中石油通用英语选读课文40fundamental techniques in handling pe

中国石油天然气集团公司职称英语通用选读练习题（01-40）说明：15、16、17、18、28、29、30、31暂无Lesson 11. It has to be a growth from ___, not a graft from ___.A with… withoutB within… withoutC without… withD without…within2. She is silently exhorting us to keep ___ this pioneering spirit without which every other effort will be meaningless.A liveB livingC aliveD aliving3. ___ their superb track record, we can expect OIL and ONGC to bring to their operations the finest in terms of managerial, technical and interpretative skills.A GivingB To giveC GiveD Given4. What is needed is the great leap forward, a dynamic surge to close the gap and thus ___ a serious economic danger.A pull offB take offC ward offD turn off5. This is ___ a distinguished 19 century French mineralogist calls the passion of the pioneer.A thatB whatC whichD where6. It is important that we respond to this summons for, quite simply, it is a summons ___ greatness.A inB onC toD for7. The nation can rest assured that the oil industry is fully aware of its responsibility and is ___ to meet the challenge.A getting upB turning upC making upD gearing up8. It has, through the decades, ___ for technical excellence.A strivenB striveC to striveD strivingLesson 21. One hundred of the stamps sold to the public became ___ as “inverts”, for the plane was printed upside down.A famousB knownC fameD know2. A single such stamp has been sold for ___ $6,500.A as many asB as few toC as much asD as little to3. He reached ___ the new sheets and handed on to Robey.A onB toC byD for4. He looked at other sheets and found that ___ was well centered.A allB everyC bothD none5. Then he told his friends ___ his discovery, and they, too, looked in the city’s post offices.A ofB forC toD in6. Not being a rich man, Robey decided to cash __ on his good fortune.A forB inC ofD by7. No one else wanted to ___ on the sheet for fear that Robey’s might not be the only upside-down sheet.A betB tellC bidD think8. The collector’s heart stood still as he saw that the sheet which ___ him had inverted centers.A had offeredB have been offeredC had been offeredD have offered9. No owner can ___ the thrill that . Robey had on that day in 1918 when he made America’s luckiest stamp find!A beatB winC getD matchof these “upside-down” airmail stamps are now ___ over $6,000.A worthB worthyC valueD valuelessLesson 31. The assumption ___ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions.A in whichB on whichC under whichD by which2. In the spring of 1996, a book was published ___the supposedly true story of an elderly millionaire.A toldB tells B telling D to tell3. People began to realize that we are ___ the threshold of a new age in the biosciences.A ofB onC inD by4. But some distinguished biologists offered their opinion ___ the book was pure fantasy.A whatB whichC thatD where5. But it is still a far cry ___ the much more complicated experiment on the carbon copy of human beings.A inB onC byD from6. Although it may look simple on paper, it isn’t ___.A in a wayB in practiceC as yetD for purposes can cause it to ___ a duplicate of yourself.A grow intoB grow upC get intoD get up8. They pointed out that cell researchers simply do not yet know enough to ___ sucha feat.A pull onB pull offC pull inD pull downis more than genetic make-up ___ makes an individual.A whatB whichC thatD when10. Fortunately, cloning research is not a technique for reproductive ___.A objectivesB purposesC supposesD subjectivesLesson 4, the Royal Family is supported ___ public funds.A onB toC fromD with2. Its recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, ___ the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law.A in whichB by whichC under whichD with which3. Politicians and others are accountable ___ their lives.A toB forC withD in4. The Government will probably take no action ___ it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993.A beforeB afterC forD until5. This proposal would have made ___ unlawful to photograph people on private property or record their conversations without permission.A thatB itC toD which6. Hence, some editors say they are justified in ___ private lives to uncover any faults.A pry intoB prying intoC pry upD prying up7. It is also considering the ways ___ the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.A in whichB under whichC for whichD with which8. But a general law protecting privacy was ___.A declinedB deniedC rejectedD refused9. It also ___ a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.A supposedB proposedC closedD choosedsections of the media justify their intrusion ___ saying it is in the public interest.A byB inC forD onLesson 5one of their new jets ___ you, just start shooting and hope that you hit him.A hitB hittingC hitsD to hit2. ___ of us was thinking the same thing.A EveryB BothC AllD Each3. That’s ___ we had been told.A whenB whatC whereD whichwould streak down to ___ in the mountains below.A flashB smashC finishD wash5. Then we went back to the ___ of getting home.A businessB questionC matterD problem6. Did his guns jam ___ the last second?A onB atC inD under7. ___ the 3-inch-square chaff chute, I could see the enemy shells exploding just below us.A PassB FromC ThroughD On8. A guy’s chances of getting home ___ good.A wasB beC isD wereenemy had a fighter so fast we couldn’t even hold a sight ___ it.A atB forC onD by___ the other wais t gunner’s shoulder, I saw the enemy jet.A onB overC byD underthat shell had hit us half a second sooner, it ____ the pilot.A might hitB hitC have hitD might have hitLesson 61. One of the major concerns of students in any speech class ___ stage fright.A areB beC isD were2. The listener receives the communicated message and may provide feedback ___ the speaker.A withB toC forD ofspeakers adjust their voices to the larger audience and work at ___ physical mannerism and verbal habits.A avoiding to distractB to avoid distractingC to avoid to distractD avoiding distracting4. You will take a big step toward overcoming stage fright if you concentrate on ___ your audience.A communicating toB communicate withC communicating withD communicate to5. The need for effective public speaking will almost certainly touch you ___ in your life.A sometimeB any timesC sometimesD anytime6. You tailor your message ___ your audience.A ofB toC inD with7. Interference is anything ___ impedes the communication of a message.A whichB whatC thatD whospeech class will you an opportunity to gain confidence and make your nervousness work for you ___ against you.A more thanB less thanC would rather thanD rather than9. The situation is the time and place ___ speech communication occurs.A in whichB for whatC of thatD with whichcourse, public speaking is also different ___ conversation.A inB fromC forD ofinteraction of these seven elements is ___ determines the outcome in any instance of speech communication.A thatB whichC whatD whereLesson 71. What they are trying to say ___ that bits fall off machines—especially when they start to break down.A isB areC wereD be2. When he ___ the matter, he found three examples of direct copying of . theses in the department.A looked upB looked forC looked intoD looked at3. This example is part of a thesis that ___ have been plagiarized at Swansea University.A appearing toB appears toC to appearD appeared4. The case came to light when Ansymana Koroma appealed ___ a decision not to award him a .A forB inC withD against. Koroma’s appeal is ___ consideration and will be treated with due seriousness.A forB onC underD by6. He is ___ University of Wales to conduct an inquiry.A calling forB calling onC calling atD calling in7. He alleges that his department took five months ___ him with the oil necessary to his research.A providingB providedC to provideD provide8. I believe academic standards, particularly in the supervision of post graduate research, are ___.A wantingB wantedC wantD to want9. Mr. Koroma’s appeal is ___ consideration and will be treated with due seriousness.A ofB onC byD under10. He claims that Swansea accepted him as a student in 1992 ___ that no one in the engineering department had the necessary expertise to supervise his work.A knownB knowingC to knowD knew11. He was encouraged to repeat using dirty oil and to conceal flaws in research-- ___ he was failed by the external examiner.A in whichB by whichC for whichD under whichLesson 81. This is something like the way ___ high and low sounds are produced by a flute or whistle.A by whichB in whichC under whichD on which2. Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists ___.A as suchB as forC as toD as yet3. We are ___ that at the end of the central hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear.A knowB awareC knownD awared4. ___ message is carried by a macula depends upon how it is affected.A WhatB WhichC WhereD When5. For instance, a certain kind of tadpole can ___ the depth of the water it is swimming in by the pitch of a tone which is produced by its own lungs.A sayB tellC speakD talk6. The same is true to still a larger degree of such animals as frogs and fishes, although in the frog we can at least see an eardrum.A trueB realC trulyD really7. Scientists must explore much ___ for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.A longerB farerC furtherD deeperhigh sounds are produced when the air is prevented by the holes ___ going through.A toB fromC ofD inthis is what produces the differences __ high ___ low sounds.A from… toB and… andC too… toD between… and sound waves enter the cochlea, they set a membrane into a ___ motion and cause a new wave.A back and forthB up and downC and so onD hand and hand message which is carried is not, however, always connected ___ the hearing sense.A forB toC withD from12. Even deeper lies the inner ear, the organ ___ we “hear”.A in whichB for whichC on whichD with whichLesson 9years ___, men sailed in ships that did not take them back to their homes for many years.A pass byB gone byC gone intoD pass to2. ___ a story about whales it is a good idea to learn as much about them as you can.A EnjoyB EnjoyingC To enjoyD Enjoys3. One group of whales ___, instead of teeth, long strips of bone, hanging from their upper jaw.A hasB haveC isD are4. Once whales ere hunted for whale-bone ___ for blubber.A as suchB as long asC as wellD as well as5. The whale ___ its strength and weight against the moving arms of the great squid.A protectsB matchesC leansD appeal6. It is for the valuable oil in blubber ___ whales are hunted.A whichB whatC thatD wherecould ___ the early whaling boats with one lash of its powerful tail.A turn downB turn offC turn up C turn over8. It ___ a group of whales called toothed whales.A belongsB belongings toC belongs toD belonging9. A crew of men sets to work ___ the great whale of its blubber.A strippingB strippedC to stripeD stripe10. Many a whale ___ battle scars that were left by a squid’s fierce struggles.A carryingB carryC carriesD to carrywhale was ___ because it was not easy to get.A worthB valuableC priceD costly12. There ___ many stories written about whales.A has beenB haveC hasD have beenLesson 101. The effective permeability is a ___ measure of the conductance of the porous medium for one fluid phase.A relativeB relevantC reflectD reveal2. The second method uses full-diameter core samples ___ of ft.A in growthB in lengthC in widthD in rate3. So far permeability is referred to rock conditions ___ a single-phase fluid saturation was considered.A whichB whenC whatD where4. In addition, there are many instances when, not two fluids, but three fluids exist in the rock ___.A respectivelyB evenlyC simultaneouslyD especiallysaturations, if know, should be specified to define completely the conditions ___ a given effective permeability exists.A for whatB in thatC for whichD in whichcan be determined from samples extracted ___ the formation or by in-place testing.A onB inC fromD out, ____ the many possible combinations of saturation for a single medium, Laboratory data are usually summarized and reported as relative permeability.A owing toB as forC comparing withD aside from becomes necessary, therefore, ___ the fluid saturation when stating the effective permeability of any particular fluid in a give medium.A to specifyB specifyingC specifiedD specifyis the ability ___ the formation to conduct fluids.A toB onC ofD with10. The medium can have a distinct and measurable conductance to each phase ___ in the medium.A presentedB presentingC presentD to presentas K is the accepted symbol for permeability, Ko, Kw, and Kg are the respected symbols for the effective permeability to oil, water , and gas ___.A respectB respectedC respectingD respectivelyLesson 111. All owe their origin to the oil ___ as petroleum, found deep in the earth.A to knowB knowC knownD knowing2. Such “sun ship” might travel ___ over one hundred kilometers an hour.A onB overC byD at3. Look inside the medicine cupboard __ more petroleum products, medical paraffin and petroleum jelly.A atB forC intoD out4. As you head for your bus, train or car, all ___ use petroleum products in the form of fuel to move them and lubricants to keep them in working order.A in whichB with whichC for whichD of which5. But ___ then the world will have to decide on its priorities.A long beforeB before longC so longD no longer6. Recently protein feeds for animals have been developed by growing yeast ___ a petroleum based stock.A intoB onC inD with7. Such “sun ship” would have a large enough surface area to carry the enormous number of solar cells necessary to move ___ appreciable load.A someB fewC anyD many8. One company has presented an idea ___ metal strips inserted in pavements and roads operate fly wheels by means of a piston action using hydraulic fluid.A with which Bfor which C under which D in which9. Oil, or electricity from oil-fed generators may be ___ you comfortably warm.A keepingB keepC keptD to keep10. Should airlines compete on similar routes allowing planes to fly long distances ___ empty passenger seats?A onB inC withD foris an old English saying, “___ is the mother of invention.”A NecessaryB NecessityC NecessarilyD Necessaries predict that the world’s known oil resources will ___ early in the next century.A run awayB run downC run intoD run outLesson 121. The earth and the moon were born together ___ from the same cloud of gas and dust.A at a timeB in timeC on timeD at the same time2. Another said that the moon material would explode ___ an astronaut’s boot touched it.A as soon asB as suchC as yetD as well as3. It has the same chemical elements ___ the earth and the rest of the solar system but in very different amounts.A as doesB to doC to hasD as havethe surface, however, there is no ___ of heat – no volcano, for example.A sighB signifyC signD significant5. Rock and soil samples and information of many other kinds have become ___ in recent years.A capableB considerableC stableD available6. However, the crust in almost ____ than the earth’s crust.A four time thickB four times thickerC thick fourtimes D thicker four timewith all we know about the moon, there is even more ___ we don’t know.A thatB ofC toD than8. It may also have a core, as the earth ___.A didB doC doesD doing9. ___, of course, the moon is very different.A By means ofB In contrast toC With respect toD In other ways10. So far, none of these theories ___ to be either right or wrong.A has been provedB have provedC has provedD have been proved11. ___ there seems to be heat someplace inside the moon, possibly a great deal of it.A Just nowB Right nowC Right awayD Just a moment12. ___ all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant past.A In order toB For our purposesC In spite ofD Except forLesson 131. He sometimes becomes more powerful than ___.A other cardsB any other cardsC any other cardD any others2. Of course, the blade has been made much ___ on the card.A shorterB longerC shortD long3. Julius Caesar, ____, is the King of Diamonds.A in a wayB by the