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概要写作[考纲解读]提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60 词左右的内容概要。
[原题分析]1．原文材料350词以内，概要写作40～80 词。
2．原文以说明文、议论文为主。
3．概要，基本就是段落大意。
每段用一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括。
4．要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。
[写作注意事项]1．找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。
2．各要点的表达要相对独立。
3．各要点之间要有适当的衔接。
4．句型力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。
5．尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。
例如，尽量少用关系代词which，who 等引导的定语从句，而采用-ing 形式和-ed形式作定语。
6．多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。
[概要模板及句型]1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的①This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...②The article focuses on the topic of...2．表示研究的结论①The result showed that...②The author found that...③It was concluded that...3．表示推荐、观点或建议The author suggests/considers that...Suggestions are made for...实战演练 1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。
As most children return to school, many affluent families are choosing to pull their children out of the mainstream education system altogether in favor of having a tutor at home "Around 50 percent of the inquiries we're getting at the moment are for long-term, daily home tutoring," Steve Spriggs, managing director of London- based private tutoring service And, he adds, the trend has grown from families asking for personal tutors to replicate the classroom environment in their own homes. Many families that were making the inquiries for full -time home tutors, Spriggs said, were either travelling so frequently that sending their children to one school was impractical and others did not want their children to go into boarding school.Home tutoring is nothing new, and many tuition firms also offer extra tutoringservices to families wanting their children to have a little extra help learning ahead of entrance exams at competitive private schools in the U.K., such as Harrow, St. Pauls or Eton."We always make it clear to parents that we will only offer full -time home schooling for a year though," Spriggs explained. "Any more than a year and children start to lose out on what a school environment can give them, such as social skills and that vitalinteraction they need mitigate that anyway in our home tutoring with sports clubs of museum trips as part of the teaching program."Spriggs said that the costs of hiring a full -time tutor would exceed the fees of atop boarding school, which usually charge around ￡35,000 ($54,400) a year. Some families employ t-wtimo feu tllutors, one tocover humanities and the other to cover science and maths. Devising an educational plan for youngsters in these situations is not a quick process, however, taking up to six weeks to plan, Spriggs said, with a tutor being matched to the child to ensure they are compatible.参考范文： Home tutoring isn ' tr are in society. Some rich families choose full -time tutors because of frequent travelling or because they don ' t want their children to go into boarding sch要oo点l.（ 1） Meanwhile, to perform betterin entrance exams, some children need extra tutoring services.（要点 2） Some tuition firms add some activities to improve the social skills of the children .（要点 3） Although the costs of home tutoring are high, some families still employ two full -time tutors to ensure their children can gain balanced development.（要点 4）实战演练 2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。
