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场：tap(favor) the Chinese market开拓市场：exploit markets控制通货膨胀： control inflation(keep inflation under control)扩大贫富差距：widen the gap between the rich and the poor扩大消费市场：expand consumption market留职停薪：retain the job but suspend the salary(维持，悬挂，中止) 面对可能的压力和竞争：face possible pressure and competition牟取暴利：seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展)： balance economy取缔非法收入： ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings)让…处于同一起跑线：put… on the same platform and at the same starting point让位于竞争需要：give way to the need for competition申请专利： apply for a patent实现目标： realize the goal适应… 的发展： adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重： suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态： decrease the imbalance缩小… 间的距离： narrow the gap between提高公务员工资： raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平：raise the management level提高居民生活：improve residents’standard of living调整产业结构：adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果精神：turn laboratory achievements into commercial以创新和实践为重点：emphasizing creativity and practice使英语达到更高水平：push one’s English to a higher level受到… 的关注：receive attention from疏导游客：divert tourists疏通关系：lubricate relationships (给…加润滑油)树立企业良好形象：foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡：punch the card; stamp the card(用力按；邮戳)陶冶情操：cultivate one’s taste(temperament)提倡文明的生活方式：advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质： improve the overall quality of civil servants 提高全民反毒品的意识： raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度：raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会：offer a chance of education通过资格考试：pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质：see through the appearance to perceive the essence 推动人类文明进步：push forward human civilization挖墙脚：undermine the foundation of sth. (cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明，精神文明一起抓： pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural(ethical) progress相互促进： help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设的成就：introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to the world向学生传授知识：impart knowledge to students消除误解：clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧：eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学的社会风尚： form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice以全新的面貌进入新世纪： enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教： teach students according to their aptitude(倾向，天资) 引起激烈争论：spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境：create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康：affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展：give a big push to the development of education与各国人民交往：communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识：strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right 找工作：hunt for a job值得重视(关注)：deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件： control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展：give priority to the development of education 重视实用性：place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才：respect knowledge and respect competent people 四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度： help slow down the pace of global warming 保持生态平衡： keep ecological balance保持水土：preserve soil and water保护和改善生活环境，保护珍稀野生动植物： protect and improve the living environment and the protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地：reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术：adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法：apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建： participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动：take part in environmental protection activities产生巨大的水文效应： produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式：pursue a“green”life创造良好的生态环境：create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展：promote the sustainable development of the city 发展太阳能： develop solar energy防治污染：prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林： pay great attention to the conservation of forest 改善生态环境： improve the eco-environment(ecological environment) 关闭化工厂：close chemical plants加大污染治理力度：strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化： strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护： strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设： improve the eco-construction加强水土保持： reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度： adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆： reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费： reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘：decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划： further speed up environmental protection plans 禁止露天焚烧：prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育：advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals开展绿色活动： advocate green activities扩建管道网络： expand the pipe network普及环保知识：popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码：snatch password窃取知识产权：lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准：implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机： crash computers使用再生纸： use recycle paper探索… 的奥秘：probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉：eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高环境管理水平：raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识：improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness提高清洁能源的比重：increase the supply of clean energy resources 投放电脑病毒：unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设：perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 为大量野生动植物提供栖息地：provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants为人类提供水和食物：supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护：enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放：decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播：strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题：result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延：prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识：enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典：defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题：tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion 注重节约资源：attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母：disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理：advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况：conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望：pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活：reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭：encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活：lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策：stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查：carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验：inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元：start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口数量(增长)：control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低：bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变：pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观：damage the morality of human society缩小代沟：narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育：encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚：ask for a divorce提高人口素质：improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权：safeguard and promote the peo ple’s rights to subsistence and development维护人权和不断改善人权状况：safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation享受优越的生活条件：enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异：display a marked difference优化人口结构：optimize the population structure优生优育：bear and rear better children占总人口的10%：account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念：result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学：benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、资源、环境的关系：correctly handlethe relationship of economic development versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见：ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱：earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题：pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威：undermine the authority of the older generation 尊重和保障人权：respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与… 比赛：avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻：mark a historic time表现完美：give some very good performance剥夺冠军：strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法：adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力：participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛：take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动：articipate in the bidding campaigns超过世界记录：surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲：ecome the pride of the nation创新世界纪录：set a new world record到国际体育标准：reach the standard for international games打败比利时队：defeat Belgium打破恶性循环：break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录：beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练：serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠：take the crown反对使用兴奋剂：oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs符合举办奥运会的要求：meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性：become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气：boost the morale of the team members获得认可：gain recognition获得团体冠军：win the team title激发中国青年的雄心壮志：fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜：gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部：set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯：compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果：satisfy with the draw面对强手：face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛：blow a whistle to stop the end of the match配备各种设施：furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验：gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格：qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛：ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥：bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics失去男子单打冠军：miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破：fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough 使其他选手相形见绌：dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力：wake up one’s life使中国以3 ∶2 取胜：give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议：make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平：raise the level of the Chinese team。

