演讲 被遗忘天才 尼古拉特斯拉共16页文档

交流电发电机的勾勒起点，发明鬼才与他的大学生活——《被消失的科学神人‧特斯拉亲笔自传》编按：尼古拉・特斯拉（Nikola Tesla）的父母原本一直希望他继承衣钵、成为一位牧师，然而在他少年时期有次感染了霍乱，被医生宣判可能回天乏术，特斯拉对父亲说：「如果你同意让我去唸工程科系，我也许会好起来。

」于是后来特斯拉的父亲为他安排进入奥地利史泰利亚邦 (Styria) 的格拉兹 (Graz) 理工学院就读，这里也是特斯拉构想交流电发电机的起点。

为不让父亲失望，一天只睡四小时一年的身体调养期结束之后，我被父亲送到奥地利史泰利亚邦(Styria) 的格拉兹(Graz) 理工学院就读，他为我精挑细选了这所历史悠久、声誉卓著的大学。

这是我期待已久的时刻，在充裕奖学金的资助下，开始我的大学学业，我下定决心一定要在课业上有杰出表现。

拜父亲的教导和诸多机会所赐，我的学习底子优于一般学生。

进入大学之前，我已经学会多国语言，也啃读了不同图书馆的藏书，多多少少汲取了有用的资讯。

另外，这是我第一次可以选择喜欢的科系就读，所以画图再也不会成为我的困扰。

我立志要给父母亲一个惊喜，所以第一学年我每天从清晨三点一直读到深夜十一点不间断，连星期假日都不放松片刻。

由于同学们抱着学而不思的松散学习态度，我的学业成绩自然技压群雄。

第一年结束，我通过九科考试，教授们认为我的表现值得给予超越满级分的嘉奖。

特斯拉在大学第一学年为了给父母亲一张荣誉的成绩单，拼命读书。

Pexels我带着这张获得褒扬的成绩单回家，在短暂休息过后，我满心期待着能赢得父亲的称赞，但是看到父亲对于我拼了命博得的荣誉一点都不在意的时候，我深感受伤，这件事几乎扼 ... 了我的斗志和雄心。

但是父亲死后，我发现了一叠信件，全是学校教授寄来的，信上说除非父亲把我带离学校，否则我会因为用功过度而没命，看完后，我悲痛难抑。

大量阅读与讨论，发明构想与科学原理的加成此后，我全神贯注在物理学、力学和数学上，闲暇时间都泡在图书馆里。

科学家特斯拉之谜他制造了飞碟、通古斯大爆炸、预言了两次世界大战、泰坦尼克号沉没。

他死后FBI将他的他的一生，取得了近1000项重大发明，当今的世界科技，仍然在实践他100多年前就已经提出的理念。

究竟是什么原因，让这样一位旷世奇才，生前被刻意打压、死后默默无名，伟大的科学巨匠——尼古拉•特斯拉。

有人把1908年6月30日的通古斯大爆炸，归责于特斯拉，但2008年的科学考察已经说明了它实际上是一次陨星空中爆炸事件。

亚历山大•波波维奇（塞尔维亚科学和环境生态部部长）：“特斯拉是一个非常不同寻常的人，一名斯拉夫科学家，因为有着一长串数目繁多而且不可思议的发明，他被人们看成是自人类有史以来成就最显赫的科学家之一。

”尤里•马祖金（物理数学研究员）：“科学界有一个普遍的共识：人类历史上曾经存在过两个公认的旷世天才——莱昂纳多•达芬奇和尼古拉•特斯拉，他们取得了同样伟大的业绩和惊人的成就。

”特斯拉是美籍西伯利亚人，出生在克罗地亚，在捷克受教育，工作在布达佩斯、巴黎、布拉格、斯特拉斯堡和美国。

他四海为家，有强烈的为全人类服务的意识。

他是我们这个星球电气化领域的先驱，是他发明和创造了交流电系统，发明了电机和高压变压器，对现代世界工业产生了深远影响。

特斯拉创造出了第一台无线电遥控的机器、机器人工程学原理和太阳能发动机、X光设备、电能仪表、车速表、冷光灯、电子钟、电子治疗仪……，这张清单要一直延续下去，他在科学和工程学领域取得了大约1000项发明。

科瓦切维奇（贝尔格莱德大学电力工程系主任）：“人类进入了新的时代，由于科学发展得如此迅猛，以至于数量众多的发明，在发明者有生之年，便已经陈旧过时了；但是特斯拉的发明成果仍然有效，他走在了科学发展的前头。

