unit 2 at cocktail parties

巴菲特最著名的演讲——价值投资为什么能够持续战胜市场每个人都期望自己能成功，但是我们后来者的成功建立在大师的肩膀上才能少走弯路，才能有所突破。

自然科学的发展也证明了这一点，就像爱因斯坦不可能出现在原始社会的部落中一样，原始社会没有发现相对论的基础，也不会出现这么伟大的科学家了。

人类发展的历史永远是螺旋式的上升，可以有反复、甚至有倒退，向上的趋势将永远不变，直到最后的崩溃，崩溃的结果是另一个智慧生命的开始，宇宙间的一切都是周而复始。

有些朋友会说，前人的东西往往是不对的，是应该批判的。

但是我们能够批判的依据和思想从哪里来，不要告诉我，你从没受过人类的教育，就能够批判，其实也是来自于前人思想的积累。

希望朋友们能认真的读，如果能有所收获也就达到目的了，能够突破的话就要恭喜你了！巴菲特最著名的演讲：价值投资为什么能够持续战胜市场每个价值投资人的投资业绩都来自于利用企业股票市场价格与其内在价值之间的差异。

——巴菲特价值投资策略最终要归根于本杰明·格雷厄姆（Benjamin Graham）的思想。

1934年年底，他与戴维·多德（David Dodd）合作完成了他酝酿已久的《证券分析》（Security Analysis）。

这部划时代的著作标志着证券分析业和价值投资思想的诞生。

这本巨著在过去70年间共发行了五版，被誉为投资者的“圣经”。

纽约证券分析协会强调，格雷厄姆“对于投资的意义就像欧几里得对于几何学、达尔文对于生物进化论一样重要"。

格雷厄姆“给这座令人惊叹而为之却步的城市——股票市场绘制了第一张可以依赖的地图，他为价值投资奠定了方XX的基础，而在此之前，股票投资与赌博几乎毫无差别。

价值投资没有格雷厄姆，就如同共产主义没有马克思——原则性将不复存在。

”人们通常认为是格雷厄姆确立了证券分析的原则，所以格雷厄姆被尊称为"现代证券分析之父"。

1984年，在哥伦比亚大学纪念格雷厄姆与多德合著的《证券分析》出版50周年的庆祝活动中，巴菲特——这位格雷厄姆在哥伦比亚大学的投资课上唯一给了“A＋”的最优秀的学生进行了一次演讲，他在演讲中回顾了50年来格雷厄姆的追随者们采用价值投资策略持续战胜市场的无可争议的事实，总结归纳出价值投资策略的精髓，在投资界具有非常大的影响力...编者：“格雷厄姆—多德都市的超级投资者们”作为巴菲特最著名的演讲名留青史，广为流传。

