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⏹What: 表示“事物”、“事情”等。
⏹Whatever: 表示“无论什么”。
⏹Which: 表示“哪一个”。
⏹Whichever: “无论哪一个”。
⏹When: 表示时间。
⏹Why: 表示原因。
⏹Where: 表示地点。
主语从句和主语从句的特点：由that引导的主语从句：⏹That she is still alive is sheer luck.⏹特别注意：That: 只起到连接作用，本身没有意义。
形式主语⏹that引导的主语从句如果较长，常用代词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句置于句尾，以保持句式的平衡。
⏹That the two sides will work towards peace is our hope. (主语太长，头重脚轻)首先了解引导名词性从句的连接词的含义：⏹That: 只起到连接作用，本身没有意义。
⏹How: 表示方式和程度。
⏹Whether; if: 表示“是否”。
⏹Who; whom: 表示“谁”。
Who在从句中作主语、表语和宾语。
Whom在从句中作表语和宾语。
⏹Whose: 表示“谁的”。
⏹Whoever: 表示“不论是谁”。
名词性从句：起名词作用的从句包括：主语从句；宾语从句；表语从句；同位语从句；补语从句由whatever; whoever; 等带有-ever结尾的词引导的主语从句⏹注意：在这些词引导的主语从句中，这些词不仅要起到结构的功能，还要表示“无论……”的意思，这成为经常的考点。
其他⏹How 引导的主语从句：⏹How the book will sell depends on its author.⏹Which引导的主语从句：⏹Which team will win the match is still unknown.⏹Where 引导的主语从句：⏹Where he put it is unknown to us all. what引导的主语从句⏹What: 表示“事物”、“事情”等。
主语从句讲解一.主语从句的语序主语从句要求利用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。
二. 连接词的选用（1）that和what的选用that和what都可引导主语从句。
what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成份，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。
而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。
（2）if和whether的选用引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。
（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用按照主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各类成份。
（4）whatever / whoever的功用whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。
它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。
要注意和whatever, whoever引导的妥协状语从句的区别。
三. it组成的主语从句（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it 作形式主语。
（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构<a>It is a fact （a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news…）that…<b> It is necessary （clear / true / strange/ important /wonderful / possible / likely…）th需要注意的是，这种主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。
<c> It is reported （well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered…）that…。
主语从句一⑴从属连词①That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That she survived the accident is a miracle.(回顾）常见形式主语句型：②Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.注意：Whether he likes the present is unclear.⑵连接代词①What we lack is experience.What you need is more practice.Whatever we do is to serve the people.②Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.Who the watch belongs to is unknown.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whoever breaks the law should be punished.注意：Whoever=anyone whoWhatever=anything that③Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize. Whichever you want is yours.⑶连接副词When we should leave it is a problem.Where they will come hasn’t been made public.How this happened is not clear to anyone.Why he did such a thing is not clear.二It作形式主语和it引导的强调句型（区别）①It was ordered that the goods be sent there by planes.It was last summer that he graduated from the university.②It has been found out who set the record.It was Mary that/who set the record.③It was last summer when he graduated from the college.It was last summer that he graduated from the college.④It was because of the heavy snow why the train was late.It was because of the heavy snow that the train was late. 三主语从句时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。
主语从句
高中英语知识点讲义
----主语从句
一、教学目标
1.知识目标：掌握主语从句的基本意义、形式，以及连接词的用法。
2.能力目标：会选定连接词，会运用主语从句进行口语或书面表达。
3. 情绪和态度目标：坚定学生学习英语语法的信心，从而激发学习英语语法的
学习兴趣。
二、教学重难点
1. 主语从句的连接词的选定。
2. 主语从句遵循的特点：陈述语气、缺什么补什么、不缺补that。
3. it做形式主语的情况。
三、教学步骤
1、首先，我们来看下面几个例子，请大家找出划线部分词语在句子中所做的成
分。
（1）Jeremy Lin is a basketball player.