考博英语翻译步骤解析考博英语翻译步骤解析一理解原文什么叫理解?照字面解释，理解就是懂、了解的意思，即懂原文，了解原文。

这里说的理解，就是译者利用两种语言的词汇、语法、修辞等知识，来理解原文的内容和风格。

理解必须通过具体的语言现象、具体的上下文。

一个词，一个词组，甚至一个句子，如果脱离上下文，是难以确定其意义的。

苏联翻译家索伯列夫指出：“ 在绝大多数情况下，一个词脱离上下文的关系是不能翻译的。

”“离开上下文的密切联系来翻译一个词，总是不可避免地要歪曲原文的意思。

”所以，一定要从上下文的关系上来理解原文，来探索一切可能的译法。

上下文是什么呢?可以是一个句子，一个段落，也可以是一章一节，以至全书。

理解是表达的前提，理解得好坏是表达得好坏的关键。

有些作品，有些人译得好，有些人译得不好，就是理解深度不同。

一个句子，各人理解的程度不同，译文也不一样，所以，理解是重要的一环。

那么，如何理解原文呢?应从哪些方面去理解原文呢?首先要理解原文的语言。

即通过原作的语言现象来理解原作的内容。

因为原作的思想、内容是通过原作的语言形式表达出来的，懂得语言形式及其含意，是理解原作整体内容的基础。

请看下面的句子：①冻死了。

②他眼红了。

“冻死”是真的受冻而死，一命呜呼，还是表示冷得厉害?“眼红”是眼睛因病而红，还是嫉妒别人的意思?两个句子都不好译。

不好译，是因为没能理解原文中的真正意义。

如果这两例变成：③今天我下地窖去取菜，冻死了。

④王生看见别人做生意赚了很多钱，他眼红了。

现在我们可以通过联系上下文的关系去理解原文了。

“冻死”是冻得要死的意思。

可以译成“gysengj yaek dai”;“眼红”是嫉妒的意思，可译成“hozgenz dangqmaz”。

这是要理解的第一个问题。

其次是理解全文的逻辑关系。

一篇文章或者一部著作，它除了以内容和事实说服人或感动人之外，往往还通过逻辑推理来服人、破人。

所以要深刻地理解原文，有时还要上下有联系地去理解其中的逻辑关系。

一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导 take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …把握大局 grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局 break the deadlock打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界 observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期 enter a new period进行和谈 hold peace talks进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on开发西部 remake the west开始生效go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进open up new ways forward科教兴国rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步make an important step热爱和平love peace深化改革deepen the reform审时度势size up the situation实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立realize national independence实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召respond to the call修改法律amend the laws宣布…召开announce the opening of徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国govern the country according to law引起全国的关注arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程look into the great journey展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部revive the west振兴中华民族rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇seize the opportunity转变政府职能transform (shift) the government functions追求进步pursue progress追求真理seek the truth走进新时代march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法adopt various methods采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures承担风险bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求spur domestic demand刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验management expertise促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation促进改革promote reform促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy打黑crack down on speculation and profiteering打假take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场take back lost market发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境improve the environment for investment赶超先进surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响bring a more pos itive impact on…根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作further cooperation with和…有合作关系have cooperative ties with活跃市场enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development。

北京大学考博英语真题常见特殊句子及其翻译1.The American economic system anized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