Unit 121.Patriotism, observance and integrity, service, work independently,English proficiency etc·2. Ability not only to pinpoint the sites such as tourist attractions，hotels，and restaurants on the way but also locate nearby touristattractions in case the guests need to break up the monotony ofthe routine trip.3 humor can help to set the keynote of the group. Know well when and how to use humor. Humor can energize and motivate the guests to have more relaxing experience .it is a powerful strategy for diffusing tense situations6. Tour guide comrrronly works long hours and the job is demanding,doing a lot of talking, walking and other physical things. So he/ she must be in good health aro energetic.7.take on challenges .a positive attitude toward difficult tasksBe willing to admitmistakes initiativelv.8. By embracing a positive and persistent attitude，you will be able to overcome all the problems you confront.9. tour guides are not liven any salary.10 sacrifice time away from home and disintegrate whatever social life you have when you’re out touring四1 rich history and culture2 taking measure to refrain potential danger from occurring3 win the trust and confidence of the elients4 providing high-quality service for the guests5 economic downturns , political upheaval, epidemic etc6 commission and tips of each group7requires a combination of competences8 fine professional knowledge9diversity of religious belief and individual differences10 be in respect for all related staffUnit 2四1 has a thorough familiarity with the geography , history of a certain area2 a guide works at the forefront of the travel industry3 when a complaint or a dissatisfaction of the arrival of the guests5 provides the guests with a personalized sightseeing experience6 lead being penalized or deducted merits7 making timely and thoughtful decisions9 follow the guidelines for day-to-day tour management10 would possibly jeopardize your healthUnit3四1.Shape the first impression on the travel agency2.Greet and meet us at wharf from far away in person3.Confirm the name list upon the guests’arrival4.winning the confidence and respect of your guests5.an affirmative nod and eve contact6.in case any damage or lost occur7.Getting thins done effectively and professionally8.Goes for a long way9.for locating your group promptly10.the number of the guests isn't in accordance with the planned oneunit 4二1 .Because he/she lacks both skills and experience.2. They have a positive attitude toward China.3. History，culture，geography，and architecture.4. Because they often lack of experience.5. To add interesting, poignant or funny stories about human experiences along with the facts to make history “come to life “ for the tourists.6.first , tour guides must rid themselves of any prejudices toward any group of people; second , a tour guide must know the basic sensitivities of certain cultures.7.simply because he has experience in giving tours.8.yes , it is9.insufficuient competency-based skills and unsufficientexperience.10.beijing is located in the warm temperate zone, which gives it acontinental monsoon climate. The average temperatures of the hottest month july and the coldest month January range from 27and4.6 below zero.四1.to discover his or her areas of weankness2.tough and complicated3.insufficient English proficiency4.is another common pitall for new tour guides5.be able to discuss a variety of interests6.prepare your schedule in advanceck sensitivity in discerning the needs of their guests8.to raise cross culture awareness9.to utilize all resources possible10.political and administrative centerunit5四1.sonveniently located in major intersections and downtownarea2.savoury items may include a wide choice of picklesvegetables3.is available 24 hours4.provides authentic Cantonese cuisine5.various dim sum , congee eith kinds of extra ingredients6.has earned it a high reputation7.room service and dining8.is above average level9.are used in the roasting process to add to the meat adistinctive aroma10.order something different to meet his special dietary need unit6二1.an itinerary is a detailed schedule or a suggested route for ajourney2.changes of times , dates , activities , lodging and meals on thetour .3.the guide must double check the itinerary at the time ofpre-tour and verify it with the tour leader, international tour guide or independent travelers after the greeting4.decline politely , providing acceptable reasons for thedecisions. explain that the travel service it not authorized to make the change ; advisable requests proposed by the tourleader must be relayed to the travel agency for furtherinstructions.5.The first step toward it is to offer an apology for the errors,providing an acceptable narration. Ask for forgiveness, andtry best to accommodate the guests.6.In form the staff working for the next destination to makearrangement for checking out , canceling meals , vehicles etc.7.Extend the touring time to a certain time in specific places orincrease some activities that are not included the withpackage to fulfill reasonable requests.8.They will receive demerits9.Otherwise, the act violates the regulation issued by theregional tourist administrations, which can be cause ofdemerits.10.He must gain approval of both the company and the guestsand obtain signature of the tour leader or an independent traveler as well.L四1.cope with changeable weather and unexpected emergencies2.it is crucial responsibility of a TG3.through rational negotiation and discussion4.work out as planned5.meet the rational and possible requests6.offer an apology for the errors7.take good use of limited time8.the best way to keep the group happy9.to keep your cool and avoid any aggressive remarks10.runs smoothly and feeficientlyunit71.museums , historic and cultural sites , historical societies,physical landmarks.2.Pre-boarding procedures;on-bus tour; walking-tournarration.3.Begin by confirming the accurate time for morning call,breakfast ahead of scheduledtime for assembling4.20 minutes.5.Because some toilets poorly-equipped in some scenicspots,and most toilets don’t provide toilet paper.6. A tour guide plays a key role of interpreter and disseminationof information about the history , characteristics, overview of an area for the international tourists7.Thus to guarantee an educational and entertaining tourexperience , enhance their understanding of other culturesas well8. A megaphone improves the quality of the tour , so thattourists can hear clearly what the tour guide is saying.9. A megaphone improves the quality of the tour because noone doesn’t have to crowd to the front of the group or strain to hear what the tour guide is saying.10.Provide not only educate and inform the guests , butentertain them as well . find and use quotes, andanecdotes , folklores to drive home key points.