wayC on the wayD in no way4. The playing cards we use today are much like ___ used for hundreds of years.A thatB oneC onesD those5. History from King David to Queen Elizabeth is all ___ playing cards.A in front ofB on the front ofC in the front ofD at the front of6. The figures are placed on each card __ the number or value of the card.A inB ofC forD with7. A Knave is usually a person who ___ trouble.A gets intoB gets awayC runs intoD runs away8. What do you think the suits ___?A bring forthB come aboutC stand forD make up9. These men made ___ famous for their courage and bravery, but they were not kings.A theyB themC theirD themselves.Lesson 14internal managerial relationships of legal persons and other organizations are governed by laws on companies or enterprises, not by the contract law, ___.A tooB alsoC as wellD either2. Both parties shall ___ the principles of honesty and good faith in exercising their right and performing their duties.A complain aboutB comply withC supply forD apply to3. The principle of voluntariness embodies the fundamental characteristics of civil activities and is therefore the unique principle of civil legal relationship that distinguishes it ___ administrative and criminal legal relationship.A fromB ofC inD between4. The contract concluded ___ the compulsory provisions of the law and administrative regulations is invalid.A in conformity withB in accordance withC in violation ofD consistent with5. No party may impose his own will ___ another and no unit or individual may illegally interfere.A toB onC forD inthe law or administrative regulations provide that a contract shall take effect upon ___such procedures as approval or registration, such provisions shall be observed.A going throughB going intoC going onD going byDraft Contract law stipulates that a contract means an agreement ___the subjects with equal status, that is, natural persons, legal persons and other organizations, establish, alter or terminate civil right – crating an obligatory relationship between them.A in whichB wheneverC wherebyD what8. Compared with that of the three existing contract laws, the scope of application of the Draft Contract Law is ___ enlarged.A approximatelyB appreciablelyC apparentlyD appropriatelyLesson 191. Austin expected to be shot on the spot. ___, the king sent a runner for fresh water.A InsteadB In spite ofC Instead ofD In practice2. Fish collectors pay ___ 19 cents for a guppy to $100 or more for hard-to-breed fish.A forB fromC toD atraising of pet fish goes back to the early days of the Sung Dynasty in China, about 900 ., ___ they were raised in small bottles as house pets.A whereB whichC whatD whentold ___ his crime.A withB forC ofD tointo the water and very ___, young Austin Strong saw shapes of double-tailed goldfish.A excitedB excitingC exciteD excitescontinue to regard them ___ a very fine sight.A forB withC onD asa busy aquarium store may sell up to $20,000 ___ of fish in a good year.A worthyB worthC valueD valuable___ $50 or more to set up a good salt water aquarium.A takesB costsC spendsD payslowered a bent pin ___ a piece of string.A attached toB close toC near toD tied todeveloped more than 100 beautiful kinds with ___ names ___ Falling Flowers, Seven Stars, Eight Melon Seeds, Piled-up-Gold.A so…asB such…asC either…orD neither…orpiece of the universe ___ great things happen—birth, life and death; mating and feeding before our eyes.A whenB whichC whereD thatLesson 20gave a concise definition of a trap as “ the place ___oil and gas are barred from further movement.”A whatB whyC whenD whereterm “trap” was first ___ a hydrocarbon accumulation by Orton.A applying toB applied toC apply toD applies to net pay is the cumulative vertical thickness of a reservoir ___ petroleum may be produced.A by whichB in whichC for whichD with which of the gross pay does not necessarily ___ productive reservoir.A made ofB consist ofC instead ofD lots of ___ oil, gas, ___ water may be sharp or transitional.A between…andB either…orC such…asD both…and contacts in a trap are generally planar, but are ___ always horizontal.A by all meansB by means ofC by no meansD what it meansmats cause considerable production problems by inhibiting water ___ displacing oil.A inB fromC withD foronly ___ a gross gravity separation of gas oil occur within a reservoir but more subtle variation may also exist.A doB isC doesD area trap contains oil and/or gas depends both ___ the chemistry and level of maturation of the source rock.A forB withC onD inlowest point ___ hydrocarbons may be contained in the trap is the spill point.A in whichB at whichC with whichD by whichdefinition needs some ___, however.A qualitiesB qualifiesC qualificationD qualificationsof a reservoir necessitates ___ the gross-net pay ratio across the field.A mapB to mapC mappedD mappingLesson 211. An acquaintance of ___ who lives in England and had never been outside it until last summer decided to go over to France for a trip.A meB myC ID mine2. I found a little place ___ they made quite good fish and chips.A whenB whereC whatD which3. ___ of these fancy bits for me!A OneB BothC NoneD Every4. And each side ___ to be detached and broad-minded.A managesB managingC to manageD manage5. He had gone to France determined to live there exactly ___ he was in England.A even thoughB althoughC even ifD as if6. I had fried eggs and chips, but it was ___ getting them to make them.A none of your businessB on businessC quite a businessD go back to the business7. Physical differences are not so difficult to adapt oneself to __ religious, ethical and irrational ones.A thatB asC forD than8. The criterion for judging a foreigner could be: Does he try to be polite and considerate to others? ___ : Is he like me?A Instead ofB Except forC For instanceD Instead9. And do you know, they ___ that it was marmalade?A resistedB insistedC suggestedD interested10. But actual physical contact with things __ is unaccustomed to is much more difficult to bear philosophically.A thatB whichC oneD all11. The Indonesian may explain this action rationally as ___ a difference in custom.A hearing fromB learning fromC asiding fromD arising fromdidn’t you eat ___ of the famous French food?A someB anyC everyD both13. I thought it useless to explain that we borrowed the word ‘marmalade’ ___ French, and that it means, in that language, any kind of jam.A fromB forC toD inLesson 221. And __ bad __ this quake was, many have been worse.A such…asB as…asC so…asD not so…as2. The ground ___ Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently.A with respect toB as a result ofC by no meansD inthe vicinity of3. There it is so hot that ___ hard rock there is material much like the hot lava that a volcano erupts.A more thanB insteadC instead ofD better than4. ___ even more frightening was the sound of huge boulders which began rolling down the steep mountain.A What toB How toC How wasD What was5. What causes these terrible shakes of the very ground ___ we live?A on whichB in whichC for whatD under that6. The layers of rocks are not laid __, as a bricklayer would build a wall.A evenB evenlyC unevenD unevenly7. Since the Yellowstone earthquake some people have said that they would never go to that area for ___ being caught in a landslide such as occurred after the earthquake.A worry aboutB wonder atC care forD fear of8. It is the earth’s 40 mile deep crust ___ we are co ncerned when we seek the cause of earthquake.A in whichB for whichC with whichD on which9. Because there the layers of rocks which make up the earth’s crust are not ___ even.A at allB for allC to allD in all10. At the same time we can understand the need of being ready to help those ___ do suffer such trouble.A whichB whoC thatD what11. Both the heaving of the ground ___ the noise were very frightening but lasted not quite 45 seconds.A ofB forC andD with12. Sometimes a break in the earth’s crust comes about, which starts such a landslide as ___ which occurred in Madison Canyon.A whatB onC inD that。