2.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

3.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

中国考博辅导首选学校2015年北京大学考博英语词汇科学记忆法通常而言，掌握英语单词没有什么捷径可走，词汇记忆方法也很多，但词汇记忆的一个最基本原则是你绝对不能只用一种方法来记忆考纲规定的所有考博词汇，针对不同级别的考博词汇，组合使用多种方法来刺激记忆才是掌握词汇的最佳策略。

下面列举几种记忆方法：全国免费电话：四零零六六八六九七八.2015考博交流群：一零五六一九八二零，联系我们扣扣：二四七八七四八零五四或者四九三三七一六二六。

1、词根词缀法词根词缀法是记忆单词最科学，最快速的方法。

它的特点是充分利用单词的构词规律，通过掌握一组单词的共同词根或词缀，达到成串记忆单词的目的。

比如pose这个词，意思为“摆姿势”，它作为词根的意思是“put”摆放的意思。

因此我们知道“oppose,propose,dispose,expose,impose, compose”等都和“put”摆放相关，这样记忆这些单词就变得容易多了。

如果知道act=to do，to drive “做、干、驱动”那么记忆act，action，actor，actress,active,activity,activate,actual, exact,reactor，interact，transaction等就非常简单了。

类似的词根还有很多，需要同学们在学习的过程中加强总结和积累，学会用运相同的词根去成串记忆变化前缀和后缀组合出的单词。

2、基本义联想法这种方法利用多义单词的意义扩展规律，首先抓住单词最基本的意思，然后根据其他词义与基本义的联系来轻松地记忆单词。

比如：我们知道immediate(ly)的基本意思是“中间没有间隔地”就可以较容易地记住它的三个意思：1)(时间)立刻;2)(空间)紧挨，紧接，紧跟;3)(关系)直接。

3、形义联想法这种方法的做法是找出单词之间形状和意义的共同特点，利用他们的共同特点展开记忆。

如我们对ball，ballet，balloon，ballot，bullet等几个词就可以做这样的联想记忆。

考博英语翻译的 5 个技巧1.所，是指本来就有个意思，是要我将其在特定合的正确意思出来。

正确是保文量的重要，假如能做到在意和字面形式上都等自然，假如不可以兼，取意，舍形式。

越是一般的，越是有众多的和搭配，翻程中的也就越以确立。

，要注意的广狭、所的境、的褒和感情色彩。

例 1原文：但往常每个家庭都会在大大年夜聚，一同吃大年夜。

文： However, New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gatherfor the annual reunion dinner.剖析：“大年夜”此就是每年一度的，了文更切合英国家的，里用的是 annual reunion dinner ，理解起来更简单。

例 2原文：人会在上粘色的(couplets)⋯⋯文：And doors will be decorated with red couplets⋯剖析：原文中“粘”的意思其就是用装窗，假如直的表达不出真的意，所以里用了“ decorate ”，表意更直接。

2、是英常用的一种手段。

的性和详细性特色使其在言运用上多用。

英因其静性和抽象性特色在言使用上呈有名化和介化向。

在英的程中，适合性，能够使文更切合英表达。

(1)→名巾使用比繁，并且既没有化的束，也没有和非的形式之分，甚至能够充任句子的各样成分。

相反，英的使用遇到形化的格限制。

一个句子常常只有一个，大批本来由表达的观点，常需借助于名，因名比不受形化的束，使用相灵巧、方便。

例原文：各地度春的俗和有很大差别。

文： Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of theChinese New Year vary widely from place to place.剖析：原句中“ 度”是，可是假如文中也用来表达，整个句子的构得，不整，所以文顶用了“celebration”来表达，使得整个甸子更均匀、清楚。

考博英语翻译英汉互译方法汇总在翻译中，针对词汇空缺现象，在词汇的借用、引用方面通常采取四种形式：音译、直译、改编、意译。

1、音译：人名、地名以及一些表示新概念而本族语里又找不到对成词来表示时，均可采用音译法介绍到译文语言中去，如：［汉译英］磕头（kowtow），荔枝（litchi）；［英译汉］、engine（引擎），motor（马达），sofa（沙发），logic （逻辑）2、直译：papertiger（纸老虎），loseface（丢脸），Seeingisbelieving.（百闻不如一见。

