西部特色农产品冷链物流的发展现状与策略研究翻译(终审稿)

农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策随着经济的发展和城市化进程的加速，人们的生活水平与消费水平不断提高，农产品类消费需求呈现出更多样化、更高品质、更快速度的趋势，而农产品的质量、安全和保鲜期也越来越成为重要的问题。

为了满足市场的需求，保障农产品质量安全、延长保鲜期，推广农产品的销售和消费，农产品冷链物流的发展已经成为广大农业企业、农业产品经营者和消费者所共同关注的热点。

一、农产品冷链物流的发展现状1.农产品冷链物流的发展背景我国是一个农业大国，农产品是其重要的产业之一。

但是在农产品流通过程中，由于生产、贮藏、运输等环节中可能存在的温度、湿度等不良因素，农产品质量损失和安全问题日益突出，消费者信心受到挑战，进而制约了农产品产业的发展。

因此，保障农产品质量和安全，延长保鲜期，推广农产品的销售和消费，必须借助农产品冷链物流的发展。

2.农产品冷链物流的定义冷链物流是一种特殊类型的物流，针对需要温度控制的货物，使用设备、工具和技术手段，运用完整的运输、存储、销售过程中的信息流、资金流和物流，将货物的温度控制在一定的温度范围内，以达到物流质量与经济效益的最大化。

（1）低温运输技术：低温运输是冷链物流的关键技术之一，可以被应用到冷藏、冷冻货物的运输中，适用于新鲜、半加工、急冻等不同种类的产品，包括基础设施（冷库、冷车、制冷机组等）和运输手段（载具、箱体等）两部分。

（2）保鲜技术：保鲜技术包括包装材料的选择、包装的设计和保鲜技术的应用等，可将果蔬类、水产品等农产品的保鲜期从原来的3-7天提高到10-30天。

（3）信息技术：农产品冷链物流中涉及大量的信息，如到达时间、温度、湿度、定位、风险监控等，需要使用物联网、云端存储、大数据分析等信息技术手段来进行管理。

4.农产品冷链物流存在的问题目前，我国农产品冷链物流的发展已经进行了多年，但还存在的问题包括技术不够成熟、设施不够完善、管理不够规范、服务不够贴心等，阻碍了其快速、高效、持续发展。

农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策研究摘要：农产品冷链物流是现代农业发展的重要组成部分，对保障农产品质量和满足市场需求具有重要意义。

本文通过对农产品冷链物流发展现状进行研究，提出了一些发展对策，以促进农产品冷链物流的健康发展。

一、引言农产品冷链物流是将农产品从产地到终端消费者的过程中，采用冷链技术和设备保持农产品质量的一种物流方式。

随着城市化进程的加快和消费者对农产品质量和安全的需求不断增加，农产品冷链物流受到了广泛关注。

然而，目前我国农产品冷链物流还存在着一些问题，需要进行进一步的研究和探讨。

二、现状分析1.农产品冷链物流的发展水平不高：我国农产品冷链物流的发展相对滞后，冷链设施和技术的投入不足。

导致农产品在运输过程中易受到温度和湿度变化的影响，从而降低了农产品的质量。

2.农产品冷链物流网络建设不完善：农产品冷链物流的网络覆盖面较窄，冷链线路不畅通。

这导致农产品的运输时间较长，易受到污染和损坏。

3.农产品冷链物流管理体系不健全：农产品冷链物流的管理体系较为薄弱，缺乏统一的监管和标准。

这使得农产品冷链物流存在很多无序竞争和低效率的问题。

三、对策提出1.增加农产品冷链设施和技术投入：政府和企业应加大对农产品冷链设施和技术的投入力度，提高冷链设施的覆盖率和完备度。

同时，加强冷链技术的研发和应用，使冷链设备更加先进和智能化，以提高农产品冷链物流的质量和效益。

2.完善农产品冷链物流网络建设：加强农产品冷链物流网络的规划和建设，优化冷链线路的布局，完善配送中心和仓储设施的建设。

同时，加强冷链物流信息共享和物流协同，提高农产品冷链物流的运输效率。

3.健全农产品冷链物流管理体系：建立统一的农产品冷链物流管理机构和监管标准，加强对农产品冷链物流的监督和管理。

同时，加强农产品冷链物流从业人员的培训和素质提升，提高农产品冷链物流的服务质量和效率。

四、结论农产品冷链物流是保障农产品质量和满足市场需求的重要手段，对推动农业产业升级和农民增收具有重要意义。

农产品冷链物流发展现状,存在问题及对策
农产品冷链物流发展现状：
农产品冷链物流是指将农产品从产地采摘到消费者手中的整个过程中，通过运用一系列冷链物流技术和手段，保障农产品在物流过程中的温度、湿度、氧气和二氧化碳等环境因素，以确保农产品在运输、仓储和销售过程中的品质和安全。

近年来，随着我国农业产业的发展和人们对食品安全和质量的关注度不断提高，农产
品冷链物流发展也越来越重要。

目前，我国农产品冷链物流的现状是：虽然农产品冷链物流已经得到广泛关注，但整个行业发展不够成熟，存在着一些问题，如冷链物流体系建设不完善、技术和设备落后、信息化程度低等。

存在问题：
农产品冷链物流发展面临的问题主要包括以下几个方面：
1. 冷链物流体系建设不完善。

由于农产品冷链物流需要整个行业的协同配合，但现阶段冷链物流体系建设不够完善，冷链设施、运输方式、信息系统等方面都存在不足，导致冷链物流成本较高，难以形成规模经济。

2. 技术和设备落后。

农产品冷链物流需要用到各种各样的技术和设备，如保鲜、冷库、冷藏车等，但我国的技术和设备相对落后，尤其是在冷藏运输领域存在很大的差距，不仅影响了运输效率和运输成本，还可能对农产品的品质造成损害。

3. 信息化程度低。

农产品冷链物流信息化程度不高，导致信息共享和协同不够，信息不透明，信息不对称等问题严重，给农产品冷链物流带来很大的隐患。

对策：
为了解决农产品冷链物流发展面临的问题，需要采取一系列措施：
1. 建设冷链物流体系。

加快冷链物流体系建设，加大对冷链设施、运输方式、信息系统等方面的投入力度，打造农产品冷链物流的协同优势，实现规模经济效益。

【农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策研究文献综述】一、引言随着社会经济的快速发展和人们对生活品质的要求不断提高，农产品需求呈现出多样化、个性化的特点。

然而，长期以来农产品冷链物流发展滞后，导致了农产品保鲜、运输等问题长期困扰农业行业。

对农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策进行研究，对于推动农产品产业升级、提高农产品附加值具有重要意义。

二、农产品冷链物流发展现状综述（1）冷链物流基本概念冷链物流是指将需要保持在一定温度范围内的商品进行冷藏、冷冻、冷藏运输和配送的过程。

农产品冷链物流则是指对应于农产品的冷链运输与储存。

（2）农产品冷链物流发展现状当前，我国冷链物流市场整体发展迅速，但与发达国家相比还有一定差距。

农产品冷链物流不仅存在冷链设施不足、技术落后等问题，而且市场需求和供给之间的矛盾依然存在。

另外，农产品冷链物流网络规划和运营管理存在问题，增加了农产品运输损耗和风险。

三、农产品冷链物流发展对策研究综述（1）政策扶持和资金支持政府需要出台更加完善的农产品冷链物流发展政策，支持冷链设施建设、技术创新等，并加大对农产品冷链物流的资金支持力度。

