保时捷维修手册：987_TI_7c

10Chapter 10Suspension and steering systemsGeneralPower steering fluid type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .See Chapter 1Torque wrench settingsNmlbf ftFront suspension BalljointsRetaining bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 to 6241 to 45Ball stud nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 to 6835 to 50Lower control armSpring pan bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 to 34 19 to 25Pivot nuts/bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 to 6832 to 50Shock absorberLower nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 to 6845 to 50Upper nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 to 4326 to 31Anti-roll barBushing bracket boltsUpper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 to 2816 to 20Lower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 to 3018 to 22Link nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 to 6041 to 44Upper control arm pivot nuts/bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 to 7545 to 55Rear suspensionCarrier-to-control arm bolt/nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 to 8051 to 59Rear control arm-to-crossmember bolt/nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 to 10562 to 77Shock absorber/coil spring assemblyLower shock-to-control arm bolt/nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 to 200118 to 147Upper shock-to-body bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 to 2816 to 20SteeringSteering wheel-to-steering shaft nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 to 4526 to 33Steering shaft-to-steering gear pinion shaft U-joint pinch bolt . . . . . . .19 to 2414 to 17Steering gear mounting bracket bolts/nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 to 2919 to 21Tie-rod end-to-steering knuckle nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 to 6845 to 50Anti-roll bar (front) - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Balljoints - check and renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Coil spring (front) - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Control arm (rear) - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Front wheel bearing - check, repack and adjustment . .See Chapter 1General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Hub and bearing (rear) - renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Hub carrier (rear) - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Lower control arm - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Power steering fluid level check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .See Chapter 1Power steering pump - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Power steering system - bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Self-levelling rear suspension system - general information . . . . . . .2Shock absorber (front) - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Shock absorber/coil spring (rear) - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . .10Steering and suspension check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .See Chapter 1Steering gear - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Steering gear boots - renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Steering knuckle - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Steering wheel - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Suspension and steering checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .See Chapter 1Tie-rod ends - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Tyre and tyre pressure checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .See Chapter 1Tyre rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .See Chapter 1Upper control arm - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Wheel alignment - general information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Wheel bearing lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .See Chapter 1Wheels and tyres - general information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20SpecificationsContentsDegrees of difficulty1.2 Front suspension (left corner)1Anti-roll bar bushing bracket 2Anti-roll bar link 3Anti-roll bar 4Coil spring pan 5Lower control arm 6Coil spring7Upper control arm 8Lower balljoint 9Steering knuckle 10Tie-rod end 11Tie-rod12Steering gear boot10•2Suspension and steering systems1.1 Front suspension and steering systems1Anti-roll bar2Anti-roll bar bushing brackets 3Anti-roll bar links4Lower control arms 5Steering knuckles 6Tie-rod ends 7Tie-rods 8Steering gear boots 9Steering gear10Suspension crossmember11Lower control arm crossbrace1General informationWarning: Whenever any of thesuspension or steering fastenersare loosened or removed, theymust be inspected and if necessary, replaced with new ones of the same part number or of original equipment quality and design. Torque wrench settings must be followed for proper reassembly and component retention. Never attempt to heat, straighten or weld any suspension or steering component. Instead, renew any bent or damaged part.The front suspension (see illustrations) consists of unequal-length upper and lower control arms, shock absorbers and coil springs. The upper ends of the shocks are attached to the body; the lower ends are attached to the lower control arms. The upper ends of the coil springs are seated against the suspension crossmember; the lower ends are seated against removable plates which are bolted to the lower control arms. The steering knuckles are attached to balljoints in the upper and lower control arms. An anti-roll bar is attached to the suspension crossmember with a pair of bushing brackets and to the lower control arms via a connecting link at each end.The independent rear suspension (seeillustration)uses control arms and integralshock absorber/coil spring units. The upperends of the shocks are attached to the body;the lower ends are connected to the controlarms.The steering system consists of thesteering wheel, a steering column, a universaljoint on the lower end of the steering shaft, arack-and-pinion power steering gear, a powersteering pump and a pair of tie-rods whichconnects the steering gear to the steeringknuckles (see illustration).2Self-levelling rearsuspension system1988 to 1992 models were equipped with asystem that provided hydraulic power for therear suspension and for the power brakes. Asthe vehicle is loaded or unloaded, the rearsuspension is automatically adjusted tomaintain a constant ride height.The system was discontinued on 1993 andlater models, which are equipped withconventional shock absorber/coil spring units.A kit is available from your Jaguar dealershould you decide to retrofit the later,conventional shocks to a pre-1993 vehicle.Complete instructions for refitting the kit areincluded in Section 10.3Anti-roll bar (front)-removal