”全世界的科学发明体系，仍然建立在特斯拉的遗产之上。

他率先提出的概念有：电子显微镜、激光、电视、移动电话，互联网等。

他所从事的某些实验，具有很大的危险性。

1884年，28岁的特斯拉怀着成功的梦想，从欧洲移民美国，踏上了这片陌生的新大陆。

被历史遗忘的天才——前南斯拉夫科学家特斯拉特斯拉在国际上是一个非常有争议的人物，对他毁誉参半，甚至被归结为伪科学家。

特斯拉是上个世纪之初少有的实验通才，他机电工程，无线电工程，流体工程，低温工程，地球物理，真空技术，飞行器技术方面等等都有专利成就。

特斯拉在各个国家的所有专利，包括他所有未曾批准的专利和所有具有专利价值的各种发明，总共加起来有700多项。

特斯拉不仅是科学家，致力于探索和把握的未知自然现象，而且是能工巧将，他的某些实验成就，比如说火球闪电的人工制造，是用今天用最先进的设备，也模仿不出来。

特斯拉最有价值的成就是发现了旋转磁场原理，发明了多相交流供电系统和交流感应电动机。

他的最著名的发明是“特斯拉线圈”，这是一种分布参数高频共振变压器，可以获得上百万伏的高频电压。

他是最早制作成功荧光灯和发现和研究X射线的科学家之一，并首先发现了红宝石激光效应，以及点电子显微镜效应。

特斯拉还是无线电遥控的鼻祖，他使用谐振电路最早实现了计算机“与门”的逻辑原理，还最早阐述了雷达的原理，还最先用他自制的高灵敏度接收机接收到了天外无线电脉冲信号，探测过宇宙射线，发明过一种革命性的无叶片涡轮机等等。

特斯拉线圈的线路和原理都非常简单，但要将它调整到与环境完美的共振很不容易，特斯拉就是特别擅长这项技艺的人。

特斯拉后来发明了所谓的“放大发射机”，现在称之为大功率高频传输线共振变压器，用于无线输电试验。

特斯拉的无线输电技术，值得一题。

特斯拉把地球作为内导体，地球电离层作为外导体，通过他的放大发射机，使用这种放大发射机特有的径向电磁波振荡模式，在地球与电离层之间建立起大约8赫兹的低频共振，利用环绕地球的表面电磁波来传输能量。

这一系统与现代无线电广播的能量发射机制不同，而与交流电力网中的交流发电机与输电线的关系类似，当没有电力接收端的时候，发射机只与天地谐振腔交换无功能量，整个系统只有很少的有功损耗，而如果是一般的无线电广播，发射的能量则全部在空间中损耗掉了。

尼古拉特斯拉伟大的科学家《被埋没的天才》连第六章神通广大的魔法师只要能避开尘世，独自一个人躲在纽约曼哈顿实验室里与电气谈情说爱，特斯拉就俨然是世界上最幸福的人了（在学习与科学研究中，热爱是最好的老师，如果达到特斯拉的与自己的研究对象谈恋爱的程度，就会实现24小时全时研究，根本不用刻意去思考，各种方案与灵感就会往自己灵魂体中灌，让自己应接不暇，这就是特斯拉成功的最大秘密。

这种感觉我也偶尔有之，但是不像特斯拉那样能够随时随地轻松地做到。

张卫民评注）。

在十九世纪八十年代末和九十年代初的那些日子里，他有过这样一个短暂的时期。

但是在1891－1892年间，他在美国和欧洲发表了轰动一时的四篇报告，此后不过几个月，他就一跃而为全世界最著名的科学家，而且他的个人生活也今非昔比了。

他结着白色的领带，穿着白色的燕尾服，一副白鹳般离奇的模样站在讲台上。

他差不多有七英尺高，因为在进行危险的试验表演过程中，他穿着一双软木厚底鞋。

当他表演到兴头上的时候，他那本来接近假音的高音嗓子，激动得更加变尖了。

听众被那抑扬顿挫的话语、变幻不定的电光以及魔法，深深地吸引住了，个个目不转睛，听得出了神。

在当时，科学概念是完全不够用的，特斯拉宛若一个堕入情网的诗人，通过火和光的翩跹舞姿来描绘那看得见的迷人效果。

的确，对他来说，炫耀这些效果同发掘其中的能量似乎同等重要。

但是，没有一位科学家能从技术细节上挑他的毛病。

别以为这只是些焰火、哲学和诗歌，他提出的每种科学发明都是以实验为基础的，这些实验他都亲自反复进行过至少二十次。

每一种设备都是新的，由他自己设计，而且通常都在他自己的车间里制造。

他很少在不同场合重复相同的表演。

当时的科学术语不够用，因此他在报告中谈到真空管中光亮的羽毛状放电现象时，便说这是“刷子”，而实际上这是电子束和离子化气体分子。

他不说“我现在来谈加速器”，因为当时没有“加速器”这个词，但是他所论述和他所表演的东西，在一些有知识的人来看便是原子对撞机的早期祖先。

第一次发现他是在高中物理课本的一个小小的角落，而我却和其他同学一样来不及仔细看上他一眼他就匆匆翻页追赶老师的节奏。

群星璀璨的物理课本上我们的视野常常被巨星光芒所蒙蔽，难以察觉到其他的耀光所在。

从中世纪到现代可以称作天才的人已经寥若星辰，然而能被称为旷世奇才的人，600年来记载详细的只有两个。

仅此两人却使人类社会发生了翻天覆地的变化。

偶尔翻起当年的物理课本，首先瞥到的就是他瘦削的脸。

然而他沉静眼神却是如此的深邃，像一潭安静的湖泊一样深深地吸引了我目光。

从这个角度看当时的特斯拉一定是在工作，不经意间的转头便以一种人们少见的儒雅，淡淡的微笑，平和定格在时光的剪影中，定格在了物理课本的小小角落，安详的而又令人着迷。

而我急欲解开心中疑团，到底一个什么样的科学家能表现出如此出众的儒雅气质和淡然的神情。

即使牛顿，即使同时代爱迪生也无法企及其十分之一。

（这里一定有人为牛顿、爱迪生不平吧。

不过告诉大家一个事实：人的品行和成就没有必然联系的。

）“被撒旦附身”的少年午后的克罗地亚村庄浅睡般安祥。

远望过去那氤氲的淡白似云气又像炊烟，村落旁的羊肠古道恣意攀附着绿油油的田野和银白的浅滩蜿蜒向前......无端一阵悠扬的歌声打破了这份诗意的宁静，我四下找寻究竟不见其人。