中石油职称英语阅读理解练习文章中石油职称英语阅读理解练习文章本篇中石油职称英语阅读文章是关于文化禁忌的，每个文化都有着相同或者不同的禁忌，当我们到达那个国家时，我们需要注意，不要冒犯了别人。

下面是店铺整理的关于文化禁忌的中石油职称英语阅读文章及习题，希望能帮到大家!Cultural Taboos 文化禁忌1. The speed and convenience of modern travel means that(引导宾语从句) destinations that used to take a long time to travel to can now be reached quickly and easily. Even though "faraway" countries may now seem closer thanks to air travel, they may still be different from your home country. Therefore, it is important to adapt your behavior so that you don't insult or offend the local people. The following are some fundamental rules that will make communication easier and your trip more enjoyable.1、现代旅行的速度和便捷(convenience n. 便利)意味着过去需要花很长时间才能抵达的(that used to take a long time to travel to定语从句修饰destinations; used to do sth. 过去经常做某事; travel to 走访)目的地现在可以又快又轻松地到达。

2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(44)Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧1.On the morning of April 15,1865,Abraham Lincoln laydying in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging house directlyacross the street from Ford's Theater,where John Wilkes Boothhad shot him. Lincoln's long body lay stretched diagonallyacross a sagging bed that was too short for him. A cheap reproduction of Rosa Bonheur's famous painting The Horse Fairhung above the bed,and a dismal gas jet flickered yellowlight.1、1865年4月15日清晨,亚伯拉罕.林肯奄奄一息地躺在福特戏院对面一家廉价客栈的卧房里。

约翰。

威尔克斯。

布斯枪杀了他。

那张下陷的床对身材修长的林肯来说实在太短了。

床的上方，挂着一件罗莎。

邦赫的名画《马市》的廉价仿制品，一盏阴暗的煤气灯发出惨淡的黄晕。

2.As Lincoln lay dying,Secretary of War Stantonsaid,"There lies the most perfect ruler of men that the worldhas ever seen."2、当林肯奄奄一息地躺着时，陆军部长斯坦顿说：“躺在这里的，是世界上有史以来最完美的元首。

”3.What was the secret of Lincoln's success in dealingwith people? I studied the life of Abraham Lincoln for tenyears and devoted all of three years to writing and rewritinga book entitled Lincoln the Unknown. I believe I have made asdetailed and exhaustive a study of Lincoln's personality andhome life as it is possible for any being to make. I made aspecial study of Lincoln's method of dealing with people. Didhe indulge in criticism? Oh,yes. As a young man in the PigeonCreek Valley of Indiana,he not only criticized but he wroteletters and poems ridiculing people and dropped these letterson the country roads where they were sure to be found. One ofthese letters aroused resentments that burned for a lifetime.3、林肯待人方面成功的秘诀是什么?我花了十年的时间研究亚伯拉罕。

40 Fundamental<基本的> Techniques in Handling<处理> People处理人际关系的基本技巧1. On the morning of April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln lay dying<奄奄一息地躺在> in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging<寄住的，暂住的> house directly across the street from Ford's Theater, where John Wilkes Booth had shot him. Lincoln's long body lay stretched<伸展> diagonally<adv斜线地，对角地> across a sagging<下陷的，下垂> bed that was too short for him. A cheap reproduction<复制品，仿制品> of Rosa Bonheur's famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismal<adj阴暗的，阴沉的，凄凉的>gas jet<煤气喷嘴，煤气火焰>flickered<发出> yellow light.1.1865年4月15日清晨,亚伯拉罕.林肯奄奄一息地躺在福特戏院对面一家廉价客栈的卧房里。

约翰·威尔克斯·布斯枪杀了他。

那张下陷的床对身材修长的林肯而言实在太短了。

床的上方，挂着一件罗莎·邦赫的名画《马市》的廉价仿制品，一盏阴暗的煤气灯发出惨淡的黄晕。

2. As Lincoln lay dying, Secretary of War Stanton said, "There lie s the most perfect ruler<元首，统治者> of men that the world has ever seen."2.当林肯奄奄一息地躺着时，陆军部长斯坦顿说：“躺在这里的，是世界上有史以来最完美的元首。

1. President Hu Urges Efforts to Ensure Global Energy Security.（胡锦涛主席敦促国际社会协同努力保障全球能源安全）1. The international community should take joint efforts to ensure global energy security, Chinese President Hu Jintao said in St. Petersburg, Russia on July 17.2. "To ensure global energy security, we need to develop and implement a new energy security concept that calls for mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified forms of development and common energy security through coordination," Hu said in a written speech to the outreach session of the G8 summit.3. While global energy security is crucial to the economic growth and people's livelihood of all countries, the world peace and stability, and common development, "few countries can achieve energy security without joining in international cooperation," he stressed.4. In this regard, efforts should be made in the following three priority areas, Hu said.5. First, cooperation should be enhanced for mutual benefit in energy development and utilization.6. "To ensure global energy security, it is important to strengthen dialogue and cooperation between energy exporters and consumers and among major energy consumers," he said.7. He urged the international community to strengthen policy coordination and improve mechanisms for monitoring the international energy market and responding to energy emergencies.8. Second, a system for R&D and extension of advanced energy technologies needs to be put in place, Hu said.9. International cooperation should be promoted in R&D of key technologies in renewable energies, hydrogen power, nuclear power and other energy resources, and energy-saving technology should also be promoted, he said.10. Third, efforts should be made to maintain a sound political climate favorable to energy security and stability, Hu said.11. "We should join hands to safeguard stability of energy-producing countries and regions, the Middle East in particular," he said. "Energy issues should not be politicized, still less should countries willfully resort to force in tackling energy issues."12. Hu also explained China's energy strategy that can be summarized as follows: Give high priority to conservation, rely mainly on domestic supply, develop diverse energy resources, protect the environment, step up international cooperation of mutual benefit and ensure the stable supply of economical and clean energies.13. Hu pledged that China, as a major energy consumer and producer, "will make proper useof the international energy market and strengthen win-win cooperation with other energy producers and consumers on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to jointly safeguard global energy security."1、中国国家主席胡锦涛七月十七日在俄罗斯圣彼得堡发表讲话说，国际社会应该共同努力，保障全球能源安全。