四1.Insure a guide to conduct the tour smoothly2.Are noisy and jumbled3.To allow enough time for them to get prepared4.To bring personal items for the tour5.Insist in staying in the hotel6.Everyone sit back leisurely7.And enterained and educational tour experience8.To prevent the guests from wandering away9.To exhibit his guiding skills10.Convincing, understandable and impressiveUnit81.there are a range of activeities such as sports , partieshanquets , performances etc.2.the guide should ensure that the reasons for refusal areexplained eleraly and patiently to the guests.3.Water sports such as snorkeling , sea kayaking ,swimming,beach volleyball , parasailing , etc4.This kind of activities include dinner parties with localcuisines , cocktail parties , barbecue dinners , buffets and so on.5.Don’t forget to tell them the main activities that thedestination offers, admission costs , what each activitycontains , a detailed description of the activity and whichlocations it is available in . each guest or at least the tourleader should be given a guide map which includescolor-coded maps , exaxt directions , distances and drivingtimes.6.At a very large venue , the guide should remind guests not towander off and should watch guests’ movements andsurroundings for potential mishaps.7.Such as nightclubs. Karaoke bars and other entertainmentplaces with live shows performances, dinner and local opera show and live music bands and so on.8.The diversity of optional activities in an indispensable part ofthe tour.9.The guest a special invoice known as a receipt which thestore will offer a refund if the goods has any flaw.10.What kind of services they will be offered and how safe theyneed to feel.L四1.courteous and attentive to guest’s needs2.for refusal are explained clearly and patiently to tourists3.dinner parties with local cuisines , cocktail parties , barbecues,buffets and so on4.to make reservation and assist with relevant arrangement5.savoring prestigious Chinese food6.as long as time permits7.is an indispensable part of the tour8.Chinese handicrafts enjoy a great popularity9.The etiquettes associated with eating in china10.A Chinese folk acrobatic showUnit 91.all kinds of unpredictable accidents can arise2.to maintain the safety of the guests3.as long as the safety of the guests is concerned4.by providing a detailed description of the tourist5.give a detail description of the whole occurrence6.if the food is stale or contaminated7.precautionary measures must be taken8.remind the guests to double check their personal items9.crimes such as theft , robbery or fraud10.we are terribly sorry for the terror you experiencedunit 101.form a favorable first impression of a tour guide2.double check the exact numbers of the luggage3.take the opportunity to make apology4.if not for the understanding and support5.hospitable and generousfortable accommodation and the diversity of thecuisine7.exhausted and desperately homesick8.by providing a modest tip or gratuities9.favorable …can go a long way10.promote the tour productsunit11三1.mogao caves ; mount tainshan; peking man site atzhoukoudian; the great wall; mount huangshan.2.The yangze river, yellow river. Heilongjiang river. Pearl river.3.New year, spring festival . international working women’sday , tree planting day4.The inscriptions and seal on the paintings not only can helpus to understand the painter’s ideas and emotions , but also provide decorative beauty to the painting .5.China will be the world’s top tourist destination, and fourthin out bound tourist numbers.6.To protect its opium trade, Britain launched the war ofaggression against china in 18407.The qing court signed the humiliating treaty of Nanjingwith Britain8.Because the practice of writing it is either relaxing orself-entertaining9.Anything that may attract a tourist to visit can be calledtourist resources.10.High mountains, elegant rivers , springs and waterfalls, richand varied folk customs, rare species , scenic spots andhistorical sites , distinctive opera, music and dance , andworld-famous cuisine.四1.Yangtze river is the longest river in china and the thirdlongest in the world . it has a total length of 6300 kilometers;it connects such important cities as shanghai , Nanjing,wuhan , and chongqing2.Until the provisional government of the republic of china wasfounded , the monarchy that had existed in china for 2000 years came to an end.3.In the fifty years since the founding of the people’s republicof china , especially in the two decades since the initiation of reform and opening to the outside world , china’s socialistconstruction has scored great achievements that haveattracted world attention4.In 221BC qinshihuang, the first emperor of the qin dynasty,ended the rivalry among the independent principalities in the warring states period and established the first centralized ,unified , multinational feudal state in Chinese history- the qin dynasty.5.Confucius , founder of Confucianism, stress “Ren”and “Li”,referring to respect for the system of social hierarchy6.The tian chi in the tianshan mountains in xinjiangautonomous region is 1910 meters above sea level. This105-meter-deep lake is crystal clear , the high mountainssurrounding it carpeted with green grass and colorfulflowers.7.China’s climate ranges from extremely dry, desert-likeconditions in the north and west to the rain and heat of the tropical monsoon in the south and southeast.8.In 1842 the corrupt qing court signed the humiliating treatyof Nanjing with britain , which marked the reduction of china to a semi-colonial, semi-feudal country.9.The establishment of nature reserves has put a number ofrepresentative and typical natural eco-systems with scientific research value as well as rare and endangered species under effective protection.10.The world tourism organization predicts that by 2020 chinawill be the world’s top tourist destination, and fourth inoutbound tourist numbers with 100 million Chinese people traveling abroad every year.Unit 12pass , gunpowder, paper, and printing.2.The Chinese written language.3.In 221 BC by the first emperor of the qin dynasty4.The xia dynasty5.At Luoyang6.He established the great wall by joining together previouslybuilt segents.7.The Confucian canon, works of history and belles-lettres8.Because a person’s character was judged by the elegance oftheir handwriting9.Because Chinese theater has produced such diverse arts asacrobatics, martial arts and stylized dance.10.On shang “oracle”bones and ceremonial bronzes of thesecond millennium BCUnit 14二1.sichuna, Shandong, Cantonese , and huaiyang cuisine.2.Because shangong province is one the coastline , the foodincludes mainly seafood dishes; and the province is innorthern china where wheat is the main crop, so many flour foods are often served in Shandong restaurants3.Because the weather in Sichuan is very wet , people have tokeep their body “dry” and hot food helps to increase theirinternal “heat”4.In western cooking , recipes are followed strictly likelaboratory instructions while Chinese cooking always allows for a creative and stylistic touch to it.5.About 2000 years ago6.Green tea , black tea , jasmine tea , wulong tea , and bricktea .7.Chinese silk is known throughout the world for its numerousvarieties.8.China9.Ordinary pottery is made from clay that is baked in a kiln attemperatures ranging from 500 to 1150 度. But porcelain is fired at 1280度and consists of a body of fused claycovered by a glaze , a glassy substance10.The Chinese potters both found the clay and were able toproduce the high temperature necessary to fuse it四1.inese food has a long history and is famous all over the worldfor its rich flavor and delightful