（2）提升冷链物流技术水平加强冷链技术研发，推动农产品冷链物流技术的升级和改造，提高农产品冷链运输温度控制、湿度控制和气体调节等方面的技术水平。

（3）完善冷链物流网络规划根据农产品产地、消费地的特点，规划和建设合理的冷链物流网络，降低农产品运输、储存损耗，提高冷链物流的运输效率。

四、个人观点和建议在当前经济发展的背景下，农产品冷链物流发展是我国农业发展的重要保障，也是提高农产品附加值的重要途径。

政府应加大扶持力度，企业需要加强创新，提高冷链物流技术水平，促进农产品冷链物流发展进入快速发展阶段。

五、总结本文对农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策进行了综述。

通过对现状的分析，我们可以清晰地看到我国农产品冷链物流发展中存在的问题和不足。

对策研究部分提出了政策、技术、网络规划等多方面的解决方案。

农产品冷链物流国内外研究综述及展望随着社会经济的发展，消费者对农产品的需求也在不断增长，对农产品冷链物流制度的建设也提出了越来越高的要求。

冷链物流技术是现代物流运输体系的重要组成部分，通过温度控制和物流管理来保护货物，保证从制造到消费期间的产品安全性，以保证生鲜农产品的新鲜度、口感及营养成分。

一、国内农产品冷链物流的研究现状近年来，随着我国农产品冷链物流的发展，许多研究机构都在密切关注这一领域的发展情况。

新一代信息技术和物流技术的不断进步，使农产品冷链物流的研究取得了很大的进展。

1.链物流技术冷链物流技术主要用于生鲜农产品的冷藏运输，包括冷藏设备、冷藏技术、信息技术和货物管理等方面。

由于以上技术的发展，冷链物流运输的技术性能得到了明显改善，提供了更加安全可靠的运输保障。

2.链物流管理冷链物流中，物流管理是一个重要组成部分，运用先进的信息技术可以实现全程可视、实时可追溯的冷链物流管理，确保温度和货物的安全，减少货物的损耗。

3.链物流投资另一方面，随着政府投资的加大，冷链物流投资也在不断增加，加大投资建设冷链仓库、冷链物流网络及相关冷链设备等，促进冷链物流业的繁荣发展。

二、国外农产品冷链物流的研究现状近几年，随着全球经济一体化的加快，农产品冷链物流也开始成为全球市场的一大焦点。

许多国家和地区都开始着手推进农产品冷链物流的建设，不仅为当地的消费者提供更多优质的农产品，也为全球农产品市场提供了新的增长机会。

1.国美国农产品冷链物流系统集成了冷藏设备、温度控制系统、物流管理系统等，可以有效地实现全程可视、实时可追溯的冷链物流管理，从源头确保农产品的安全。

在此基础上，美国政府还推出了冷链物流发展计划，通过政策和财政投入等手段，促进全国冷链物流系统的建设。

2.洲欧洲各国也都开始推行农产品冷链物流，其中法国政府采取的冷链物流政策十分先进，加大冷链投资建设，提高物流运输效率，以更高质量的农产品满足全民消费需求。

三、农产品冷链物流的展望农产品冷链物流是一个急需更深入研究的领域，需要不断研发新技术、改善物流管理机制，提高运输效率，更好地满足消费者对农产品新鲜度、口感及营养成分的需求。

农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策研究农产品冷链物流指的是以低温保鲜、冷藏和冷冻等技术手段，将农产品从生产地到终端消费市场或加工企业的过程中进行冷藏、保鲜和冷冻储运的一种物流方式。

随着人们对农产品质量和安全性的要求提高，农产品冷链物流在保证农产品品质和延长保质期方面发挥着重要作用。

本文将分析农产品冷链物流发展的现状，并提出相应的对策。

1.市场需求增加：随着人民生活水平的提高，人们对优质、安全、新鲜的农产品的需求不断增加。

冷链物流可以满足人们对农产品品质和安全性的要求。

2.农产品供应链不完善：我国农产品供应链中的冷链环节不够完善，无法满足保鲜、冷藏和冷冻等技术要求，导致农产品在储运过程中质量下降，浪费严重。

3.技术设备不足：农产品冷链物流需要投入大量的冷冻设备、保鲜设备和运输车辆等物资，但目前我国农产品冷链物流设施还不够完善，技术设备水平较低。

4.运输成本高：农产品冷链物流中的低温保鲜、冷藏和冷冻等技术要求会增加运输成本，而农产品价格的竞争压力较大，导致农产品冷链物流成本较高。

对策研究1.加强政府支持：政府应加大对农产品冷链物流的支持力度，通过制定相关政策和出台资金扶持措施，鼓励企业投资冷链物流设备，提高农产品冷链物流的技术设备水平。

2.增加冷链物流基础设施建设：加大对冷链物流基础设施的建设投入，包括冷库、保鲜设备和运输车辆等，提升农产品冷链物流的运输能力和保鲜技术水平。

3.推动农产品冷链物流标准化建设：制定农产品冷链物流的相关标准，规范冷链物流的操作流程和技术要求，提高农产品冷链物流的质量和效率。

4.引导农民合理种植：通过开展农业合作社等组织形式，引导农民根据市场需求合理种植农产品，减少农产品的过剩和浪费现象，降低农产品冷链物流的运输成本。

5.加强农产品质量安全监管：对农产品冷链物流环节进行监管，加强对冷链物流设施的安全评估和风险控制，确保农产品冷链物流的质量和安全性。

6.增加国际合作：我国可以加强与冷链物流发达国家的合作，学习其先进的冷链物流管理经验和技术，提高我国农产品冷链物流的发展水平。

某农产品冷链物流现状和发展趋势调研报告农产品冷链物流是指将农产品从生产地直接运输到消费地的过程中，通过科学合理的温度控制和相应的物流设施保持农产品的新鲜度和品质，以确保产品的安全运输和保鲜，同时提高农产品的附加值。

以下是农产品冷链物流现状和发展趋势的调研报告。

一、农产品冷链物流现状1.现有冷链物流设施不足目前国内农产品冷链物流设施建设相对滞后，尤其是在农村地区，冷链设施建设几乎没有。

这导致了很多农产品在运输过程中无法得到恰当的保鲜处理，降低了产品的品质和市场竞争力。

2.物流信息化程度有待提高农产品冷链物流的信息化程度较低，缺乏统一的信息平台和数据共享机制，导致产品质量追踪的难度加大。

同时，缺乏有效的物流管理系统使得物流流程无法高效运作，增加了物流成本和运输时间。

3.冷链物流人才短缺目前农产品冷链物流相关人才数量不足，特别是高级冷链物流管理人才的匮乏。

这导致了冷链物流业务的运作和管理能力不足，影响了农产品的保鲜效果和物流效率。

二、农产品冷链物流发展趋势1.加大冷链物流设施建设投入随着国家对农业现代化发展的高度重视，冷链物流设施建设将得到大力支持和投入。

特别是在农村地区，政府应优先给予冷链物流设施建设资金支持，提高农产品的物流条件。

2.推进冷链物流信息化建设加强冷链物流信息化建设，建立统一的信息平台和数据共享机制，提高物流运营的整体效率和运作的可视化程度。

同时，加强物流管理系统的建设，提高物流流程的可控性和效率。

3.培养冷链物流人才队伍加大对冷链物流人才培养的投入和力度，建立完善的人才培养体系，提高冷链物流管理人才的数量和质量。

此外，通过举办培训班和研讨会等方式，提高农产品冷链物流从业人员的专业水平。

4.强化农产品质量追溯体系建设建立健全的农产品质量追溯体系，加强对农产品生产、加工、贮运和销售环节的监管，确保农产品的质量和安全。

同时，通过质量追溯体系的建设，提高产品的市场认可度和竞争力。

5.推动农产品冷链物流与电商结合随着电商的快速发展，农产品冷链物流与电商结合将成为未来的发展趋势。

毕业论文农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策2012年月日摘要我国的冷链物流源于上世纪50年代的肉食品外贸出口业务。