and refitting21Raise the front of the vehicle and support itsecurely on axle stands.2Remove the bolts from the anti-roll barbrackets that attach the anti-roll bar to thesuspension crossmember (see illustration).3Remove the nuts that attach the anti-rollbar to the links (see illustration). If you’rereplacing the links themselves, or removingthe control arm, remove the nuts attaching thelinks to the lower control arms.Suspension and steering systems 10•3101.3 Rear suspension1 Hub carrier2 Control arms3 Crossmember mounting brackets4 Crossmember3.2 To detach the anti-roll bar from thesuspension crossmember, remove thesetwo bolts (arrowed) from each bushingbracket4Remove the anti-roll bar from the vehicle.5Refitting is the reverse of the removal procedure. Be sure to tighten all fasteners to the torque listed in this Chapter’s Specifications.4Shock absorber (front)-removal and refitting2Note: Always renew both left and right shocks at the same time to prevent handling peculiarities and abnormal ride quality.1Loosen but do not remove the front wheel nuts. Raise the front of the vehicle and support it on axle stands. Remove the wheels. 2Support the lower control arm with a trolley jack (see illustration). Place a block of wood between the jack head and the control arm to protect the arm and spring plate.3Remove the nut and bolt that attach the lower end of the shock absorber to the lower control arm (see illustration).4Remove the nut that attaches the upper end of the shock to the body (see illustration).5Remove the shock absorber.6Refitting is the reverse of removal. Tighten the fasteners to the torque listed in this Chapter’s Specifications.5Balljoints- check and renewal3Check1Raise the vehicle and support it securely onaxle stands.2Visually inspect the rubber boot betweenthe balljoints and the steering knuckle forcuts, tears or leaking grease. If you note anyof these conditions, renew the balljoint.3Place a large crowbar between eachcontrol arm and the steering knuckle. If youcan see or feel any movement during eithercheck, a worn-out balljoint is indicated.4Have an assistant grasp the tyre at the topand bottom and shake the top of the tyre withan in-and-out motion. Touch the balljoint studnut. If any looseness is felt, suspect a worn-out balljoint stud or a widened hole in thesteering knuckle. If the latter problem exists,the steering knuckle should be replaced aswell as the balljoint.Renewal5Loosen the wheel nuts, raise the vehicleand support it securely on axle stands.Remove the wheel.6Support the lower control arm with a trolleyjack (see illustration 4.2). Place a block ofwood between the jack head and the controlarm as shown to protect the arm and springplate.Upper balljoint7Loosen - but don’t remove - the ball studnut, fit a small puller (see illustration)andpop the ball stud loose from the steeringknuckle.8Remove the two bolts that attach theballjoint to the upper arm (see illustration).Count the number of shims installed and setthem aside.9Refitting is the reverse of removal. Don’tforget to refit the same number of shims.Tighten the bolts to the torque listed in thisChapter’s Specifications.10Remove the jack from under the controlarm, refit the front wheel, lower the vehicleand tighten the wheel nuts to the torque listedin the Chapter 1 Specifications. Drive thevehicle to an alignment workshop to have thewheel alignment checked, and if necessary,adjusted.Lower balljoint11Loosen - but don’t remove - the ball studnut, then give the steering knuckle a fewsharp raps with a hammer to pop the ball studloose (see illustration). Remove the ball studnut.10•4Suspension and steering systems3.3 To disconnect the anti-roll bar from the link, remove the upper nut (arrowed); to disconnect the link from the lower controlarm, remove the lower nut (arrowed)4.2 Support the lower control arm with a jack; put a block of wood between the jack head and the control arm to protect thearm and coil spring plate4.3 To disconnect the lower end of the shock absorber from the lower controlarm, remove this nut and bolt4.4 To disconnect the upper end of theshock absorber from the body, remove thisnut (arrowed)5.7 To detach the upper balljoint from thesteering knuckle, loosen the ballstud nut,fit a small puller and break the ballstudloose from the knuckle5.8 Remove the bolts and shims from theupper balljoint; be sure to put the shimsback when refitting the new balljoint12Remove the four balljoint retaining bolts (see illustration).13If the dust boot is damaged, pry it out (see illustration).14Remove the balljoint.15Refitting is the reverse of removal. Tighten the balljoint bolts and the ball stud nut to the torque listed in this Chapter’s Specifications. 16Remove the jack from under the control arm, refit the front wheel. Lower the vehicle and tighten the wheel nuts to the torque listed in the Chapter 1 Specifications.6Steering knuckle- removal and refitting31Loosen the wheel nuts, raise the front of the vehicle and place it securely on axle stands. Remove the wheel.2Remove the front brake caliper and mounting bracket (see Chapter 9). Do not disconnect the brake hose. Hang the caliper out of the way with a piece of wire.3Remove the brake disc (see Chapter 9).4Remove the ABS sensor (see illustration). 5Remove the brake shield (see illustration). 6Disconnect the tie-rod end from the steering knuckle (see Section 15).7Disconnect the upper and lower balljoints from the steering knuckle (see Section 5).8Remove the steering knuckle.9Refitting is the reverse of removal. Tighten the balljoint nuts and the tie-rod end nuts to the specified torque. Tighten the brake fasteners to the torque values listed in the Chapter 9 Specifications.7Upper control arm- removal and refitting31Loosen the wheel nuts, raise the vehicle and support it securely on axle stands. Remove the wheel.2Support the lower control arm with a trolley jack (see illustration 4.2).3Disconnect the upper balljoint from the steering knuckle (see Section 5).4If you’re removing the right upper controlarm on a vehicle equipped with the powerhydraulic system, remove the three Torxscrews which attach the accumulator (seeillustration)and push the assembly aside justfar enough to clear the pivot bolt.5Remove the upper control arm pivot boltand nut (see illustration). When removing thenut, note the number of washers used and theorder in which they’re installed. Put theseparts in a plastic bag.6Remove the upper control arm. Inspect thebushings at either end of the arm and renewthem if they’re damaged or worn.7Refitting is the reverse of removal. Be sureto refit the washers in the same order in whichthey were removed. Raise the suspensionwith the trolley jack to simulate normal rideheight, then tighten the upper control armpivot bolt and nut to the torque listed in thisChapter’s Specifications.8Coil spring (front)-removal and refitting3Warning: The coil springs