供应链管理 第三版 Unit14 习题与答案

供应链管理课后习题答案供应链管理课后习题答案一、什么是供应链管理？供应链管理是指将不同环节的供应商、生产商、分销商和零售商等各个参与者之间的活动和流程进行协调和整合，以最大程度地提高整个供应链的效率和效益的管理方法。

它涉及到从原材料采购到产品生产、物流运输、库存管理、销售和售后服务等各个环节的协调和优化。

二、供应链管理的重要性供应链管理的重要性体现在以下几个方面：1. 提高效率和降低成本：通过优化供应链各个环节的协调和流程，可以减少物流时间和库存成本，提高生产效率和交付速度，从而降低整体成本。

2. 提高客户满意度：供应链管理可以确保产品按时交付，减少缺货和延迟交货的情况，提高客户满意度和忠诚度。

3. 增加竞争力：通过供应链管理，企业可以更好地应对市场需求的变化，提供更加灵活和个性化的产品和服务，增强竞争力。

4. 优化资源配置：供应链管理可以帮助企业合理配置资源，避免资源浪费和过度投资，提高资源利用效率。

5. 降低风险：通过供应链管理，企业可以更好地应对供应链中的风险，如供应商倒闭、自然灾害等，降低风险对企业的影响。

三、供应链管理的关键要素供应链管理的关键要素包括供应商管理、物流管理、库存管理、生产计划和协调以及信息流管理等。

1. 供应商管理：包括供应商选择、合同管理、供应商绩效评估等，确保供应商能够按时提供符合质量要求的原材料和零部件。

2. 物流管理：包括运输、仓储、配送等环节的协调和管理，确保产品能够按时到达目的地。

3. 库存管理：包括库存的控制、预测和优化等，确保库存水平适当，避免库存过高或过低。

4. 生产计划和协调：包括生产计划的制定、生产进度的监控和协调等，确保生产能够按时完成。

5. 信息流管理：包括信息的收集、传递和分析等，确保信息能够及时准确地在供应链中流动，以支持决策和协调。

四、供应链管理的挑战和解决方案供应链管理面临着一些挑战，如需求不确定性、供应链中的风险、信息不对称等。

为了应对这些挑战，可以采取以下解决方案：1. 加强合作和协作：建立长期稳定的合作关系，加强供应链各个环节之间的沟通和协作，共同应对挑战。

“课后训练”参考答案第一章主要概念供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成的一个整体的增值网链结构单元供应链由一家企业的直接供货商和直接客户组成，包括了从需到供的循环。

它是供应链的最基本模式产业供应链(extended supply chain)由单元供应链组成，是企业联合其他上下游企业，通过联盟和外包等各种合作方式建立一条经济利益相关、业务关系紧密、优势互补的产业供需关系网链，企业充分利用产业供应链上的资源来适应新的竞争环境，实现合作优化，共同增强竞争力。

全球供应链是在全球范围内组合供应链，是企业根据需要在世界各地选取最有竞争力的合作伙伴，结成全球供应链网络，以实现该供应链的最优化供应链管理是为满足服务水平要求，将供应商、生产商、销售商、物流商到最终用户结成网链来组织生产与销售商品，并通过商流、物流、信息流、资金流系统设计、计划、运行和控制等活动达到降低系统总成本的预期目的，它是供应链商流、物流、信息流、资金流以及合作者关系等规划、设计、运营、控制过程进行一体化的集成管理思想、方法和技术体系一体化物流是指原料、半成品和成品的生产、供应、销售环节结合成有机整体，进行系统计划与协调的活动重点实务企业供应链结构分析：能够根据实际运作绘制企业供应链结构；效率型供应链、反应型供应链与功能性产品和创新性产品的匹配：能够明确效率型供应链与功能性产品、反应型供应链和创新性产品的匹配关系。