colorings2.Sichuan dishes are enjoying great popularity all over thecountry because of their distinct and various flavors3.The meat of domestic animals and birds are the rawmaterials of both Sichuan and shangong dishes4.Chiese cuisine is considered as an art and has been givenhigh comments by the people in and out of china5.Rock tea from wuyi mountain is famous both at home andabroad , yet its output is minimal6.In order to have a better understanding of Chinese teaculture, the tourists can try their hands to experience howtea is processed7.Silk has the advantages of being soft to touch , resistant toheat , and breathing very well8.Silk, one of the best materials for clothing , is reputed to bethe queen of fabric9.The secret of making porcelain lies in the use of caly togetherwith kaolin10.Chinese porcelain is characterized by its particular nationalstyleUnit 151.light, shadow and color are the important parts of ashadow play.2.Because it combines singing, acting , fighting , and dancingtogether, and narrates stories and depicts characters3.Because the color of red represents the meaning ofauspiciousness and happiness in china.4.Because it symbolizes that the guests have good opinions ofthem .5.They do that to worship ground gods and Buddha, and hissort of tradition reminds people of the fact that their drinkresults from the generosity of heavenly gods , ground godsand Buddha.6.Having lobster and chichen together at wedding banquetindicates that the dragon and the phoenix are hormonestogether, and the yin and yang element in this family arebalanced .7.At the night of the wedding , the newlyweds will drink winefrom two cups tied together with a red string , arms crossed from each other.8.This is to show that she is well nurtured , and qualified to bethe groom’s wife.9.It is common manner to introduce the junior to the senior, orthe familiar to the unfamiliar; you should be cautious to ask a woman private questions10.They take grains like rice and wheat for food in their dailylife四1.china is abundant not only in beautiful natural scenery butalso in splendid culture resources.2.Window-flower is used for the decoration of festival gift,sacrifices decoration in the rural areas.3.Relief sculpture is the art that pictures are chiseled into thesurface of brick or stone to create something used asarchitectural decorations in ancestral halls and tombs.4.So in the development of kunqu opera, the literature , music ,and dance of Chinese opera also become more and moremature.5.On the left side of the gate is a male lion with its right footstamping on a silk ball, suggesting the symbol of power; onthe right side of the gate is a lioness with her left footcaressing a cub lion , symbolizing procreation of moredescendants.6.China is known as a state of etiquette and ceremonies.7.The vast territory and variety of nationalities and customs ofour country resulted in the variety, particularity of the dietary customs8.The traditional sports of ethnic minorities originate fromtheir daily life and are rich in content and form.9.“international Confucius cultural festival” in qufu functionedin exchanging culture , developing tourism , prosperingeconomy and closing friendship.10.Citizens of china may freely choose and express theirreligious beliefs.Unit 161.yellow river, the Yangtze river and the great wall , mounthuangshan.2.Diaoshui rock , zhelin waterfall , janmen gate , water playingbeach , shemen bay.3.We call the islands with more than 500 square meters landarea as island , and the ones with land area below 500 square kilometers are named reefs; the islands lie separately arecalled isolated islands , while some others distributed ingroups are called archipelago.4.China is located between the two largest seismic belts, thecircum-pacific seismic belt and the circum-indian seismicbelt.5.Its formation was the result of several movements oflithosphere as well as the work of nature during the longgeological age .6.It is a well-known scenic area and natural reserve for wildanimals and plants in china7.Wind-driven process.8.It means a narrow partial opening caused by splitting andrupture.9.Deposition means the act of depositing , especially the layingdown of matter by a natural process.10.Fault-block mountains are formed by the raising of hugeblocks of the earth’s surface relative to the neighboringblocks .1.”no mountains are worth seeing after a trip to the five sacred mountains , and none of the sacred mountains are worth seeing after a trip to mount huangshan.”2.china , as a country abundant in the canyons with variety of type , large quantity and wide distribution, has a broad prospect in developing eco-tourism based on canyons.3.the stone figure mountain in henan province got its name froma towering human-shaped stone pillar.4.there exist in china different types of deposits of different geographic ages ; certain modifications are made in regard to the classification and nomenclature of the main types of deposits so far used in china , with different geologic factors involved in the ore genesis, it is beneficial for the formation of varied types of minerals.5.mount huangshan is a kind of typical granite mountains . its formation was the result of several movements of lithosphere as well as the work of nature during the long geological age.6.from the vast territory of china , we can find that numerous islands scattered in the four sea regions connect our mainland area.7.jiuzhaigou valley is a well-known scenic area and natural reserve for wild animals and plants in china with its naturally endowed and uniquely beautiful sceneries.8.fault-block mountains are formed by the raising of huge blocks of the earth’s surface relative to the neighboring blocks.9.in view of the multiple eruptions in history , it is very important to determine the age of each eruption for evaluating the volcanic hazards.10.some islands lie separately, while some others are distributed in groups . as a result , we have different addresses for them, the former ones we call them isolated island , and the latter ones are named archipelago.Unit 171.Beidaihe beach resort; Qingdao bathing beach resort; Hainanbeach resort.2.Yellow sea; east sea; south sea.3.Poyang lake ; dongting lake ; tai lake; hongze lake; chao lake4.Tide is the periodic variation in the surface level of theoceans and of bays , usually caused by gravitationalattraction of the moon and sun.5.They allow room for biodiversity and are a crucial source ofwaters , storing snow in the winters and releasing watersduring the hot , dry summers.6.Qinghai lake possesses all the characteristics of the plateaulakes: open , rough, simple , and calm.7.The gentle water there becomes turbulent and speeds upas it rushes forward till it finally cascades over the waterfall , forming an illusion of waters being poured from a kettle ,hence named “hukou or kettle spout”8.“baotu” means jumping and leaping . it reflects thecharacteristic of the spring waters streaming fast andcontinuously from three pits simultaneously.9.Bathing in hot spring mineral water can help to counteractskin conditions, rheumatism , and arthritis.10.Like sightseeing , recuperating , of relaxing in the summer. 