比较级最高级讲解及其练习进步(精)
- 格式:doc
- 大小:167.02 KB
- 文档页数:13
比较级和最高级的构成、用法及注意一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。
二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1.“A + be +形容词比较级+ than + B”意思为“A比B更……”。
如:This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。
注意:①在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间比较。
②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度“……得多”。
如:A watermelon is much bigger(大得多)than an apple.③为了避免重复,在从句中常用one, that, those等词来代替前面提过的名词。
The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.④比较等级应注意避免和包括自己的对象比。
any other + 单数名词all the other + 复数名词比较级+than+anyone else/anything elseany of the other + 复数名词( ) 1 Math is more popular than____.A. any other subjectB. all the subjectsC. any subjectD. other subject( ) 2 China is larger than ____ in Asia .A. any countryB. other countriesC. the other countryD. any other country ( ) 3 Tom is stronger than ___ in his class.A. any other boy sB. any boysC. any other boyD. other boy⑤比较级前一般不用冠词,但若表示“两者中较……时”。
形容词比较级最高级语法专项复习之形容词、副词的三级构成及主要句型:大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。
原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
一、规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est,例如,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,例如,nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,例如,heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,例如,big-bigger-biggest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,例如,slowly-more slowly-most slowly;beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful一.只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too.so ,enough ,pretty等例如,He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so fast that I can…t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
二.可以修饰比较级的词,much,a lot,far,…的多a little,a bit,…一点儿even甚至,still仍然例如,Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。
I like the older one of the two books. 我喜欢这两本书中较旧的那本。
三、形容词原级的用法1. 在表示“和…一样…”时,可用“as+原级+ as”结构:He is as busy as before. 他还是和以前一样忙。
Modern computers can be as small as a book. 现在的电脑可以像一本书那样大。
2. 在表示“不像…那样…”时可用“not as(so)+原级+ as”这种结构:1)今天不像昨天那样冷。
It isn’t so/as cold as yesterday. =It’s hotter than yesterday.2)杰克不像看上去那样老。
Jack is not as old as he looks. =Jack is younger than he looks.3.very, so, quite, too等词后面只能加原级1)It’s too/so/very hot today. Let’s go swimming, shall we?比较级和最高级练习(一)一、选择填空( ) 1. This box is___ that one.A. heavy thanB. so heavy thanC. heavier asD. as heavy as( ) 2 This book is____ that one, but____ than that one.A. as difficult as; expensiveB. as more difficult as; more expensiveC. as difficult as; more expensiveD. more difficult as; as expensive( ) 3 I think the story is not so ___ as that one.A. interestingB. interestedC. more interestingD. most interesting ( ) 4. I think science is _____ than Japanese.A. much importantB. importantC. much more importantD. more much important ( ) 5. This pencil is_____ than that one.A. longestB. longC. longerD. as long( ) 6. My mother is no _____ young.A. shorterB. longerC. littleD. few( ) 7. These children are _____ this year than they were last year.A. more tallB. more tallerC. very tallerD. much taller( ) 8. It was very hot yesterday, but it is___ today.A. even hotterB. more hotterC. much more hotD. much hot ( ) 9 The jacket was so___ that he decided to buy it. ,A. muchB. littleC. expensiveD. cheap( ) 10 Our classroom is____ larger than theirs.A. moreB. quiteC. veryD. much( ) 11 Your room is ___ than mine.A. three time bigB. three times bigC. three times biggerD. bigger three times ( ) 12 His father is____than his mother. ;A. older four yearsB. as four years olderC. four years