习题与训练一、判断题1．√2．×3．√4．√5．×二、选择题1．A2．A3．D4．D5．A三、简答题1．供应链有发散网结构、会聚网结构、T形网结构等三种结构。

供应链主要具有以下特征：(1)全局性；(2)复杂性；(3)动态性；(4)交叉性；(5)增值性；(6)面向用户需求。

供应链管理习题答案供应链管理习题答案供应链管理是现代企业运营中至关重要的一环。

它涉及到从原材料采购到最终产品交付的整个流程，包括供应商选择、物流运输、库存管理等各个环节。

在实践中，供应链管理面临着各种挑战和问题，需要通过有效的策略和方法来解决。

下面将针对几个供应链管理习题给出相应的答案和解析。

习题一：如何选择供应商？答案：选择供应商是供应链管理中关键的一步。

首先，企业应该明确自己的需求和要求，包括质量、价格、交货时间等方面。

然后，通过市场调研和供应商评估，筛选出符合要求的候选供应商。

最后，通过实地考察和合同谈判，选择最合适的供应商。

习题二：如何优化物流运输？答案：物流运输是供应链管理中的一个重要环节。

为了优化物流运输，企业可以采取以下策略。

首先，合理规划物流网络，选择合适的仓储和配送中心。

其次，优化运输路线，减少运输时间和成本。

再次，使用信息技术来跟踪和管理货物的运输过程，提高运输效率和准确性。

习题三：如何管理库存？答案：库存管理是供应链管理中的一个重要环节。

有效的库存管理可以降低成本，提高客户满意度。

为了管理库存，企业可以采取以下措施。

首先，建立准确的需求预测模型，避免库存过剩或缺货。

其次，优化订货策略，合理控制订货量和订货时间。

再次，使用先进的库存管理技术，如ABC分类法和定期盘点等，提高库存管理效率。

习题四：如何应对供应链风险？答案：供应链管理面临各种风险，如自然灾害、供应商倒闭等。

为了应对供应链风险，企业可以采取以下策略。

首先，建立供应链风险管理体系，包括风险评估、风险监控和风险应对等方面。

其次，与供应商建立紧密的合作关系，共同应对风险。

再次，建立备份供应商和备用物流渠道，以应对突发情况。

习题五：如何评估供应链绩效？答案：评估供应链绩效是衡量供应链管理效果的重要指标。

为了评估供应链绩效，企业可以采取以下方法。

首先，建立供应链绩效指标体系，包括交货时间、库存周转率、客户满意度等方面。

其次，收集和分析相关数据，进行绩效评估和比较。

第一章课后习题答案一、判断题SCP:分别指市场结构(Structure )，市场行为(Conduct)，市场绩效(Performance)。

哈佛学派认为. 市场结构(Structure )，市场行为(Conduct)，市场绩效(Performance)之间存在着必然的联系.並建立了SCP分析框架來分析行业与企业的发展情況P5三、简答题1答：分析汽车供应链结构简图：（1）汽车行业全球供应链的形成与发展在激烈的市场竞争中，汽车制造业是一个复杂程度和集成度非常高的行业，汽车制造业需要懂得合作与共享，并且在不同的环节有着不同的侧重点，满足不同客户需求，不断完善汽车产业全球价值链的分工体系，才能在激烈的市场中成为佼佼者。

（2）汽车供应链的利益分配及影响因素“微笑曲线”价值分布汽车供应链中有不同的侧重点，对于整车装配、非关键零部件的生产加工、流通环节等均为低附加值环节；对于产品设计与研发、品牌推广和关键零部件的生产和采购等则划分为高附加值环节，汽车企业应重视“微笑曲线”所带来的价值，针对不同的区域有不同的侧重点，有利于节省成本，提高质量。

特征：多种生产策略组合；典型的生产滚动计划；整车厂的生产计划实施，驱动整个供应链；普遍注重精益的物流运作；物流业务外包成主流；严格的零部件供应商准入机制与供应商分级管理；基于框架协议下的全球化采购；汽车售后供应链体系备受关注。

汽车产业发展新趋势汽车产业发展呈现规模化、集群化发展趋势，产业集群化使产业链纵向延伸发展，同时提高了与相关产业进行横向竞争与合作的效率2、答：分析服装供应链结构简图：先分析服装供应链的工艺流程，再分析服装供应链的类型。

服装供应链有四种主要类型的企业：（1）单纯的生产加工企业（2）自有品牌的“虚拟企业”（3）供、产、销一体化的企业（4）服装贸易公司特征：（1）服装产品的生命周期短(2)服装消费需求变动性大(3)服装消费需求的可预测性低(4)服装购买的冲动性高(5)服装产品被模仿的情况严重P14-15发展趋势：（1）产品个性化需求增大消费能力、消费心理与社会的进步三个因素，共同催生了个性化定制这个基于人自身表达诉求的概念。

供应链管理第三版Unit习题与答案Chapter 1Understanding the Supply ChainTrue/False1. A supply chain includes only the organizations directly involved in supplyingcomponents needed for manufacturing.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate2. A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling acustomer request.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. A supply chain could be more accurately described as a supply network orsupply web.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the value generated for themanufacturing component of the supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. Every supply chain must include all 5 stages.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy7. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain aredivided into a series of activities performed at the interface between successivestages.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain aredivided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response toor in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chainare divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in responseto or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chainare divided into a series of activities performed at the interface betweensuccessive stages.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. The objective of the customer arrival process is to maximize the conversion ofcustomer arrivals to customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. The objective of the customer arrival process is to ensure thatorders are quicklyand accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chainprocesses.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. The objective of customer order entry is to ensure that orders are quickly andaccurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. The objective of customer order entry is to maintain a record of product receiptand complete payment.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard15. The replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard16. The replenishment cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. The replenishment cycle is initiated when a supermarket runs out of stock of aparticular item.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard18. The replenishment cycle is initiated when customers load items intended forpurchase into their carts.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard19. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to theorder entry process in the replenishment cycle.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard22. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to theorder fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard23. The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. The procurement cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy25. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, because it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member ofthe supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, because it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiatedin response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, because it categorizes processesbased on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customerorders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, because it specifies the roles andresponsibilities of each member of the supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. Pull processes may also be referred to as reactive processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy30. Pull processes may also be referred to as speculative processes.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy31. Push processes may also be referred to as speculative processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy32. Push processes may also be referred to as reactive processes.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy33. All supply chain activities within a firm belong to one of three macro processes 每CRM, ISCM and SRM.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34. There is a close connection between the design and management of supplychain flows and the success of a supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1. Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?a. Customersb. Retailersc. Wholesalers/Distributorsd. Manufacturerse. All of the above are stages within a typical supply chain.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy2. Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?a. Customersb. Retailersc. Wholesalers/Distributorsd. Merchandiserse. Component/Raw material suppliersAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy3. Supply chain profitability isa. not correlated to the value generated by the various stages of the supplychain.b. the total profit to be shared across all supply chain stages.c. the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and theoverall cost across the supply chain.d. the total revenue generated by the distributor stage of the supply chain.e. b and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Difficult4. Successful supply chain management requires which of the following decisionphases?a. supply chain strategy/designb. supply chain planningc. supply chain operationd. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate5. The decision phases in a supply chain includea. production scheduling.b. customer relationship management.c. supply chain operation.d. supply chain orientation.e. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. The cycle view of a supply chain holds thata. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories.b. the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series ofactivitiesperformed at the interface between successive stages.c. all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customerorder.d. all processes in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customerorders.e. None of the above are true.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate7. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds thata. the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activitiesperformed at the interface between successive stages.b. all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customerorder.c. all response in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customerorders. d. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories dependingon whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customerorders.e. None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate8. Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?a. Analysis cycleb. Customer order cyclec. Replenishment cycled. Manufacturing cyclee. Procurement cycleAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate9. Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?a. Customer order cycleb. Replenishment cyclec. Manufacturing cycled. Procurement cyclee. All of the above are part of the supply chain cycle view.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. The customer order cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy11. Which of the following is not a process in the customer order cycle?a. Customer arrivalb. Customer qualificationc. Customer order entryd. Customer order fulfillmente. Customer order receivingAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. Customer arrival refers toa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership. e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. The objective of the customer arrival process is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at thelowest possible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy14. Customer order entry isa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate15. The objective of customer order entry is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at thelowest possible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveDifficulty: Easy16. Customer order fulfillment refers toa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The objective of customer order fulfillment is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at thelowest possible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveDifficulty: Easy18. Customer order receiving isa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocates product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takes ownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. The replenishment cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy20. The processes involved in the replenishment cycle includea. retail order receiving.b. retail order entry.c. retail order trigger.d. retail order fulfillment.。

