医学院校硕士研究生英语读与写unit 1 text A

《医学院校硕士研究生英语读与写》课文翻译Unit 1Text AThe Hippocratic Oath课文A 希波克拉底誓言1、仰赖医神阿波罗·埃斯克雷波斯及天地诸神为证，鄙人敬谨直誓，愿以自身能力及判断力所及，遵守此约。

2、“凡授我艺者，敬之如父母，作为终身同业伴侣，彼有急需，我接济之。

视彼儿女，犹我兄弟，如欲受业，当免费并无条件传授之。

凡我所知，无论口授书传，俱传之吾与吾师之子及发誓遵守此约之生徒，此外不传与他人。

我愿尽余之能力与判断力所及，遵守为病家谋利益之信条，并检点一切堕落和害人行为，我不得将危害药品给与他人，并不作该项之指导，虽有人请求亦必不与之，尤不为妇人施堕胎手术。

我愿以此纯洁与神圣之精神，终身执行我职务。

凡患结石者，我不施手术，此则有待于专家为之。

无论至于何处，遇男或女，贵人及奴婢，我之惟一目的，为病家谋幸福，并检点吾身，不做各种害人及恶劣行为，尤不作诱奸之事。

凡我所见所闻，无论有无业务关系，我认为应守秘密者，我愿保守秘密。

倘使我严守上述誓言时，请求神祇甚至让我生命与医术能得无上光荣，我苟违誓，天地鬼神实共殛之。

”Unit 2Text AWhy should Human Beings Be Moral?课文A 人类为什么应该有道德？雅克?蒂洛（选自《伦理学：理论与实践》）1、本章我还要谈最后一个问题：人类为什么应该有道德？我们也可以用另外一种方式来提出这个问题：人类道德有没有一个明确的根据或者原理？也就是说能不能找到一些理由来解释人类为什么要行善、做好事而不是作恶、干坏事？2、我已经说过很难把宗教作为道德的基础，尤其很难把宗教作为影响道德的惟一因素。

然而，如果一个人有宗教信仰，他/她就有了个人道德的依据，尽管这个依据的本质是心理上的，而不是逻辑上的。

把宗教看作道德的基础，让我感到困惑的是经常出现这样的疑问，即如果道德没有超自然的或宗教的基础，那么它就没有任何基础可言了。

IntroductionMedical education has become increasingly globalized, with more and more students from around the world studying in medical schools. As a result, the importance of English proficiency in medical education has grown significantly. The "Medical College Graduate English Reading and Writing Third Edition" is a comprehensive guide designed to help medical students improve their English reading and writing skills.Chapter 1: Basic English GrammarThis chapter covers the basic grammar rules of English, including parts of speech, sentence structure, and verb tenses. It provides numerous examples and exercises to help students understand and practice these rules.Chapter 2: Medical TerminologyMedical terminology is a specialized language used in the healthcare industry. This chapter introduces common medical terms and their meanings, aswell as how to use them in sentences. The chapter also provides exercises to help students memorize and use medical terminology correctly.Chapter 3: Reading ComprehensionThis chapter focuses on improving reading comprehension skills. It provides strategies for reading effectively, such as skimming and scanning, and offers practice exercises with medical texts. The chapter also includes tips for understanding complex medical vocabulary and concepts.Chapter 4: Writing SkillsWriting is an essential skill for medical professionals. This chapter covers the basics of writing, including organizing ideas, writing clear and concise sentences, and using proper punctuation. It also includes exercises to help students practice writing medical reports and other types of documents.Chapter 5: Medical Research WritingMedical research is an important part ofthe healthcare industry. This chapter teaches students how to write research papers, including how to choose a research topic, conduct literature reviews, and write a research proposal. It also covers the different sections of a research paper and how to write them effectively.Chapter 6: Medical Presentation SkillsPresentations are a common way for medical professionals to share their research and findings. This chapter provides tips for creating effectivemedical presentations, including how to organize information, use visual aids, and engage the audience. It also includes practice exercises to help students develop their presentation skills.ConclusionThe "Medical College Graduate English Reading and Writing Third Edition" is an essential guide for medical students looking to improve their English proficiency. With its comprehensive coverage of grammar, medicalterminology, reading comprehension, writing skills, research writing, and presentation skills, this book provides students with the tools they need to succeed in their medical careers.。