渐渐地歌声清晰起来，仔细辨认竟是以奇幻，和天马行空的想象著称的克罗地亚民谣！一个天真烂漫的塞尔维亚少年和一位饱经风霜的老人出现在小陌尽头。

渐渐的靠近，我正欲踏步上前。

少年突然欢快的跳到路边的小溪旁，盯着水面突然安静下来。

鲑鱼在水中嬉戏并不时跃出水面，鱼鳞闪跃着光芒在远处礁石的映衬下，鱼儿的轮廓鲜明。

少年沉思了一会儿，狡黠的对老人笑道：“叔叔，等会儿你要仔细看着我呀，我会用时石头击中鱼，并在后面岩石上断为两截！”说时迟那时快，整个过程不差的分毫。

老人惊恐地看着少年并双手挥舞着向后退去，大声喊道：撒旦，快从他身体里滚开！（VadaretraSatanae!)......这个少年正是少年特斯拉。

尼古拉·特斯拉（Nikola Tesla，1856年－1943年），1856年7月10日出生在克罗地亚，是世界知名的发明家、物理学家、机械工程师和电机工程师。

19世纪末20世纪初，他对电力学和磁力学做出了杰出贡献。

他的专利和理论工作依据现代交变电流电力系统，包括多相电力分配系统和交流电发电机，帮助了他带起了第二次工业革命。

人物简介尼古拉·特斯拉诞生于1856年7月10日，其记录已被美国政府销毁。

他诞生于前南斯拉夫克罗地亚的斯米良，他父亲是一所教堂里的牧师，自小就在基督教的家庭里长大。

1880年毕业于布拉格大学后，于1884年移民美国成为美国公民，并获取耶鲁大学及哥伦比亚大学名誉博士学位他一生的发明多不胜数：1882年，他继爱迪生发明直流电（DC）后不久，即发明了交流电（AC），并制造出世界上第一台交流电发电机，并始创多相传电技术。

1895年，他替美国尼加拉瓜发电站制造发电机组，致使该发电站至今仍是世界著名水电站之一。

1897年，他使马可尼的无线传讯理论成为现实。

1898年，他又发明无线电摇控技术并取得专利（美国专利号码#613.809）。

1899年，他发明了X光（X-Ray）摄影技术。

其他发明包括：收音机、雷达、传真机、真空管、霓虹光管……等甚至以他名字而命名的磁力线密度单位（1 Tesla = 10,000 Gause）更表明他在磁力学上的贡献。

奇才诞生特斯拉出生于一个名叫斯米连村庄的塞尔维亚人家庭中。

这个村庄位于奥地利帝国（今克罗地亚共和国）的利卡区戈斯皮奇附近。

他的受洗纪录证明他出生于1856年6月28日（格里历7月10日）。

其父亲名为米卢廷·特斯拉（Rev. Milutin Tesla），是一位在斯雷姆斯基卡尔洛夫奇教区的塞尔维亚东正教教堂里的神父。

其母亲名为久卡（?uka）就是一位塞尔维亚东正教神父的女儿，并且非常擅长于制作家庭手工工具。

她能背许多塞尔维亚史诗，但从未学过认字。

被世界遗忘的天才发明家尼古拉斯·特斯拉：特斯拉电动汽车的命名也是为了纪念他眼光日历尼古拉斯·特斯拉（Nikola Tesla），塞尔维亚裔美籍发明家、物理学家、机械工程师、电气工程师。

生于1856年7月10日。

他是一名高产的天才发明家，一生研究发明产品无数，研究领域横跨交流电系统、无线电系统、无线电能传输、球状闪电、涡轮机、放大发射机、粒子束武器、太阳能发动机、X光设备、电能仪表、导弹科学、遥感技术、飞行器、宇宙射线、雷达系统、机器人……他被认为是电力商业化的重要推动者，并因主持设计了现代交流电系统而最为人知。