olderD. bigger four years ( ) 13. Maths is more popular than____.A. any other subjectB. all the subjectsC. any subjectD. other subject ( ) 14. China is larger than ____ in Africa (非洲).A. any other countryB. other countriesC. the other countryD. any country ( ) 15. Tom is stronger than ___ in his class.A. any other boyB. any boysC. any boyD. other boy( ) 16 When spring comes, it gets____.A. warm and warmB. colder and colderC. warmer and warmerD. shorter and shorter ( ) 17. By and by(渐渐地), ____ students in our class like English.A.more and moreB. much and muchC. many and manyD. less and least( ) 18. At last he began to cry ___.A. hard and hardB. more hard and more hardC. harder and harderD. less hard and less harder( ) 19. When spring comes, the days get ____ and nights ____.A. short; longB. long; shortC. longer; shorterD. shorter; longer( ) 20. ___ I look at the picture, ____ I like it.A. The best; the moreB. The more; the lessC. The more; lessD. More; the more二、写出下列单词的最高级1.hot__________2.new_________3. clean________4. high________5. heavy_______6.cold_________7.bad__________8.little_________9.old_________10. busy _______11.thin ______ 12. many ______ 13.slow ________ 14.delicious _______15.polite_______16.long________ 17.wide_________ 18.fat ________ 19.few________ 20.brightly________21.badly_______ 22.far________ 23.quickly_______ 24.happy_______ 25.unhappy_______三、用适当形式填空:1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever).2. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.3. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (young) child.4. The _____ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.5. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.6. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class.7. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.8. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred but __________ (tall) than Fred.9. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) asYongxian.10. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before .11. Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?12.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?-- She' s 1.55 metres _______ (tall). What about Xiaoling?-- She' s only 1.40 metres ______ (tall). She is much _______(short) than Sally. She is also the _______ (short)girlin theclass.13. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English.14. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.15.He is one of the____________ (friendly) people in the class, I think.一、选择填空( ) 1. ___ you come back, _____ it will be.A, The quicker; the best B. The sooner; the betterC. Faster; the betterD. The sooner; better( ) 2. I like_______ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( ) 3. Which is___country, China or Japan? A. the large B. the larger C. larger D. largest ( ) 4. Of the two cups, he bought . A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D: smaller ( ) 5. Which do you like ___, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most( ) 6.This work is ____ for me than for you.A. difficultB. most difficultC. much difficultD. more difficult( ) 7. Which do you think tastes ____, the chicken or the fish?A. goodB. betterC. bestD. well( ) 8. The Great Pyramid(金字塔) is about 137 metres high today, but it was once ________A. higherB. highestC. high tooD. more high( ) 9. Who jumped____of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far( ) 10. Li Lei is___ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest( ) 11. The fifth orange is____ of all. Give it to that small child.A. bigB. biggerC. the biggerD. the biggest( ) 12. Who is_____of you