1.there are a great number of rivers flowing on the land ofchina. The inland river system accounts for 36 percent of the total land area in china , and more than 1500 of the rivershave an area exceeding 1000 square kilometers.2.“baotu” means jumping and leaping . it reflects thecharacteristic of the sping waters streaming fast andcontinuously from three pits simultaneously.3. A lake is a natural complex composing of lake basin, lakewaters , and also contains the substance in it , whichparticipates in the material and energy cycles of the nature.4.Guilin is known to be famous for the exquisite combinationof the surrounding hills with the waterways; the newlydeveloped underground rivers also attract millions ofdomestic and foreign tourists to Guilin every year.5.Li river is a river near Guilin in the south of china and thebranch of zhujiang; it is a bright pearl among china’s beautiful mountains and rivers.6.Underground rivers , as the name implies , are streams underthe surface of the ground . most of them were formed in the karst development.7.Number two bathing beach in the badaguan scenic area.Many political figures , such as chairman mao and othergovernment officials , have visited there.8.The park has many geologic features , landforms, rareanimals and plants , which make up a wonderful ice world. 9.With a rich Chinese cultural heritage of thousands of years,the three gorges is not only a picturesque natural gallery, but also a spectacular treasure house.10.Widespread legends and myths of the naxi ethnic minorityand the mysterious shanzidou peak are all importantattractive spots for the tourists who come jade dragon snow mountain.Unit 181.yunnan, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong.2.Sunrise , sunset , sea of clouds and the golden belt of theyellow river.3.Because the habitat of aquatic includes oceans , lakes , rivers ,pools , etc, and china has a large number of adjacent seas ,rivers , and beautiful lakes.4.When happed on the sea surface, first it takes on red bend,and then it turns to purple and then it changes frequently,which is hard to tell the truth and falsehood.5.Climate is one of the most important factors determiningtourist lows:nice climate conditions may attract tourists and urge tourist industry making progress; but unpleasant climate conditions can block the development of tourist industry.6.Tourists to the grasslands can ride horses , camels orpracticing archery, or taking part in shooting matches.7.China’s vast territory means that there are various ecologicaltypes and different climatic conditions.8.The habitat for birds can range from seashores , forests , andgrassland to wetlands like lakes , pond , marshes and rivers.9.Rainfall hours of sunshine, humidity , temperature.10.In the sky, in the water and in the heart of onlookers.1.hainan island is a bright pearl on the south china sea; it is thelargest tropical treasure house in china.2.The landforms of Poyang lake area are diversified , climate ismild ; rainfall is abundant ; water and heat are basicallysynchronized . these conditions are favorable to thedevelopment of life form.3.Most of the terrestrial animals habitat in the mountainareas, especially the mountainous district with flourishingtrees, because the forests are their natural shelter.4.Altitude also is involved: the higher one goes , the colder itgets . as a result , many high mountain regions areconsidered as good summer resorts.5.In Kunming , the spring lasts the entire year round and theflowers bloom in all seasons.6.China boasts unique advantages in the flowers and plantsindustry with the richest resource of species in the world.7.We have founded natural reserves , and protected thehabitat of them to offer safe environments for them to livein .8.With a large number of adjacent seas , rivers , andbeautiful lakes, china is abundant in aquatic animals.9.It becomes one of the biggest bird conservation areas in theworld . also in this area , the biggest group of white cranes in the world was found.10.The pleasure travelers have different expectations indifferent seasons, and they prefer to select a time when the weather at their own place is unacceptably clod or hot totravel.Unit 191.china is not only one of the 4 great nations in the world withan ancient civilization, but also one of the cradle lands ofancient human occurrence and evolution.2.Peking man site is the cradle land of Chinesepaleoanthropology. For a long period of time , it has beenone of the most important research bases for thepaleoanthropology , and Paleolithic archeology research inchina3.The jinggangshan revolutionary base has now formed theunique historic and cultural attractions of jinggangshantourist zone, and it is becoming a significant part of the “red tourism” , also ranged among “china forty best touristattractions”4.Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land , thelast to enjoy universal happiness.5.Confucius was the founder of Confucianism in china , aphilosopher, moralist , statesman and educationist.6.Shaolin temple is the most famous temple in china, not onlybecause of its long history and its role in Chinese Buddhism, but also because of its martial arts.7.The height of the importance of the silk road was during thetang dynasty , the period with relative internal stability inchina after the division of the earlier dynasties since the han.8.The old town of lijiang lies in a fertile valley in the northwestof Yunnan province surrounded by the snow-covered yulong mountains. The lijiang area is known as treasure house ofanimals and plants , and a huge natural reservoir.9.The old town of pingyao was constructed according to thetraditional builing style of the han ethnic group . in addition, richly decorated tepples and shops are scattered all over the town.10.“you are not a real person until you have climbed the greatwall”Unit 201.now with the world entering a new century, linyin temple isattracting vast visitors both at home and abroad to learnBuddhism , look around , pray for blessings , and relax there with its rich Buddhist culture, magnificent hall buildings , and beautiful natural scene.2.Nowadays it is not only a historical remarkable model ofarchitecture , but also a brilliant Chinese culturalcrystallization of wisdomplicated landscapes , various climates and differentcultures result in the distinctive characteristics of dwellinghouses of the whole china.4.“the wise take pleasure in water, the kind find happiness ina mountain.”5.In ancient times , the emperor would come here the firstmonth of every summer to worship heaven and to pray for a good harvest.6.Chinese architecture structure is based on the principle ofbalance and symmetry.7.In Taoist principles , gold , wood , water, fire and earth areconsidered five elementary substances to form everything in the world.8.People believed that they are supposed to keep a constantexchange with nature and reach the integration of natureand human being in timber house rather than live in thecements or stone ones.9.They are decorated by delicately carved stones or bricks, andpaintings. Usually ,the figures and pictures carved on thedoors usually tell a folklore that is widespread among people.10.The project of dujiangyang brings the vast chendu plain under irrigation and protects it against droughts and water logging.。