在迈克尔·法拉第发现的电磁场理论的基础上，特斯拉在电磁场领域有着多项革命性的发明。

他的多项相关专利以及电磁学的理论研究工作是现代的无线通信和无线电的基石。

他还是一位旷世的奇才，他每天只睡2个小时，最终独自取得700多项发明专利。

为了献身科学研究事业，特斯拉终身不娶。

除了是一位科学家，他还是诗人、哲学家、音乐鉴赏家、养鸽专家、语言学家、吠陀专家。

他精通八种语言：塞尔维亚语、英语、捷克语、德语、法语、匈牙利语、意大利语、拉丁语。

这就是今天眼光日历的主人公尼古拉斯·特斯拉，一位被世界忽略的天才发明家。

少年经历1856年7月10日，尼古拉·特斯拉出生在克罗地亚斯米湾村一个塞族家庭，父母都是塞尔维亚人，他是五个孩子中的老四。

这个村庄位于奥匈帝国（今克罗地亚共和国）的利卡省戈斯皮奇附近。

1862年时他的家庭移居到戈斯皮奇。

请点击此处输入图片描述特斯拉少年时在在克罗地亚的卡尔洛瓦茨上学，并在1875年于奥地利的格拉茨理工大学学习物理学、数学和机械学。

他在大学只上了一年的课，第二年军事边境局撤销，他失去了助学金，因交不起学费被迫退学。

特斯拉没有毕业。

1877年，特斯拉到布拉格学习了两年，他一边去大学里旁听课程，一边在图书馆学习。

1879年，他试图在马里博尔找一份工作但没有成功，之后返回布拉格继续学业，待到24岁。

This file may be freely redistributed as long as the original wording is not modified. My InventionsNikola Tesla's AutobiographyAt the age of 63 Tesla tells the story of his creative life.First published in 1919 in the Electrical Experimenter magazineTable of ContentsI. My Early LifeII. My First Efforts At InventionIII. My Later EndeavorsIV. The Discovery of the Tesla Coil and TransformerV. The Magnifying TransmitterVI. The Art of TelautomaticsI. My Early LifeThe progressive development of man is vitally dependent on invention. It is the most important product of his creative brain. Its ultimate purpose is the complete mastery of mind over the material world, the harnessing of the forces of nature to human needs. This is the difficult task of the inventor who is often misunderstood and unrewarded. But he finds ample compensation in the pleasing exercises of his powers and in the knowledge of being one of that exceptionally privileged class without whom the race would have long ago perished in the bitter struggle against pitiless elements.Speaking for myself, I have already had more than my full measure of this exquisite enjoyment, so much that for many years my life was little short of continuous rapture. I am credited with being one of the hardest workers and perhaps I am, if thought is the equivalent of labor, for I have devoted to it almost all of my waking hours. But if work is interpreted to be a definite performance in a specified time according to a rigid rule, then I may be the worst of idlers. Every effort under compulsion demands a sacrifice of life-energy. I never paid such a price. On the contrary, I have thrived on my thoughts.In attempting to give a connected and faithful account of my activities in this series of articles which will be presented with the assistance of the Editors of the ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER and are chiefly addrest to our young men readers, I must dwell, however reluctantly, on the impressions of my youth and the circumstances and events which have been instrumental in determining my career.Our first endeavors are purely instinctive, promptings of an imagination vivid and undisciplined. As we grow older reason asserts itself and we become more and more systematic and designing. But those early impulses, tho not immediately productive, are of the greatest moment and may shape our very destinies. Indeed, I feel now that had I understood and cultivated instead of suppressing them, I would have added substantial value to my bequest to the world. But not until I had attained manhood did I realize that I was an inventor.This was due to a number of causes. In the first place I had a brother who was gifted to an extraordinary degree—one of those rare phenomena of mentality which biological investigation has failed to explain. His premature death left my parents disconsolate. We owned a horse which had been presented to us by a dear friend. It was a magnificent animal of Arabian breed, possest of almost human intelligence, and was cared for and petted by the whole family, having on one occasion saved my father's life under remarkable circumstances. My father had been called one winter night to perform an urgent duty and while crossing the mountains, infested by wolves, the horse became frightened and ran away, throwing him violently to the ground. It arrived home bleeding and exhausted, but after the alarm was sounded immediately dashed off again, returning to the spot, and before the searching party were far on the way they were met by my father, who had recovered consciousness and remounted, not realizing that he had been lying in the snow for several hours. This horse was responsible for my brother's injuries from which he died. I witnest the tragic scene and altho fifty-six years have elapsed since, my visual impression of it has lost none of its force. The recollection of his attainments made every effort of mine seem dull in comparison.Anything I did that was creditable merely caused my parents to feel their loss more keenly. So I grew up with little confidence in myself. But I was far from being considered a stupid boy, if I am to judge from an incident of which I have still a strong remembrance. One day the Aldermenwere passing thru a street where I was at play with other boys. The oldest of these venerable gentlemen—a wealthy citizen—paused to give a silver piece to each of us. Coming to me he suddenly stopt and commanded, "Look in my eyes." I met his gaze, my hand outstretched to receive the much valued coin, when, to my dismay, he said, "No, not much, you can get nothing from me, you are too smart." They used to tell a funny story about me. I had two old aunts withwrinkled faces, one of them having two teeth protruding like the tusks of an elephant which she buried in my cheek every time she kist me. Nothing would scare me more than the prospect of being hugged by these as affectionate as unattractive relatives. It happened that while being carried in my mother's arms they asked me who was the prettier of the two. After examining their faces intently, I answered thoughtfully, pointing to one of them, "This here is not as ugly as the other."Then again, I was intended from my very birth for the clerical profession and this thought constantly opprest me. I longed to be an engineer but my father was inflexible. He was the son of an officer who served in the army of the Great Napoleon and, in common with his brother, professor of mathematics in a prominent institution, had received a military education but, singularly enough, later embraced the clergy in which vocation he achieved eminence. He was a very erudite man, a veritable natural philosopher, poet and writer and his sermons were said to be as eloquent as those of Abraham a Sancta-Clara. He had a prodigious memory and frequently recited at length from works in several languages. He often remarked playfully that if some of the classics were lost he could restore them. His style of writing was much admired. He penned sentences short and terse and was full of wit and satire. The humorous remarks he made were always peculiar and characteristic. Just to illustrate, I may mention one or two instances. Among the help there was a cross-eyed man called Mane, employed to do work around the farm. He was chopping wood one day. As he swung the axe my father, who stood nearby and felt very uncomfortable, cautioned him, "For God's sake, Mane, do not strike at what you are looking but at what you intend to hit." On another occasion he was taking out for a drive a friend who carelessly