three? A. the oldest B. much older C. oldest D. older( ) 13.Tom is one of ____ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall ( ) 14. Beijing is one of____ in China.A. the largest cityB. the large citiesC. the larger citiesD. the largest cities( ) 15. ___ like playing football and watching TV.A. Most boysB. Most of theyC. Most boyD. More of they( ) 16. ___ is more beautiful than roses.A. No other flowerB. No another flowerC. Not other flowerD. Not all flowers( ) 17. The tree is ______ in the garden.A. the tallerB. the tallestC. taller than of allD. tall.( ) 18. Mary studies harder _______in her class.A. as any oneB. than any other girlC. than the otherD. than anyone( ) 19. China is ________ country in the world.A. the third largestB. the largest thirdC. the third largeD. a third largest( ) 20-Which is ____ season in Beijing? -I think it's autumn.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.the best( ) 21. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.A. cheapB. cheaperC. cheapestD. the cheapest( ) 22.I study English as_______as my brother.A.hardB. harderC. hardestD.hardder( ) 23.She is the second _______student in our class.A. tall B. taller C. tallest( ) 24.He feels _____ today than yesterday.A. tiredB. more tiredC. more tirederD. much tired( ) 25. This book is ____ of the two.A. thinnerB. the thinnerC. more thinnerD. the thinnest( ) 26. She looks _____ than she does.A. the more olderB. very olderC. much olderD. more older( ) 27. The garden is becoming ______.A. more beautiful and moreB. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautifulD. more beautiful and beautifuler二、用适当形式填空:1. A dictionary is much ____________ (expensive) than a story-book.2. An orange ia a little _______ (big) than an apple, but much ______ (small) than a watermelon.3.Miss Chen is __________than Mr. Wang. (popular)4. Playing computer games is____________of all the activities.(interesting).5. The Nile(尼罗河) is ____________river in the world. (long)6. Test 1 is ____________of all the tests. (difficult)7. He is ________than any other boy in the class.(clever)8. She is_____________than all the other students. (young)9. That window is ____________of the two. (wide)10. Where is the ____________bus-stop? (near)11. He is one of ____________football players. (famous)12. Tom drives much _____________than John. (careful)13. The white flower is ____________ (beautiful). The yellow flower is ____________ (beautiful)than the white flower. The red flower is the ____________of the three.三、翻译句子:1.这本书跟那本书一样有趣。
励德教育辅导机构( 高中、初中、小学)地址:大良环市北路北区邮局斜对面利德大厦二楼中考英语专项讲解+习题+答案:形容词副词的比较级和最高级一、形容词的比较等级和最高等级:(一)形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则变化:原级 比较级 最高级useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious 【重点】3(二) 形容词比较级的用法1.形容词的比较级可以单独使用:Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。
Which book is better? 哪本书更好?2.也可以和than连用,表示两者相比,than后可以跟:a. 名词或代词:He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我大。
b. 动名词:Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
c. 从句:I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。
(三)形容词比较级的修饰语修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather, any等.1)只用于修饰比较级的:much;still;even2)既可以修饰比较级又可以修饰原级的:a little; a bit; rather 等。
3)在这些词中,其中no在修饰比较级时,在意义上否定两者,表示前者在某方面不比后者强多少.He is no richer than Peter. 他不比彼得富裕多少.=He is as poor as Peter.他和彼得一样穷.表示前者比后者强一点时,通常采用a little,a bit等.The room is a bit larger than that one.这个房间比那个稍大一点.4)表示前者比后者强很多时,通常采用much,even,still等.(still修饰形容词,副词的比较级时,可以位于比较级之前或之后.)He works still harder than ever. =He works harder still than ever.他比以往更加努力学习了.5)表示前者在某方面远远地超过对方时,通常采用far,by far,a lot,a great deal等.Matters are a lot better than ever before. 情况远远比以往好.6)在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any来修饰.He can't jump any higher. 他不能跳得更高了.Can he jump any higher? 他能跳得更高一些吗?Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗?If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.如果你能跳得更高些,我就奖励你.7)比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。