医学院校研究生英语读与写(第三版)词汇题与及完形整理The doctor patient-relationship is the foundation of modern medical ethics. What will be the touchstone the profession may need with the charge of the doctor-relationship?医患关系是现代医德的基础。

在医生关系的管理上，这个行业可能需要什么样的试金石？First of all, instead of governing the doctor-patient relationship by altrusim and fidelity, more patients and doctors meet each other while under contract than ever相比，更多的病人和医生在合同期内见面，而不是通过高视阔步和忠诚来管理医患关系，在这件事上，他们通常都没有真正的自由选择。

Secondly, the continuity is rare formanaged care plans. 其次，连续性对于医生来说是很少见的，因为他们需要与成对和不成对的医生按照小组安排来照顾同一个家庭的几代人，并由管理式医疗计划选择和取消选择。

Thirdly, the information learned from or about the patient seems to be wide open and confidentiality of medical records seems like food for earthworms. Medical practice in no longer personal and the managed care's ethical foundation录的保密性似乎是蚯蚓的食物。

《医学院校研究生英语读与写》3/5/6/7/8/9/11vocabulary原题及答案Unit3TEXT A1)It is mandated in the regulations that the laid-off workers can get tax credits when they run their business.2)This directive applies to all apparatus liable to cause electromagnetic disturbance or the performance of which is to be affected by such disturbance.3)Without receiving any advance warning,the coastal cities in Southeast Asia sustained heavy losses from the hurricane last year.4)This cancer co-operative group organization provides information about cancer clinical trials,cancer research,patient advocates,drugs for cancer,experimental cancer treatments and general cancer treatment.5)On behalf of U.S.Secretary of Energy Samuel W.Bodman,I am pleased to announce that the United States supports the decision of the ITER(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)Parties to site the ITER reactor at Tokyo.6)The shop carries suits,coats,shirts,and miscellaneous accessories.7)The Legislative Counsel Committee claims copyright protection in those parts of Oregon Revised Statute that are legally subject to copyright protection.8)The government has empowered the police with absolute authority to stop anybody in the street during racial conflict.9)Methadone is used by heroin addicts as part of a program to wean them off the drug.10)They agree that a sound and stable relationship between China and the United States is good to help establish durable peace on the Korean Peninsula.The doctor-patient relationship is the foundation of modern medical1)ethics.What will be the2)touchstone the profession may need with the change of the doctor-patient relationship?First of all,instead of governing the doctor-patient relationship by3)fidelity and4) altruism,more patients and doctors meet each other while under contract than ever before and usually neither has truly free choice in the matter.Secondly,the5) continuity is rare for doctors of taking care of several generations of the same family as physicians couple and uncouple in group6)arrangements and are selected and deselected by managed care plans.Thirdly,the7)information learned from or about the patient seems to be wide open and8)confidentiality of medical records seems like food for earthworms.Medical practice is no longer personal and the managed care’s ethical9)foundation is population-based.In a word,the individual doctor-patient relationship is likely to remain the most important relationship in medicine—at least to doctors and the moral relationship based on payers and patients and10)integration of fairness to all with the choices of an individual would be established.TEXT A1)The little girl didn’t have enough money so she cajoled her boyfriend into buying her a new dress.2)According to British law,justice works on the premise that an accused person is innocent until proven guilty.3)It is a delicate job which cannot be done by a layman,but in which a variety of professional skills will be deployed.4)The city was even equipped with a drainage system,for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.5)The little girl shuddered at the sight of the dead body.She almost fainted right away.6)The shop has been enjoying public praise for a long time,but it’s inevitable that there will be the occasional disgruntled customer.7)Anyone with an annual income of less than$5,000may be eligible to apply,or may be regarded as a potential tax dodger.8)In South Korea in August,Robles finished first in the110meters but was disqualified for impeding Liu,who ended up winning a silver medal after being on course for gold.9)Yesterday,staff at the hospital were officially rebuked for telling patients they had cancer over the phone.10)Numeric values formatted to strings using standard and custom format codes.The job could only be done by computer,because it would be a tremendous amount of work.1.Let’s look at a sample case study to better understand why