cannotbe removed without a specialspring compressor tool (Jaguartool JD115). Do not try to removea coil spring without this special tool. If youdo, you could be seriously injured.1Loosen the wheel nuts, raise the vehicleSuspension and steering systems 10•5105.11 Strike the steering knuckle in this area to pop the lower ball stud loose fromthe steering knuckle 5.12 To detach the lower balljoint from thelower control arm, remove these four bolts(arrowed)5.13 To detach the dust boot from thesteering knuckle, pry the lower lip of theboot out of its groove in the knuckle6.5 To detach the brake shield from thesteering knuckle, remove these threescrews (arrowed)6.4 To detach the ABS sensor from thesteering knuckle, remove this bolt7.4 Remove these three Torx screws(arrowed) and move the accumulatorassembly to the side a little to provideclearance for pulling out the pivot bolt7.5 To detach the upper control arm fromthe crossmember, remove the nut (at therear) and pull the bolt out from the front;note the fitted order of the spacer washersand support it securely on axle stands. Remove the wheel.2Refit the special spring compressor tool (JD115) as shown (see illustrations).3Tighten the tool until the spacer is tight against the spring pan, then remove the spring pan bolts (see illustration).4Slowly back off the wingnut on the special tool until all tension is relieved from the spring. Remove the tool, remove the pan, and remove the coil spring.5Refitting is the reverse of removal. Place the coil spring in position with the spring pan below it, refit the special tool and carefully tighten the wingnut until the spring is compressed enough to allow the pan to be positioned and bolted to the lower control arm. Be sure to tighten the pan bolts to the torque listed in this Chapter’s Specifications. 9Lower control arm-removal and refitting3Warning: The lower control armscannot be removed without aspecial spring compressor tool(Jaguar tool JD115). Do not try to remove a lower control arm without this tool, or you could be seriously injured.1Loosen the wheel nuts, raise the vehicleand support it securely on axle stands.Remove the wheel.2Remove the spring pan and the coil spring(see Section 8).3Detach the steering gear (see Section 17)and lower it far enough to provide clearancefor the lower control arm pivot bolt.4Remove the pivot bolt and nut (seeillustration). Note any washers behind the nutand store them in a plastic bag.5Remove the lower control arm.6Refitting is the reverse of removal. Be sureto refit any washers removed. Raise thesuspension with the trolley jack to simulatenormal ride height, then tighten the pivot boltand nut to the torque listed in this Chapter’sSpecifications. Refer to Section 8 for coilspring refitting.10Shock absorber/coil spring(rear)- removal and refitting3Note 1: Always renew both left and rightshocks at the same time to prevent handlingpeculiarities and abnormal ride quality.Note 2:If you’re replacing the shock absorberson an earlier vehicle with the self-levellingsystem, we strongly recommend (and so doesJaguar) that you renew the self-levelling unitswith conventional units (available at the dealeras a retrofit kit for older vehicles equipped withthe self-levelling system).1Loosen the rear wheel nuts. Raise the rearof the vehicle and support it securely on axlestands. Remove the rear wheels. Support thecontrol arm with a trolley jack. Place a block ofwood on the jack head to serve as a cushion.2If you are removing/replacing the shocks ona vehicle equipped with the self-levelling rearsuspension system, depressurise the systemby pumping the brake pedal until it feels hardto push (this dissipates the pressure inside theaccumulator), then locate the hydraulic linevalve block just in front of the upper end of theleft rear shock (see illustration). Attach aplastic hose to the bleeder screw (seeillustration), put the other end of the hose in acatch bottle, crack the bleeder and drain offas much fluid as possible. Disconnect thehydraulic line that connects the left shock tothe valve block. Now locate the other valveblock just in front of the right rear shock;disconnect the hydraulic line that connectsthe right shock to this valve block too.3Remove the lower shock absorber-to-control arm nut and bolt (see illustration).4Remove the upper mounting bolts (seeillustration)and remove the shockabsorber/coil spring assembly.10•6Suspension and steering systems9.4 To detach the lower control arm from the crossmember, remove this nut and bolt (arrowed) (unbolt and lower the steeringgear before you can pull out the pivot bolt)10.2a On a vehicle equipped with self-levelling rear suspension, the valve block(arrowed) for the left rear shock is locatedjust in front of the shock absorber10.2b After depressurising the system,attach a bleed hose to the bleed screw onthe left valve block, open the bleed anddrain any residual fluid into a catch bottle8.2a When refitting the spring compressor tool (JD115), insert the upper end of therod into the cross-shaped slot in the suspension crossmember, then rotate the rod 90°so this pin on the upper end of thetool locks into the crossmember8.2b This is how the spring compressortool (JD115) looks when it’s installed; notehow the offset collet is oriented so that it’sflush with the coil spring pan8.3 To detach the coil spring pan from thelower control arm, compress the springand remove these six bolts (arrowed)5The shock/coil spring assemblies must be dismantled, and the coil springs installed on the new shocks. Although the shock/coil spring assembly is similar in appearance to the a MacPherson strut/coil spring assembly, the spring on this unit is much stiffer. Therefore, DO NOT attempt to take apart this unit yourself with a strut spring compressor tool. Instead, take the unit to a Jaguar dealer service department or to a Jaguar specialist workshop and have the springs installed on the new shocks by professionals.6If you are retrofitting conventional shocks -rather than refitting the same or another pairof self-levelling shocks - unplug the electricalconnector at the ride height sensor, and fillthe connector with silicone (see illustration)to prevent it from shorting out and causingelectrical problems. Then disconnect andremove all hydraulic lines (see illustrations).7Refitting is the reverse of removal. Be sureto tighten all fasteners to the torque valueslisted in this Chapter’s Specifications.8Remove the jack supporting the controlarm, refit the rear wheels and lower thevehicle.9Tighten the rear wheel nuts to the torquelisted in the Chapter 1 Specifications.10If you retrofitted conventional shocks to avehicle formerly equipped with the self-levelling rear suspension system, disconnectthe forward end of the hydraulic line from thevalve block and refit the plug included in thekit (see illustrations). Then finish removingthe forward section of hydraulic