关于时尚的英语对话(2)关于时尚的英语对话1BeginnerA: do you think I still fashionable in this dress?B: I think so. Blue is still fashionable at the moment.a: this style came out last year, though. I like the dress, but I’m not sure whether last year’s fashions will be same this year.b: I think this kind of dress will stay in fashion for a few more years. People don’t change fashions every year. It would be too expensive.a: yes. Only the top designer try to tell people to change fashion every year, but only rich people can do it.b: there are some real fashion victims who just have to keep totally up-to-date with expensive clothes.a: I wish I could be one of those people, but my budget simply doesn’t stretch that far. I have to limit the amount of money I spend on clothes otherwise I would go on a shopping frenzy.B: I know what you mean. The situation will be worse if we marry our boyfriends and have children. The we’ll have even less money to spend on fashionable clothes!Intemp3ediateA: look at these clothes designed by top fashion designer like Versacci, Calvin Klein, and Vivienne Westwood. What do you think of them?B: well, they look lovely, but they’re not very practical. I mean, would you wear that dress to the office or walking downthe street?A: I know what you mean. People would stare at you in amazement if you wore something like that in an everyday situation. I suppose only extravagant rich people wear then at cocktail parties.B: may be. I’m not sure why they have fashion shows like this. Hardly anyone will buy those clothes. The clothes you see are nothing like the ones that ordinary people wear. It seems like a waste of money.A: I think that the designers hold these fashion shows for a few reasons. First, it’s just like a big party. They can meet each other and network. The other thing is that it is great advertising. All the journalists and photographers are there. Thirdly, it give them a chance to show what they would like to see people wearing.B: you meant it’s an expression of their fantasies?A: yes. I think the designers are saying that these clothes are what they would like to see people wear if those people weren’t concerned with what other people might think. In a way, the d esigners are saying‘don’t worry about what others think. Wear what you like!’.B: very philosophical. I think they design these clothes more for publicity. They try to see who can be the most extreme and outrageous, but still stylish.A: come on. All this fashion has reminded me that I want to buy some clothes关于时尚的英语对话2a: do you think i still fashionable in this dress?b: i think so. blue is still fashionable at the moment.a: this style came out last year, though. i like the dress, buti’m not sure whether last year’s fashions will be same this year.b: i think this kind of dress will stay in fashion for a few more years. people don’t change fashions every year. it would be too expensive.a: yes. only the top designer try to tell people to change fashion every year, but only rich people can do it.b: there are some real fashion victims who just have to keep totally up-to-date with expensive clothes.a: i wish i could be one of those people, but my budget simply doesn’t stretch that far. i have to limit the amount of money i spend on clothes otherwise i would go on a shopping frenzy.b: i know what you mean. the situation will be worse if we marry our boyfriends and have children. the we’ll have even less money to spend on fashionable clothes!关于时尚的英语对话3A:Hey，Tom. You look tired. Are you all right?A:嘿，汤姆，你看起来非常疲劳。