l982年颁布的《食品卫生法》进一步推动了我国的冷链物流的发展。

最近的20多年里，随着人们生活水平的提高，我国冷链物流进入快速发展的轨道。

我国是食品产销大国，冷链物流前景非常广阔。

冷链物流建设无论从经济效益还是社会效益来看，都具有巨大的投资回报价值。

冷链物流的发展能够最大程度地保证农产品质量，提高农产品在流通市场上的价值，从而实现农民增收。

与发达国家相比，我国冷链物流仍处于起步阶段，大部分需要进入冷链物流系统的商品，尚处于常温物流系统流通。

据统计，我国每年大约有4亿吨鲜活农产品进人流通领域，其中约90％的肉类、95％的水果与蔬菜、80％的水产品没有进入冷链物流系统，由此造成的损失巨大。

以蔬菜、水果为例，发达国家产后损耗率为5％左右，而我国超过30％，每年果品腐烂近1 200万吨，蔬菜腐烂1．3亿吨，每年造成的直接经济损失达1 000多亿元。

由此看来，发展冷链物流，对提高农民收入，改善城乡居民生活有着重要意义。

关键词：农产品冷链物流问题及对策目录第一章导论 (1)1.1研究背景及意义 (1)1.2研究方法 (1)1.3技术路线 (3)1.4面临的形势 (6)1.5发展与创新 (8)第二章理论与分析 (13)2.1指导思想 (13)2.2基本原则 (13)2.3理论分析 (14)2.4文献综述（国内外研究） (16)第三掌发展现状 (22)3.1我国农产品冷链物流发展的现状 (22)3.2农场品市场规模 (25)3.3市场发展前景 (28)3.4重点工程 (29)第四章实质分析 (32)4.1推广现代冷链物流理念与技术 (32)4.2完善冷链物流标准体系 (32)4.3建立主要品种和重点地区农产品冷链物流体系 (33)4.4加快培育第三方冷链物流企业 (34)4.5加强冷链物流基础设施建设 (34)4.6加快冷链物流装备与技术升级 (35)4.7推动冷链物流信息化 (35)第五章对策建议 (37)5.1加强协调 (37)5.2完善政策 (37)5.3 整合资源 (37)5.4增加收入 (38)5.6培养人才 (38)5.7完善法规与监督 (39)第六章结论 (40)致谢 (41)参考文献 (42)第一章导论1.1研究背景及意义“我国水果、蔬菜等农副产品在采摘、运输、储存等流通环节上的损失率高达25%- 30%, 其中, 在运送路上腐烂的果蔬每年就有3.7 万吨, 可供2 亿人的生活??而发达国家果蔬损失率控制在5%以内。

1782021,V^l.41,No.02农业与技术※农业经济农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策研究文献综述赵国利(成都信息工程大学物流学院，四川成都610100)摘要：本文对于目前农产品冷链物流的概念、绩效评价和技术展开一定研究活动，为后续的深入研究提供借鉴。

通过对比国内外农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策研究，结果表明，国外比国内较早的研讨农产品冷链物流的发展过程，我国农产品冷链物流还存在农产品冷链流通率低、物流设备设施欠缺、相关技术标准不健全等问题。

研究农产品冷链物流的目的，是为了在现状中发现问题，以便采取措施来促进农产品冷链物流发展时，有针对、有先后地解决问题的关键点。

能为冷链物流体系的发展提供一条新路径，对冷链物流的建设提供新的思路，推动农产品冷链物流的经济发展。

关键词：农产品冷链物流；现状；对策中图分类号：［S-9］文献标识码：A DOI：10.19754/j.nyyjs.202101300521国内研究综述2020年为止，我国大概有14.2亿人口，农村人口占绝大多数，是一个真正意义上的农业大国、人口大国。

从古至今，农业作为第一产业，在人们的生产和生活中扮演着重要的角色。

但是不管是从农产品的市场发展空间来看，还是农产品的产量来看，都面临着农产品冷链物流发展的机遇与挑战。

我国农产品冷链物流起步很晚，并且农产品冷链物流产业的发展相当滞后。

在经济高速发展的今天，消费者对生鲜农产品的观念产生了巨大改变，对农产品冷链物流提出了更高要求。

然而，我国生鲜农产品却面临着冷链物流体系成本高、效率低、损耗高等一系列严重的问题。

因此，国内的研究学者需要增加对农产品冷链物流这一新领域的关注度，应加快建设农产品冷链物流体系，同时把物流业的基础理论融合到农产品的冷链物流流通体系中来，并且深入研究农产品冷链物流业的发展。