）Outofmind，outofsight.（眼不见，心不烦）3、改编：所谓“改编”指的是音译或直译如意义补充的翻译，在翻译的“改编法”中，译者总是一方面尽可能保持原文语言的特性，另一方面更希望译文含义明朗，使读者一目了然。

比如，汉语的“班门弄斧”这个成语，可译成Thisislikeshowingoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBanthemast ercarpenter 其中，“鲁班”变成了“LuBanthematercarpenter“否则鲁班究竟是什么人，不知道典故的外国读者就会感到茫然。

这类译法在英译中比较常见，如巧克力糖（chocolate），鸦片烟（opium），高尔夫球（golf），来福枪（rifle），尼龙布（nylon）。

4、意译法：填补语言中的词汇、语义空缺，采用“并行法”即意译法是一种常见的有效方法。

如果某一语言观象，在译文语言中只的用意义相同的不同语言形式即“并行”的词汇来翻译时，那么就等于说译文语言的形式中存在着一个“空缺”。

比如，有许多词以及由这些词代表的思想概念，最先只存在于某种语言中，当把这些词或概念介绍到另一种语言中去时，我们可采取音译，直译法，同时也可采用意译法，而且意译译文可从语音、语法、语义等方面都合乎译文语言的规范，因此最易为读者接受。

北京大学工学院工程力学2015考博英语英译汉方法和技巧2015育明考博考博英语教研组悉心整理考博英语英译汉方法和技巧，希望能够帮助同学们在今后的复习过程中畅通无阻。

联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。

电话：四零零六六八六九七八。

•2词的增减•1)增词•Histories make men wise,mathematics subtle,logic and rhetoric able to contend.•历史使人明智，数学使人周密，逻辑学和修辞学使人善辩。

•2)减词•Ladies and gentlemen at the meeting.•与会人员•二句型结构的翻译•1定语结构•1)后置定语前移•There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.•届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车污染超标，监控器就会使其停驶。

•2)定语从句和主句分译•Actually,it isn’t,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.•事实并非如此，因为这种说法是以人们对人权有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同的认识在世界上并不存在。

•2被动语态•1)被动结构译为主动结构•However,the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects.•然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。

北京大学哲学系外国哲学2015考博英语暑期强化必背200个句型2015年打算考博的同学们，一定要知道这个暑期是强化复习的关键阶段，对于考博英语基础薄弱的同学更应该合理地计划下怎么的一个复习流程。

巧妙的采用背诵记忆方法，多多培养语感，这样答题时就会轻松很多，同时对于英语写作更有很大的帮助!下面育明考博考博英语辅导张老师为同学们总结了暑期强化必备的200个句型，在记忆词汇，增强阅读速度，培养语感的同时提高写作分数。

加油哦!!!联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。

电话：四零零六六八六九七八。

71.This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world。

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72.Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage.By extra studies,they maintain,their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge,which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up。

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73.In the first place,extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of cational experts point out that,it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom。

2015北京大学考博英语真题长难句50句1.Even the doctoral degree,long recognized as a required“union card”in the academic world,has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor’s classroom duties.1、即使是学术界被长时间认作必须“同盟卡”的博士学位，现在也因为仅仅为了学习本身和知识的累积而学习，却不把知识应用到教授的教学职责中去而受到了严厉的批评。

2.While a selection of necessary details is involved in both,the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts,while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.2、尽管收集必要的信息对于两者来说都是需要的，但官员必须以中立和清晰的态度来提供事实的画面，而艺术家从已设字的信息或者态度开始，并将其过用激发读者共鸣和情绪反应的词语描写的动用细节描述出来。