商务英语宴会种类口语这是网给大家准备的商务英语宴会种类口语，欢迎浏览。

你喜欢哪种宴会?which kind of parties do you prefer?1.商务建议商务人士在赴宴前需要提前了解宴会类型的具体知识，免得进入后无所适从。

1).晚宴dinner party以吃晚餐为主的宴会，并附有鸡尾酒等饮料。

座席一般预先安排好。

2).鸡尾酒会cocktail party以自助式的餐点为主，自由取食。

宴会中宾客或坐或站，手持玻璃酒杯，来回走动着交谈。

3).欢迎会reception以欢迎招待某些人为主的宴会。

开始和结束时都会有简短的演说致词来介绍嘉宾。

4).舞会ball参加者多必盛装，常在国际会议后举行。

5).野外餐会barbecue party主食以汉堡、牛排等烧烤类为主。

通常在男士们的指导下烹调餐食。

6).开放式宴会open house party在家中举行的开放式宴会。

一次招待很多人，有比预定开始的时间晚一点去的习惯。

7).便餐会potluck party由参加的人各自带现成的食物来，是一种气氛轻松的餐会。

2.商务英语情景对话a:we will hold a party next week, but we can't decide which kind we should have.下星期我们要开个宴会，但不能决定采用哪种形式。

b:how many guests will come to your party?有多少人将要来参加你们的宴会?a:about 30.30人左右。

b:wow, that's quite a lineup. it's too difficult for you to prepare a dinner. which kind of parties do you prefer?哇，阵容真庞大。

准备一顿晚宴对你来说太难了。

你喜欢哪种宴会形式?a:how about a cocktail party?开个鸡尾酒会怎么样?b:good, i like those. they are very relaxing.很好，我喜欢，鸡尾酒会很休闲。

Several times each year the Queen gives afternoon tea parties at which guests are served tiny cakes filled with cream from her own cows. Cakes and sandwiches are brought in by footmen, yet you never see the Queen touch a thing. She simply sits beside a big silver plate, pouring cups of tea for everyone and carefully avoiding the cakes.At cocktail parties the Queen moves from group to group, chatting informally, and manages to make one glass of diet(节食)drink to last an entire evening.Tours abroad are difficult because hosts(主人)seem to believe the warmth of their welcome must be shown with wonderful state banquets(宴会). But the Queen has perfected the art of appearing to enjoy her meal without actually eating much.During one visit to the Pacific islands of Tonga, a specially-prepared dinner was arranged in a hut made of wood and bamboo leaves. Deep holes were dug in the ground, filled with hot stones and baby pigs, and the pigs were slowly baked over several days. The Queen looked uneasily at her plate when she discovered a whole roast pig was her serving.Then she became uneasy when a turkey, some meat, bananas and an apple were also carried in for each guest. So she depended on her old favorite trick of talking with her host. , King Tupou IV, carrying on a warm conversation. At the same time she pushed her food around her plate and only ate a piece of turkey and some fruit.Reporters traveling with her have noted that the Queen will sometimes seem so carried away by a foreign leader’s political chat that she simply never has time to finish a meal before it is time to get up and make her speech. She will lift her fork to swallow a mouthful, then put it down again to make another point, leaving almost all of her meal untouched.1. The main idea of the passage is about ____.A. the Queen’s favorite foodB. the Queen’s tours abroadC. how the Queen keeps her diet during her toursD. the Queen’s trouble with a foreign leader2. The Queen talked with her host and carried on conversation with him. The purpose of doing this is ____.A. to show her politenessB. not to eat muchC. to show her great interest in foodD. to hide her dislike to the food3. We can infer from the passage that tours are difficult for the Queen, because ____.A. she has to meet with so many important leadersB. she has to eat much oily foodC. she has so many reporters to travel with herD. hosts always present wonderful state banquets4. What probably is the Queen’s art of acting at state dinnersA. Appearing to enjoy her meal without actually eating much.B. Drinking Malvern water.C. Eating a piece of turkey and some fruit.D. Eating much without being noticed.【答案与解析】1. C解析：文章谈到了食品以及女王的“tours”，但主旨是女王如何“keep her diet”。

1. Hence, utility has both objective and subjective features and, most particularly, utility is a matter of individual taste, preference, perception, personality make up, and state of mind.因此，效用同时具有客观和主观的特征，最特别是，效用决定于人的口味、喜好、感觉、个性的构成及思维的状态。