供应链管理课后习题答案供应链管理课后习题答案一、概述供应链管理是现代企业管理的重要组成部分，它涉及到从原材料采购到产品销售的整个流程。

通过对供应链的管理，企业可以实现资源的优化配置，提高生产效率和产品质量，从而增加竞争力和利润。

以下是一些供应链管理课后习题的答案，希望能对大家的学习有所帮助。

二、供应链设计1. 什么是供应链设计？供应链设计是指在满足客户需求的前提下，通过合理的供应链网络设计和流程优化，实现企业资源的最优配置和供应链效率的最大化。

2. 供应链设计的关键要素有哪些？供应链设计的关键要素包括供应链网络结构、物流配送策略、库存管理策略、合作伙伴选择等。

3. 供应链网络结构有哪些类型？常见的供应链网络结构包括集中式供应链、分散式供应链、混合式供应链和虚拟供应链等。

4. 如何选择合适的供应链网络结构？选择合适的供应链网络结构需要考虑产品特性、市场需求、成本效益、风险管理等因素，综合评估不同结构的优缺点，以实现最佳的供应链设计。

三、供应链协调1. 什么是供应链协调？供应链协调是指通过信息共享、合作伙伴关系管理、业务流程优化等手段，实现供应链各环节之间的协同和协作，以提高供应链整体效能。

2. 供应链协调的重要性是什么？供应链协调可以减少信息滞后、降低库存水平、提高交付准确率，从而提高供应链的灵活性、响应速度和客户满意度。

3. 如何实现供应链协调？实现供应链协调需要建立有效的沟通机制、共享信息平台，加强合作伙伴之间的信任和合作，同时优化业务流程和决策机制。

四、供应链风险管理1. 什么是供应链风险管理？供应链风险管理是指通过识别、评估和应对供应链中的各种风险，以保障供应链的稳定运行和业务连续性。

2. 常见的供应链风险有哪些？常见的供应链风险包括市场需求波动、供应商倒闭、物流延误、自然灾害等。

3. 如何进行供应链风险管理？供应链风险管理需要建立风险识别和评估机制，制定相应的风险应对策略，同时建立灵活的供应链网络和备份计划，以应对不同的风险情况。

》》》》》》》》》》》》供应链设计与管理——概念、战略与案例研究（第3版）《《《《《《《《《《《《《（选译）第一章1.纵向一体化的企业拥有、管理并运作所有相关的业务职能。

横向一体化的企业由一些独立运营的企业组成，公司总部提供品牌、指导和一般战略。

比较并对比这两种类型企业的供应链战略。

答：纵向一体化企业旨在加强公司各业务成分之间的互动，而且经常集中地管理它们。

这样的结构，可以更容易地通过中央决策除去供应链中的不同部分之间的冲突来实现系统的整体目标。

在横向一体化公司，协调公司内部各业务的供应链通常是没有效益的。

事实上，如果横向一体化企业中的每个企业都专注于它的核心功能，并以最佳状态运行，就可能达到总体的全局最优效果。

2.如果一个企业是完全纵向一体化的，有效供应链管理是否仍然重要？答：有效供应链管理对于完全纵向一体化的公司仍然重要。

在这样的组织结构,公司的不同部门负责不同业务,通常它们都有自己的内部目标,而这些目标有时是无关联的。

这可能是由于缺乏部门之间的沟通或高层的激励政策。

比如,如果只依据收益来评估销售部门, 只依据成本来评估制造部门,公司的总体利润就难以达到最大化。

有效的供应链管理在全局最优业务操作中仍是必要的。

3.考虑一个企业重新设计其物流网络。

为数不多的几个集中仓库的优点是什么？大量靠近最终用户的仓库的优点是什么？答：少数位于市中心的仓库，允许公司利用风险分担，以提高服务水平并降低库存水平和成本。

不过，对外运输成本通常较高，交货间隔期较长。

另一方面，企业可以通过建立更多的靠近最终用户的仓库，以减少对外运输成本和交货间隔期。

然而，这种类型的系统将会使总库存水平和成本增加、规模经济下降、仓储费用增加，并且可能增加对内运输费用。

4.考虑一个企业选择运输服务提供商。

使用卡车承运商的优点是什么？使用诸如UPS这样的包裹速递公司的优点是什么？答：企业对运输服务的选择在很大程度上取决于公司要运输的产品的类型和大小，库存和交付的策略，以及对灵活性的需求：1.如果是大量而稳定的从仓库到需求点（店）运送大件物品或小件物品，货车运输会更好。

供应链管理习题一、单项选择题（每题2分，15题，共30分）1、传统管理模式下生产方式的主要特征不含（C）。

A、少品种B、大批量生产C、柔性D、专用流水线2、（A）主要体现供应链的物理功能，即以最低的成本将原材料转化成零部件、半成品、产品，以及在供应链中的运输等。

A、有效性供应链B、反应性供应链C、稳定供应链D、动态供应链3、许多企业已经普遍将信息系统业务，在规定的服务水平基础上外包给应用服务提供商（ASP），由其管理并提供用户所需要的信息服务。