一、政治类：二、把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities三、把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society四、把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies五、把…作为指导 take… as the guide六、把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …七、把握大局 grasp the overall situation八、摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness九、保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement十、采取各种措施 adopt various measures十一、参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs十二、充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength十三、打破僵局 break the deadlock十四、打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone十五、得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion十六、锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army十七、对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on十八、对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to十九、反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism二十、反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government二十一、高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner二十二、给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to二十三、根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption二十四、观察当今世界 observe the present-day world二十五、缓和紧张状况 ease the tension二十六、回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle二十七、加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform二十八、加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public二十九、opinion三十、坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy三十一、坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 三十二、了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences三十三、减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden三十四、解放思想 emancipate our minds三十五、解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing三十六、解决新问题 resolve new problems三十七、进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world三十八、进入新时期 enter a new period三十九、进行和谈 hold peace talks四十、进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment四十一、就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on四十二、开发西部 remake the west开始生效go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进open up new ways forward科教兴国rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步make an important step热爱和平love peace深化改革deepen the reform审时度势size up the situation实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立realize national independence实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召respond to the call修改法律amend the laws宣布…召开announce the opening of徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国govern the country according to law引起全国的关注arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程look into the great journey展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部revive the west振兴中华民族rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇seize the opportunity转变政府职能transform (shift) the government functions追求进步pursue progress追求真理seek the truth走进新时代march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法adopt various methods采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures承担风险bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求spur domestic demand刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验management expertise促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation促进改革promote reform促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy打黑crack down on speculation and profiteering打假take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场take back lost market发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境improve the environment for investment赶超先进surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响bring a more positive impa ct on…根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作further cooperation with和…有合作关系have cooperative ties with活跃市场enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development。

北京师范大学考博英语必备翻译知识点汇总2015年考博还有一段时间，同学们都在紧张的备考，育明考博为苦背单词的同学整理了以下句子，希望有助于同学们备考需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

1.The accessory successor never made concessions to difficulties, so he succeeded in accessing successive successes。

附属继承人从未向困难妥协，因此在走向连续的成功之路上成功了。

2.I exceed the excellent student who has excessive excellence。

我胜过那个有过多优点的优秀学生。

3.During the procession,the microprocessor finished the processing procedure。

在队伍行进时，微处理器完成了加工过程。

4.The chess professor confessed his professional blessing in the confession。

象棋教授在供状中承认了其职业福气。

5.The progressive congressman dressed in black stressed his distress。

穿着黑色衣服的进步国会议员强调了他的不幸。

6.The man depressed by the pressure from the press expressed the impression on him。