2. Peanuts, for instance, are bought by some people to serve at cocktail parties, by others to make peanut brittle, and by some to feed to squirrels, with potentially different utilities to each buyer in each case. Moreover, the utility of a good can vary from time to time, or place to place.花生,例如,一些人买来在鸡尾酒会上食用,其他人用来做花生糖片,并且也有一些人用花生饲养松鼠,在每个不同的案例中的买家都带着不同的潜在的效用。

推而广之，不同时间，不同地点，商品的效用也不一样。

3. In contrast, we say there are “few” sellers of a product whenever the actions of any one firm will be noticed and reacted to by rival sellers. “Few” means few enough so that firms find it imperative to follow each other’s moves closely. Fewness of sellers also means that each firm is large relative to the size of the market in which it operates；often, when firms are few in number each firm is large in absolute size as well.相反,当一个商家的举动在任何时候都被竞争商家所洞悉，并采取相应的措施，那么我们说销售这个产品的商家数量较少。

本周课后作业：结业证书某某某（男/女）于某年某月在武汉大学留学生教育学院进修国际汉语教师培训课程，总课时为136学时，完成规定的学习内容，经考核成绩合格，准予结业。

武汉大学留学生教育学院某年某月某日上周课后作业：1．It has always been said against Hemingway that he gravely handicaps himself by dealing with violent action rather than the act of intelligence; that he has falsely equated expression with insincerity. It is true that he seems most at home with characters who say little. 人们时常批判海明威的作品有很大的局限性，说他只写人物的粗暴莽撞，不写人物的深谋远虑，又错误地把情感的外露等同于虚伪。

的确，他好像特别擅于塑造寡言少语的人物。

2．The stresses of city living with all its hectic business pressures means where you live must be so much more than a house --- ideally a rejuvenating retreat that soothes. 都市生活的繁忙和紧张给人们带来了很大的压力，也对城市住房提出了更高的要求。

理想居所的涵义远远不止是一座房子，它应该是你的避风港，给你安慰和安宁。

3．“Rules of thumb” is far from enough for translators. Translators must also know the reasons for such rules. Since only then can they apply these rules with insight and discrimination to practice. 译者对翻译规律不但要知其然，还要知其所以然。

新视野大学英语（BookII）教案Unit OneI. Objectives1. Skills:1) Reading: reading for the main idea in a paragraph2) Writing:how to present a paragraph of general statement supported by specific details and reasons3) Listening: understanding the passages about study, listening for the main idea and the important details, learning to take notes while listening4) Speaking: talking about time2. Vocabulary1) Words: budget convention leisure social interaction assesses abrupt tick conduct skillful fulfill2) Expressions: fall behind result in go with due to in person pour into in a rush3. Grammar:1)present participle phrases functioning as adverbials2) conjunctions: much lessII. Teaching Arrangement1. Total Class Time for This Unit: 8 periods2. Suggested Arrangement:Section A: 4 Periods1) Background Information 5'2) Pre-reading Activities 10-15'3) While-reading(1) General Reading 5-10'Questions on the T ext(2) Detailed Reading 100'a. Words and Phrasesb. Language Pointsc. Sentence Patternsd. Main Idea of Each Part4) Post-reading(1) Useful Expressions 5'(2) Summary of the Text 10'(3) Structured Writing 15'(3) Exercises 45'(4) AssignmentsSection B: 2 Periods1) Reading Skills and Exercises 30'2) Detailed Study of the Text 50'3) Summary of the Text 20'14) Exercises 50'Listening and Speaking: 2 Periods1) Listening 75'2) Speaking 25'Section A Time-Conscious AmericansI. Background Information1. Time OrientationAmericans place considerable value on punctuality. Because they tend to organize their activities by means of schedules, they may seem harried, always running from one thing to the next and unable to relax and enjoy themselves. Since Americans are so time conscious, the pace of life may seem very hectic(紧张的). Being on time is regarded as very important, and in the U.S. most people make an effort to arrive on time. Not all Americans are punctual, but almost everyone is conscious of time. Differenttypes of activities have different conventions. One should arrive at the exact time specified for meals, and for appointments with professors, doctors, and other professionals. You can arrive any time between the hours specified for parties, receptions, and cocktail parties. Plan to arrive a few minutes before the specified time for public meetings, plays, concerts, movies, sports events, classes, church services, and weddings. If you are unable to keep an appointment, it is expected that you inform the other party that you will be late or unable to arrive.2. Hourglass:A glass container holding fine sand for measuring time, which is narrow in the middle like a figure8 so that the sand inside can run slowly from the top half to the bottom taking exactly one hour.沙漏：一种装上细沙以用来测量时间的玻璃容器，其颈部细小，形状象一个8字，使得上半部的沙子能缓慢地流到下半部中，其时间正好是一个小时。