这是属于（D）业务外包的方式。

A、研发外包 B、生产外包C、脑力资源外包D、应用服务外包4、（A）是指在竞争、合作、动态的市场环境中，由若干个供方、需方等实体（自主、半自主）构成的快速响应环境变化的动态供需网络。

A、敏捷供应链B、稳定供应链C、反应性供应链D、平衡供应链5、提供功能性产品的公司的一个极重要的目标是（B）A、提高边际利润B、降低总成本C、加快市场反应D、降低总库存6、信息技术高度发展以及在供应链节点企业间的高度集成，供应链节点企业间的合作关系最终集成为（D）。

A、传统关系物流关系C、合作伙伴关系D、网络资源关系7、传统的生产计划决策模式是一种集中式决策，而供应链管理环境下生产计划的决策模式是（B）决策过程.A、分布式B、分布式群体C、集中群体D、分权式8、( B )是指需求变化独立于人们的主观控制能力之外，因而其数量与出现的概率是随机的、不确定的、模糊的。

A、单一需求B、独立需求C、多需求D、相关需求9、下列（C）不是供应链管理环境下采购的特点。

A、为订单而采购B、从采购管理向外部资源管理转变C、为库存而采购D、从一般买卖关系向战略协作伙伴关系转变10、在需求变异加速放大的原因中，（A）是需求放大的主要原因。

A、需求预测修正B、订货批量决策C、价格波动D、短缺博弈11、供应链中的信息流控制模式中，各部门对信息的流向及内容有决定权，能灵活掌握信息需求及信息传播的时间、地点和方式，但企业不能从整体上把握信息的流向及内容，缺乏宏观调控能力并导致信息流的混乱及无序，管理效率下降，严重的情况将会是导致管理失控；这种模式是（B）。