permitted his costly fur coat to rub on the carriage wheel. My father reminded him of it saying, "Pull in your coat, you are ruining my tire." He had the odd habit of talking to himself and would often carry on an animated conversation and indulge in heated argument, changing the tone of his voice. A casual listener might have sworn that several people were in the room.Altho I must trace to my mother's influence whatever inventiveness I possess, the training he gave me must have been helpful. It comprised all sorts of exercises—as, guessing one another's thoughts, discovering the defects of some form or expression, repeating long sentences or performing mental calculations. These daily lessons were intended to strengthen memory and reason and especially to develop the critical sense, and were undoubtedly very beneficial.My mother descended from one of the oldest families in the country and a line of inventors. Both her father and grandfather originated numerous implements for household, agricultural and other uses. She was a truly great woman, of rare skill, courage and fortitude, who had braved the storms of life and past thru many a trying experience. When she was sixteen a virulent pestilence swept the country. Her father was called away to administer the last sacraments to the dying and during his absence she went alone to the assistance of a neighboring family who were stricken by the dread disease. All of the members, five in number, succumbed in rapid succession. She bathed, clothed and laid out the bodies, decorating them with flowers according to the custom of the country and when her father returned he found everything ready for a Christian burial. My mother was an inventor of the first order and would, I believe, have achieved great things had she not been so remote from modern life and its multifold opportunities. She invented and constructed all kinds of tools and devices and wove the finest designs from thread which was spun by her. She even planted the seeds, raised the plants and separated the fibers herself. She worked indefatigably, from break of day till late at night, and most of the wearing apparel and furnishings of the home was the product of her hands. When she was past sixty, her fingers were still nimble enough to tie three knots in an eyelash.There was another and still more important reason for my late awakening. In my boyhood I suffered from a peculiar affliction due to the appearance of images, often accompanied by strong flashes of light, which marred the sight of real objects and interfered with my thought and action. They were pictures of things and scenes which I had really seen, never of those I imagined. When a word was spoken to me the image of the object it designated would present itself vividlyto my vision and sometimes I was quite unable to distinguish whether what I saw was tangible or not. This caused me great discomfort and anxiety. None of the students of psychology or physiology whom I have consulted could ever explain satisfactorily these phenomena. They seem to have been unique altho I was probably predisposed as I know that my brother experienced a similar trouble. The theory I have formulated is that the images were the result of a reflex action from the brain on the retina under great excitation. They certainly were not hallucinations such as are produced in diseased and anguished minds, for in other respects I was normal and composed. To give an idea of my distress, suppose that I had witnest a funeral or some such nerve-racking spectacle. Then, inevitably, in the stillness of night, a vivid picture of the scene would thrust itself before my eyes and persist despite all my efforts to banish it. Sometimes it would even remain fixt in space tho I pushed my hand thru it. If my explanation is correct, it should be able to project on a screen the image of any object one conceives and make it visible. Such an advance would revolutionize all human relations. I am convinced that this wonder can and will be accomplished in time to come; I may add that I have devoted much thought to the solution of the problem.To free myself of these tormenting appearances, I tried to concentrate my mind on something else I had seen, and in this way I would of ten obtain temporary relief; but in order to get it I had to conjure continuously new images. It was not long before I found that I had exhausted all of those at my command; my "reel" had run out, as it were, because I had seen little of the world—only objects in my home and the immediate surroundings. As I performed these mental operations for the second or third time, in order to chase the appearances from my vision, the remedy gradually lost all its force. Then I instinctively commenced to make excursions beyond the limits of the small world of which I had knowledge, and I saw new scenes. These were at first very blurred and indistinct, and would flit away when I tried to concentrate my attention upon them, but by and by I succeeded in fixing them; they gained in strength and distinctness and finally assumed the concreteness of real things. I soon discovered that my best comfort was attained if I simply went on in my vision farther and farther, getting new impressions all the time, and so I began to travel—of course, in my mind. Every night (and sometimes during the day), when alone, I would start on my journeys—see new places, cities and countries—live there, meet people and make friendships and acquaintances and, however unbelievable, it is a fact that they were just as dear to me as those in actual life and not a bit less intense in their manifestations.This I did constantly until I was about seventeen when my thoughts turned seriously to invention. Then I observed to my delight that I could visualize with the greatest facility. I needed no models, drawings or experiments. I could picture them all as real in my mind. Thus I have been led unconsciously to evolve what I consider a new method of materializing inventive concepts and ideas, which is radically opposite to the purely experimental and is in my opinion ever so much more expeditious and efficient. The moment one constructs a device to carry into practise a crude idea he finds himself unavoidably engrost with the details and defects of the apparatus. As he goes on improving and reconstructing, his force of concentration diminishes and he loses sight of the great underlying principle. Results may be obtained but always at the sacrifice of quality. My method is different. I do not rush into actual work. When I get an idea I start at once building it up in my imagination. I change the construction, make improvements and operate the device in my mind. It is absolutely immaterial to me whether I run my turbine in thought or test it in my shop. I even note if it is out of balance. There is no difference whatever, the results are the same. In this way I am able to rapidly develop and perfect a conception without touching anything. When I have gone so far as to embody in the invention every possible improvement I can think of and see no fault anywhere, I put into concrete form this final product of my brain. Invariably my device works