51. Einstein's Inspiring[激励人心的] Heir[n.继承人].爱因斯坦的激励人心的继承人、1. He is almost totally paralyzed[adj.瘫痪的], speechless and wheelchair-bound[adj.被束缚的], able to move only his facial muscles and two fingers on his left hand. He cannot dress or feed himself, and he needs round-the-clock[a.一整天的] nursing care. He can communicate only through a voice synthesizer[语音合成器], which he operates by laboriously[ad.费力的]tapping[(tap):轻敲]out words on the computer attached to his motorized[给..装发动机的] chair. Yet at age 50, despite these crushing[决定性的] adversities[(adversity):n.不幸], Stephen Hawking[霍金] has become, in the words of science writers Michael White and John Gribbin, "perhaps the greatest physicist[n.物理学家]of our time." His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time, has sold 1.7 million copies around the world.1、他几乎完全瘫痪，不能说话，离不开轮椅，能够活动的只有他面部的肌肉和他左手的两个指头。

16. Unconventional Oil and Gas非常规油气1.One of the universally<普遍地>accepted definitions<定义>for unconventional<非传统的> oil and gas is that they are extracted<开采、萃取>using techniques other than the conventional method.In terms of<依据，在某方面>the chemical composition,unconventional oil and gas are identical to<与…相同，identical同一的，同样的> conventional.Unconventional oil consists of<包含>oil sands,extra heavy oil and shale oil,which need advanced<先进的> technology to be extracted.Unconventional gas is found in highly compact<致密的，紧凑的>rock or coalbeds and requires a specific set of production techniques.1.非常规油气的一个广为接受的定义是它们是以非常规手段开发的油气。

从化学成分上来看，非常规油气和常规油气是相同的。

非常规石油包括油砂、超重石油和页岩油，但需要先进技术开采。

非常规天然气存于高度致密的岩石或煤层中，需要使用特殊开采技术才能获得。

2.Oil Sands2.油砂3.Tar sands <焦油砂>are a combination of<结合> clay,sand,water,and bitumen<沥青>,a heavy black viscous oil<粘性油>.Tar sands can be mined<开采>and processed<加工>to extract the oil-rich bitumen,which is then refined<精制，精练> into oil.The bitumen in tar sands cannotbe pumped<注入>from the ground in its natural state<自然状态>;instead tar sand deposits are mined,usually using strip mining<露天开采> or open pit<采石场，露天开采> techniques,or the oil is extracted by underground heating with additional upgrading.3.焦油砂是一种粘土、砂、水和沏青（一种重质黑色稠油）的混合物。

2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录41. HAPPINESS INDEX幸福指数 (2)42 BECOMING WEALTHY: IT'S UP TO YOU 致富取决于你自己 (7)43 OIL 石油 (10)44 JOB SATISFACTION <NEW> (13)45. HOW TO BECOME A SCIENTIST <NEW> (18)46. CULTURAL TABOOS文化禁忌 (21)47 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT 在全球环境中进行管理 (25)48. THE CONSCIOUS USE OF THE SUBCONSCIOUS MIND <NEW> (29)49. THE BRITISH THROUGH MY EYES <NEW> (33)50 NOT QUITE READY TO RETIRE 退休为时尚早 (36)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。

跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。

是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。

考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。

过段时间，再来温习下吧。

41. Happiness Index幸福指数(index n. 索引；偏意：指数)1. In terms of happiness, your spouse—if you have one—is worth $100,000 a year.1、就幸福而言（in terms of 依据；按照），你的配偶(spouse)——如果你有的话——值10万美元一年（a year）。