初中英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级讲练(一)一般句式的构成: A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + BA 是主格B 是宾格如:She is taller than me.主格形容词比较级宾格(二)英语形容词比较级的构成英语形容词比较等级有三个:原级,比较级和最高级。
形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种.规则变化1)单音节词末尾加—er(比较级),-est(最高级)【例】原级比较级最高级great greater greatestsmall smaller smallestclean cleaner cleanest2)单音节如以e结尾,只加-r(比较级),-st(最高级)【例】fine finer finestwidewide wider widest3)闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er(比较级),—est(最高级)【例】big bigger biggesthot hotter hottestred redder reddest4)少数以-y,—er,ow,-ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加—er(比较级),-est(最高级)。
以—y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为-i,再加—er和-est.以-e 结尾的词只加-r和-st。
【例】clever cleverer cleverestnarrow narrower narrowestable abler ablesteasy easier easiest5)其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。
【例】careful more careful most carefuldifficult more difficult most difficultdelicious more delicious most delicious不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/well better bestbad worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthest注:有些形容词一般没有比较等级。
初中英语形容词比较级和最高级讲解与练习在英语中元音特别响亮,一个元音(a e i o u共五个)可构成一个音节,一个元音可以和一个元音构成音节,一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。
英语单词音节是根据单词中所包含的元音——请注意不是元音字母——来划分的。
一般来说,一个单词中有几个元音,也就有几个音节。
如not,map,have,life,night,twelfth都是单音节词;像sleep,heart,wheat,weak,coat,join,pear这样的单词,其中的元音字母都是共同发一个元音,也是单音节(注:双元音也要看做一个元音)。
(这样的单词从语音学来讲应划归“字母组合音节”。
英语的单词可分为七种音节——开音节、闭音节、r音节、re 音节、双r音节、成音节、字母组合音节。
)像begin,about,ago,royal,ancient,modern这样的单词都属双音节。
但是要注意,在middle,little,apple,castle,simple,able,saddle这样的单词中,尽管只有一个元音,也是双音节词,原因是词尾的(注意:只能是在词尾时)“辅音字母+le”中就是没有元音,也构成音节,被称作“成音节”。
由元音字母a,e,i,o,u,y(一般都说英语只有五个元音字母,其实是六个)与辅音字母R(-ar,-er,-ir,-or,-ur,-yr)构成的音节叫作"R音节“。
如:car,bar,mark,dark,her,shirt,girl,sir,sport,short,torch,nurse,burn,purse等。
像murder,prefer,martyr,grammar,doctor,person,girdle,article,artificial等单词中的-ar,-er,-ir,-or,-ur,-yr都属"R音节“。
而由元音字母a,e,i,o,u,y与RE(-are,-ere,-ire,-ore,-ure,-yre)构成的音节叫作"RE音节“。
形容词的比较级和最高级知识讲解及练习整理一、形容词的比较级和最高级在我们日常生活中,我们经常会遇到需要比较两个或多个事物的情况。
这时候,我们就需要用到形容词的比较级和最高级。
形容词的比较级和最高级可以帮助我们更准确地表达我们的意思,使我们的语言更加丰富多彩。
本文将详细讲解形容词的比较级和最高级的知识,并通过一些练习来帮助大家更好地掌握这一知识。
我们来了解一下什么是形容词的比较级和最高级。
形容词的比较级表示两个或多个事物在某一方面上的相对大小,而形容词的最高级则表示三个或三个以上的事物在某一方面上的绝对最大值。
形容词的比较级和最高级的构成方法是在形容词原级后面加上-er(如:big → bigger)或most(如:big → biggest)。
需要注意的是,有一些形容词在构成比较级和最高级时需要进行特殊处理,如:good→better,bad→worse,far→farther/further,many/much→more/most等。
接下来,我们通过一些练习来巩固对形容词比较级和最高级的理解。
1. 请写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级形式:(1) small(小的)→______(大)→______(最大的)(2) tall(高的)→______(矮)→______(最高的)(3) old(老的)→______(新的)→______(最老的)(4) far(远的)→______(近的)→______(最远的)(5) many/much(多的/多的)→______(少的/少的)→______(最多的/最多的)2. 请用所给形容词的比较级和最高级形式造句。
(1) This shirt is smaller than that one.(这条衬衫比那条小。
)(2) My brother is taller than me.(我哥哥比我高。
)(3) That book is the oldest I have.(那本书是我有的最早的。
形容词的比较级和最高级知识讲解及练习2Task1. 形容词的主要句法功能(让学生举例说明)1.做定语,放于名词前或不定代词后。
如:I have something interestingto tell you.2.做表语,放于系动词后。
如:The book is very useful.3.做宾语补足语,放在keep, make, leave, find等动词的宾语后做宾语补足语。
如:Don’t keep the door closed.4.以a-开头的形容词alive, asleep, afraid, alone等一般只做表语(alive有时可做后置定语)5.the 加上某些形容词相当于名词,表示某一类人或事物。
如:Theblind need help.6.修饰表示长度、宽度和厚度等计量单位的词时,要后置。