as I conceived that it should, and the experiment comes out exactly as I planned it. In twenty years there has not been a single exception. Why should it be otherwise? Engineering, electrical and mechanical, is positive in results. There is scarcely a subject that cannot be mathematically treated and the effects calculated or the results determined beforehand from the available theoretical and practical data. The carrying out into practise of a crude idea as is being generally done is, I hold, nothing but a waste of energy, money and time.My early affliction had, however, another compensation. The incessant mental exertion developed my powers of observation and enabled me to discover a truth of great importance. I had noted that the appearance of images was always preceded by actual vision of scenes under peculiar and generally very exceptional conditions and I was impelled on each occasion to locate the original impulse. After a while this effort grew to be almost automatic and I gained great facility in connecting cause and effect. Soon I became aware, to my surprise, that every thought I conceived was suggested by an external impression. Not only this but all my actions were prompted in a similar way. In the course of time it became perfectly evident to me that I was merely an automaton endowed with power of movement, responding to the stimuli of the sense organs and thinking and acting accordingly. The practical result of this was the art of telautomatics which has been so far carried out only in an imperfect manner. Its latent possibilities will, however, be eventually shown. I have been since years planning self-controlled automata and believe that mechanisms can be produced which will act as if possest of reason, to a limited degree, and will create a revolution in many commercial and industrial departments.I was about twelve years old when I first succeeded in banishing an image from my vision by wilful effort, but I never had any control over the flashes of light to which I have referred. They were, perhaps, my strangest experience and inexplicable. They usually occurred when I found myself in a dangerous or distressing situation, or when I was greatly exhilarated. In some instances I have seen all the air around me filled with tongues of living flame. Their intensity, instead of diminishing, increased with time and seemingly attained a maximum when I was about twenty-five years old. While in Paris, in 1883, a prominent French manufacturer sent me an invitation to a shooting expedition which I accepted. I had been long confined to the factory and the fresh air had a wonderfully invigorating effect on me. On my return to the city that night I felt a positive sensation that my brain had caught fire. I saw a light as tho a small sun was located in it and I past the whole night applying cold compressions to my tortured head. Finally the flashes diminished in frequency and force but it took more than three weeks before they wholly subsided. When a second invitation was extended to me my answer was an emphatic NO!These luminous phenomena still manifest themselves from time to time, as when a new idea opening up possibilities strikes me, but they are no longer exciting, being of relatively small intensity. When I close my eyes I invariably observe first, a background of very dark and uniform blue, not unlike the sky on a clear but starless night. In a few seconds this field becomes animated with innumerable scintillating flakes of green, arranged in several layers and advancing towards me. Then there appears, to the right, a beautiful pattern of two systems of parallel and closely spaced lines, at right angles to one another, in all sorts of colors with yellow-green and gold predominating. Immediately thereafter the lines grow brighter and the whole is thickly sprinkled with dots of twinkling light. This picture moves slowly across the field of vision and in about ten seconds vanishes to the left, leaving behind a ground of rather unpleasant and inert grey which quickly gives way to a billowy sea of clouds, seemingly trying to mould themselves in living shapes. It is curious that I cannot project a form into this grey until the second phase is reached. Every time, before falling asleep, images of persons or objects flit before my view. When I see them I know that I am about to lose consciousness. If they are absent and refuse to come it means a sleepless night.To what an extent imagination played a part in my early life I may illustrate by another odd experience. Like most children I was fond of jumping and developed an intense desire to support myself in the air. Occasionally a strong wind richly charged with oxygen blew from the mountains rendering my body as light as cork and then I would leap and float in space for a long time. It was a delightful sensation and my disappointment was keen when later I undeceived myself.During that period I contracted many strange likes, dislikes and habits, some of which I can trace to external impressions while others are unaccountable. I had a violent aversion against the earrings of women but other ornaments, as bracelets, pleased me more or less according to design. The sight of a pearl would almost give me a fit but I was fascinated with the glitter ofcrystals or objects with sharp edges and plane surfaces. I would not touch the hair of other people except, perhaps, at the point of a revolver. I would get a fever by looking at a peach and if a piece of camphor was anywhere in the house it caused me the keenest discomfort. Even now I am not insensible to some of these upsetting impulses. When I drop little squares of paper in a dish filled with liquid, I always sense a peculiar and awful taste in my mouth. I counted the steps in my walks and calculated the cubical contents of soup plates, coffee cups and pieces of food—otherwise my meal was unenjoyable. All repeated acts or operations I performed had to be divisible by three and if I mist I felt impelled to do it all over again, even if it took hours.Up to the age of eight years, my character was weak and vacillating. I had neither courage or strength to form a firm resolve. My feelings came in waves and surges and vibrated unceasingly between extremes. My wishes were of consuming force and like the heads of the hydra, they multiplied. I was opprest by thoughts of pain in life and death and religious fear. I was swayed by superstitious belief and lived in constant dread of the spirit of evil, of ghosts and ogres and other unholy monsters of the dark. Then, all at once, there came a tremendous change which altered the course of my whole existence. Of all things I liked books the best. My father had a large library and whenever I could manage I tried to satisfy my passion for reading. He did not permit it and would fly into a rage when he caught me in the act. He hid the candles when he found that I was reading in secret. He did not want me to spoil my eyes. But I obtained tallow, made the wicking and cast the sticks into tin forms, and every night I would bush the keyhole and the cracks and read, often till dawn, when all others slept and my mother started on her arduous