line and thebrackets for the line (see illustration).Suspension and steering systems 10•71010.6a Where applicable, unplug the connector to the ride height sensor and fillthe connector with silicone . . .10.6b . . . then disconnect and removeboth valve blocks . . .10.6c . . . and remove all associatedplumbing, including the metal line (arrow) tothe valve block in the engine compartment10.3 To detach the bottom of the shock absorber/coil spring fromthe control arm, remove this nut and bolt, then pull out the bolt 10.4 To detach the top of the shock absorber/coil spring from thebody, remove these bolts (arrowed) - not all bolts are visible here10.10a After the vehicle has been lowered,disconnect the forward end of thehydraulic line from the valve block . . .10.10b . . . refit the plug included in theretrofit kit . . .10.10c . . . then remove these bracketscrews (arrowed), the brackets and theforward section of hydraulic line11If you installed another pair of self-levelling shocks, or removed and installed the same pair of self-levelling shocks, be sure to top up the power hydraulic system reservoir (see Chapter 1).11Hub carrier (rear)- removal and refitting41Loosen the wheel nuts, raise the rear of the vehicle and support it securely on axle stands. Remove the wheel.2Remove the rear caliper and brake pads, the caliper bracket, the brake disc, the handbrake cable and the handbrake shoe assembly (see Chapter 9).3Disconnect the outer end of the propshaft from the hub carrier (see Chapter 8).4Remove the ABS sensor, the ABS harness clip and cut off the cable tie which secures the ABS harness to the carrier (see illustration). 5Remove the nut and bolt which attach the carrier to the control arm (see illustration).6Remove the hub carrier assembly.7Refitting is the reverse of removal. Be sure to tighten all fasteners to the torque values listed in this Chapter’s Specifications.12Hub and bearing (rear)-renewal4If you want to renew the rear hub and bearing assembly (or the ABS trigger wheel), remove the hub carrier (see Section 11), then take the carrier to a Jaguar dealer service department or to an automotive machine workshop. These parts require a hydraulic press and special fixtures to dismantle and reassemble.13Control arm (rear)-removal and refitting41Loosen the wheel nuts, raise the rear of thevehicle and support it securely on axle stands.Remove the wheel.2Remove the rear caliper and brake pads,the caliper bracket, the brake disc, thehandbrake cable and the handbrake shoeassembly (see Chapter 9).3Disconnect the outer end of the propshaftfrom the hub carrier (see Chapter 8).4Disconnect the lower end of the shockabsorber/coil spring assembly from thecontrol arm (see Section 10).5Remove the hub carrier (see Section 11).6Remove the control arm pivot bolt nut (seeillustration).7Support the differential/crossmemberassembly with a trolley jack. Place a block ofwood between the jack head and thedifferential to protect the differential.Disconnect the lower end of the differentialtie-bar (see illustration)and carefully lowerthe differential crossmember just enough toallow the control arm pivot bolt to be pulledout to the rear without hitting the boot well.8Remove the control arm.9Inspect the control arm pivot bolt bushings.If they’re cracked, dried out or torn, take thearm to an automotive machine workshop andhave them replaced.10Refitting is the reverse of removal. Tightenall suspension fasteners to the torque listed inthis Chapter’s Specifications. Tighten allbrake fasteners to the torque listed in theChapter 9 Specifications.14Steering wheel-removal and refitting1Warning: If your car is equippedwith an airbag, do not attemptthis procedure. Have it done by adealer service department orother qualified repair workshop.1Disconnect the negative battery cable.Caution: If the radio in your vehicle isequipped with an anti-theft system, make10•8Suspension and steering systems13.6 Hold the pivot bolt and unscrewthe nut 13.7 Remove this nut (arrowed) and bolt from the lower end of each tie-bar (rightabove the control arm pivot)11.4 Before detaching the hub carrier from the rear control arm, remove the ABS sensor (left arrow), detach the ABS harness clip(right arrow) and cut the cable tie securing the harness 11.5 To detach the hub carrier from the rear control arm, removethe carrier-to-control arm nut and boltsure you have the correct activation code before disconnecting the battery.2Pry off the centre pad (see illustration).3Remove the steering wheel nut and mark the relationship of the steering wheel hub to the shaft (see illustration).4Slide the steering wheel off the steering shaft (see illustration).5Refitting is the reverse of removal. Make sure you align the match marks you made on the steering wheel and the shaft. Tighten the steering wheel nut to the torque listed in this Chapter’s Specifications.15Tie-rod ends- removal and refitting21Loosen the wheel nuts, raise the front of the vehicle and support it securely on axle stands. Remove the front wheel.2Back off the locknut that locks the tie-rod end to the tie-rod, then paint an alignment mark on the threads to ensure the new tie-rod end is installed in the same position (see illustration).3Loosen the nut on the tie-rod ball stud, then fit a small puller and pop the ball stud loose (see illustration). Remove the nut and separate the ball stud from the steering knuckle. Unscrew the tie-rod end from the tie-rod.4Refitting is the reverse of removal. Make sure you thread the tie-rod end all the way up to the mark on the threads, but no further. Tighten the ball stud nut to the torque listed in this Chapter’s Specifications. Tighten the locknut securely.5Have the toe-in checked and, if necessary, adjusted at a dealer service department or alignment workshop.16Steering gear boots- renewal21Remove the tie-rod ends (see Section 15).2Cut the boot clamps at both ends of the oldboots (see illustration)and slide off theboots.3While the boots are removed, inspect theseals in the end of the steering gear. If they’releaking, have them replaced by a dealerservice department or other qualified repairworkshop, or replace the steering gear with anew or rebuilt unit (see Section 17).4Slide the new boots into place and refit newboot clamps.5Refit the tie-rod ends (see Section 15).Suspension and steering systems 10•91014.4 To remove the steering wheel,simply pull it straight off15.2 Back off this locknut and mark thethreads to ensure that the new tie-rod endis installed properly15.3 Loosen the ball stud nut, fit a smallpuller and pop the ball stud loose from thesteering knuckle14.2 To remove the centre pad from the steering wheel,simply pry it off14.3 After removing the steering wheel nut, make a pair of alignment marks on the steering wheel and steering shaft toensure proper reassembly16.2 Cut off the boot clamps (arrowed)and slide the boot off the steering gear。