this is a________malnutrition mispractice misnutrition malpractice2.The more time,energy and money you spend acquiring________knowledge,the more control you have over your life.pertinent permanent prevalent perspective3.China’s top legislature might add mental distress in criminal cases to the conditions covered under the country’s first________law.tough taught tort naught4.The investigation was brought about by the determination of a sole________.accused plaintiff criminal witness5.The authorities had agreed to________normal requirements for permits to cross the border.wrench reckon stimulate waive6.An honest person can have many________personal or business reasons for private communications.humble legitimate modest considerate7.The rate and duration of China’s economic growth have no historical________precedent descendent demonstration illustration8.She threatened legal action against the newspaper for________of copyright.applicate breach communicate duplicate9.For some industrial scientists,the attractions of academia________any financial considerations.outlive outline outweigh outcome10.________or damaging of state or collective property by any organization or individual by whatever means is prohibited.Appropriation Appointment Appreciation ApproachTEXT A1.Fingerprints left on the only knife on the island mansion were the________for the murder.smoker’s gun big gun smoking gun starting gun2.Taking long-term courses of certain medication may increase________to infection.vulnerability subjectivity objectivity capability3.The funeral arrangements were________the family’s wishes.in collusion with out of keeping with hand in glove with along with 4.The fact that so many people have posted comments on this topic shows how________and complicated it is.pervasive passive adverse favorable5.The arrays were placed directly on the brain of a volunteer patient with epilepsy whose skull had already been opened to measure________electrical signals that trigger seizures.normal aberrant constant flashing6.The strip of flexible material wraps around the back of the head and covers the side of the eyes,blocking up to60percent of a wearer’s________vision.focal double peripheral distance7.The recent________in food prices around the world is because of rising energy costs.spear sphere plight spike8.To that end,he said he and Mr.Trump discussed ways to improve infrastructure along that US-Mexico border to______bilateral trade.restrict initiate ban facilitate9.Blind,deaf and mentally________children are sent to special education schools.radical rising rational retarded10.All the charitable endeavors in this world only manage to bring poverty into greater relief;they show it to be more terrible and________than utter dereliction.unabsorbent unacknowledged unintelligible unamiableThese risk associations remained statistically significant even after the authors limited the analyses to children who were born neither pre-term nor underweight and who had no obvious1)distress at birth(Apgar score above6).This suggests that the observations cannot be entirely explained by2)detrimental effects on the3)fetus due to the mother’s4)autoimmune disease.5)Combined with other research evidence,the authors6)speculated that certain autoimmune diseases may share a common genetic root with autism.Other autoimmune diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,psoriasis,and Crohn’s disease, in parents and siblings were not significantly7)associated with autism spectrum disorders in the study children.Furthermore,a family history of thyrotoxicosis was the only autoimmune disease8)studied that was associated with a lower risk of autism9) spectrum disorder.The study was published in the August Pediatrics and was funded by10)grants from the U.S.National Institute of Mental Health and the Aarhus University Research Foundation in Denmark.TEXT A1)His ambiguous directions confused us:we did not know which of the two roads to take.2)For this reason,I believe that this article should be subject to much more scrutiny.3)Greed has deadened him to what other people are suffering.4)Objectivism and subjectivism has the similar main points with that of metaphysical history.5)So long as he was willing to pay the charges,then he would be in compliance with the law.6)He said he was on the verge of an evolutionary breakthrough.7)For most people,few things evoke fear like the image of a great white shark.8)“Cruelty”means any infliction of unnecessary pain or distress on an animal whether by deliberate act or neglect.9)In statistics alone,Katrina was one of the worst disasters to befall the United States.10)Evil cannot be defeated overnight,but constant vigilance can keep it at bay,unable to harm us here at home.1.Once the robot can________facial expressions in a social context,the researchers plan to use him in an“automatic tutoring”experiment.download copy practice mimic2.