那个受到来自新闻界压力压抑的人表达了他的印象。

7.Initially I kept silent to the essential essay。

起初我对这个重要的短评保持沉默。

北京大学考博英语真题词汇常用后缀汇总(1)名词后缀1、ability(能力,才干),ibilityable(能...的,有才能的,能干的,能够的)—ability(能力,才干) flexible(有弹性的，柔韧的)—flexibility(弹性,适应性,机动性,挠性)inflammability adaptability Xu yao quan guo ge da yuan xiao kao bo ying yu zhen ti shi juan qing jia qq：qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi,huo er ba jiu ling ling liu si san wu yi.ye ke yi bo da quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba xiang shou kao bo fu dao ti yan.2、alarrive(到达,抵达)—arrival(到来,到达,到达者)refuse(拒绝,谢绝)—refusal(拒绝,推却)personal global approval revival3、an,ian,arianlibrary(图书馆,藏书室)—librarian(图书馆员,图书管理员)music(音乐,乐曲)—musician(音乐家)urban publican republican4、ance,enceappear(出现,公开露面)—appearance(出现,露面,外貌,外观)refer(提交,谈及，提到,涉及,查阅,咨询)—reference(提及,涉及,参考,参考书目,证明书(人),介绍信(人))guidance resistance reliance5、ancy,encyemerge(显现,浮现,(事实)显现出来)—emergency(紧急情况,突然事件,非常时刻,紧急事件)expect(期待,预期)—expectancy(期待,期望)occupancy elegancy constancy6、ant,entapply(申请)—applicant(申请者,请求者)correspond(通信)—correspondent(通讯记者,通信者)ignorant assistant accsant excitant7、cyaccurate(正确的,精确的)—accuracy(精确性,正确度)private(私人的,私有的,私营的,秘密的)—privacy(独处而不受干扰,秘密)vacancy bankruptcy8、domking(国王,君主,(部落的)首领,纸牌中的K，立...为王，做国王,统治)—kingdom(王国,[宗]天国,上帝的统治,领域)free(自由的,免费的,免税的,免费)—freedom(自由,自主,直率,特权)wisdom sportsdom filmdom9、eeemploy(雇用,用)—employee(职工,雇员,店员)interview(接见,会见)—interviewee(被接见者,被访问者)trainee deportee awardee10、er,or,arpaint(油漆,颜料)—painter(画家,油漆匠) beg(请求,乞求)—beggar(乞丐)banker heater whisper harder11、erybrave(勇敢的)—bravery(勇敢)slave(奴隶)—slavery(奴隶身分,奴隶制度) bakery robbery bribery fishery12、eseChina(中国)—Chinese(中国的,)Japan(日本)—Japanese(日本的)13、essactor(男演员)—actress(女演员)waiter(侍者,服务员)—waitress(女服务生) hostess heiress murderess14、hoodchild(孩子,儿女)—childhood(孩童时期)man(男人)—manbood(成年男子)adulthood cubhood15、icselectron(电子)—electronics(电子器件)linguist(语言学家)—linguistics(语言学)electronics politics economics16、ismMarx(马克思)—Marxism(马克思主义)socialist(社会主义者)—socialism(社会主义) criticism journalism idealism17、istpsychiatry(精神病学)—psychiatrist(精神病医师) violin(小提琴)—violinist(小提琴演奏者)socialist chemist dentist18、ity,tycruel(残酷的,悲惨的)—cruelty(残忍,残酷)pure(纯的,纯粹的)—purity(纯净,纯洁,纯度) speciality humanity popularity19、mentmove(移动,迁居)—movement(运动,动作)retire(退休,引退,退却)—retirement(退休,引退) amusement basement department20、nessdark(黑暗,夜)—darkness(黑暗,漆黑)happy(快乐的,幸福的)—happiness(幸福,快乐) weakness bitterness willingness21、ologyclimate(气候,风土)—climatology(气候学,风土学) future(未来,将来)—futurology(未来学)22、shipfriend(朋友,助手)—friendship(友谊,友好)scholar(学者)—scholarship(奖学金,学问,学识)relationship huntsmanship23、sion,ssiondecide(决定,判决)—decision(决定,决心)expand(使膨胀,扩张)—expansion(扩充,开展)collision suspension conversion24、thgrow(生长,成长)—growth(生长,种植)wide(宽的,广阔的)—width(宽度)warmth depth strength25、ureclose(关,关闭)—closure(关闭，使终止)expose(使暴露,受到,使曝光，揭露)—exposure(暴露,揭露,暴光,揭发)pressure creature departure(2)动词后缀26、endeep(深的,纵深的)—deepen(加深,深化)fast(紧的,牢的)—fasten(扎牢,扣住)strengthen sharpen soften27、ifyclass(班级,阶级)—classify(分类,分等)simple(简单的,简易的)—simplify(单一化,简单化)satisfy intensify purify28、ize,isemodern(现代人)—modernise/modernize(<主英>=modernize)popular(通俗的,流行的,受欢迎的)—popularise/popularize(<主英>=popularize)normalize industrialize organize29、atemot(动)—motivate(给动机，刺激)需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

北京大学考博英语真题常见疑难句型及其解析2015年考博备考进入准备阶段，育明考博整理了考博英语学科备考资料供大家参考，祝莘莘学子2015年考博顺利。

平行结构：1.注意由并列连词或等立连词连接的成分在语法形式上是否相同，即都是形容词，或都是介词短语，或都是不定式，或都是动名词，或都是句子等。

如：Symposium talks will cover a wide range of subjects from overfishing to physical and environmental factors that affect the populations of different species.In the teaching of mathematics,the way of instruction is generally traditional,with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes.2.注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同。

如：It is better to die on one’s feet than to live on one’s knees.Despite the temporary difficulties,the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it.3.其他具有并列或比较意义的短语。

(1)rather than,let alone虽不是并列连词，但在结构上连接两个语法形式相同的成分。

如：We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than in a personal style.For the new country to survive,let alone for its people to enjoy prosperity,new economic policies will be required.(2)如果平行的两个成分在形式上是介词短语，而且介词相同，一般说来第二个介词不要省略。

北京大学历史学系专门史2015考博英语语法学习多侧面了解句子结构考博英语语法是我们中国人了解英语学会英语的一项法宝，各种语法各种运用，简单的一个句子能分析出两三个语法来。