2011款保时捷卡宴电器系统车间维修手册（下册）97 电缆 Cayenne 9PA电缆9700IN 测量闭路电流工具名称类型编号说明P 9718PIWIS 检测仪专用工具工具必须用 PIWIS 检测仪 P 9718模拟式电流表或带长集成时间的数字式万用表(用于滤除电压峰值)来测量闭路电流。

数字式万用表在车辆上进行的准备工作笔记在测量闭路电流之前,请先确定车辆设备(I-编号),并借助附表的帮助来确定预期的闭路电流。

闭路电流的测量只能在冷车(发动机&制动器)上进行。

1. 关闭车辆上的所有车门及盖。

测量闭路电流页 530打印在德国,11/0697 电缆 Cayenne 9PA2. 读取故障记忆,必要时删除所显示的故障。

3. 断开蓄电池。

连接测量设备1. 使用鳄鱼夹将测量设备连接至蓄电池接地设备及车身接地设备。

2. 拔掉车身的接地端,并与车身牢牢接触。

现在,车辆的所有电流都会流过电流表。

测量请选择一个测量范围,确保仪表指针在刻度较大值一端的三分之一处(越大越好)。

在不中断的情况下切换测量范围。

在表中指定的等待时间段后,读取测量值。

1. 打开点火开关 10 秒钟。

2. 关闭点火开关。

3. 打开驾驶员侧车门并在车门开启时用螺丝刀封闭旋转锁销。

4. 用中控锁遥控器锁住车辆,关闭乘客席监控(在 1 秒内按遥控器按钮两次)。

5. 读取闭路电流。

笔记如果闭路电流值高于表中规定的值,则要系统地分析其原因。

推荐的故障诊断程序: 采用所连接的测量装置,先后拆下端子30的保险丝以及继电器。

注意拆卸保险丝和继电器时测量装置上显示的值,以检测电流的减小。

可能的测量值变化范围大约是 20%。

表中列出的值取决于蓄电池状况、室温和发动机温度。

读取测量范围:车辆锁定至少 20 分钟后,才读取测量范围。

mA从到20 分钟。

直到蓄电池没电最多 35测量闭路电流页 531打印在德国,11/0697 电缆 Cayenne 9PA控制单元设备闭合电路电流 mA0.3DME(电机)标准0.424分动箱(纵向锁)标准0.424横向锁0.5自动变速器标准ESP 0.5标准0.425空气悬架0.5驾驶员座椅(带记忆)0.5乘客座椅(带记忆)0.2空调标准0.5辅助加热器0.5倒车辅助1.9Kessy控制单元(带无线电遥控, 无防盗系统/遥控模块)2.8Kessy控制单元(带无线电遥控, 无防盗系统/“Keyless Go”(无钥匙启动))0.3安全气囊标准1车辆电气系统标准0.1拖车 Westfalia0.5风挡刮水器标准0.5轮胎压力控制0.55电气可调节转向柱3组合仪表标准0.25驾驶员侧前门(无驾驶员侧 & 乘标准客侧车门 LED)0.25乘客侧前门标准0.25左后门标准0.25右后门标准1.4带(不带)蓄电池喇叭的后部控制单元0.5全景式天窗0.5收音机 CDR232.4PCM(CDR 23 的更高速档)0.11导航(PCM 的更高速档)测量闭路电流页 532打印在德国,11/0697 电缆 Cayenne 9PA 0.95CD 换碟机0.03天线放大器0.2电话/车载信息系统0.5后部娱乐设备0.3放大器3.6乘客席监控倾斜传感器0.05选档杆模块1.62蓄电池喇叭1拖车防盗控制6. 接上蓄电池并读出故障记忆。

技术信息911(996)小组3动力传输©Dr.Ing.h.c.F.Porsche AG使用保时捷车辆车间文件的前提条件这些数据包括：保时捷车辆的技术信息和修理说明，以及培训文件。