________is a substance which delays or prevents a chemical reaction.Pigment Anesthetics Catalyst Inhibitor3.Underground mining can cause the surface________,and in turn induce the additional stress in the buildings in the mining area.deformation reformation transformation information4.The truth will be undeniable as all that we reveal can be supported by________ evidence.refutable irrefutable ambiguous unambiguous5.Foods with a low-glycemic are absorbed more slowly thus keeping________levels more stable.lipid pressure insulin fat6.Any break in the skin,even a________,provides an opening for dangerous germs.drop sip pinprick clip7.The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion is called________energy, or energy of motion.aerobic anaerobic kinetic surviving8.Disneyland is nothing but a hyper-real________of a theme park as if it were a small town.simulation stimulation decoration duplicationUnit8TEXT A1)The altruistic behaviors should be advocated and the egoism should be eliminated.2)The main form of blood donation in this country is to remunerate individuals for their donation.3)A taxi driver,exhausted after driving for more than18hours,crashed into a tricart and the man riding the tri-cart died after emergency treatment failed to resuscitate him.4)The famous pianist together with his concert at the Forbidden City Concert Hall gratified local classical fans.5)Monetary incentive is the most important factor in encouraging citizens’blood donation in many countries.6)After the heated discussion for the whole day his brilliant ideas were incorporated into the project at last.7)With the specially designed keyboard for blind people,users can put information into the computer,and software helps________the online words________voice information.convert to(直接按方框中显示的单词或词组填写即可)8)When making a plan,you should take account of each possibility as possible as you can in case of any unexpected mistake or occasion.9)It is common sense that we should omit superfluous words in writing telegrams so as to save money.10)Undoubtedly,sometimes parents’remarks place intangible pressure on children, even do harm to their mental health.TEXT B1.________activation is thought to be an important risk factor in blood clotting.Erythrocyte Plasma Leukocyte Platelet2.________is the loss of blood from a ruptured blood vessel,either internally or externally.Hepatitis Hemorrhage Hemophilia Leukemia3.I’m going to send for a special nurse,as the_______drip will run out soon.intravenous subcutaneous hypodermis infrasonic4.In an address today he said he still opposes the________cuts in green house gases encouraged by European nations.directed necessary arbitrary mandatory5.At last things appeared to be going on well,and if no________occurred,Herbert’s recovery might be regarded as certain.compensation compliment complement complication6.The beautiful girlfriend of his father may probably be the gift from God,to make up for the________love he never had.paternal maternal fraternal sororal7.Furthermore,showing the new staff around the premises will give them a sense of being valued,which will result in________.retention retirement recruit rehabilitation8.Recently one of the greatest IT companies underwent a________drive with a criterion that males are not allowed.retention retirement recruit rehabilitation9.When a loved one dies,the death becomes an emotional________and coping with it takes a great length of time.trauma scar cure heal10.The marked________among different age groups,he adds,is something of a mystery.displacement disparity dissemination disformationTEXT A1)Sacrificing nature for money would one day take its toll.2)As those costs inevitably swell,they will apply even more pressure to state budgets.3)But with exams looming,he decided he needed to focus more on his studies.4)Consider the scenario where a website allows you to use the functions of a partner website,but the partner site is not allowed to know who you are.5)As an anchor of the family,the father had to toil from early morning to late night.6)What may appear ahead may confuse and bewilder those who do not choose to see through it.7)Resources have irreplaceable function on the prosperity and development of this kind of city,but the exhaustion with resources,this kind of city faces severe challenge of existence and development.8)One implication is that every effort should be made to stop the growth of these unsustainable cities and gradually to reduce their size.There are two1)major schools of thought on2)personality development with one3) hypothesizing a relatively stable personality