总体来看，国内研究学者在农产品冷链物流这一新兴领域出现后进行探索，没有得出较为统一的定论，通过总结归纳，主要包含以下3个方面内容。

河北科技师范学院本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译商业智能在打造无缝冷链物流中的应用院（系、部）名称：商务管理系专业名称：物流管理学生姓名：宋国栋学生学号：9116100407指导教师：李丽杰2013年12月15日河北科技师范学院教务处制Applications of business intelligence in making cold chains seamlessAzimuddin KhanAbstractDue to intense competition, it has become inevitable for business organisations world over to become efficient and cost effective. Seamless cold chain infrastructure is critical for the success of cold chain business. Concurrent growth in demand for products such as fresh agricultural produce, frozen food, photographic films, chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs has lead to the necessity of managing cold chains intelligently. The managers of cold chains at strategic and functional level need actionable information for making their organisations agile. In the recent times, the concept of business intelligence has gained momentum and found application in diverse areas. In this paper, authors have made an effort to develop a framework of BI system for cold chains and highlighted the application areas of business intelligence for cold chains including a case study of cold chain business.Keywords: cold chains; business intelligence; BI; analytics; supply chain;1.IntroductionIndia falls short of 10 million tons cold storage facilities for storing agriculture-based produce, it has nearly 21.7 million tons of such storage facilities against required 31 million tons, and as a result 40% of produce is lost in fields after post-harvesting(KPMG-ASSOCHAM, 2009). India is a populous country and resource utilisation is always a major concern, to meet the demand. The demand for perishable food stuff, i.e., farm produce like fruits, vegetables and milk products, meat, fish, frozen food, photographic films, chemicals, and pharmaceutical drugs is increasing world over. This has also increased concerns regarding food hygiene and safety during storage and transportation to end point.The cold chains are providing integration of farm, processing, warehousing, distribution and retail business. Discrepancies in cold chain management can render products unfit for use so much so that consumption of these can even pose a threat to life. According to Bourlakis and Weightman (2004),the cold chains are vital. Effective management of cold chains is crucial for maintaining the safety, sanctity of food, and profitability of business.Technology finds significant application in facilitating processes related to warehouse, inventory, transportation, and distribution. These processes generate huge volumes of data. Such large volumes of data need to be analysed, streamlined and channelised in an intelligent manner to make organisation agile (Khan and Saxena, 2010). The sensible extract of information aids in prudent decision-making and contributes to value proposition for business by making them more competitive with proper utilisation of business intelligence (BI).In this backdrop, an attempt has been made to understand the concept of BI with reference to cold chains, development of framework for implementation of BI solution, identifying the application areas of BI for cold chains. To date, there have been few academic studies on the use of BI solutionsin cold chains, yet, ractitioners and researchers are interested in understanding the concept for improving performance and profits using BI. An attempt has also been made to understand the cold chain business through a case study of cold chain company.2. Concept of BITechnology has empowered cold chain business to access huge volume of data, which plays a critical role in planning and controlling of cold chain activities like warehousing management, transportation, distribution operation, freight management and of course the compliance management.In the year 1989, Howard Dresner, a research scholar at Garter Group (an IT research and advisory firm in Connecticut) popularised the term BI with a set of methods and concepts to improve business decision-making by using data resources. Simon and Shaffer (2001) stated that the period from 1990 to 1999 was a remarkable decade in which many core computing and communication technologies and developments from the prior decade came together and transformed the method of business. In 1990s, technology led to the birth and widespread acceptance of applications such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM). Due to failure of distributed database management system, organisations pursued data warehousing, where data would be consolidated from many distributed and heterogeneous stores of data. Organisations that built and deployed data warehouses typically focused their usage on the informational/analytical side to generate reports, analyse trends, and so on.McDonald et al. (2002) stated that “once the data warehouse has been constructed, the stage is set for effective business intelligence”. A data warehouse provid es the supportinfrastructure for BI. BI is built on the foundation of data warehouse. Kalakota and Robinson (2001) define BI “as a group of applications that enable both the active and passive delivery of information or rather turn raw data into actionable intelligence. Data and information are collected from large databases to answer to mission-critical questions asked by its managers”. Gangadharan and Swami (2004) stated that BI is the result of in-depth analysis of detailed business data, including database and application technologies, as well as analysis practice. According to Moss and Hoberman (2004), the processes, technologies, and tools needed to turn data into information, information into knowledge and knowledge into plans, drive profitable business action. BI encompasses data warehousing, business analytics tools and content/knowledge management.Turban et al. (2007) infersthat “organizations are being compelled to capture, understand and harness their data to support decision making in order to improve business operations. Business cycle times are now extremely compressed; faster, more informed, and better decision-making is therefore a competitive imperative”. BI starts with day to day information that organisations need to run the business and assist to take correct decision based on facts at right time and at right place through out the life of business by doing analytics. This is a modern mantra for modern approaches to BI.As per Cody et al. (2002), BI and knowledge management technologies have been used in improving the quantitative and qualitative value of the knowledge available todecision-makers. BI has applied the functionality, scalability, and reliability of modern database management systems to build ever-larger data warehouses, and to utilise BI tools to extract business analytics from the vast amount of available enterprise data. BI systems facilitate the decision-makers to correct their intuition by taking advantage of analytical tools, which can test and verify intuition before applying it to the decision-making process. Decision-maker can also use predictive models to improve their decision-making. The current state of decision-making is forcing companies, to reap the real benefits of BI. BI solution can turn dynamic, detail data into information, and make it available in real-time to thedecision-makers. Actionable information must be accessible on-demand when it is required. It provides trends and patterns that might otherwise go undetected and unseen bydecision-makers.3. Framework for implementation of BI in cold chainsThe BI can be built with the use of technology through BI system, refining the processes and BI tools for analytics. BI can be applied at all three levels in the cold chains, i.e., strategic, tactical and operational. A framework has been proposed in Figure 1. The framework includes four basic components which are existing IT setup, Transformation tools, data warehousing and various BI tools for analytics.3.1 Existing IT setup for data collectionIn an organisation, online transaction processing system and other enterprise application generate huge volume of data. These data are stored in databases. These databases along with application software, present the business information to the business user through IT infrastructure including PC, Notebook, Tablet, Smart Phone and networks. All the applications for running cold chain business including warehouse management, logistic management, network planning, RFID tracking and monitoring, CRM, inventory management, quality assurance, HR application, order management and data management generate huge volume of data with different database at different location. There are certain external information, and data about the financial and market information which are taken from research organisations, government, regulatory bodies and company’s websites, audio, video, spatial and supplier data. Data can also come from e-mail, voice application, images, spatial data taken from satellite and regulatory compliance (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)/ISO 22000 norms) (Keener, 2007). Cold chain business has to heavily rely on radio frequency identification (RFID) tags attached to items, cases or pallets, monitor and log the environment temperature at predefined intervals duringtransportation or product lifecycle. The recorded data can be read and analysedin real time for better analytics.3.2 Data transformation toolsThe objective of this stage is to define and design data management strategy to ensure that organisation has right information and uses it properly. The greatest challenge is to collect the clean data, that too from various sources so that BI solution delivers the correct actionable information to management at different levels. The organisation should concentrate on quality of data, and investment must be made to ensure high levels of data quality. The duplicate data should be unified as it comes from various sources. The data coming from transaction system is atomic level data and should be recorded in detailed form. It is necessary to first clean and validate it using business rules through data cleansing tools. Transformation procedure defines business logic which maps data from its source to destination. Extract, transfer and load (ETL)tools are very helpful to reduce the development time, manage the flow of data from source to destination and upload data to tables of data warehouse.3.3 Data warehousing and data martInmon (1995) defined a “data warehouse as a centralized repository (collection of resources that can be accessed to retrieve information) of an organization’s electronically stored data, designed to facilitate reporting and analysis”. Kimball and Ross (2002) have given another approach where data marts are first created to provide reporting and analytical capabilities for specific business processes. Data marts contain, primarily, dimensions and facts. Facts cancontain either atomic data and, if necessary, summarised data. The single data mart can be build for specific business area such as sales or production. These data marts can eventually beintegrated to create a comprehensive data warehouse. The data warehouse is a play ground for analytics and it provides retrieval of data without slowing down operational systems.3.4 BI tools for analyticsThere are many categories of tools available in the BI market. BI vendors are now also consolidating tools in every category to provide complete BI solution to companies. However, some organisations still prefer to have best of breed strategy in which they select BI tools in each category from different vendors. The various categories are query and reporting, online analytical processing, dashboards and scorecards, performance management, predictive analytics and data mining and advanced visualisation.BI can derive better return on investment (ROI) from complex integrated cold chain management software and other operational systems implemented by unlocking the wealth of information stored in these systems.4.Application areas of BI for cold chainsThe cold chain business is constantly searching for cost effective methods to remain competitive in fast changing world where margins are thin, customer expectation is very high, regulatory compliances are mandatory, and product life is very short. Companies in cold chain are working hard to adopt the information technology to get the rich insight into the hidden trends through cold chain analytics. The BI system provides reports, analyses, and monitors the vast corporate data. It also helps companies to reduce supply chain production cost,improve efficiencies, accuracy, increase revenue and performance. The cold chain analytics also provides the details to reduce waste, produce fresher, higher quality products, and enhance the economic value generated from perishable food industry by giving 360-degree overview of financial and operational results. As per suggested framework, various BI tools can be utilised to generate various analytics in following areas of cold chain business.4.1 Supply chain intelligenceSupply chain intelligence allows cold chains to evaluate supplier performance to negotiate prices, ensure timely deliveries and maintain high standard of quality by analysing the demand patterns, supply networks, operations and customer service requirements.Wal-Mart has set the standard of supply chain analytics. With the analytics driven intelligence, supply chain disruption can be reduced to better manage suppliers. Commodity classification provides information regarding procurement data from various sources within or outside company and classify the spend information into meaningful categories to understand true volumes per commodity. This can be used to develop the sourcing strategies. Spend analysis provides a dynamic ranking system for identifying and prioritising the most valuable suppliers. Demand driven forecasting allows planning of future requirements and management of supply chain by using statistical models. Scenario planning and what if analysis reduces the finished goods inventory and stockouts. The complete process of optimisation of plans and procedures creates an everlasting and sustainable competitive advantage for the organisation throughout a supply chain despite the risks associatedso commonly with unbounded challenges.4.2 Transportation analyticsIncreasing fuel costs, international expansion, and global competition has forced to useBI to streamline operations, distribution, and fleet management. BI optimises service and ensures consistent on-time performance for cold chains. Customers are demanding more services at lower prices, making operational efficiency improvements a requirement for maintaining acceptable profitability. The process of getting products delivered from one place to another on time, efficiently, and at the lowest costwithout losing life are main objectives of cold chains. The temperature conditions at origin and destination, seasonal temperature, load configurations, transport routes and modes, total duration of transit, duration and location of handling and stopover points are very important factors for temperature sensitive transportation. In thisextremely competitive business, one late delivery or losing quality of products can miss revenue opportunities and a lost customerforever. BI tools can help gain insight into the complex process of transportation by providing carrier performance evaluation, mode-cost analysis, supplier compliance analysis, carrier relationship management, capacity planning, cycle time analysis, routing and scheduling, truck and driver performance analysis, and root cause and claims analysis.4.3 Warehouse analyticsWarehouse management provides the ability to know the location of stock, time of requirement, and transporting it correctly in the shortest time. BI provides inventory analysis, warehouse performance analysis based on picking accuracy, shipping accuracy, lines per hour, overtime hours and on time shipments, picking analysis to improve warehouse efficiency and layout design, and warehouse space utilisation analysis for getting cost per unit of space over a period of time.4.4 Inventory analysisInventory optimisation analysis enables to reduce the over capacity and ensure sufficient supplies, monitor carrying cost for obsolete and slow moving items and usage across location and time. These analyses provides inventory carrying costs, inventory turns, order fulfilment lead time, percentage of backorders, average item inventory, finished goods on hands, etc. The intelligent analytics provides improved quality, reduces spoilage, and lowers rejections to make the customer or retailer more satisfied.4.5 Quality life cycle analysis4.6 Asset maintenance analytics4.7 Customer intelligence4.8 Financial analytics4.9 Customer profitability analysis6 Conclusions5.ConclusionsLike every other business, cold chain business has also become fiercely competitive. In order to stay ahead, and remain competitive, the cold chains should implement BI solution. Huge volume of data generation from existing applications like warehouse management, logistics management, inventory management, RFID tracking and monitoring, order management, quality assurance, CRM, and supply chain management has given an opportunity to manager to take smart decision based on analytics rather than intuition. The suggested framework will guide cold chains to streamline their operation. BI solution implementation requires basic operational system in place. With rapid development of information technology, communication system and reduction of cost of smart phones has opened the new doors for cold chains to provide the mobile BI to their executives. There are some new trends like BI search, BI gadgets, and query as web service will make a lot of difference in future BI and those who implement BI solutions intelligently will definite have an edge over others.摘要随着全球竞争的加剧，企业如何控制成本，使企业运营变得更加高效越来越成为世界上所有企业不得不面对的课题。