1 English Is a Crazy Language词汇1. We take English for ___.（C）A. groundB. greatC. grantedD. grant2. My alarm clock __B__ at 6 every morning.A. goes onB. goes offC. gets upD. gets out3. English was invented by people，and it A the creativity of the human race.A .reflects B. result C. refine D. renew4. When I D my watch，I start it.A. look upB. take upC. break upD. wind up语法5. English muffins weren’t invented in England _D____ French fries in France.A. whileB. notC. eitherD. nor6. If you have a bunch of odds and ends and get rid of __C___of them, what do you call it?A. one but allB. all only oneC. all but oneD. all besides one7. We find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square and a guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor B ．A. it is a pigB. is it a pigC. is a pigD. a pig it is8. Why A that writers write but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce and hammers don’t ham?A. is itB. it isC. isD. it was2All I Learned in Kindergarten词汇1.When you go out into the world, watch for traffic, hold hands and __A___ together.A. stickB. stuckC. strikeD. struck2. Think of what a better world it would be if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon and then ___A___ with our blankets for a nap.A. lay downB. laid downC. lain downD. lied down3. B what a better world it would be if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon and then lay down with our blankets for a nap.A. Think overB. Think ofC. Think outD. Think if语法1. Put things back __C__ you found them.A. whatB. whileC. whereD. which2. Goldfish and hamsters all die. __D___.A. So do usB. So we doC. So are weD. So do we3. Think of what a better world __B___ if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon.A. would it beB. it would beC. will it beD. it going to be4. No matter how old you are, when you go out into the world, it _D___ to hold hands and stick together.A. would betterB. had betterC. be betterD. is better5. A how old you are，when you go out into the world，it is better to hold hands and stick together.A. No matterB. Even ifC. As ifD. In spite of6. Most of B I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be, I learned in kindergarten .A. thatB. whatC. thoseD. When3. On Mobile Office词汇1. Mobile office is the A product of economic, scientific, and social progress.A. mutualB. practicalC. multipleD. mobile2. Mobile office has become a B that provides users with convenient, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office facultyA. salutationB. solutionC. solvationD. solutide3. Using mobile office and WAP technology, people can do their work via _B__ such as mobile phone and palm computer.A. termsB. terminalsC. criminalD. termination4. Mobile office will B your dream of completely free communication.A. riseB. realizeC. raiseD. reality语法1. Integrating Internet and mobile communications network, and C powerful applications support capacity for wireless interconnection, mobile interconnection platform is an important network support technology to accomplish mobile office.A. provideB. providedC. providingD. to provide2. Mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility C .A. has realizedB. realizeC. has been realizedD. have been realized4. How to Explore a City词汇1. These tips will help you make the __C___ of any urban adventure.A. moreB. muchC. mostD. mostly2. These tips will help you B the most of any urban adventure.A. takeB. makeC. restD. like3. If you don't want to buy a city guidebook, just C the guidebooks in a store.A. look atB. look intoC. look throughD. look for4. Blogs give you a chance to D others' travel experiences.A. learn behindB. learn withC. learn atD. learn from5. If possible, D a free city map at the airport, train station or your hotel.A. take upB. catch upC. look upD. pick up6. Visit the city's tourism office, which will A other valuable information.A. provideB. produceC. proofD. profound7. Visit the city’s tourism office, which will provide other __A__ information.A. valuableB. valueC. valuation D valueless语法1. Some city guidebooks are specially designed for a D visit.A.24 hoursB.24 hourC.24-hoursD. 24-hour2. B your first adventure, take a city bus that drives in a circle through the downtown area.A. AsB. ForC. InD. With3. Some of the best things that a city has to offer can be found __C___ mistake.A. becauseB. inC. byD. on5. Can Money Buy Happiness?词汇1.People in the United States whose income goes from US$20,000 a year to US$50,000 a year aremore D to be happy.A. likefulB. likewiseC. livelyD. likely2.Good relationships have a far greater C on happiness than large raises in salary.A. businessB. conditionC. effectD. affect3. Good relationships have a far greater effect on happiness than large __D__ in salary.A. riseB. ariseC. arouseD. raises4. Invest your time and energy in people. The payoff is much bigger C happinessA. in the long termB. on terms ofC. in terms ofD. in general terms5. B your time and energy in people. The payoff is much bigger in terms of happinessA. investigateB. investC. inventD. invert答案：DCDCB语法1. The more money you have, the A it brings you joyA. lessB. mostC. muchD. mostly2. If you’re looking for happiness in life, find the right husband or wife __B___ trying to doubleyour salary.A. better thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. and6 How Americans View Love词汇1. You might call Valentine's Day an B celebration of love.A. anniversaryB. annualC. usualD. common2. Americans know no romance is perfect, but still try to find the C person.A. ideaB. idealisticC. IdealD. ideaed3 Americans A dating differently from people in other culture.A. viewB. lookC. regardD. see语法1. __C__ people give cards, flowers and candy to their sweethearts.A. Love-strikeB. Love-stickC. Love-struckD. love-stuck7 Carbon-based Alternative词汇1. The combustion of larger molecules D a more complex series of reactions.A. containsB. impliesC. includesD. involves2. Recent years have seen __A___reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles.A. substantialB. substanceC. submitD. subjective3. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to __B___ uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere.A. leaseB. releaseC. pleaseD. relief4. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle ___B___is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. permissionsB. emissionsC. omissionsD. missions5. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvements would still C to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.A. relationB. oweC. contributeD. attachment语法5. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about__A___ methanol.A. twice as expensive asB. twice as more expensive asC. as twice more expensive asD. as twice expensive as1. Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles___C__ .A. have been steadily increasingB. has steadily increasedC. has been steadily increasingD. has been steadily increased10. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, D is one of its attractive features.A. the low cost of whatB. the low cost of themC. the low cost of thoseD. the low cost of which8 Our Family Creed词汇2. These are the principles on which my wife and I have tried to __D___our family.A. bring downB. bring onC. bring inD. bring up9 The Art of Public Speaking词汇1. In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you _B__ a wide range of skills.A. applyB. employC. developD. multiply2. Listeners __B_ negatively to speeches loaded with slang, jargon, and bad grammar.A. actB. reactC. interactD. transact3. Public speaking demands a different method of __B_.A. deliverB. deliveryC. delicateD. delete4. Whatever the speaker communicates is the message, which is sent _D__ a particular channel.A. by all meansB. by no meansC. by any meansD. by means of5. One of the major C of students in any speech class is stage fright.A. conclusionsB. concertsC.concernsD. concentrations10 A Gentleman词汇1. The Victorian gentleman must have been really something to __B__ if the article is true.A. holdB. beholdC. beheldD. behave2. For any woman who has dreamed of "Knight in shining armor", the perfect man, or just a man who would __D__ the TV remote control, you have found him here.A. give offB. give inC. give outD. give up3. For those women who are married, take heart and remember, your husband may not resemble the"Victorian Gentleman", but you love him__D__.A. in a wayB. somewayC. by the wayD. anyway4. A gentleman never B himself except when compelled.A. speaks outB. speaks ofC. speaks forD. speaks at语法1. We should ever conduct ourselves towards our enemy as if he _C___ one day to be our friend.A. isB. wasC. wereD. be11 Smoking and Cancer词汇1. This is roughly the __C___ of 4195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more.A equalB equalityC equivalentD equator2. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases may also, __A__, live in industrial areas or eat more canned food.A by coincidenceB in coincidenceC with coincidenceD of coincidence3. Current research indicates a __B__ relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat.A casualB causalC causeD course4. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking, is associated with shortened life _D___.A. expectationB. expectantC. expectancyD. prospect5. Smokers who __D__ cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas, or eat more canned food.A. improveB. processC. evolveD. develop语法6. It is estimated that 51% of American men smoke __C___ 34% of American women.A comparing withB comparing toC compared withD compare to12.Taking Chances, Making Chances词汇1. I __C__ onions and potatoes in my sister’s boarding h ouse.A. paleB. parkC. peelD. peep2. As she sat down to peel onions, she __A___ the brick floor.A. gazed atB. good atC. looked outD. looked through3. She spent every __B__ moment learning more about bricks.A. otherB. spareC. spanD. special4. She soon quit her kitchen job to __D__ writing.A. take inB. take outC. take offD. take up5. __B__ her protests about being a poor writer, he made her promise to complete the assignment.A. ByB. AgainstC. WhileD. Except语法1．Lecture Hobbs sometimes tells about a woman who _B___ in London over a century ago.A. livesB. livedC. had livedD. has lived2.If __C__ no chance, can you make one?A. givingB. to giveC. givenD. you are giving答案：BC13 The Province of Alberta词汇1. Although Alberta has a population of only 3.26 million, it _C__ 4th in population among Canadian provinces.A. rangesB. reachesC. ranksD. rates2. The province was __D__ Princess Louis Caroline Alberta, a daughter of Queen Victoria of England.A. named asB. named forC. named toD. named after3. The major language spoken in the province is English, __A__ a few bilingual towns north of Edmonton.A. with the exception ofB. above allC. in allD. in accordance with4. At present many more Albertans are farmers, who __D___ millions of tons of wheat, oats and barley.A. riseB. ariseC. arouseD. raise5. __B__ its rich deposit in oil, petroleum industry has become one of the most important industries of the province, with many oil fields and refineries.A. In spite ofB. Owing toC. In contrast withD. In addition6. The climate in Alberta is __D__, particularly in summer, when the average temperature is about60 degrees Fahrenheit.A. pleasedB. pleasingC. pleadingD. pleasant7. Many tourists are attracted to the first rate skiing ground at the__A___ of Banff and Jasper.A. resortsB. resourcesC. scenesD. restores14 A World without Oil词汇1. If you are comfortably cool in a tropical climate, your air conditioning unit may C oil-fed generators.A.depend withB. depend atC. depend onD. depend by2. In the kitchen and the bathroom you will probably see some plastic D such as tiles and working surfaces.A.goodsB. thingsC. articlesD. fittings语法5. Have you ever stopped to think how your life would change if the world __A___ out of oil?A.ranB. runC. has runD. had run6. ____ how your life would change if the world _D__ out of oil?A Did you ever stopped to think, ranB Have you ever stopped to think, has runC Do you ever stopped thinking, runsD Have you ever stopped to think, ran4. Recently protein feeds for animals __B___by growing yeast in a petroleum based stock.A. has been developedB. have been developedC. has developedD. have developed15 How Animals Hear词汇Birds are even more__C___,because we do not even see an outer ear.A. myselfB.mysteryC. mysteriousD.mutualHunters know that birds are attracted by __D___calls.A.artB.articleC.artisticD.artificialNature has__D__some very delicate hearing mechanisms for its creatures.A.set downB.set aboutC.set asideD. set up5.A certain kind of tadpole can tell the __A__ of the water.A. depthB.deepC.deeplyD.deem:3. Animals such as dogs and cats also have _C__ outer ears.A. considerableB. consistentC. conspicuousD. constructive4. Hunters know that birds are attracted by _D__ calls.A. artisticB. assumingC. assemblyD. artificial5. You should be as quite as possible if you don’t want to go home __C_.A. emptily-handedB. empty-handC. empty-handedD. emptily-hand6. Scientists must __C____ much further for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.A. exposeB. expectC. exploreD. exhale12. Scientists must explore much _A__ for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.A. furtherB. featherC. fartherD. father语法Few of us probably ever stopped to think whether there might be such a thing _A__a middle and inner ear beneath those pointed tips.A. asB.thatC.whichD.where7. The inner ear _B__ delicate membranes.A. composes ofB. is composed ofC. is composing ofD. composes8. What message is carried by a macula _C__ how it is effected.A. depend onB. depending onC. depends onD. depended on16. The Germanic Languages词汇1. Within this group of over 500,000,000 speakers is English, foremost A its geographic spread and number of second-language users.A. in terms ofB. in spite ofC. in case ofD. such as2. English and German speakers B the majorities in several of the world's most economically developed countries.A. congratulateB. compromiseC. constituteD. conclude3. Though these languages cannot be easily understood among their different speakers, the similarities in vocabulary are B .A. sameB. strikingC. similarD. indifferent4. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages D a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology.A. account atB. account inC. account ofD. account for5. Hardly an aspect of modern life does not B from the contributions made by those using these languages.A. learnB. benefitC. computeD. result6. The Scandinavian languages of Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish__D__the North Germanic grouping.A. compressB. compromiseC. computeD. comprise7. Being able to communicate with others in this far-reaching linguistic group will offer the user__D__ benefits.A.measureB.measurementC.measurableD. immeasurable8. More than one-third of the world's economic production __A__in these countries.A.originatesB.originC.originalD.orientation答案：ACBDB DDA语法1. More than B of the world's economic production originates in these countries.A. one thirdB. one-thirdC. one-thirdsD. one-three2. The same is true for_D___who want to learn Dutch or Danish from an English or German background.A. thatB.theseC.thatD. those答案：BD17 How Americans Eat and Drink词汇1. Cola drinks B caffeine from the kola nut.A. includeB. containC. concludeD. obtain2. The American A for speed has now hit the food business.A. passionB. successC. fashionD. succession3. Cola drinks contain caffeine from the kola nut and are the only soft drinks which are stimulating __B__refreshing.A.as long asB. as well asC.as good asD.as soon as4. Many restaurants, __C__ the great chain restaurant company, Macdonald’s, specialize in fast food”.A. as well asB. in allC. in particularD. on average5. One of the pleasantest things about waiters and waitresses is that they refill your coffee cup several times for no__C__ charge!A. excessiveB. surplusC. extraD. else答案：BABCC语法1. People who prefer __D___ at a table in the restaurant also ______ their food in cardboard or plastic containers, and the knives, forks and spoons are plastic, too.A. eating, receivingB. to eat, to receiveC. eating, receiveD. to eat, receive2. There __C__ supermarkets in the USA since the 1930s, and they have now spread through a large part of the world.A. wereB. will have beenC. have beenD. has been答案：DC18 The Delights of South Island词汇1. Among these four islands, there can be no doubt that South Island is the most spectacularly __D__of them all.A. senseB. sceneC. scienceD. scenic2. The islands of England and Ireland D the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.A. competeB. completeC. compareD. comprise3. North Island in New Zealand sports a balmy climate and the beaches to _D__it.A. make fun ofB. make sureC. make senseD. make use of4. With almost no heavy industry on South Island, the air, water, and land are all __C__ of pollution.A. heavyB. freedomC. freeD. lots5. Its temperate__A___sees little snow except in the highlands and mountainous areas.A. climateB. weatherC. placeD. scene答案：DDDCA语法1. One of the odder coincidences of physical geography is the fact __C___ there are two double islands.