这些说明信息仅供车间和车间工作人员使用。

笔记•Dr.Ing.h.c.F.Porsche AG保留对版权的独家所有权。

•不得转交给第三方。

•若无Dr.Ing.h.c.F.Porsche AG的明确同意，不得复制图片和文字或将它们用于其他电子或印刷出版物。

修理保时捷车辆的一般前提条件这些说明是正确地进行专业化保养与修理的基础。

所介绍的这些工作过程的内容要求装配工人对产品有全面的了解并接受过一定程度的培训。

装配工人在进行任何工作之前，必须已经通过Dr.Ing.h.c.F.Porsche AG 专门为熟悉产品和装配而设立的培训计划和课程获得有关产品的知识。

掌握这种知识水平是执行所述工作的前提。

如果在未掌握这些知识的情况下进行所述的修理工作，Dr.Ing.h.c.F.Porsche AG概不负责。

保时捷车辆车身作业的前提条件所介绍的修理工作仅适用于标准情况。

只限专门从事车身修理的熟练人员进行此类工作。

车间应根据损坏的总体情况，自行判断是否可将车辆恢复成正常状况。

保时捷车辆的修理工作需要使用Dr.Ing.h.c. F.Porsche AG推荐和批准的工具和车间设备。

必须根据Dr.Ing.h.c.F.Porsche AG的钣金、喷漆和防蚀/防腐工作说明正确实施所有车身修理工作。

警告注释和安全指南警告注释和安全指南按警告符号旁边的相应提示文字（危险、警告、注意）分类。

危险如不遵守操作说明则必然导致死亡或重伤的警告。

警告如不遵守操作说明则可能会导致死亡或重伤的警告。

注意如不遵守操作说明则会导致轻伤或财产损失的警告。

为防止由于工作不当而导致伤害、损失车辆性能和交通安全性、或者损坏车辆，请仔细阅读这些警告注释和安全指南并严格遵守。

Dr.Ing.h.c.F.Porsche AG不可能为执行此项工作的人详细评估所有的危险状况。

as of 2014modelVehicle Ident.No.Work instruction for order no.o Maintenance at 40000,80000,120000,160000km /24000,48000,72000,96000miles etc.(Labour operation:031600..)For descriptions of the individual maintenance tasks,see PIWIS Information System Workshop Manual Note:If the mileage for a regular service is not reached,maintenance must be carried out after 4,8,12......years.The term "checking"includes all necessary subsequent work,such as adjusting,readjusting,correcting and topping up,but does not include repairing,replacing and reconditioning parts or assemblies.üElectricsWindscreen wiper/washer system,headlight cleaning system:check functionHorn:check functionTyres:check tyre pressure (TPM)Diagnostic system:read out fault memory;reset maintenance intervalInside the vehicleParticle filter:replace filter elementSeat belts:check function and conditionDoor locks:check functionLuggage compartmentCheck front lid lock and safety hook of the front lid to ensure that they are secure and function properly Replace air intake pre-filterWindscreen wiper/washer system:check fluid level;check window cleaner and antifreeze,depending on time of year,only use windscreen cleaners approved by PorscheOutside the vehicleMix fuel in fuel tank with additive [Keropur from Porsche,Part No.00004320689(China only)]Check wiper bladesAll headlights:check adjustmentRadiators and air intakes:visual inspection for external contamination and blockageBrake system:check brake pads and brake discs for wearBrake hoses:visual inspection for damageCheck central lock on wheelsUnder the vehicleDrain engine oilChange oil filterUnderbody panels:visual inspection for completeness,secure installation and damageTyres:check conditionVisual inspection for leaks from underneath (oils and other fluids)Brake lines:visual inspection for damage,routing and corrosionSteering gear:visual inspection of the bellows for damageTie rod joints:check play and dust bellowsDrive shafts:visual inspection of the boots for leaks and damageAxle joints:check the play and visually inspect the dust boots for damageRear-axle steering:check bellows,dust boots and play on jointsCheck that threaded connections for chassis adjustment at front and rear are secureCheck vehicle heightExhaust system:visual inspection for leaks and damage,check engine mountControl boxes for exhaust flaps:check functionas of 2014modelVehicle Ident.No.Work instruction for order no.Engine compartmentAir cleaner:replace filter elementsReplace drive beltFill in engine oilThrottle housing:clean inside (China only)Fuel lines and connections:visual inspectionCoolant:check level and antifreeze*For country allocation,see overview of A,B and C marketsas of 2014modelVehicle Ident.No.Work instructionfor order no.o Additional maintenance every 2years (Labour operation:035100..)Change brake fluid (use only original Porsche brake fluid)Prepare condition report for long-life guaranteeTyre sealing compound:check use-by date and replace if necessaryo Additional maintenance for spark plugs every 20000km /12000miles or every year(Labour operation:038100..)Replace spark plugso Additional maintenance every 80000km /48000mls or every 6years(Labour operation:038200..)PDK transmission:change clutch fluido Additional maintenance every 120000km /72000mls or every 4years(Labour operation:038500..)Ancillary unit mounts and chassis:visual inspection of all rubber mountings and boots for damageo Additional maintenance every 160000km /96000mls or every 12years(Labour operation:038600..)PDK transmission:change transmission oilSignature (mechanic):Test drive:Remote control,front seats,electric parking brake and foot brake (also actuation travel),engine,steering,transmission,cruise control,ESC Off switch,ESC +TC Off switch,PASM switch,PDK Sport switch,Lift switch,sports exhaust system,heating,air conditioning and instruments:check functionOils,fluids:visual inspection for leaksSignature (final check):Porsche Centre。