农产品冷链物流的现状问题与对策农产品冷链物流是指用于农产品运输和储存的冷藏设备、运输工具及相关设施和服务的物流系统。

它是保持农产品新鲜度、保质期和品质的重要环节。

然而，农产品冷链物流在现实中面临着一些问题，需要采取一些对策来解决。

本文将就农产品冷链物流的现状、问题及对策展开讨论。

首先，我们来看农产品冷链物流的现状。

随着农产品需求的增加和消费者对食品安全和品质的要求提高，农产品冷链物流得到了广泛应用。

目前，农产品冷链物流市场规模逐年扩大，物流服务商也纷纷涌现。

然而，农产品冷链物流仍存在一些问题。

首先是设施不完善。

农产品冷链物流需要大量的冷藏设备、运输工具和仓储设施，但目前存在供给不足和配备不适应的情况。

其次，操作流程不规范。

农产品冷链物流需要严格的操作流程来确保冷链环节的有效执行，但目前普遍存在操作不规范和管理薄弱的问题。

再次，运输过程中的温度控制不到位。

农产品的质量和新鲜度与温度密切相关，但目前农产品在运输过程中存在温度控制不到位的问题，导致产品的质量损失。

此外，信息不对称也是一个存在的问题。

生产者、物流服务商和消费者之间的信息不对称导致了物流过程中的不透明性和信息断档的问题。

针对以上问题，我们可以采取一些对策来解决。

首先，加大对农产品冷链物流设施建设的投入。

政府和企业应加大对冷藏设备、运输工具和仓储设施的投资，提高设施的供给质量和数量。

其次，加强农产品冷链物流操作规范和技术培训。

政府和相关部门应出台相关标准和规范，对物流从业人员进行培训和考核，提高操作的规范性和技术水平。

再次，加强温度监控和管理。

物流企业应加强对运输过程中的温度控制和监测，并建立相应的温度报警和应急处理机制。

此外，建立起农产品冷链物流的信息平台。

政府和企业应积极推动信息化建设，建立起农产品冷链物流信息共享平台，实现信息的透明和共享，提高物流过程的可追溯性和可控性。

综上所述，农产品冷链物流在现实中存在一些问题，需要采取一些对策来加以解决。

“我国水果、蔬菜等农副产品在采摘、运输、储存等流通环节上的损失率高达25%- 30%, 其中, 在运送路上腐烂的果蔬每年就有3.7万吨,可供2亿人的生活??而发达国家果蔬损失率控制在5%以内。

”广东省农业厅市场与经济信息处副处长张锦生在接受信息时报记者采访时如是说。

由此可见,在三农问题凸显的今天, 如何降低农产品的损失率、减少不必要的经济损失已经引起了整个社会尤其是政府层面的关注。

农产品冷链物流出现为这一问题的解决提供了新的思路。

一、农产品冷链物流的概念冷链物流, 也叫低温物流(LOWTEMPERATURELOGISTCS)是一种特殊物流形式,其主要对象是易腐食品( 包括原料及产品) , 所以国外普遍称其为易腐食品冷藏链(PERISHABLE FOOD COLDCHAIN)。

冷链物流是以冷冻工艺学为基础,以人工制冷技术为手段,以生产流通为衔接,以达到保持食品质量完好与安全的一个系统工程(张迎新,2004)。

而本文所指的农产品冷链物流是指以水果、蔬菜、鱼肉、禽蛋等为代表的生鲜农产品从产地采购、加工、贮藏、运输、销售直到消费的各个环节都处于低温环境中, 以保证农产品的质量, 减少农产品的损耗, 防止农产品的变质和污染。

二、我国农产品冷链物流发展的现状( 一) 与发达国家相比,我国农产品在整个流通中损耗高,物流成本居高不下生鲜农产品需要通过低温储藏才能使其最大限度地保持天然食品原有的新鲜程度、色泽、风味和营养, 但我国目前大约有90%的肉类、80%的水产品、大量的牛奶和豆制品基本上还是在没有冷链保证的情况下运销。

相比之下日本果蔬在流通过程中有98%通过冷链, 果蔬损失率控制在5%以下。

美国的蔬菜水果低温物流更为典型,产品可以一直处于产后生理需要的低温状态并形成一条冷链: 田间采后预冷——冷库——冷藏车运输——批发站冷库——超市冷柜——消费者冰箱, 水果蔬菜在物流环节的损耗率仅有1%-2%。

和发达国家相比,我国农产品在流通过程中不仅损耗高, 而且物流成本高。

生鲜农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策研究1. 引言说到生鲜农产品，大家一定都能想到那诱人的水果、鲜嫩的蔬菜，还有那香喷喷的海鲜。

可你知道吗？这些美味的食材从田间地头到你家餐桌的路上，可是一条艰辛的旅程啊！尤其是冷链物流，这可不是个简单的概念。

冷链物流，就是让生鲜食品在运输过程中保持低温，确保它们的新鲜和品质。

今天，我们就来聊聊这条生鲜农产品的“高速公路”，以及它目前的发展状况和一些对策，轻松又幽默，绝对不让你打瞌睡！2. 发展现状2.1 市场规模不断扩大先来看看现状，近年来，随着大家对健康饮食的重视，生鲜农产品的市场规模可谓是“芝麻开花——节节高”。

越来越多的人愿意花时间和金钱，去追求那些新鲜、健康的食材。

商家们看在眼里，开始纷纷加大投资，搞起了冷链物流。

数据显示，冷链物流市场的年均增长率已经超过了20%，这可真是个“热火朝天”的局面。

2.2 技术逐渐升级说到冷链物流，大家可能会想到冰箱、冷柜，其实背后还有很多高科技的“黑科技”。

比如说，现在有很多企业开始使用物联网技术，实时监控温度变化，确保食材在运输过程中不会“受冻”或者“发霉”。

而且，现代化的冷链物流不仅仅局限于运输，还有仓储、配送，简直就是一个“全能型选手”。

然而，虽然技术在不断升级，但咱们的冷链物流在某些地方还是存在“短腿”的问题。

3. 存在的问题3.1 基础设施不足首先，基础设施这块儿还真是个大难题。

虽然一线城市的冷链物流已经相对成熟，但在一些二三线城市，甚至偏远地区，冷链物流的设施还得“再接再厉”。

很多地方的运输工具还停留在“冷藏车”的阶段，甚至有些地方连冷库都没有，导致生鲜食品的损耗率居高不下，真是让人心疼。

3.2 成本压力巨大再说说成本。

冷链物流虽然可以保证食品的新鲜，但这背后的费用可不是小数目。

运输、仓储、人工等各种成本让不少企业“捉襟见肘”。

有时候，商家为了节省成本，不得不在运输过程中选择放弃冷链，结果一车的海鲜到了目的地，就变成了一堆“海味”的“历史遗留问题”，让人痛心不已。

农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策研究农产品冷链物流是指采用现代冷冻、冷藏、冷冻技术和装备，以及科学合理的物流管理方法，对农产品进行运输、仓储、销售等活动的一种物流模式。