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where2. __A___ the beauty of these three islands, what makes South Island so special?A. GivenB. GivingC. ThoughD. However3. Some of the world's best mountain scenery is available within the B long chain of the Southern Alps.A. 500-kilometersB.500-kilometerC. 500-kilometers’D. 500 kilometer答案：CAB19Net to Newspaper: Drop Dead词汇1. No matter what is introduced into the media ecosystem, newspapers C .A. liveB. aliveC. surviveD. drop2. Newspaper execs are groping for some killer app, but nothing has yet D .A. taken upB. taken offC. taken onD. taken hold3. The new and troubling reality for newspapers is that even if they __C__as purveyors of information to appreciative audiences,they still face tough business terrain.A. excessB. exceedC. excelD. excellent4.Given the Internet's vast, almost infinite expanse, __C__will never drive ad pricing online.A. scarceB. scarC. scarcityD. scarcely5. The New York Times will __C__ Web users to read its columnists' prose later this year.A. changeB. chartC. chargeD. charm答案：CDCCC语法1. B the Internet's vast expanse, scarcity will never drive ad pricing online.A. GivingB. GivenC. To giveD. To be given2. Ads are following the eyeballs to_B____ they make transactional decisions.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when答案：BB21 A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy词汇1. I was___C____; my life seemed completely out of balanceA. depressionB. depressC. depressedD. depressing2. The tinkling laughter ____C___ again.A. broke upB. break downC. burst forthD. burst into答案：CC语法1. I thought I saw her mother on the porch and felt like D she keep her child at home.A. being demandedB. to demandC. demandD. demanding答案：D22 An Introduction to Distillation词汇1. Petroleum refining is the___C__ of petroleum into fractions and the subsequent treating of these fractions to make them into petroleum products.A operationB introductionC separationD separable2. Refining petroleum is a complex series of steps by which the original crude material is eventually __D__ into salable products.A. conservedB. reservedC. conceivedD. converted3. Petroleum products D chemical processes that change the molecular nature of selected portions of crude petroleum.A. result ofB. result atC. result inD. result from4. Distillation has B a major refinery process.A. beenB.remainedC. keptD. lasted5. It is thought that vacuum or steam distillation will A a better quality product.A. yieldB. commitC. concludeD. complete6. A refinery is essentially a group of manufacturing plants that __D___ in number with the ______ of products produced.A vary, variousB variety, varyC invariable, variableD vary, variety答案：CDDBA D语法1. Most petroleum products are fractions of petroleum that__B__to remove undesirable components.A has been treatedB have been treatedC be treatedD treated2. Other products are totally or partly synthetic __B__they have compositions that are impossible to achieve by direct separation of these materials from crude petroleum.A. so thatB. in thatC. in factD. in terms of3. Refinery processes must be selected and products D to give a balanced operation.A. to manufactureB. manufacturingC. manufactureD. manufactured4. It is possible to obtain products A from gaseous materials taken off the top of the distillation column to a heavy residue or “bottom”.A. rangingB. rangeC. to rangeD. being ranged答案：BBDA23Hints to Improve Spoken English词汇1. There are those who really like to talk and are willing to try their language out __D__ they make mistakes.A. as far asB. as long asC. as ifD. even if2. The ___C_ about which is more important in the English language has lasted for a long time.A. disputeB. quarrelC. debateD. difference3. Speaking fluently A not only speed.A. involvesB. quarrelsC. concludesD. indicates4. If they make a lot of mistakes, they may find it difficult to get their ideas __C___.A. upB. outC. acrossD. down5. One mistake Chinese often make is __A___the “s” from the third person singular verbs.A. omittingB. vomitingC. committingD. permitting答案：DCACA24 The Moon---Riddle from the Past词汇1. Rock and soil samples and information of many other kinds have become __C _in recent years.A. accountableB. considerableC. availableD. possible2. Like the earth，the moon is in__B _, with a crust on the outside and a deep mantle below.A. liarsB. layersC. lavaD. lead3. It has the same chemical elements as have the earth and the __C__ of the solar system but in very different amounts.A. remainsB. leftoversC. restD. remainder4. The surface itself A from heat of 23F to cold of minus 290F, depending upon where the sun is.A. rangesB. restsC. meltsD. varies5. The moon was born someplace else in the solar system and then __C_ by the ear th’s gravity.A. captainedB. capitalizedC. capturedD. capped答案：CBCAC语法1. The moon’s crust is almost B than the earth's crust.A. thicker four timesB. four times thickerC. four times thickD. four time thicker2. So far, none of these theories B to be either right or wrong.A. have been provedB. is provedC. has been provedD. has proved答案：BC25 The Delight of Books词汇1. Precious and priceless are the blessings which the books __B__ around our daily paths.A. scareB. scatterC. sprayD. sacred2. Many of those who have had all that this world can give, have yet told us they B much of their purest happiness to books.A. ownedB. relatedC. stickD. owed3. Without __B__ from our firesides we may roam to the most remote regions of the earth.A. stirredB. stirringC. staringD. stared答案：BDB语法1. If any one would make me __C__the greatest king with palaces and gardens, ____ condition thatI should not read books, I __ _ not be the king.A. /, in, wouldB. to be, on, shouldC. /, on , wouldD. be, by, will2. If any one D make me the greatest king that ever lived on condition that I not read books, I not be a king.A. should, should, shouldB. should, should, wouldC. /, should , wouldD. would, should, would3. I am always glad to make my little girl happy, and nothing pleases me so much as A that she likes books.A. to seeB. seeingC. seeD. saw4. Books are to mankind __D__ memory is to the individual.A. whenB. howC. whichD. what答案：CDAD26 The Magic of Energy词汇1. In simplest __D__, mechanical energy is the energy of a moving object.A. regardsB. meansC. waysD. terms2. Various fuels such as coal, gas, oil and food _D___ heat when they burn.A. give upB. give awayC. give overD. give off3. Nuclear fuels such as plutonium and uranium B heat energy when fission occurs.A. give upB. give offC. give overD. give away答案：DDB语法1. Energy readily changes __C__ from one form to another.A. inside and outB. up and downC. back and forthD. from first to last2. This principle of change is what keeps everything_B___ in this world of ours.A. to goB. goingC. goneD. to be gone3. Without the sun there __A__ no life.A. would beB. isC. areD. will be答案：CBA28 That "Other Woman" in My Life词汇1. I’ve discovered the secret of keeping love and intimacy C in my relationship with my wife.A. livelyB. liveC. aliveD. living2. My mother clutched my arm, half out of D and half to help her negotiate the restaurant steps.A. appreciationB. orderC. questionD.affection3. Sometimes my mother and I B a movie, but mostly we talk.A. take onB. take inC. take upD. take off答案：CDB29 Civilization and History词汇1. Most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and C them as conquerors.A. ruled onB. ruled aboveC. ruled overD. ruled with2. People fight to B quarrels.A. disputeB. settleC. addD. solve3. Civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of A their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side.A. settlingB. takingC. solvingD. adding。

51.┃Sales Promotion 产品促销1.┃ Sales promotion consists of those promotional activities other than advertising,personal selling,and publicity.┃ As such, any promotional activities that do not fall under the other three activities of the promotion mix are considered sales promotion.┃ The trade often uses the term indiscriminately.┃ Businesspersons may use the term “promotion” when they actually mean “sales promotion.┃”For purpose here, promotion is a broad term that encompasses sales promotion as well as the other three promotional activities.┃ 1、产品促销指的是不同于广告、个人销售和宣传的推销活动。

┃因此，不属于以上三种推销活动的推销活动都被认为是促销。

┃实际生活中经常不加区分地使用这一概念。

┃商务人员在说“推销”时，实际上指的是“促销”。

┃本文中，推销是一个广义的概念，它包括促销以及其他三种推销活动。

┃2.┃ The techniques of sales promotion are varied and numerous.┃ The common ones used arecoupons,sweepstakes,games,contests,price-offs,demonstrations,premiums,samp les,and money refund offers.┃ A combination of these can be used and sometimes is used in the same campaign.┃2、推销的手段多种多样，数不胜数。