and the other holding a characterized4) plasticity or change in personality.Generally speaking,basic personality5)traits remain relatively6)consistent throughout one’s adult life according to previous studies;however,recent7)longitudinal studies suggest that absolute stability has been 8)overestimated,because there exists a decline of neuroticism and extroversion while an increase of agreeableness and9)conscientiousness.Besides,relatively10) predictable shifts may occur in other aspects of a person’s personality.An increased11) interiority is an example.A second domain concerns12)gender role identity.Any attempt to identify13)predictable personality changes in later life should note that longitudinal studies have found that adults tend to exhibit greater14)inter-individual differences as they grow older.And15)diseases can cause changes in personality which can be corrected with medical method.TEXT A1)People who are depressed often feel numb to events around them and don’t derive pleasure from experiences that they once found enjoyable.Such an absence or suppression of emotion,feeling,concern or passion is called G2)People with Alzheimer’s disease may become I or aggressive as the disease gets worse,who tend to feel stirred up,confused and irritable.3)People who live in places with long winter are at high risk of developing seasonal affective disorder(SAD),symptoms of which are often the same as other forms of depression,such as A movements,social withdrawal.4)While some people secretly plan and then commit suicide,most people exhibit one or more signs indicating the seriousness of their depression.If signs of a(n)F suicide coupled with recent losses can be noticed,depression can be treated through therapy as well as medications.5)A medical center has been B in flames in a suspicious fire within a short time which caused about$300,000damage.6)Every year,many young people sit exams and whether they love or E them,most of them will face some anxiety in the lead up to the big day.7)Have you ever snapped angrily at someone when you were hungry?If so,you’ve experienced“hangry”—the phenomenon whereby some people get J andshort-tempered when they’re overdue for a feed.8)Both alcohol and guns are significant social determinants of D,either considered independently or in combination,and it is important to call for stronger alcohol policies,including taxes and sales restrictions to help curb these critical problems.9)Mental H is not just your ability to bounce back,but also your capacity to adapt in the face of challenging circumstances,which help you deal with pressure and reduce the impact the stress has on your life.10)Medical students in the UK are facing C financial outlook.It is reported increased tuition fees,in addition to existing financial problems,are raising concerns overlong-term debt for the current intake of medical students.TEXT B1.We should not_______us to single subject,but should endeavor to expand our academic vision,widen thinking and promote philosophical cultivation.limit confine restrict restrain2.Children’s_______of extinction because of our destruction of their behavior should be discouraged because such behaviors may cause damage to objects or harm people or animals.aggressive enterprising aspiring ambitious3.When he realized that he couldn’t meet the deadline,he got into a_______.terror intimidation panic scare4.No matter how rich a person is or where he stays,evading feeling of negativity and depression is near pared to anti-depressant pills,_______works better and has no adverse effects.medication negotiation meditation mediation5.It is_______that we do more to address growing health disparities for women of color.Doing so is a priority for me as U.S.Senator.imperative comprehensible imminent eminent6.Many species are in_______natural habitat.hazard venture risk peril7.If you are feeling hungry,you will probably sit down at the first available opportunity to have something to eat.In some cases you may feel hungry even after a meal and not know why.It is even possible that you are hungrier after eating than before.But what brings about this______sensation sentiment emotion affection8.As the leading cause of early death among black Americans,homicide_______ black communities.Yet killing gets a disproportionately low share of federal research funding.damages disrupts devastates infringes9.Sleeping in a cold room or sleeping with the neck in an abnormal position may trigger a(n)_______headache because neck and scalp muscles contract.stress tension pressure strain10.Vascular occlusion is a(n)_______of a blood vessel,usually with a clot.When it occurs in a major vein,it can,in some cases,cause deep vein thrombosis.oppression occupation suffocation blockage。