冷链物流的发展对于保持农产品新鲜度、延长保质期、提高附加值、减少损耗等方面具有重要意义。

然而，目前农产品冷链物流在我国的发展还面临一些问题和挑战。

下面将对农产品冷链物流的现状及对策进行研究。

目前，我国农产品冷链物流存在以下不足之处：1.基础设施薄弱：我国农村地区的冷链物流设施建设相对滞后，大部分地方缺乏先进的冷库、冷链车辆等设备。

2.运输过程中损耗严重：由于运输条件不佳，农产品在运输过程中容易受损，造成损耗。

3.缺乏信息化管理：目前农产品冷链物流缺乏信息化管理系统，无法进行实时监控、跟踪和管理。

为了提高农产品冷链物流的发展水平，应采取以下对策：1.建设冷链物流基础设施：加大投资力度，加快冷链物流设施建设，尤其是冷库、冷链车辆等基础设施的建设。

同时，加强农村地区的冷链物流设施建设，提高农产品冷链物流覆盖率。

2.引进先进技术和设备：引进先进的冷链物流技术和设备，提高运输、仓储、保鲜等环节的技术水平，降低损耗率。

例如，可以采用冷藏集装箱、冷链运输车等先进设备，提高运输效率和保鲜效果。

3.加强冷链物流管理：建立健全农产品冷链物流信息化管理系统，实现对农产品运输、仓储、销售等环节的实时监控和管理。

可以利用物联网、云计算等技术手段，对冷链物流进行远程监控和管理。

4.加强农产品冷链物流标准化建设：制定和完善农产品冷链物流的标准和规范，提高物流环节的质量控制水平。

例如，可以建立冷链物流质量追溯体系，对农产品的运输、仓储、销售等环节进行追溯，确保农产品的质量安全。

5.加强农产品冷链物流人才培养：加大对冷链物流相关专业人才的培养力度，提高冷链物流从业人员的水平，推动农产品冷链物流的发展。

综上所述，要发展我国农产品冷链物流，需要加强基础设施建设，引进先进技术和设备，加强物流管理，推动标准化建设，并加强人才培养。

农产品冷链物流的现状与发展趋势农产品是人们的日常生活必需品，而现代物流技术已经使得农产品可以在全国乃至全球范围内流通。

为了保证农产品物流质量，减少食品浪费，农产品冷链物流已成为必然趋势。

下面，我们将探讨农产品冷链物流的现状和未来发展趋势。

一、农产品冷链物流现状目前，我国农产品冷链物流发展尚处于起步阶段，主要表现在以下几个方面：1.冷链物流设施不足。

由于历史原因和投资成本高，我国大部分地区缺乏先进的冷链储存设施，导致农产品冷链物流普及率低。

2.监管不严。

农产品流通中存在多个环节，监管相对薄弱，导致农产品冷链物流环节中出现质量问题的风险较大。

3.运输安全问题。

由于路况不良、人车混行等原因，农产品冷链物流过程中，容易受到地形、气候、人为等因素的影响，导致货物受损的风险较高。

以上是我国农产品冷链物流现状的主要表现，这些问题的存在制约了我国农产品冷链物流的发展。

二、农产品冷链物流的发展趋势1.加强冷链设施建设随着经济水平的不断提高和社会福利的逐步完善，人们对冷链物流的需求将逐步增加。

在这种情况下，冷链设施的建设将是关键，随着科技的进步和投资的加大，建设大型的冷库和冷链运输车辆将变得更加切实可行。

2.提高运输安全性为了减少农产品冷链物流中货物损失率，加强对货物的管理和监控变得尤为重要。

在运输过程中，利用物联网技术、GPS和互联网技术等，可以实现对冷链运输环节的全程监控和记录，精准把控货物运输质量。

3.国家政策的支持息农业大国的地位，加快乡村振兴的步伐，培育新型农业经营主体等国家政策的实施对农业发展有着重要的支持作用。

在设备、科技、财政、税收等多方面的措施中，逐步完善农产品冷链物流配套设备、技术和服务体系，将促进我国农产品流通的质量和效率，助力农业向现代化发展。

4.加强监管力度农产品冷链物流监管环节中的弱点和漏洞很容易被不法分子利用，因此，监管机构要严格加强对农产品冷链物流的监督和管理，确保农产品冷链物流的质量和安全。

农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策研究目前，农产品冷链物流在我国发展还面临着一些问题。

首先，农产品冷链物流设施建设滞后，农村地区对冷链设施的投入不足。

这导致农产品运输过程中温度变化大，易导致农产品变质。

其次，冷链物流运输成本较高。

农产品冷链物流所需要的低温设备和技术较为昂贵，同时，冷链物流运输距离长，且运输过程中需要保持低温，增加了运输成本。

此外，冷链物流的管理和技术水平有待提高，运输过程中往往缺乏有效的温度监控和管理手段。

针对上述问题，我们可以采取一些对策来推动农产品冷链物流的发展。

首先，加大对农村地区冷链物流设施建设的投入。

政府可以出台相关政策，鼓励和支持农村地区建设冷链设施，提高冷链设施的覆盖率。

其次，加强农产品冷链物流管理和监管。

建立健全冷链物流管理制度，提高冷链物流的管理水平。

同时，加强产品质量监测和溯源体系建设，确保农产品的质量与安全。

此外，加强冷链物流企业与农产品生产企业的合作，建立冷链物流和农产品生产的产业链，提高农产品冷链物流的效率和质量。

此外，还可以通过技术创新来推动农产品冷链物流的发展。

利用物联网、大数据、云计算等技术，建立起全链条的温度监控和管理系统，提高冷链物流的可追溯性和信息化水平。

同时，开发和推广新型的低温保鲜技术，提高冷链物流的能效和降低成本。

综上所述，农产品冷链物流的发展关乎着农产品的质量和安全，需要政府、企业以及科研机构的共同努力。

加强冷链物流设施建设、提高管理水平、加强合作和技术创新，可以推动农产品冷链物流的发展，提高农产品的附加值和市场竞争力。

农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策研究概述农产品是人民生活中不可或缺的重要组成部分，而农产品的储存及运输环节则是农产品质量的关键环节。