Chapter 14Transportation in the Supply ChainTrue/False1. Transportation plays a key role in every supply chain because products areusually produced and consumed in the same location.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy2. Freight transportation costs in the United States amount to about 6 percent of theGDP.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. The shipper is the party that requires the movement of the product between twopoints in the supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. The carrier is the party that moves or transports the product.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. A distributor makes investment decisions regarding the transportationinfrastructure and then makes operating decisions to try to maximize the returnfrom these assets.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard6. A carrier uses transportation to minimize the total cost (transportation, inventory,information, and facility) while providing an appropriate level of responsiveness to the customer.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard7. The vehicle-related cost is incurred whether the vehicle is operating or not and isconsidered fixed for short-term operational decisions by the carrier.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. Vehicle-related cost includes any cost associated with terminals, airport gates,and labor that are incurred whether vehicles are in operation or not.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. Trip-related cost depends on the length and duration of the trip but isindependent of the quantity shipped.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. Trip-related cost includes loading/unloading costs and a portion of the fuel costthat varies with the quantity being transported.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. Overhead cost includes the cost of planning and scheduling a transportationnetwork as well as any investment in information technology.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. A carrier’s decisions are affected by the prices that the market will bear, but notthe responsiveness it seeks to provide its target segment.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. Transportation cost depends on the prices offered by different carriers and theextent to which the shipper uses inexpensive and slow, or expensive and fast,means of transportation.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy14. Rail is the dominant mode of freight transportation in the United States andaccounts for over 75 percent of the nation’s freight bill.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate15. A milk run is a route in which a truck either delivers product from a single supplierto multiple retailers or goes from multiple suppliers to a single retailer.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. Milk runs reduce outbound transportation costs by consolidating large shipments.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy17. Companies should evaluate different transportation options in terms of variouscosts as well as revenues and then rank them according to coordinationcomplexity.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard18. The mode of transportation that results in the lowest transportation cost will lowertotal costs for a supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate19. Ignoring inventory costs when making transportation decisions can result inchoices that worsen the performance of a supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. Firms can significantly reduce the safety inventory they require by physicallyaggregating inventories in one location, which will also decrease transportationcost.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. Temporal aggregation decreases a firm’s responsiveness because of shippingdelay but also decreases transportation costs because of economies of scalethat result from larger shipments.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy22. A firm can meet customer needs by using tailored transportation to provide theappropriate transportation choice based on customer and product characteristics, but at a higher cost.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate23. Tailored transportation is the use of different transportation networks and modesbased on customer and product characteristics.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. The most important operational decision related to transportation in a supplychain is the routing and scheduling of deliveries.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate25. The generalized assignment method is less sophisticated than the savings matrixmethod and usually results in better solutions when there are few deliveryconstraints to be satisfied.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate26. The main disadvantage of the generalized assignment method is its simplicityand robustness.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. The savings matrix method is simple enough to be easily modified to includedelivery time windows and other constraints, and robust enough to give areasonably good solution that can be implemented in practice.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1. The movement of product from one location to another as it makes its way fromthe beginning of a supply chain to the customer’s hands is referred to asa. transportation.b. retailing.c. distribution.d. manufacturing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate2. Transportation plays a key role in every supply chain becausea. products are normally produced and consumed in the same location.b. products are rarely produced and consumed in the same location.c. the cost of transportation is inconsequential.d. transportation is not a factor in determining profitability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy3. Freight transportation costs in the United States amount toa. about 60 percent of the GDP.b. about 16 percent of the GDP.c. about 6 percent of the GDP.d. less than 1 percent of the GDP.e. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Hard4. The key players in any transportation that takes place within a supply chain area. the shipper and the receiver.b. the shipper and the supplier.c. the shipper and the manufacturer.d. the shipper and the carrier.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate5. The party that requires the movement of the product between two points in thesupply chain isa. the shipper.b. the supplier.c. the manufacturer.d. the carrier.e. the receiver.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate6. The party that moves or transports the product isa. the shipper.b. the supplier.c. the manufacturer.d. the carrier.e. the receiver.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate7. Investment decisions regarding the transportation infrastructure (rails,locomotives, trucks, airplanes, etc.) are the primary concern ofa. the shipper.b. the supplier.c. the manufacturer.d. the carrier.e. the receiver.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate8. Which of the following uses transportation to minimize the total cost(transportation, inventory, information, and facility) while providing an appropriate level of responsiveness to the customer?a. the shipperb. the supplierc. the manufacturerd. the carriere. the receiverAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate9. Which of the following is not a factor that affects carrier decisions?a. vehicle-related costb. fixed operating costc. trip-related costd. quantity-related coste. transportation costAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. The cost a carrier incurs for the purchase or lease of the vehicle used totransport goods isa. vehicle-related cost.b. fixed operating cost.c. trip-related cost.d. quantity-related cost.e. overhead cost.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy11. The cost associated with terminals, airport gates, and labor that are incurredwhether vehicles are in operation or not isa. vehicle-related cost.b. fixed operating cost.c. trip-related cost.d. quantity-related cost.e. overhead cost.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. The price of labor and fuel incurred for each trip independent of the quantitytransported is included ina. vehicle-related cost.b. fixed operating cost.c. trip-related cost.d. quantity-related cost.e. overhead cost.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy13. Loading/unloading costs and a portion of the fuel cost that varies with thequantity being transported is included ina. vehicle-related cost.b. fixed operating cost.c. trip-related cost.d. quantity-related cost.e. overhead cost.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy14. The cost of planning and scheduling a transportation network, as well as anyinvestment in information technology is included ina. vehicle-related cost.b. fixed operating cost.c. trip-related cost.d. quantity-related cost.e. overhead cost.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate15. Which of the following costs should a carrier consider to be variable for strategicand planning decisions?a. trip-related costb. quantity-related costc. overhead costd. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate16. Which of the following costs should a carrier consider to be variable foroperational decisions?a. vehicle-related costb. trip-related costc. quantity-related costd. all of the abovee. b and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate17. Which of the following costs should a carrier consider to be fixed for operationaldecisions?a. vehicle-related costb. trip-related costc. quantity-related costd. all of the abovee. b and c onlyAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy18. Which of the following is not a cost the shipper needs to consider when makingtransportation decisions?a. transportation costb. inventory costc. facility costd. quantity-related coste. processing costAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. The total amount paid to various carriers for transporting products to customersisa. transportation cost.b. inventory cost.c. facility cost.d. processing cost.e. service level cost.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy20. The cost of holding inventory incurred by the shipper’s supply chain network isa. transportation cost.b. inventory cost.c. facility cost.d. processing cost.e. service level cost.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy21. The cost of various facilities in the shipper’s supply chain network isa. transportation cost.b. inventory cost.c. facility cost.d. processing cost.e. service level cost.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy22. The cost of loading/unloading orders, as well as other processing costsassociated with transportation, is considereda. transportation cost.b. inventory cost.c. facility cost.d. processing cost.e. service level cost.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy23. The cost of not being able to meet delivery commitments isa. transportation cost.b. inventory cost.c. facility cost.d. processing cost.e. service level cost.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate24. Which mode of transportation is the most expensive?a. airb. truckc. raild. watere. pipelineAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy25. Which mode of transportation is the least expensive?a. airb. truckc. raild. watere. pipelineAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate26. Which mode of transportation is the dominant form of freight transportation?a. airb. truckc. raild. watere. pipelineAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy27. Which mode of transportation is used primarily for petroleum and natural gas?a. airb. truckc. raild. watere. pipelineAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy28. Which of the following is not a design option for a transportation network?a. direct shipping networkb. direct shipping with milk runsc. all shipments via central DCd. shipping via DC using milk runse. All of the above are design options.