因此，不言而喻考博英语语法真的很重要，但是部分同学听到语法就很是头疼避而远之，下面太考博英语老师给同学们介绍下如何更好的学会语法。

联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。

电话：四零零六六八六九七八。

语法一直是中国学生最薄弱的环节。

如果说词汇的记忆还可以自己解决的话，考博英语语法的复习就一定要在老师的带领下进行了。

对于考博来说，语法的考察其实是有范围的，因为考博不单独纯粹考语法，像高中的选择题一样。

考博语法的学习目的是为了能够理解句子，识别句子结构。

所以考博语法说白了就是理解句子，理解句子结构。

句子分为简单句和非简单句。

简单句主要考察五大基本句型和四大成分。

五大基本句型即主谓，主谓宾，主谓宾宾，主谓宾补和主系表。

四大成分也就是定语，状语，同位语和插入语。

非简单句分为并列句和复合句。

并列句又分为句中并列和句间并列。

复合句包括三大从句和一些特殊结构。

三大从句分别是名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。

名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句，。

形容词性从句也就是常说的定语从句，分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

副词性从句也就是状语从句，包括九大类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、条件和比较。

特殊结构是指强调，省略和倒装这三种常考的语法现象。

以上这些就是考博的所有语法点。

掌握了这些内容考博的句子对你来说就没有任何问题了。

考博英语语法主要考查并列句，非谓语动词、三大从句以及一些特殊句式。

从句包括形容词性从句、副词性从句和名词性从句，他们的存在使句子的结构更为复杂，让考生更难把握句子框架，从句也是英译汉的重要考查点;非谓语动词分为四大类：动名词，现在分词，过去分词和不定式。

对非谓语动词的考查在考博英语中的权重非常大，在翻译中表现得尤其明显，几乎占到该部分语法知识考查的三分之一;特殊句式主要涉及到强调句，省略句，插入语，虚拟语气，比较结构和倒装。

2015考博英语必备语法知识点虚拟语气是考博英语阅读理解、完形填空和翻译中一个很常见的语法现象。

尤其是在阅读理解中，推理题，这个决定学生能不能从40分的阅读中夺得30分以上的一个题型。

而我们此处的虚拟语气是推理题经常出选项的地方。

从1986年到现2014年，其出现的频率是很高的。

同时，英语二中虚拟语气也是个考点。

但是其形式多，很多考生在判断辨识和使用上有一定难度。

虚拟语气的考点一般在考博中有四大类：if引导的从句类;从句中(should)do句型;特殊句型类以及单用句型类。

在上一讲中我们学习了if 引导的从句这个第一类别。

那下面育明教育陈夏玲老师就此考点带领大家一起继续学习一下更多院校的考博英语真题及其解析或考博英语辅导体验请拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八，加咨询扣扣七七二六七八五三七。

(二)从句中的(should)do句型(1)英语中有些表示要求，建议、提议、命令、意愿等的形容词、动词和名词，其后若跟随有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，从句中的动词要求要用虚拟语气形式，即动词原形或“should+动词原形”。

属于该类的常见形容词有:advisable，desirable,essential, imperative,insistent,keen,necessary,preferable,urgent,vital 等。

例1.If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however,it seems imperative,not only that communications in transport should be improved,but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite.(1989年阅读3)。

北京大学考博英语真题常见长难句翻译方法从近些年的真题中，我们发现命题者有一个非常清楚的或者非常明显的趋势和导向，就是对于比较复杂的句子结构和文章考察的比重加大。

这个体现在各个部分的题型当中，尤其以英译汉部分最为明显。

所以想要抓住获得高分的“核心竞争力”就要着重提高对文章长难句和段落逻辑结构的把握上，再加上一定的应试技巧和策略，才能在考博英语中取得高分。

在此提醒大家要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，将英语的长句分解翻译成汉语的短句，这样翻译做起来就容易得分多了。

需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

在英语长句的翻译过程中，下面六个技巧可以发挥很大的作用：(1)逆序法英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。

在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。

倒置法通常用于英译汉，即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。

例如：It therefore becomes more and more important that,if students are not to waste their opportunities,there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.分析：该句由一个主句，一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成，“……变得越来越重要”是主句，也是全句的中心内容，全句共有三个谓语结构，包含三层含义：A.……变的越来越重要;B.如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会;C.得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。