随着人们对食品安全的要求日益提高，农产品冷链物流逐渐成为优化农产品质量的重要手段。

本文将对农产品冷链物流发展现状进行分析，并提出相应的对策。

一、农产品冷链物流发展现状1.缺乏统一标准目前，国内农产品冷链物流仍存在着缺乏统一标准的问题。

不同地区、不同企业对冷链物流的要求存在差异，导致整个行业缺乏规范性和一致性。

这使得农产品的冷链物流过程中容易发生误操作和损失，降低了农产品的品质和市场竞争力。

2.基础设施薄弱农产品冷链物流的发展需要依赖于完善的基础设施，包括冷库、冷藏车等。

目前，国内农产品冷链物流的基础设施建设还相对薄弱，尤其是在农村地区。

冷链物流设施的不足限制了农产品的运输和储存，增加了农产品在运输过程中的损耗。

3.缺乏信息化支持农产品冷链物流需要多环节的信息交流与数据共享，以确保冷链物流的顺畅进行。

然而，目前农产品冷链物流的信息化程度相对较低，信息交流不畅、数据共享不完善。

这使得农产品在冷链物流过程中缺乏实时监控和追溯能力，影响了农产品质量的保障。

二、对策研究1.建立统一标准为了解决农产品冷链物流缺乏统一标准的问题，需要加强行业间的协调与合作，建立冷链物流服务的统一标准。

通过制定统一的规范，明确各个环节的责任和要求，提高农产品冷链物流的规范性和一致性。

2.加强基础设施建设加大对农产品冷链物流基础设施的投入力度，提升冷库、冷藏车等设施的建设水平。

特别是在农村地区，加强对农产品冷链物流基础设施的建设，缩小城乡物流差距，提升农产品的储存和运输能力。

3.推动信息化发展加强农产品冷链物流信息化建设，推动信息技术在冷链物流中的应用。

建立统一的信息平台，实现农产品冷链物流的信息共享和数据交流，提高农产品在冷链物流过程中的实时监控和追溯能力，提升农产品质量和安全保障水平。

4.加强人才培养培养专业化的冷链物流人才队伍，提高从业人员的专业水平和服务意识。

Research on Cold Chain Logistics of Characteristic Agricultural Products i n W e s t e r n C h i n aAbstract:The article is written to summarize the problems of cold chain logistics of characteristic agricultural products in western China by analyzing the development status. It puts forward the measures of development by the way of combining with the features of western China, referencing the experience from developed countries, and give consultations to speed up the development of characteristic agricultural products in western China .Key words:Characteristic agricultural products; Western China; cold chain logistics; strategyChina's western region has rich agricultural resources, the output of major agricultural products in 12 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities occupying a considerable proportion across the country. In recent years, the development of pollution-free characteristic agriculture is very rapid, the western characteristics of agricultural products containing a huge market potential. While as a result of relative lag development, poor infrastructure, and lack of science and technology, the high-quality characteristics agricultural products are still unknown, and affected the formation of the agricultural industry as well as the local farmers' income. Since implementing the western development strategy, the state increased the intensity of support for ecological construction and infrastructure construction in the western areas, to markedly improve the communications, transportation, urban infrastructure and other hardware conditions, especially transportation condition, which provides a convenient conditions for the western region of agricultural products logistics development; at the same time, the development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products provides a new thought and method to further reduce the agricultural products loss and unnecessary economic loss, and bring hopes, opportunities and challenges in the development of modern logistics industry in western areas.1. Overview the development of Chinese agricultural cold chain logisticsCold chain logistics in our country, as produced in the '50s, has been promoted by "food hygiene law" promulgated in 1982. Since 1990s, our agricultural products cold chain logistics went through a rapid growth, and the overall level had greatly improved (table 1).Some leading enterprises of food industry had preliminarily set up agricultural products cold chain logistics system. The western development strategy which was implemented in2000 promoted the development speed of the western characteristic agricultural products cold chain logistics, especially the improvement of traffic and information conditions, and infrastructure construction of power grids, communications, radio and television, greatly promoting the western characteristic agricultural products logistics industry.In recent years, although the modern logistics of western agricultural products has a certain degree of development, it is still in its infancy. The concept of modern logistics has not yet been popularized in local, and logistics services is still in low level compared with the eastern areas. At the meantime, the number of western region logistics companies are far less than that in eastern region, including: the number of companies involved in rural logistics is less than 1/5 of the east, the total assets is far lower than eastern enterprises (table 2); and most of the enterprise can only provide the logistics services by individual or section, unable to form a complete logistics supply chain.Agricultural products cold chain logistics is still a relatively new field for the western region. There is a big gap between China and developed countries in agricultural cold chain logistics, and the development of the western region is obviously lagging behind the east. Therefore, speeding up the pace of agricultural products cold chain logistics development in western China would gradually narrow the gap, and improve the competitiveness of agricultural products in the west.Table 1 Agricultural products logistics development trend from 1992 to 2008Data sources: China federation of logistics and purchasing: the China logistics yearbook 2008, Supplies pressTable 2 Analysis table of logistics enterprise number and size in East, Mid and WestData sources: national supply and marketing cooperative information center "2004 annual national supply and marketing cooperatives system analysis of flow of goods"2 Present development situation of characteristic agricultural products cold chain logistics in western regions2.1 The problems of characteristics agricultural products logistics in the west are outstandingChina's western region has appeared a certain size of fresh agricultural products logistics distribution centers, and infrastructure construction of characteristic agricultural products logistics has also strengthened. Because of good prospects for development in western characteristics of fresh agricultural products logistics, some large agricultural enterprises and retail enterprises start to actively invest in low-temperature supply chain distribution system at and fresh food distribution center, while some large chain enterprises also begin to establish higher difficulties of characteristics fresh agricultural products, such as fruit and vegetable distribution center, preliminary building up western characteristic agricultural products supply chain and logistics system. As the construction of characteristic agricultural products logistics distribution center in the west, government and circulations are actively using advanced logistics technology and equipment, which creates a certain material base for achieving the specialized operation of the western characteristic agricultural product logistics.Although rapid growth of agricultural products logistics development and total cost of the agricultural products logistics, there are still problems. According to a survey of the Chinesefood industry association, because of the cold chain, there are about 12 million tons of fruit and 130 million tons of vegetables wasted each year in our country, at least $10 billion, especially over-long distances cold chain logistics in the west. How to solve the problem of western characteristic agricultural products cold chain logistics in our country, to seek for countermeasure of western characteristic agricultural products cold chain logistics, is the key and difficult point for western characteristic agricultural product logistics in our country.2.2 The overall level of the western characteristic agricultural products cold chain logistics is relatively lowCompared with the developed countries, overall level of our country’s agricultural products cold chain logistics is relatively low, and the circulation loss and logistics cost are high, relatively lags in the western region. Especially in the west, agricultural products logistics infrastructure is relatively backward and inefficient, storage and transportation conditions and tools, and information network platform and other facilities of agricultural products are relatively backward, causing severe loss in the circulation process of agricultural products; at the same time, the development of Chinese agricultural products logistics market has the phenomenon of regional imbalance. Due to the gap between the western region and developed areas in economy and consumption, informatization level is low, and logistics information network system in some areas is still in the blank. Only a handful of enterprises possess logistics information system, and the vast majority of companies do not yet have the ability to use modern information technology to deal with logistics information (table 3), so the agricultural products cold chain logistics development relatively lag.With the development of the agricultural products logistics industry, the demand for logistics professionals is also rising. Germany, the Netherlands and other countries attach great importance to the talent cultivation, but the logistics personnel training in our country has not been enough attention, especially in the west. Compared with other domestic regions, the number of logistics professionals, although there is no significant difference compared between eastern and western, but levels of physical handling and stevedore staff in the west significantly lower than practitioner with professional knowledge technical colleges and universities in the east (table 4).Table 3 analysis table of logistics enterprise informatization level in East, Mid and WestData sources: the research team of logistics industry development of Henan province in 2008, logistics industry development in Henan province and outlookTable 4 Analysis table of personnel of quantity and quality in logistics enterprises in East,Mid and WestData sources: national supply and marketing cooperative information center "annual national supply and marketing cooperatives system analysis of flow of goods in 2004" 2.3 The western agricultural cold chain logistics market potential is tremendousIn recent years, the cold chain logistics industry in our country rapidly expands from coastal regions to the central and western regions. Cold chain logistics industry has an obvious effect on promoting economic growth and improving the economic benefit. Fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, and dairy products cold chain logistics, such market segments have maintained a sound momentum of development, gradually standardized. According to relevant data of China logistics network, the scale of Chinese agricultural cold chain logistics market have reached about $1.35 trillion in 2008, and growing at 26% (figure 1).To solve the problem of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", governments at all levels in particular put emphasis on fresh agricultural products logistics, strengthening the construction of the fresh agricultural products logistics network. Built in 2005, our country has basically built national fresh agricultural products circulation network named "five vertical and two horizontal green channel". This "green channel" skeleton is throughout 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly, to provide a quick and convenient main method for fresh agricultural products across regions, long-distance transportation.Cold-chain logistics has entered a new period of rapid development, and our country government puts more emphasis on agricultural products cold chain logistics and provides constant support.From the point of overall level of cold chain logistics in our country, agricultural products cold chain logistics has not yet formed a complete system. At present, about 90% meat, 80% aquatic products, a lot of milk and soy products is basically distributed without a guarantee on cold chain. The lagged development of cold chain logistics influence the development of local agriculture and food industry in a great extent. The western characteristic agricultural products cold chain logistics market potential is much higher than other domestic areas.3 Problems and strategy for western characteristic agricultural products cold chain logistics in China3.1 Problems of western characteristic agricultural products cold chain logistics in China3.1.1 Cold-chain logistics infrastructure construction in west areas is relatively weak According to a report by the China economic information network, because such as fruits and vegetables and processing agricultural and sideline products subjected to traffic conditions, weather and local dealers and other aspects of reasons, rural areas in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces suffered direct economic loss of 1.24 billion yuan in 2005, which not only seriously influenced the farmers' production and living and also hurt farmers' enthusiasm and confidence.On the one hand, with the maturing and development of markets for agricultural products, western characteristic agricultural products cold chain logistics also goes through a rapid development. But on the other hand, the speed of construction of hardware and software is relatively a little slow. Logistics supply research center research that now more than 20% of food is wasted because of the cold storage problem in transit, with loss rate of 25% ~ 30% during harvesting, transportation, storage and logistics link in fruit, vegetables and other agricultural products, with about $9.25 billion a year in agricultural losses in transit, and those losses can meet the basic requirements of 200 million people, which means our wastage is the highest in the world; while developed countries’ lost can be controlled under 5%. Food refrigerated transport rate in Europe, America, Japan and others is up to 80% ~ 90%, and the eastern European countries by about 50%, while only about 10% in our country. Because of the lack of completed cold chain, it also causes high retail prices of certain food, even there is as high as 70% in price of some perishable food to be used to compensate the loss of value of goods in the process of logistics. And according to the international standard, the highestperishable goods logistics cost do not exceed 50% of its total cost. At present, overall hardware equipment of China’s agricultural product refrigerated transportation is in obsolete backwardness, with low transport efficiency, mainly adopting two forms of roads and railways. Refrigeration equipment is shown in table 5.Table 5 Cold-chain logistics refrigeration equipment at home and abroad3.1.2 Technology of western characteristic agricultural products cold chain logistics is lagged behindIn a long period, fresh fruits, vegetables and other agricultural products are the main export products in our country, but rough package and backward preservation technology made tens of thousands of tons of vegetable and fruit rotted every year, with serious economic loss. After repackaging imported agricultural product from other countries, entering domestic market price is far higher than when imported. Especially after China's accession to the WTO, with tariff cuts, foreign agricultural products pour into our market, more weaken the competitiveness of agricultural products in China.Hardware facilities are falling behind, and refrigerated transport efficiency is low. At present our country’s agricultural products refrigerated transport mainly adopts two forms of highway and railway, with very few refrigerated transport and refrigeration insulation cars. Most of the railway refrigerated transport is old mechanical quick-frozen wagons, lack of specification of the type of heat preservation of fresh cold storage trunk. In addition, theoriginal facilities are obsolete, and development and distribution is imbalanced, not for the agricultural product circulation system with low temperature protection, causing huge loss of agricultural products. A lot of cold storage function is unitary, with the result that the cold storage utilization rate did not increase with capacity and increase; when production off-season or short of raw material resources, cold storage are idle.3.1.3 Western characteristic agricultural product logistics management needs to be completed The agricultural products cold chain logistics management ability, on the one hand, is insufficient, with unsound system, weak management team, low-quality personnel business, lack of modern management knowledge and experience, combined with some unknown nature of the local agencies, unclear functions, lack of funds and hardware facilities, so it is difficult to adapt to the new situation. On the other hand, cold chain logistics in our country is with imperfect laws and regulations, facilities, equipment and operating rules, temperature control and so on are no unified standards and technical specifications; we also lack inspection in the process of shelf-life, packaging and temperature control of agricultural products transportation, and the system of social regulation also needs to be perfect.3.2 Development strategy of characteristics agricultural products cold chain logistics for west China3.2.1 The government needs to increase the control powerGovernments at all levels and departments concerned should fully understand the importance of agricultural products cold chain logistics to circulation of agricultural products, promote agricultural industrialization, and increase farmers' income, carrying out from the policies and regulations, planning layout, promote, capital support, etc. to provide efficient organizational guarantee for the development of agricultural products cold chain logistics, and treat?"national?logistics industry restructuring and revitalization plan"?implementation as an opportunity to promote agricultural product logistics management.3.2.2 Increasing investment in logistics infrastructure and innovation of logistics technology The virtuous development of the agricultural products cold chain logistics needs the support of good infrastructure, but equipment and equipment standardization degree of western characteristics agricultural products cold chain logistics is low, storage and transportation equipment of mechanization level is poorer. All those can lead unsound development of the infrastructure. Therefore, the relevant departments and units should increase investment in the western characteristic agricultural products logistics infrastructure construction, making the logistics facilities, distribution equipment and technology in line with international standards.Every link of agricultural products cold chain logistics must ensure that the product is in low temperature condition, and any omission will lead to the destruction of the quality, even causes the goods completely destroyed. Ongoing innovation of refrigeration method and packaging technology help to improve the overall level of agricultural products cold chain logistics development of west China. Therefore, we should use advanced technology to improve the existing refrigerated transport equipment, actively establish a unified, standard data computer management information system and electronic exchange system, conduct a comprehensive dynamic monitoring for a variety of refrigerator and cold storage, timely know the shelf life and libraries age of inventory products, actively develop mechanical cold plate refrigerated vehicles and refrigerated container, to satisfy the requirement of cold chain logistics.3.2.3?Introducing and training?cold chain logistics?professional and technical personnel, and establishing?professional technical teamThe lack of professional and technical personnel is a major shortness in the development of the western agricultural cold chain logistics in China. Limited by geographical condition, the logistics enterprises in western region use to engage in transportation and storage in the majority class. International logistics and port logistics enterprises are very few, so logistics employees more work in the low skills and labor intensity. But we should figure that putting forward the western development policy can play a positive role in development of logistics industry in western. With the further development of the western logistics industry, it will also provide broad space for development for the logistics personnel. At the same time, the experience of developed countries tells us that if we want to improve the comprehensive strength of the farming and animal husbandry in the western China and the ability of sustainable development, we must strengthen the training of professional and technical personnel.The cultivation of logistics professionals in China starts late, and colleges and universities setting up with logistics are less, especially less colleges and universities specializing in agricultural products logistics. Vigorously develop agricultural products logistics personnel vocational education, establishing agricultural products logistics education training center, training unemployed personnel from farmers or society, to meet the talent needs of agricultural products logistics.5 conclusionAgricultural products market is still in its primary stage in our country, with low management level, poor comprehensive service ability, few multi-function market, so regions are different.Therefore, based on the experience of the Netherlands, we could establish a comprehensive, professional cold chain logistics center; or treat successfully established domestic agricultural products logistics center as the model, developing and perfecting the western characteristic agricultural products logistics industry in our country. With western China's current level of development, to develop comprehensive cold chain logistics of third party, establish a complete cold-chain logistics system, we also need a certain time of accumulation and cultivation, taking developing mode of adjust measures to local conditions and step by step. Firstly, we build up agricultural products logistics distribution center as primary mode of development of the third party logistics service, then gradually building characteristic agricultural cold chain logistics system of west China.References:[1]Azevedo, S.G., Carvalho, H., Cruz Machado, V., 2011. The influence of greenpractices on supply chain performance: a case study approach. Transport. Res. Part E Logist. Transport. Rev. 47 (6), 850–871.[2]Cheng, J.-H., 2011. Inter-organizational relationships and knowledge sharing in greensupply chains—moderating by relational benefits and guanxi. Transport. Res. Part E Logist. Transport. Rev. 47 (6), 837–849.[3]Chen, P.-C., Hung, S.-W., 2014. Collaborative green innovation in emergingcountries: a social capital perspective. Int. J. Operat. Prod. Manage. 34 (3), 347–363.[4]Dangelico, R.M., Pontrandolfo, P., 2013. Being ‘green and competitive’: the impactof environmental actions and collaborations on firm performance. Bus.[5]De Giovanni, P., 2011. Environmental collaboration in a closed-loop supply chainwith a reverse revenue sharing contract. Ann. Oper. Res. 220 (1), 135–157.[6]Transport. Res. Part E Logist. Transport. Rev. 47 (6), 872–885.[7]Green, K.W., Zelbst, P.J., Bhadauria, V.S., Meacham, J., 2012. Do environmentalcollaboration and monitoring enhance organizational performance? Ind. 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XX农产品冷链物流现状和开展趋势调研报告XX县农产品冷链物流现状和开展趋势的调研报告XX作为一个农业大县，近年来，人们对冷冻冷藏生鲜农产品的认知度越来越高，迅速拉动了冷冻冷藏生鲜农产品的消费，冷链物流具有很大的开展潜力，但是由于专业人员的缺乏和根底设施的严重滞后，我县的冷链物流尚处于初级阶段。