2018年高考浙江卷作文例解作者：唐惠忠来源：《高中生学习·阅读与写作》2018年第07期[真题再现]阅读下面文字，根据要求作文。
（60分）浙江大地，历史上孕育过务实、知行合一、经世致用等思想，今天又形成了“干在实处、走在前列、勇立潮头”的浙江精神。
在与时俱进的浙江文化滋养下，代代浙江人书写了一个又一个浙江故事，创造了一个又一个浙江传奇。
作为浙江学子，站在人生新起点，你有怎样的体验和思考？结合上述材料，写一篇文章。
【注意】①角度自选，立意自定，题目自拟。
②明确文体，不得写成诗歌。
③不得少于800字。
④不得抄袭、套作。
[题 / 目 / 解 / 读]今年的多道高考作文题，最突出的特点是把个人和时代、国家联系起来，把个人成长奋斗和时代变迁、中国发展变化联系起来。
浙江卷也是如此，考题“浙江精神”的内容要求紧密贴近时代，考生也有话说。
而且，这道题打破了以往浙江卷偏重于“A与B”之间逻辑思辨的话题模式，打破了明确只写论述类文体的格局。
基于此，高考作文题的材料、要求显出千变万化的特点，同学们不能依靠押题猜题去写作，而应努力夯实根基，做好平时所能做的一切准备工作。
本题材料由三小段文字组成：第一小段，从过去到现在，明确了“浙江精神”的具体内涵。
在古代，“浙江精神”具体体现为以阳明心学为代表的“知行合一”（认识事物的道理与在现实中运用此道理是密不可分的），和顾炎武、黄宗羲为代表的“经世致用”（学问必须有益于国事）等；在新时代，“浙江精神”则集中体现为习近平总书记所概括的“干在实处、走在前列、勇立潮头”上。
第二小段，是对第一小段的补充。
即在浙江精神、文化的滋养下，浙江故事与传奇被一代又一代浙江人书写。
这可以说是对“浙江精神、文化”的作用（效果）的明示。
第三小段给出了多项“任务指令”：“作为浙江学子”是写作视角的界定，而“站在人生新起点”意味着应以即将升入大学的18岁考生的身份与眼光来解读“浙江文化”与“浙江精神”。
徐老师第 1 页 浙江省2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语 文本试卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟。
一、语言文字运用（共20分）1.下列各句中，没有错别字且加点字的注音全都正确的一项是（ ）（3分）A.从懵．（m ěng ）懂的幼儿到朝气蓬勃的少年，从踌躇满志的青年到成熟的中年，最后步入两鬓．（b ìng ）斑白的老年：有序变化是生命亘古不变的主题。
B.虽然语言系统有自我净化能力，随着时间的推移，会分层过滤，淘尽渣滓．（z ǐ），淬．（cu ì）炼真金，但是当下网络语言带来的一些负面影响仍不容小觑。
C.江上一个个漩涡，似乎在仰首倾听清晨雁鸣；那些雉堞．（di é）、战车，均已废驰；鸟鸣声穿过山风烟霭，落满了山峦；遍野麦浪，渐成燎．（li áo ）原之势。
D.对于那些枉顾道德与法律铤而走险的电商平台，有关部门必须给予相应的惩． （ch ěng ）罚，否则难以制止种种薅．（h āo ）顾客羊毛的恶劣行为。
阅读下面的文字，完成2~3题。
（5分）在第55届博洛尼亚国际儿童书展上，中国插画展现场的观众络绎．．不．绝．，显示出各界对中国插画现状与发展的关切。
【甲】什么是插画？插画就是出版物中的插图：一本书如果以插画为主，以文字为辅，就被称为绘本，顾名思义就是画出来的书。
一本优秀的绘本，可以让不认字的孩子“读”出其中蕴涵的深意。
【乙】在各色画笔下，蝴蝶、花朵、叶子、大树等跃．然．纸．上．，孩子可以对色彩、实物进行认知学习。
在学校里阅读的绘本，父母在家里也可以和孩子一起阅读。
如此一来，孩子在幼儿园抑或在家里，都拥有一个语言互通的环境。
【丙】“绘本在儿童早期教育中的作用已被越来越多的人认识，但绘本的发展还需加快步伐。
”书展上多家出版社的负责人都持类似观点。
当然，关．于．绘本创作者，需要观．照．的，不仅有儿童心灵成长的需求，还有成年读者的精神世界。
2.文段中的加点词，运用不正确的一项是（ ）（3分）A.络绎不绝B.跃然纸上C.关于D.观照3.文段中画线的甲、乙、丙句，标点有误的一项是（）（2分）A.甲B.乙C.丙4.下列各句中，没有语病的一项是（）（3分）A.出版社除了将本身的品牌作为吸引受众的内容进行推广，利用直播、短视频等形式传播外，图书营销还有在社交平台做线上活动这个必选项。
概要写作(Summary Writing)解析一、概要写作概述：浙江省2018年11月高考中首次出现了概要写作新题型。
相比传统的写作来说，该题型对考生是一个巨大的挑战，是难度较高的写作形式。
(1)任务要求：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
(2)考查要点：概要写作以语篇为载体，要求考生对所提供的文本进行简要的概括。
考生需要在理解文章、把握文章中心思想的基础上进行信息整合。
故该题型考查学生的综合语言运用能力，即阅读能力、分析查找能力、逻辑思维能力、理解判断能力及概括能力等。
因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
(3)评分原则：1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2．评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
4．评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)上下文的连贯性；(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6．如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