如:half ameter deep7.下列以- ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:friendly, silly,lovely,lonely,lively等。
8.多个形容词作定语时顺序,“限观形龄颜国材”。
如: a small old blankwooden deskTask2.副词的主要句法功能(学生举例说明)9.做状语,修饰形容词副词,通常放在所修饰词之前;修饰动词时,一般放在被修饰词之后;位于句首,修饰整个句子。
Luckily, he wasn’t badly hurt.10.做定语,一般放在所修饰词之后。
如:the people here, the manupstairs11形容词变副词规则变化:①直接加 ly ②以“辅音+y 结尾的词,变y为 i,再加-ly”③le结尾变le为 lyEg: possible--- possibly terrible--- terrible comfortable –comfortably simple—simply gentle---gently④本身既是形容词也是副词fast ,early , high , hard , late ,far ,wide ,alone⑤初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词 true --truly⑥不用去掉字母e。
名词比较级,最高级的语法规则和练习名词比较级和最高级的语法规则和练本文旨在介绍名词比较级和最高级的语法规则,并提供练题帮助读者巩固所学知识。
名词比较级的规则名词比较级用于比较两个人或事物之间的程度或大小。
下面是名词比较级的一些规则:1. 单音节名词:在名词后面加上-er,例如:big - bigger(大 -更大)2. 以“辅音字母 + 元音字母 + 辅音字母”结尾的名词:双写最后一个辅音字母,再加上-er,例如:hot - hotter(热 - 更热)3. 多音节名词和以-y结尾的名词:在名词前添加more,例如:interesting - more interesting(有趣 - 更有趣)名词最高级的规则名词最高级用于比较三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的程度或大小。
下面是名词最高级的一些规则:1. 单音节名词:在名词后面加上-est,例如:big - biggest(大 - 最大)2. 以“辅音字母 + 元音字母 + 辅音字母”结尾的名词:双写最后一个辅音字母,再加上-est,例如:hot - hottest(热 - 最热)3. 多音节名词和以-y结尾的名词:在名词前添加most,例如:interesting - most interesting(有趣 - 最有趣)练题1. 请将下列形容词转换为对应的比较级和最高级形式:- tall(高)- happy(快乐)- small(小)2. 按照规则,填入适当的形式:- This book is _______________ (interesting) than that book.- She is the _____________ (beautiful) girl in the class.答案:1.- taller, tallest(高 - 更高,最高)- happier, happiest(快乐 - 更快乐,最快乐)- smaller, smallest(小 - 更小,最小)2.- more interesting- most beautiful以上是名词比较级和最高级的语法规则和练习题,希望对您有所帮助!。
比较级最高级系统讲解一、比较级和最高级的基础概念比较级呢,就是用来比较两个事物或者人的,比如说“taller”(更高的),就是“tall”(高)的比较级。
当我们想说一个人比另一个人高的时候,就可以用这个比较级啦。
而最高级呢,那就是在一群事物或者人当中,用来表示最怎么样的,像“tallest”(最高的),就是“tall”的最高级,用来表示在一堆人或者东西里,这个是最高的。
这就像是在一群小伙伴里找最高的那个,我们就可以说“He is the tallest among us.”(他是我们当中最高的。
)二、比较级和最高级的构成规则1. 单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词一般情况下,直接在形容词后面加“ -er”就构成比较级,加“ -est”就构成最高级。
像“big”(大的),比较级就是“bigger”,最高级就是“biggest”。
不过呢,要是这个形容词是以“e”结尾的,那只需要加“ -r”和“ -st”就好啦,比如“nice”(好的),比较级是“nicer”,最高级是“nicest”。
还有哦,如果这个形容词是一个辅音字母结尾,而且前面只有一个元音字母,那就要双写这个辅音字母再加“ -er”或者“ -est”,就像“big”那样。
2. 多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词这类形容词就不能直接加“ -er”或者“ -est”了,而是要在前面加“more”构成比较级,加“most”构成最高级。
比如说“beautiful”(美丽的),比较级就是“more beautiful”,最高级就是“most beautiful”。
这就好像复杂的东西不能简单处理,得用更高级的方法,哈哈。
三、比较级和最高级的用法1. 比较级的用法比较级常常和“than”一起用,表示“比……更”。
例如“I am talle r than my sister.”(我比我妹妹高。
)这里的“taller”和“than”就是典型的比较级用法。
而且在使用比较级的时候,我们还可以加上一些表示程度的词,像“a little”(一点儿)、“much”(很多)、“even”(甚至)。
形容词、副词比较级和最高级知识详解专练一、概说英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和高最级。
比较级主要用于两者比较,最高级主要用于多者比较。
二、比较等级的构成1. 通过加后缀-er和-est构成。
单音节和部分双音节词通过加后缀–er和-est构成比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级tall(高) taller tallestquiet(安静的) quieter quietestearly(早) earlier earliest注:(1) 若原级以字母e结尾,则只加-r和-st:fine—finer—finest。
(2) 若原级以“辅音字母+y”结尾,则应将y改为i,再加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级:dry—drier—driest。
(例外:shy(害羞的)—shyer—shyest)(3) 若原级为重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写这个辅音字母后加词尾-er和-est构成比较级和最高级:big—bigger—biggest。
2. 通过在其前加more和most构成。
多音节和部分双音节词通过在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级:原级比较级最高级difficult(困难的) more difficult most difficultdangerous(危险的) more dangerous most dangerousbravely(勇敢地) more bravely most bravely注:(1) 有的双音节词(如clever, common, gentle, handsome, happy, narrow, polite, quiet, shallow, simple, stupid,often, seldom)可以有两种方式构成比较级和最高级级:clever—cleverer / more clever —cleverest / most cleveroften—more often / oftener—most often / oftenest。
等。