因此农产品冷链物流体系建立显得尤为迫切。

一、XX县农产品冷链物流开展现状（一）根本情况。

（二）冷链设施情况。

（三）冷链物流企业情况。

目前全县只有二家上规模的专业冷链物流企业，即舜华XX鸭、供销e家湘南物流园，分别具有储藏、加工、销售蔬菜和鸭肉一条龙产业链初步功能，冷链关键根底设施已经具有一定才能，但是储存构造单一。

不能满足全县蔬菜、水果等生鲜农产品的种养、收买、加工、储藏、运输、分销一条龙开展方向的形势要求。

特别是一旦进入到了我们当地的大宗香芋、脐橙、枣子、乌梅、红心桃等具XX特色的农产品收获期，积压滞销和走不出去的被动场面直接影响到我们本地农民的消费生活质量和消费收益，影响到了农村商品基地的培育和开展，甚至打击到了下一年度或者以后好几个年度的种养的积极性。

二、目前我县生鲜农产品冷链物流存在的问题（一）普通消费群众对冷藏冷冻食品存在传统偏见。

在日常接触和走访调查中，发现我县群众普遍喜欢食用新颖农产品，总认为冷藏冷冻食品品质不高、味道不好、价低质差。

大部分群众由于对冷藏冷冻技术缺乏科学理解，对冷藏冷冻食品可以保证品质甚至强化品质持疑心态度。

（二）农产品冷链物流系统不完善。

目前，我县多数生鲜农产品的运输设备根本维持在常温的货车运送程度，并且物流各个环节之间的连接也不够顺畅。

从消费地到超市冷柜的冷链物流运输效率无法得到有效控制，从而导致运输效率低下。

同时，零散的社会冷链物流资源比拟分散，冷链物流组织化程度较低、管理方法比拟陈旧。

在销售环节也没有保证农产品的低温保鲜，从而大大降低了食品的鲜活程度，不能保障食品的质量平安。