daily task. On one occasion I came across a novel entitled "Abafi" (the Son of Aba), a Serbian translation of a well known Hungarian writer, Josika. This work somehow awakened my dormant powers of will and I began to practise self-control. At first my resolutions faded like snow in April, but in a little while I conquered my weakness and felt a pleasure I never knew before—that of doing as I willed. In the course of time this vigorous mental exercise became second nature. At the outset my wishes had to be subdued but gradually desire and will grew to be identical. After years of such discipline I gained so complete a mastery over myself that I toyed with passions which have meant destruction to some of the strongest men. At a certain age I contracted a mania for gambling which greatly worried my parents. To sit down to a game of cards was for me the quintessence of pleasure. My father led an exemplary life and could not excuse the senseless waste of time and money in which I indulged. I had a strong resolve but my philosophy was bad. I would say to him, "I can stop whenever I please but is it worth while to give up that which I would purchase with the joys of Paradise?" On frequent occasions he gave vent to his anger and contempt but my mother was different. She understood the character of men and knew that one's salvation could only be brought about thru his own efforts. One afternoon, I remember, when I had lost all my money and was craving for a game, she came to me with a roll of bills and said, "Go and enjoy yourself. The sooner you lose all we possess the better it will be.I know that you will get over it." She was right. I conquered my passion then and there and only regretted that it had not been a hundred times as strong. I not only vanquished but tore it from my heart so as not to leave even a trace of desire. Ever since that time I have been as indifferent to any form of gambling as to picking teeth.During another period I smoked excessively, threatening to ruin my health. Then my will asserted itself and I not only stopt but destroyed all inclination. Long ago I suffered from heart trouble until I discovered that it was due to the innocent cup of coffee I consumed every morning. I discontinued at once, tho I confess it was not an easy task. In this way I checked and bridled other habits and passions and have not only preserved my life but derived an immense amount of satisfaction from what most men would consider privation and sacrifice.After finishing the studies at the Polytechnic Institute and University I had a complete nervous breakdown and while the malady lasted I observed many phenomena strange and unbelievable.II. My First Efforts At InventionI shall dwell briefly on these extraordinary experiences, on account of their p ossible interest to students of psychology and physiology and also because this period of agony was of the greatest consequence on my mental development and subsequent labors. But it is indispensable to first relate the circumstances and conditions which preceded them and in which might be found their partial explanation.From childhood I was compelled to concentrate attention upon myself. This caused me much suffering but, to my present view, it was a blessing in disguise for it has taught me to appreciate the inestimable value of introspection in the preservation of life, as well as a means of achievement. The pressure of occupation and the incessant stream of impressions pouring into our consciousness thru all the gateways of knowledge make modern existence hazardous in many ways. Most persons are so absorbed in the contemplation of the outside world that they are wholly oblivious to what is passing on within themselves.The premature death of millions is primarily traceable to this cause. Even among those who exercise care it is a common mistake to avoid imaginary, and ignore the real dangers. And what is true of an individual also applies, more or less, to a people as a whole. Witness, in illustration, the prohibition movement. A drastic, if not unconstitutional, measure is now being put thru in this country to prevent the consumption of alcohol and yet it is a positive fact that coffee, tea, tobacco, chewing gum and other stimulants, which are freely indulged in even at the tender age, are v astly more injurious to the national body, judging from the number of those who succumb. So, for instance, during my student years I gathered from the published necrologues in Vienna, the home of coffee drinkers, that deaths from heart trouble sometimes reached sixty-seven per cent of the total. Similar observations might probably be made in cities where the consumption of tea is excessive. These delicious beverages superexcite and gradually exhaust the fine fibers of the brain. They also interfere seriously with arterial circulation and should be enjoyed all the more sparingly as their deleterious effects are slow and imperceptible. Tobacco, on the other hand, is conducive to easy and pleasant thinking and detracts from the intensity and concentration necessary to all original and vigorous effort of the intellect. Chewing gum is helpful for a short while but soon drains the glandular system and inflicts irreparable damage, not to speak of the revulsion it creates. Alcohol in small quantities is an excellent tonic, but is toxic in its action when absorbed in larger amounts, quite immaterial as to whether it is taken in as whiskey or produced in the stomach from sugar. But it should not be overlooked that all these are great eliminators assisting Nature, as they do, in upholding her stern but just law of the survival of the fittest. Eager reformers should also be mindful of the eternal perversity of mankind which makes the indifferent "laissez-faire" by far preferable to enforced restraint.The truth about this is that we need stimulants to do our best work under present living conditions, and that we must exercise moderation and control our appetites and inclinations in every direction. That is what I have been doing for many years, in this way maintaining myself young in body and mind. Abstinence was not always to my liking but I find ample reward in the agreeable experiences I am now making. Just in the hope of converting some to my precepts and convictions I will recall one or two.A short time ago I was returning to my hotel. It was a bitter cold night, the ground slippery, and no taxi to be had. Half a block behind me followed another man, evidently as anxious as myself to get under cover. Suddenly my legs went up in the air. In the same instant there was a flash in my brain, the nerves responded, the muscles contracted, I swung thru 180 degrees and landed on my hands. I resumed my walk as tho nothing had happened when the stranger caught up with me. "How old are you?" he asked, surveying me critically. "Oh, about fifty-nine," I replied. "What of it?" "Well," said he, "I have seen a cat do this but never a man." About a month since I wanted to order new eyeglasses and went to an oculist who put me thru the usual tests. He lookt at me incredulously as I read off with ease the smallest print at considerable distance. But when I told。