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy29. Which transportation network design option has the elimination of intermediatewarehouses and its simplicity of operation and coordination as its majoradvantage?a. direct shipping networkb. direct shipping with milk runsc. all shipments via central DCd. shipping via DC using milk runse. tailored networkAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy30. Which transportation network design option establishes an extra layer betweensuppliers and retailers to store inventory and to serve as a transfer location?a. direct shipping networkb. direct shipping with milk runsc. all shipments via central DCd. shipping via DC using milk runse. tailored networkAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate31. Which transportation network design option uses a combination of other optionsto reduce the cost and improve responsiveness of the supply chain?a. direct shipping networkb. direct shipping with milk runsc. all shipments via central DCd. shipping via DC using milk runse. tailored networkAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy32. What trade-offs do managers need to consider when making transportationdecisions?a. transportation cost versus inventory costb. transportation cost versus customer responsivenessc. inventory cost versus customer responsivenessd. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate33. The fundamental supply chain decision(s) involving the trade-off betweentransportation and inventory costs is (are)a. choice of transportation mode.b. inventory aggregation.c. level of customer responsiveness.d. all of the abovee. both a and bAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate34. Cheaper modes of transport typically havea. shorter lead times and smaller minimum shipment quantities.b. shorter lead times and larger minimum shipment quantities.c. longer lead times and smaller minimum shipment quantities.d. longer lead times and larger minimum shipment quantities.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy35. Temporal aggregationa. is the process of combining orders across time.b. increases a firm’s responsiveness.c. decreases transportation costs because of economies of scale.d. all of the abovee. a and c onlyAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate36. Tailored transportation is the use of different transportation networks and modesbased ona. customer density.b. customer distance from warehouse.c. customer size and location.d. all of the abovee. a and c onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate37. The most important operational decision related to transportation in a supplychain isa. minimizing cost of transportation.b. maximizing profitability of the supply chain.c. reducing the level of cycle inventory.d. the routing and scheduling of deliveries.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Hard38. Which of the following are computational procedures that can be used to makedecisions regarding the routing and scheduling of deliveries?a. the savings matrix methodb. the generalized assignment methodc. the loss prevention methodd. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate39. Which of the following is not a major step in the savings matrix method?a. identify the distance matrixb. identify the savings matrixc. assign seed points for each routed. assign customers to vehicles or routese. sequence customers within routesAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate40. The generalized assignment methoda. is more sophisticated than the savings matrix method.b. usually results in solutions where there are fewer deliveries to be satisfied.c. usually results in better solutions when there are few delivery constraintsto be satisfied.d. a and b onlye. a and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Hard41. Which of the following is not a step in the generalized assignment method?a. identify the distance matrixb. assign seed points for each routec. evaluate insertion cost for each customerd. assign customers to routese. sequence customers within routesAnswer: aDifficulty: Hard42. The main disadvantage of the generalized assignment method isa. the quality of the solution.b. that it has difficulty generating good delivery schedules as moreconstraints are included.c. its lack of simplicity and robustness.d. none of the abovee. a and c onlyAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard43. The main strength of the savings matrix method isa. the quality of the solution.b. that it has difficulty generating good delivery schedules as more constraintsare included.c. its simplicity and robustness.d. none of the abovee. a and c onlyAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard44. The main weakness of the savings matrix method isa. the quality of the solution.b. that it has difficulty generating good delivery schedules as more constraintsare included.c. its simplicity and robustness.d. none of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate45. Managers should ensure that a firm’s transportation strategya. involves cost minimization.b. involves profit maximization.c. supports its competitive strategy.d. is separate from competitive strategy.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard46. Ignoring uncertainty in demand encourages a greater use ofa. expensive but flexible transportation modes.b. inexpensive and inflexible transportation modes.c. inexpensive and flexible transportation modes.d. expensive and inflexible transportation modes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate47. Inexpensive and inflexible transportation modes tend toa. perform poorly.b. perform very poorly when plans change.c. perform well when everything goes as planned.d. all of the abovee. b and c onlyAnswer: cDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1. Discuss the two key players involved in any transportation in the supply chain.Answ er: There are two key players in any transportation that takes place within a supply chain. The shipper is the party that requires the movement of the product between two points in the supply chain. The carrier is the party that moves ortransports the product.When making transportation-related decisions, factors to be considered varydepending on whether one takes the perspective of a carrier or shipper. A carrier makes investment decisions regarding the transportation infrastructure (rails,locomotives, trucks, airplanes, etc.) and then makes operating decisions to try to maximize the return from these assets. A shipper, in contrast, uses transportation to minimize the total cost (transportation, inventory, information, and facility)while providing an appropriate level of responsiveness to the customer.Difficulty: Moderate2. What trade-offs do managers need to consider when making transportationdecisions?Answ er: The cost of coordinating operations is generally hard to quantify.Companies should evaluate different transportation options in terms of variouscosts as well as revenues and then rank them according to coordinationcomplexity. A manager can then make the appropriate transportation decision.Managers must consider the following trade-offs when making transportationdecisions:• Transportation and inventory cost trade-off• Transportation cost and customer responsiveness trade-off The trade-off between transportation and inventory costs is significant whendesigning a supply chain network. Two fundamental supply chain decisionsinvolving this trade-off are:• Choice of transportation mode• Inventory aggregationWhen selecting a mode of transportation, managers must account for inventorycosts. Modes with high transportation costs can be justified if they result insignificantly lower inventories. Firms can significantly reduce the safety inventory they require by physically aggregating inventories in one location. Transportation cost, however, increases when inventory is aggregated.The transportation cost a supply chain incurs is closely linked to the degree ofresponsiveness the supply chain aims to provide. If a firm has highresponsiveness and ships all orders within a day of their receipt from thecustomer, it will have small outbound shipments resulting in a high transportation cost. If it decreases its responsiveness and aggregates orders over a longer time horizon before shipping them out, it will be able to exploit economies of scale and incur a lower transportation cost because of larger shipments.Difficulty: Moderate3. Explain why transportation systems should be tailored.Answ er: Tailored transportation is the use of different transportation networksand modes based on customer and product characteristics. A firm can meetcustomer needs at a lower cost by using tailored transportation to provide theappropriate transportation choice based on customer and product characteristics.Firms must consider customer density and distance from warehouse whendesigning transportation networks. Firms must consider customer size andlocation when designing transportation networks. The degree of inventoryaggregation and the modes of transportation used in a supply chain networkshould vary with the demand and value of a product.Tailoring transportation based on customer density and distance, customer size,or product demand and value allows a supply chain to achieve appropriateresponsiveness and cost.Difficulty: Moderate4. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the savings matrix method andthe generalized assignment method of assigning and sequencing customerorders.Answ er: This method is simple to implement and can be used to assigncustomers to vehicles even when delivery time windows or other constraints exist.The generalized assignment method is more sophisticated and generally gives abetter solution than the savings matrix method when the delivery schedule hasno constraints other than vehicle capacity. The main disadvantage of thegeneralized assignment method is that it has difficulty generating good deliveryschedules as more constraints are included.The main strength of the savings matrix method is its simplicity and robustness.The method is simple enough to be easily modified to include delivery timewindows and other constraints and robust enough to give a reasonably goodsolution that can be implemented in practice. Its main weakness is the quality ofthe solution. It is often possible to find better delivery schedules using moresophisticated methods. The savings matrix method is recommended in casethere are many constraints that need to be satisfied by the delivery schedule.Difficulty: Moderate5. Discuss the relationship between transportation strategy and competitive strategy.Answ er: Transportation strategy needs to be aligned with competitive strategy.Managers should ensure that a firm’s transportation strategy supports itscompetitive strategy. They should design functional incentives that help achievethis goal. Historically, the transportation function within firms has been evaluatedbased on the extent to which it can lower transportation costs. Such a focusleads to decisions that lower transportation costs but hurt the level ofresponsiveness provided to customers and may raise the firm’s total cost.Difficulty: Moderate6. Discuss the importance of designing flexibility into the transportation network.Answ er: Flexibility needs to be designed into the transportation network.Whendesigning transportation networks, managers should take into accountuncertainty in demand, as well as availability of transportation. Ignoringuncertainty encourages a greater use of inexpensive and inflexible transportation modes that perform well when everything goes as planned. Such networks,however, perform very poorly when plans change. When managers account foruncertainty, they are more likely to include flexible, though more expensive,modes of transportation within their network. Although these modes may be moreexpensive for a particular shipment, including them in the transportation options allows a firm to reduce the overall cost of providing a high level of responsiveness.Difficulty: Moderate。

