Exposition (说明文)1.DefinitionAmbition means the goal in our life. To have one’s ambition does not necessarily mean to become the chief state leaders. This is not in the real sense of the word. True ambition is the goal that encourages us always to look forward and not to lose hope because of failure. Ambition differs from person to person and everyone has his own ambition. Yet not everyone of us can succeed in what we desire to do.2.IllustrationAmericans value manual labor. They have great respect for craftsmanship. Many Americans prefer craft hobbies. For example, some build small boats in their leisure time. Others make new furniture or refinish antique furniture. Others enjoy gardening or painting. Many low-income American families have beautiful furniture or paintings or pottery or boats. They make these things and they are proud of their manual skill. In fact some people are really very handy.3.ClassificationAll matter is in one of the three states. It may be in the state of a gas, a liquid or a solid. A solid has definite shape and definite volume. A liquid has definite volume, but it has no definite shape. It may flow or take the shape of its container. A gas changes not only in shape but also in volume, for it expands and contracts easily.parison and ContrastA kaleidoscope is a cylindrical toy. The cylinder turns, and pieces of glass inside change their geometric patterns and colors. We can never predict their forms and hues. The patterns can be very beautiful at one moment. Then the cylinder might turn and the pattern might become distorted and ugly. The slightest jar changes its form and its colors, too.Some people are like kaleidoscopes. They are like toys, and we cannot take them seriously. They change their ideas and attitudes unpredictably. They neither consistently support nor consistently condemn a political philosophy or a code of social behavior. They are the uncommitted, shifting people of the world. They waver like the geometric patterns and colors of the kaleidoscope.5.Cause and EffectClimate affects the culture of a country. Men must learn to live within the limitations of their environment and climate is an important part of the physical environment. Life in a tropical country is less strenuous and more casual than it is in a temperate one. Men work shorter hours and less vigorously in a hot climate. They cannot play hard either. They tire easily. They can relax by reading, by sipping cool drinks, or by listening to soothing music. They must try to conserve their energy. The wisest ones learn to respect the demands of Nature. (cause – effect)I do not usually do very well on tests. I get scared in a group of people all writing at once. The ticking of the clock makes me so nervous that I forget what I have learned. Often I do not understand the question well enough to answer it. (effect – cause)6.Process Analysisa. Making hamburgers is really very simple. All you need is a pound of minced beef, which you mix with the other things – salt and pepper, a teaspoon of mustard, and an egg as well. You break the egg in a bowl, and mix all the things together with a fork. When it is smooth and well-mixed, make round hamburgers from the mixture, and roll them in some flour. Then you need a frying pan and some oil. Fry the hamburgers on both sides for about 15 minutes, until they are really brown. When they are ready, get some soft bread rolls and cut them in half. Put the hamburgers inside them and eat them as soon as possible.b. In order to take photographs with your new camera, you must follow these simple instructions. First, take the film cassette out of its packet, and insert it into the back of the camera. Wind the film on until a number 1 appears in the film window at the back of the camera.Now set the aperture to one of the five positions, marked by the sun or cloud signs, according to the lighting conditions. (Don’t forget to take off the lens cover!)Look through the viewfinder and move the camera until what you want to photograph appears between the white lens. Hold the camera steady and press the shutter release button slowly. There – that’s all you have to do to get perfect pictures!c. Here are the directions to get to my house from yours. You walk two blocks north and then turn right on Adams Street. Walk another two blocks to Third Street. Then, turn left on Third Street and walk until you see a dirt road with a yellow house on the corner. That’s my house.d. There are several advantages of learning to type. First, typing is much less fatiguing than writing, especially when you use an electric typewriter. You can typewrite for hours without fatigue, while steady writing for a time will soon tire your hands. Second, no matter how tired you become, the character of typed letters never changes. On the other hand, script will tend to become sloppy after long periods of writing. Next, typing is always legible with a minimum of effort. At times personal script is so poor that it is difficult, if not impossible, to read. Legibility can contribute to an improved grade, since a teacher is more likely to give a low grade to a sloppily written paper than to a neat, typewritten one. Another advantage is speed. A good typist can type from forty to seventy words per minute, while he can write only about twenty to thirty words per minute by hand.e. Increasing your vocabulary can help you in a number of ways. You will discover that knowing synonyms, for example, will decrease the amount of repetition in your compositions and make them more enjoyable to read. And if a teacher enjoys reading your paper, he may even give you a better grade. Also, an increased vocabulary will make your own reading more enjoyable. You will find it is much easier to follow the ideas in your history textbook or the newspaper when you do not have to continually run to the dictionary to look up unknown words. If you are not always stumbling over unfamiliar words, you will become more eager to read and not as discouraged when you do come across an unknown word. As a result, you will read faster and more intelligently, become more knowledgeable, hence you will be better informed about the world around you. Strange as it may seem, vocabulary study can make you a better person.。