(2) 某些带有否定前缀un-的三音节词(如uncommon, unhappy, unpleasant, untidy等)可以用两种比较级形式:unhappy—unhappier / more unhappy — unhappiest / most unhappy。
三、形容词与副词比较等级的不规则变化1. 常见的不规则形容词与副词的比较等级变化原级比较级最高级good(好的) better bestwell(好,健康的) better bestbad(坏的) worse worstbadly(坏地,恶劣地) worse worstill(有病的) worse worstmuch(多) more mostmany(多) more mostlittle(少) less leastfar(远) farther / further farthest / furthest注:包含good, well, bad, ill的复合词形容词(如good-looking, well-known, well-built, bad-tempered 等),通常将good, well, bad, ill 改为比较级和最高级,不过也可用more和most的形式:good-looking — better-looking / more good-looking—best-looking / most good-looking。
2. farther, further与farthest, furthest 的用法区别(1) 表示距离时,四个词都可用:I can throw much farther [further] than you. 我可以比你扔得更远。
(2) 若用于引申义,表示“更进一步”、“此外”等义,则只能用further:We’ll further discuss it. 我们会进一步讨论它。
Are there any further questions? 还有问题吗?(3) further 可用作动词,意为“增进”、“推进”等(其他几个词一般不这样用):His support furthered my career. 他的支持促进了我的事业。
3. elder, eldest & older, oldest 的用法区别(1) old 通常的比较级和最高级分别是older, oldest。
可用于人或物,可用作表语或定语,可与than 连用:I’m (two years )older than he. 我比他大(两岁)。
The cathedral is the oldest building in the city. 这座教堂是城里最古老的建筑。
(2) elder 与eldest 主要用于家人之间表明长幼关系。
通常只用于人而不用于物,只用作定语而不用作表语,也不与than 连用:This is my eldest son (daughter). 这是我的大儿子(女)。
His elder brother (sister) works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥(姐姐)在一家服装厂工作。
注:在美国英语中也可用older, oldest 表示长幼关系:older brother 哥哥(3) elder 与eldest 的区别是:前者指两者中年纪较大的, 而后者指三者或三者以上的年纪最大的。
如:one’s elder son 指两个儿子中年纪较大的一个,one’s eldest son 指三个或三个以上的儿子中年纪最大的一个(4) elder 和eldest 作为形容词,通常只能用作定语,不用作表语;但若不是用作形容词(即其后不接名词)而是用作名词,则可以用作表语(此时通常有冠词或物主代词修饰):I’m the eldest in the family. 我是全家年纪最大的。
He was the elder of the two sons. 他是两个儿子中较大的。
四、使用比较等级应注意的几点1. 使用比较等级的基本原则。
不作比较用原级,两者比较用比较级,多者比较用最高级:He is very tall. 他很高。
(尽管“很高”,但没有比较,故用原级)He is very short, but taller than me. 他很矮,但比我高。
Among the three short girls, Mary is the tallest. 在这三个矮姑娘中,玛丽是最高的。
2. 不能使用双重比较等级。
即构成比较级时不能既加词尾-er,又在其前加more;构成最高级时不能既在词尾加-est,又在其前加most,如不能说more better, most earliest 等。
不过“比较级+and+比较级”这样的形式却完全可用:I am getting fatter and fatter. 我越来越胖了。
We’re going more and more slowly. 我们越走越慢了。
3. 使用比较等级要注意合乎逻辑。
请看两组正误句:(1) 我的电脑比她的贵。
误:My computer is more expensive than her正:My computer is more expensive than hers.析:从逻辑上说,应该是my computer 与her computer 作比较,而不是my computer 与her 比较。
上面正句中的hers=her computer。
(2) 上海人口比中国其他城市的人口要多。
误:The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any city in China.正:The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any other city in China.析:从逻辑上说,Shanghai在China范围内,或者说Shanghai也是China范围内的一个城市,若不用other,则句意为“上海的人口比中国任何城市的人口都多”,4. 本身已含有比较意味的词语通常不用于比较级Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡, 你更喜欢哪样?She is junior to me. 她比我年纪小。
5. 比较级前冠词使用规律。
比较级前通常不用冠词,但有时也用,这主要见于以下情形:(1) 当比较级后接名词时,比较级前可能用冠词,此时的冠词不是修饰比较级,而是修饰其后的名词:Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? 中国和澳大利亚,哪个国家更大?(2) 当要特指两者中“较(更)…”时,比较级前通常要带定冠词,此时可视为比较级后省略了有关的名词或代词one,即定冠词实为修饰被省略的名词或代词one:This dictionary is the more useful of the two. 在两本词典中,这本更有用。
(3) 在比较级前用the表示程度(通常有表示原因、理由或条件的短语或从句):I feel the better for my walk. 散了一下步我觉得舒服多了。
I love him all the more for [because of] his faults. 正因为他这些缺点,所以我越发爱他。
(4) 用于“the+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越来越……”:The sooner, the better. 越快越好。
The more dangerous it is, the more I like it. 事情越是危险我越喜欢。
(5) 当by far用于修饰比较级且置于其前时,比较级前要用the:He’s by far the cleverer student. 他是个聪明得多的孩子。
It’s by far the quicker to go by train. 乘火车要快得多。
注:by far若用于比较级后,则通常不用the:It’s quicker by far to go by train. 乘火车要快得多。
6. 最高级前冠词使用规律(1) 在形容词最高级前通常有the:This is the best room in the hotel. 这是这个宾馆里最好的房间。
(2) 当最高级形容词用作表语(尤其是当在which后)且不带比较范围时,the有时(尤其是非正式场合)可以省略:This dictionary is (the) best. 这本词典最好。