(4)二、样题及分析：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV，King of France，was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit（好处）of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far？Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，MaryRuebush，an American immunologist（免疫学家）, encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter（后者）position is gaining some ground.(One possible version)Attitudes towards dirt have been changing over time. (要点1) In the 16th century, people believed that dirt on the skin helped protect against disease. (要点2) Since the 18th century, however, people have developed the belief that cleaning away dirt can prevent disease. (要点3)Today, although attitudes to dirt still differ sharply, more and more people choose to believe that playing in the dirt can help build up a strong immune. (要点4) (60 words)参考答案分析：精确地表达了文本所有4个要点，并且对文本的内容进行了归纳、提炼和整合；（2）准确地使用了相应的语法结构和词汇，例如在表达“持有某种观点”这一意思的时候，选用了三个不同的表达方法“believe”，“develop the belief”，“choose to believe”，避免了重复；（3）上下文之间用了恰当的连接词“however”，“although”等，使行文紧凑浑然一体；（4）对文中的要点运用语义转换，完全使用自己的语言来表达；例如要点1用Attitudes towards dirt have been changing代替原文第一段的第二句话there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt；要点2用protect against disease 代替block out against；要点3中用prevent disease代替is good for health；要点4用today代替nowadays，用sharply代替hugely，用more and more people choose to believe 代替gaining some ground；（5）全文60词，非常符合词数要求。
新题型四读后续写&概要写作《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明（高考综合改革试验省份试用）（第一版）》已经公布。
作为试点开始单位，2016年10月份开始的浙江省新高考英语科目考试题型有重大变化，其中英语写作分为两部分：第一节为应用文写作；第二节为读后续写或概要写作。
应用文写作与往年的写作变化不是很大，已为广大师生所熟悉，但是第二节的读后续写或概要写作是一种新题型，之前考试中考生并未接触过。
为方便广大师生尽早熟悉这种题型，高效备考，特作以下解读。
题型解读读后续写1.题型介绍◆选材特点（1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；（2）多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但是，故事线索的逻辑性比较强。
◆评分参考阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；（2）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；（4）上下文的连贯性。
注意：（1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右（词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分）；（2）应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；（3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；（4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
2.考查能力读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力。
与应用文不同，故事续写除了要求学生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外，还注重学生的内容构思和情节衔接的能力。
主要聚焦在以下四个方面：一是把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力。
学生需要了解给定短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来。
二是语言运用的准确性和丰富性。
期望学生在词汇和语言结构的使用方面准确、恰当，能够根据内容需要使用较为高级的词汇和语言结构，阅卷老师会感觉这个学生很有水平。
三是对语篇结构的把控能力。
考查学生对上下文逻辑关系的掌握情况，希望学生续写的短文语句连贯、有序。
【独家】2018高考作文浙江卷解析（带范文）2018作文真题阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。
（60分）浙江大地，历史上孕育过务实、知行合一、经世致用等思想，今天又形成了“干在实处、走在前列、勇立潮头”的浙江精神。
在与时俱进的浙江文化滋养下，代代浙江人书写了一个又一个浙江故事，创造了一个又一个浙江传奇。
作为浙江学子，站在人生新起点，你有怎样的体验和思考?结合上述材料，写一篇文章。
要求：①角度自选，立意自定，题目自拟。
②明确文体，不得写成诗歌。
③不得少于800字。
④不得抄袭、套作。
命题说明：命题方向浙江思想:国家认同浙江精神:社会责任浙江文化:人文积淀审题限制性1.“作为浙江学子”这是地域限制，又是思考的出发点——引导学生要站在自身立场，以自省自审的方式来看待这几句话。
特别要提醒户籍在浙江外省学子，也要纳入这个范畴考虑。
2.“站在人生新起点”属于时间限制。
暗示学生高考结束走向新一征程，肯定会有全新的思索。
3.“体验和思考”则可归属为文体限制。
特别关注两个词语中间的“和”！“体验”当源于考生的生活经历，即在生活中得到的感受领悟；“思考”则是自己基于感性“体验”后的理性思索。
开放性1.“作为浙江学子”中的一员，你可以结合自己的生活经历和想法感受，写出符合自己特色的作文：发挥自己的文体特长，写自己最有“体验和思考”的内容。
素材可以自己撷取，内容可以自己剪裁，况且体裁又不受限制，可以说，每个考生都能不假思索地说出一些东西来。
2.“站在人生新起点”，其实沿袭了2014年的“门与路”，当学生走完一段路之后，站在了一扇新的门前，此时此刻，内心的激动澎湃、万千感慨自是不在话下。
不过，弱水三千，考生只能取一瓢饮——针对某一核心问题开展文章。
3.“体验和思考”看似记叙和议论，其实，考生如果注意到两词之间的“和”，那么，他就会综合到两者的有机结合——叙议的有机结合而又以某一表达方式为主。
4.这个材料具有很强的现实意义，你既可以联系当今，叙写如何落实浙江思想，发扬浙江精神，也可以上联过往，讲述怎样传承浙江文化，甚至将它发扬光大。
概要写作[考纲解读]提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
[原题分析]1．原文材料350词以内，概要写作40～80词。
2．原文以说明文、议论文为主。