Vehicle Ident. No. _______________________Working instruction for order no.! Maintenanceat 60,000, 120,000, 180,000, 240,000 km etc./36,000, 72,000, 108,000, 144,000 miles etc.(Labour operation 03 16 00 ..)For a description of the various models, see Technical Manual Mix fuel in fuel tank with additive (Keropur from Porsche; Part No. 000 043 206 89)The term 'checking' includes all necessary subsequent work, such as adjusting, readjusting, correcting and topping up, but does not include repairing, replacing and reconditioning parts or assemblies.Change engine oil and oil filter (please observe oil change service plan for the 911 Carrera, Boxster and Cayman)"Note: If the mileage for a regular service is not reached, maintenance must be carried out after 4, 8, 12...... years.911 Carrera (997), 911 Carrera S (997)Boxster (987), Boxster S (987)as of 2009 modelDiagnostic system: read out fault memory; reset maintenance intervalVehicle underbody and engine compartment:visual inspection for leaks (oils and fluids)and chafing damage (lines and hoses)Continued overleaf Copyright byElectrical equipment, warning and indicator lights: check operationVehicle lighting: check operationAll headlights: check adjustmentHorn: check operationHandbrake: check free play of handbrake leverExhaust system: visual inspection for leaks and damage, check engine mountBrake hoses and lines: visual inspection for leaks, damage, routing and corrosionSteering gear: visual inspection of the bellows for damageTie rod joints: check the play and dust bootsSeat belts: check operation and conditionAir cleaner: replace filter elementFuel system: visual inspection for damage, routing and secure fit of line connectionsParticle filter: replace filter elementDrive shafts: visual inspection of the boots for leaks and damageBrake system: visual inspection of the brake pads and brake discs for wearTyres: check condition and tyre pressureCheck the door locks, lid locks and safety hooks of the front lid to ensure that they are secure and functioning properly Axle joints: check the play and visually inspect the dust boots for damageVehicle underbody and engine compartment: visual inspection for leaks (oils and fluids) and chafing damage (lines and hoses)Underbody panels: visual inspection for completeness, secure installation and damageCoolant hoses: check conditionRadiators and air inlets: visual inspection for external contamination and blockageCoolant: check level and antifreezeWindscreen wiper/washer system, headlight cleaning system: check fluid level and nozzle settings,check antifreeze in winter months; check wiper bladesReplace spark plugs: see Additional maintenanceBattery: check functional state and fluid levelpy g y Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AGAfter Sales EngineeringPrinted in Germany - 11/08Vehicle Ident. No. _______________________Working instruction for order no.! Additional maintenance for spark plugs(Labour operation 03 81 00 ..)"! Additional maintenance for drive belt (Labour operation 03 60 00 ..)! Additional maintenance for convertible top(Labour operation 03 70 00 ..)! Additional maintenance every 90,000 km/54,000 miles or every 6 years (Labour operation 03 83 00 ..)as of 2009 modelService and maintain convertible top (911 Carrera only)every 30,000 km/18,000 miles or every 2 years Replace spark plugs every 30,000 km/18,000 miles or every 4 years Check drive belt every 60,000 km/36,000 miles or every 4 years every 150,000 km/90,000 miles or every 10 years Check drive beltCheck drive belt every 240,000 km/144,000 miles or every 16 years Boxster (987), Boxster S (987)R l d i b lt911 Carrera (997), 911 Carrera S (997)Controlled all-wheel (only Carrera 4) : change oil! Additional maintenance every 180,000 km/108,000 miles or every 12 years(Labour operation 03 88 00 ..)! Every 2 yearsFile condition report for long-life guarantee! Every 4 years! After 4 years, then every 2 years! After 4, 8, 10 years, then every 2 yearsSignature (mechanic): _______________________________Test drive:Oils, fluids: visual inspection for leaksSignature (final check): _________________________Remote control, front seats, footbrake and handbrake (also actuation travel), engine, clutch, steering, transmission, ParkAssist, cruise control, PSM switch, PASM switch, Sport switch, heating, air conditioning and instruments: check operation Manual transmission: change oilAncillary unit mounts and suspension: visual inspection of all rubber mountings and boots for damageChange brake fluidReplace tyre sealantCheck tyre pressure monitoring system batteryPDK transmission: change clutch fluidReplace drive belt PDK transmission: change transmission oilAll-wheel final drive: change oil (911 Carrera only)Copyright byDr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AGAfter Sales EngineeringPrinted in Germany - 11/08Porsche Centre。