（2）Smoking is bad for you.
（3）To find your way can be a problem.
（4）This is not funny at all.
2. 主语从句
（一）定义：顾名思义，用作主语的从句就叫做主语从句。
它是名词性从句的一种。
（注意：名词性从句分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
）
（二）请看下面两个例子，大家便会对主语从句有一个初步概念。
A. The story makes me laugh. (词组)
B. That he failed the test makes me laugh.（从句）
（三）引导主语从句的连接词
连词：that/ whether
连接代词：who/ what/ which (在主语从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语等) 连接副词：when/ where/ how/ why（在主语从句中做状语）
（即：7个wh-, 1个that, 1个how）
3. 连接词的用法
（一）that
That作为从属连词引导主语从句时，其本身没有实际意义，只起到引导作用，也不充当从句的任何成分，但不能省略。
如：That she left him made him heart-broken.
That you missed the film is really a pity.
注意：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正的主语搁置于末尾。
常用的句型有：
（1）It + 系动词 + adj. + that从句
常在此句式中的形容词有ture, certain, important, wonderful, funny, possible, natural, obvious, clear, strange, wrong, right, likely, probable等。
而且，此句式中主语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”的形式，其中should可省略。
如：It is obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
It is very important that a student(should) learn English well.
（2）It + 系动词 + 名词（词组）+ that从句
常用于此句式的名词（词组）有a pity, a shame, an honor, no wonder, a fact 等。
如：It is a pity that that you missed the film.
（3）It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
常用于此句式的过去分词有：said, reported, believed, thought, expected,
considered, announced, suggested, advised, required, proposed等。
如：It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
It is said that there is another good harvest this year.
（4）It + seems/ appears/ matters/ happens + that 从句
如：It seems that it is going to rain.
It appeared that he had a good time at the party.
（二）whether
Whether在引导主语从句时，虽然不做从句中的成分，但具有实在意义，不能省略。
如：Whether he will come or not is still a question.
It is still unknown if/ whether the plan will be carried out.
注意：（1）whether可以与or not 连用
（2）whether引导主语从句位于句首时，不可用if 替换。
（三）wh-疑问词及how既在从句中充当成分，又包含着特定的意思。
如：When/ Whether she will be back is still a question.
What you told me just now was really a surprise.
注意：从上述所有例子中我们可以看出，主语从句应使用陈述句语序。
4.如何选用连接词
（一）看句型，即：“it be/ 动词…句子”结构。
看到这样的句型，立即套用that, 然后还原语序，如果句子成立，那么就可以用that。
（2011年江苏卷26）It was never clear___ the man hadn’t reported the
accident sooner.
A. that
B. how
C. when
D. why
（二）看意思
如：whether意思为“是否”，“which”意思为“哪一个”。
（2007年湖北卷第37题）____ (他是否出过国) doesn’t make much difference. (he, abroad)
（三）分析句子成分
（1）看从句是否缺乏东西（主宾表），如果是，连接词选用
what(事、物)或者who（人）。
（2011年湖北卷第76题）____ (令球迷欣喜的) was that the young
player perfomed exteriorly well in the table tennis tournament. (delight) （2）如果句子成分齐全，那么考虑是否需要状语。
根据句子的意思确定
是需要时间、地点、原因、还是方式。
（when, where, why, how） (2008年湖北卷第33题) ___ （我成长的地方）is very hot and damp in summer. (grow)
（3）如果句子成分均已饱满，意思也完整，那么考虑使用that。
That the movie The Adventures of Tintins is to be on made me so excited.
四、课后习题
1. ____ suddenly occurred to him that his parents should have arrived in Beijing by this time.
A. What
B. It
C. That
D. As
2. ____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A．What B. If C. That D. Whether
3. In some countries, ____ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
4. ____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B.Whether
C. That
D. Where
5. ____ makes mistakes must correct them.
A.What
B. That
C. Whoever
D. Whatever。