Nikola Tesla（尼古拉·特斯拉）——The forgotten genius被遗忘的天才•Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 –7 January 1943) was a SerbianAmerican.inventor, electricalengineer(电气工程师),mechanical engineer(机械工程师), physicist(物理学家), andfuturist best known for hiscontributions to the design of themodern alternating current (AC交流电) electricity supply system.Working for Edison•In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France,he's work for Edison began with simple electricalengineering and quickly progressed to solving some of thecompany's most difficult problems•1882年，特斯拉开始在爱迪生公司工作，开始是简单的电气工程，后来迅速进展为解决一些公司的最困难的问题。

•In 1885, Tesla claimed that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy. According to Tesla, Edison remarked, "There's fiftythousand dollars in it for you—if you can do it" After months of work, Tesla fulfilled the task and inquired about payment. Edison, claiming that he was only joking, replied, "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor." Instead, Edison offered a US$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary; Tesla refused the offer andimmediately resigned.•1885年，特斯拉声称他可以重新设计爱迪生的低效电动机及发电机，爱迪生说如果可以做到就付给他五万美元的报酬，几个月后特斯拉完成任务并询问付款的时候，爱迪生却笑着说：“特斯拉，你不懂我们美国人的幽默。

特斯拉发言稿2.0第一篇：特斯拉发言稿2.0倾注于绿色+舒适+节能+全生命周期的生活家园特斯拉发言稿非常欢迎并感谢各位出席当代置业（中国）有限公司与特斯拉汽车公司的签约仪式。

现在是一个充满变革与创新的时代，传统行业均在悄然改变，而汽车行业就是其中之一。

在中国的文字中，汽车的汽字用的是汽油的汽。

汽车的意思是用汽油的车子。

所以在我们眼里，汽车理所当然是以汽油作为能源。

可是，有一家企业颠覆了整个行业的传统理念。

创造了纯电力，不需要汽油的汽车。

他就是特斯拉。

特斯拉是个伟大而卓越的公司。

他改变的是人们的生活方式。

特斯拉同时也开创了一个时代。

开创了一个环保出行的时代。

在人们徘徊于绿色出行与高端品质之间时，特斯拉解决这两者的冲突。

在保护地球环境的同时，也可以享受到舒适的出行方式。

无独有偶，当代置业一直致力于实现绿色+节能+舒适+全生命周期的生活家园地产。

当代置业的创始人张雷先生在企业创业之初便定位于社会责任型企业，关注人口老龄化与可持续发展。

MOMΛ产品力求将绿色节能与舒适相结合。

在保证能耗为普通型住宅1/3的状态下，依然可以全年维持温度在约20-26℃，湿度在约30％-70％的最舒适室内环境。

MOMΛ与特斯拉的联合，就是绿色科技生活方式的一次融合，也就是绿色出行及绿色居住。

我们也可以发现一个很微妙的点。

特斯拉将科技环保与汽车相结合，而当代将科技环保与建筑相结合。

两者联合，将会涵盖居者的出行及居住。

我们提供的不是产品，而是倡导一种文化。

一种绿色科技出行，节能环保居住的生活方式。

今天是当代置业上市一周年，这个特殊的日子中。

我相信，此次的合作是一次具有跨时代意义的合作。

而这仅仅是一个开端。

未来我们将会有深层次，多维度的合作。

当代置业在此前已与乐视、墨迹等互联网公司签约。

拟构建智慧社区及全室内环境价值链。

相信与特斯拉达成合作后，MOMΛ社区的绿色生态价值链将延伸到社区外。

每一次变革都蕴育着巨大的市场机遇。

我们正处在一个最好的时代，而这个时代中跨界合作，互联互通是致胜之道。