Panamera驾驶手册WK D970 00 93 15P a n a m e r aPorsche、保时捷盾徽、Panamera、PCCB、PCM、PDK、PTM、PSM、Tiptronic 和 Tequipment 均为Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG（保时捷股份有限公司）的注册商标。

未经 Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG（保时捷股份有限公司）书面授权，不得以任何形式对本手册进行翻印、摘录或复印。

© Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG（保时捷股份有限公司）Porscheplatz 1D-70435 Stuttgart行车参考文件请将此文件随车携带，并在转售车辆时移交给新的车主。

建议如果您对您的车辆或本行车参考文件有任何疑问、建议或想法，请与我们联系：Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG（保时捷股份有限公司）Vertrieb Customer RelationsPorscheplatz 1D-70435 Stuttgart装备由于我们一直都在不断进行创新与开发，因此您车辆的实际装备和规格可能与本驾驶手册中的图示或描述有所不同。

在我们出售的车辆中，某些装备的部件可能属于选装配置，或者根据法律要求或国家/地区的不同而有所不同。

您的保时捷 Porsche 中心将乐于为您提供有关此类装备的改装建议。

如果您的保时捷 Porsche 安装了任何本手册中未描述的装备，为您服务的Porsche中心将乐于提供相关的正确操作及保养建议。

由于各个国家/地区的法律要求不同，您车辆上的装备可能与本驾驶手册中的描述略有不同。

Panamera S E-Hybrid有关 Panamera S E-Hybrid 的信息，请参见单独的驾驶手册增补。

请特别注意警告及安全指南。

安全气囊警告标签如果在乘客侧座椅上装有儿童保护系统，存在乘客侧安全气囊被触发导致严重甚至致命伤害的风险。

保时捷981保养手册（原创版）目录一、保时捷 981 简介二、保时捷 981 保养的重要性三、保时捷 981 保养手册的主要内容四、保养手册的使用建议五、总结正文一、保时捷 981 简介保时捷 981 是保时捷公司推出的一款经典跑车，以其卓越的性能和优雅的外观深受消费者喜爱。

作为一款高性能车辆，保时捷 981 的保养尤为重要，不仅能够保证车辆的正常运行，还能够延长其使用寿命。

二、保时捷 981 保养的重要性保时捷 981 作为一款高端跑车，其保养的重要性不言而喻。

只有定期进行正确的保养，才能够确保车辆的性能和安全性。

同时，保养还能够提高车辆的使用寿命，让车辆保持良好的运行状态。

三、保时捷 981 保养手册的主要内容保时捷 981 保养手册主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1.保养周期：保时捷 981 的保养周期通常为每 10000 公里或每年一次，以先到者为准。

2.保养内容：保时捷 981 的保养内容包括机油更换、空气滤清器更换、燃油滤清器更换、刹车油更换、防冻液更换等。

3.保养注意事项：在保养过程中，需要注意的事项包括选择适合的车辆机油、使用原厂配件等。

四、保养手册的使用建议在使用保时捷 981 保养手册时，有以下几点建议：1.认真阅读保养手册，了解车辆的保养要求和标准。

2.按照保养手册的建议，定期进行保养，确保车辆的性能和安全性。

3.选择正规的保时捷维修中心进行保养，保证保养的质量和效果。

4.在保养过程中，注意保存保养记录，以便日后查询。

五、总结总之，保时捷 981 保养手册是车主进行车辆保养的重要参考，只有按照手册的要求进行定期、正确的保养，才能够确保车辆的性能和安全性，延长车辆的使用寿命。