Chapter 1Understanding the Supply ChainTrue/False1. A supply chain includes only the organizations directly involved in supplyingcomponents needed for manufacturing.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate2. A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling acustomer request.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. A supply chain could be more accurately described as a supply network orsupply web.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the value generated for themanufacturing component of the supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. Every supply chain must include all 5 stages.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy7. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain aredivided into a series of activities performed at the interface between successivestages.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain aredivided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response toor in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chainare divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in responseto or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chainare divided into a series of activities performed at the interface betweensuccessive stages.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. The objective of the customer arrival process is to maximize the conversion ofcustomer arrivals to customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. The objective of the customer arrival process is to ensure thatorders are quicklyand accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chainprocesses.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. The objective of customer order entry is to ensure that orders are quickly andaccurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. The objective of customer order entry is to maintain a record of product receiptand complete payment.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard15. The replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard16. The replenishment cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. The replenishment cycle is initiated when a supermarket runs out of stock of aparticular item.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard18. The replenishment cycle is initiated when customers load items intended forpurchase into their carts.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard19. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to theorder entry process in the replenishment cycle.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard22. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to theorder fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard23. The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. The procurement cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy25. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, because it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member ofthe supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, because it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiatedin response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, because it categorizes processesbased on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customerorders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, because it specifies the roles andresponsibilities of each member of the supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. Pull processes may also be referred to as reactive processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy30. Pull processes may also be referred to as speculative processes.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy31. Push processes may also be referred to as speculative processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy32. Push processes may also be referred to as reactive processes.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy33. All supply chain activities within a firm belong to one of three macro processes 每CRM, ISCM and SRM.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34. There is a close connection between the design and management of supplychain flows and the success of a supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1. Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?a. Customersb. Retailersc. Wholesalers/Distributorsd. Manufacturerse. All of the above are stages within a typical supply chain.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy2. Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?a. Customersb. Retailersc. Wholesalers/Distributorsd. Merchandiserse. Component/Raw material suppliersAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy3. Supply chain profitability isa. not correlated to the value generated by the various stages of the supplychain.b. the total profit to be shared across all supply chain stages.c. the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and theoverall cost across the supply chain.d. the total revenue generated by the distributor stage of the supply chain.e. b and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Difficult4. Successful supply chain management requires which of the following decisionphases?a. supply chain strategy/designb. supply chain planningc. supply chain operationd. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate5. The decision phases in a supply chain includea. production scheduling.b. customer relationship management.c. supply chain operation.d. supply chain orientation.e. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. The cycle view of a supply chain holds thata. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories.b. the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activitiesperformed at the interface between successive stages.c. all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customerorder.d. all processes in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customerorders.e. None of the above are true.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate7. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds thata. the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activitiesperformed at the interface between successive stages.b. all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customerorder.c. all response in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customerorders. d. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories dependingon whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customerorders.e. None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate8. Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?a. Analysis cycleb. Customer order cyclec. Replenishment cycled. Manufacturing cyclee. Procurement cycleAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate9. Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?a. Customer order cycleb. Replenishment cyclec. Manufacturing cycled. Procurement cyclee. All of the above are part of the supply chain cycle view.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. The customer order cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy11. Which of the following is not a process in the customer order cycle?a. Customer arrivalb. Customer qualificationc. Customer order entryd. Customer order fulfillmente. Customer order receivingAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. Customer arrival refers toa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership. e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. The objective of the customer arrival process is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at thelowest possible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy14. Customer order entry isa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate15. The objective of customer order entry is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at thelowest possible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy16. Customer order fulfillment refers toa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The objective of customer order fulfillment is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at thelowest possible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy18. Customer order receiving isa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocates product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takes ownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. The replenishment cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy20. The processes involved in the replenishment cycle includea. retail order receiving.b. retail order entry.c. retail order trigger.d. retail order fulfillment.e. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate21. The processes included in the replenishment cycle include all of the followingexcepta. retail order receiving.b. retail order entry.c. retail order trigger.d. retail order fulfillment.e. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate22. The processes included in the replenishment cycle includea. order arrival.b. production scheduling.c. retail trigger.d. manufacturing.e. receiving.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate23. The replenishment cycle is initiated whena. the customer walks into the supermarket.b. the customer calls a mail order telemarketing center.c. customers load items intended for purchase into their carts.d. a supermarket runs out of stock of a particular item.e. a product is received into stock at a store.Answer: dDifficulty: Hard24. The manufacturing cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy25. The processes involved in the manufacturing cycle includea. receiving.b. manufacturing and shipping.c. production scheduling.d. order arrival.e. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate26. The processes involved in the manufacturing cycle includea. order trigger.b. production scheduling.c. order fulfillment.d. order entry.e. manufacturing order analysis.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate27. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to thea. order receiving process in the replenishment cycle.b. order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.c. order entry process in the replenishment cycle.d. order trigger process in the replenishment cycle.e. none of the above Answer: cDifficulty: Hard28. The manufacturing and shipping process in the manufacturing cycle is equivalentto thea. order receiving process in the replenishment cycle.b. order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.c. order entry process in the replenishment cycle.d. order trigger process in the replenishment cycle.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard29. The procurement cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy30. The relationship between the manufacturer and supplier during the procurementcycle is very similar to the relationship betweena. customer and retailer.b. retailer and distributor.c. retailer and manufacturer.d. distributor and manufacturer.e. manufacturer and customer.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate31. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, becausea. it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in responseto or in anticipation of customer orders.b. it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supplychain.c. processes are identified as either reactive or speculative.d. it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.e. it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard32. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, becausea. it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in responseto or in anticipation of customer orders.b. it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supplychain.c. it clearly defines the processes involved and the owners of each process.d. it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.e. it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard33. Which of the following statements about pull processes is accurate?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in anticipation of customer orders.c. At the time of execution, demand must be forecast.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy34. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about pull processes?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in response to a customer order.c. At the time of execution, demand is known with certainty.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. All of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy35. Which of the following statements about push processes is accurate?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in response to customer orders.c. At the time of execution, demand is known with certainty.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy36. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about push processes?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in anticipation of customer orders.c. At the time of execution, demand must be forecast.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. All of the above are accurate.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy37. Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?a. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)b. Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM)c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)d. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy38. Supply chain macro processes include which of the following? a. Internal Relationship Management (IRM)b. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)c. External Relationship Management (ERM)d. Supply Chain Relationship Management (SCRM)e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate39. Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?a. Internal Relationship Management (IRM)b. External Relationship Management (ERM)c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)d. Supply Chain Relationship Management (SCRM)e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate40. Activities involved in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) macroprocess includea. planning of internal production and storage.b. order fulfillment.c. marketing.d. supply planning.e. demand planning.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard41. Activities involved in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) macroprocess include all of the following excepta. demand planning.b. marketing.c. sales.d. order management.e. call center management.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard42. Activities involved in the Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) macroprocess includea. marketing.b. order fulfillment.c. sales.d. order management.e. call center management.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard43. Activities involved in the Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) macroprocess include all of the following excepta. planning of internal production and storage.b. order fulfillment.c. supply planning.d. demand planning.e. order management.Answer: eDifficulty: Hard44. Activities involved in the Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) macroprocess includea. planning of internal production and storage.b. order fulfillment.c. supply planning.d. supplier evaluation and selection.e. order management.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate45. Activities involved in the Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) macroprocess include all of the following excepta. negotiation of supply terms.b. design collaboration.c. supply planning.d. supplier evaluation and selection.e. supply collaboration.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard46. The phenomenal success of 7-Eleven Japan is attributed toa. being in the right place at the right time.b. its supply chain design and management ability.c. having 9000 locations.d. serving fresh food.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate47. A key issue facing Toyota isa. developing an internet marketing system.b. whether to specialize in a particular market.c. design of its global production and distribution network.d. how to implement model changes.e. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: HardEssay/Problems1. Explain the 3 decision phases (categories) that must be made in a successfulsupply chain.Answer: The 3 decision phases that occur within a supply chain are supply chainstrategy (or design), supply chain planning and supply chain operation. Decisionsrelate to the flow of information, product and funds. The difference betweencategories depends upon the frequency of each decision and the time frame overwhich it has an impact. During the supply chain strategy phase, a companydetermines what the chain＊s configurations will be, how resources will beallocated, and what processes each stage will perform. This will establish thestructure of the supply chain for several years. Supply chain planning deals withdecisions with a time frame from 3 months up to a year. The planning phasemust work within the constraints established in the strategy phase. Planningdecisions include which markets to supply from which locations, subcontractingof manufacturing, inventory policies and timing and size of marketing promotions.The supply chain operation phase operates on a weekly or daily time horizon anddeals with decisions concerning individual customer orders.Difficulty: Hard2. Describe the cycle view of the processes within a supply chain.Answer: The cycle view divides the supply chain into a series of 4 cyclesbetween the 5 different stages of a supply chain. The cycles are the customerorder cycle, replenishment cycle, manufacturing cycle and procurement cycle.The customer order cycle occurs at the customer/retailer interface and includesall processes directly involved in receiving and filling the customer. Thereplenishment cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface and includes allprocesses involved in replenishing retailer inventory. The manufacturing cycletypically occurs at the distributor/manufacturer (orretailer/manufacturer) interfaceand includes all processes involved in replenishing distributor (or retailer)inventory. The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interfaceand includes all processes necessary to ensure that the materials are availablefor manufacturing according to schedule.Difficulty: Moderate3. Explain the push/pull view of the processes within a supply chain.Answer: The push/pull view of the supply chain divides supply chain processesinto two categories based on whether they are executed in response to acustomer order or in anticipation of customer orders. Pull processes are initiatedin response to a customer order. Push processes are initiated and performed inanticipation of customer orders. The push/pull boundary separates pushprocesses from pull processes. This view is very useful when consideringstrategic decisions relating to supply chain design, because it forces a moreglobal consideration of supply chain processes as they relate to the customer.Difficulty: Moderate4. Explain the three macro processes within a supply chain.Answer: All processes within a supply chain can be classified into three macroprocesses which are Customer Relationship Management (CRM), InternalSupply Chain Management (ISCM), and Supplier Relationship Management(SRM). Customer Relationship Management (CRM) includes all processes that focus on the interface between the firm and its customers such as marketing,sales, call center management and order management. Internal Supply ChainManagement (ISCM) includes all processes that are internal to the firm such aspreparation of demand and supply plans, preparation of inventory managementpolicies, order fulfillment and planning of capacity. Supplier RelationshipManagement (SRM) includes all processes that focus on the interface between afirm and its suppliers such as evaluation and selection of suppliers, negotiation ofsupply terms and communication regarding new products and orders.Difficulty: Moderate5. Explain why supply chain flows are important.Answer: Supply chain flows are important, because there is a close connectionbetween the design and management of supply chain flows (product, information,and cash) and the success of a supply chain. The success of many companiescan be directly traced to the design and management of an appropriate supplychain. The failure of many businesses can be linked directly to their inability toeffectively design and manage supply chain flows.Difficulty: Moderate。