3．概要，基本就是段落大意。
每段用一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括。
4．要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。
[写作注意事项]1．找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。
2．各要点的表达要相对独立。
3．各要点之间要有适当的衔接。
4．句型力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。
5．尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。
例如，尽量少用关系代词which，who等引导的定语从句，而采用-ing形式和-ed形式作定语。
6．多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。
[概要模板及句型]1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的①This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...②The article focuses on the topic of...2．表示研究的结论①The result showed that...②The author found that...③It was concluded that...3．表示推荐、观点或建议The author suggests/considers that...Suggestions are made for...实战演练1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
As most children return to school, many affluent families are choosing to pull their children out of the mainstream education system altogether in favor of having a tutor at home "Around 50 percent of the inquiries we're getting at the moment are for long-term, daily home tutoring," Steve Spriggs, managing director of London-based private tutoring service And, he adds, the trend has grown from families asking for personal tutors to replicate the classroom environment in their own homes. Many families that were making the inquiries for full-time home tutors, Spriggs said, were either travelling so frequently that sending their children to one school was impractical and others did not want their children to go into boarding school.Home tutoring is nothing new, and many tuition firms also offer extra tutoring services to families wanting their children to have a little extra help learning ahead of entrance exams at competitive private schools in the U.K., such as Harrow, St. Pauls or Eton."We always make it clear to parents that we will only offer full-time home schooling for a year though," Spriggs explained. "Any more than a year and children start to lose out on what a school environment can give them, such as social skills and that vital interaction they need – although we try to mitigate that anyway in our home tutoring with sports clubs of museum trips as part of the teaching program."Spriggs said that the costs of hiring a full-time tutor would exceed the fees of a top boarding school, which usually charge around £35,000 ($54,400) a year. Some families employ two full-time tutors, one to cover humanities and the other to cover science and maths. Devising an educational plan for youngsters in these situations is not a quick process, however, taking up to six weeks to plan, Spriggs said, with a tutor being matched to the child to ensure they are compatible.参考范文：Home tutoring isn’t rare in society. Some rich families choose full-time tutors because of frequent travelling or because they don’t want their children to go into boarding school.(要点1) Meanwhile, to perform better in entrance exams, some children need extra tutoring services.(要点2) Some tuition firms add some activities to improve the social skills of the children .(要点3) Although the costs of home tutoring are high, some families still employ two full-time tutors to ensure their children can gain balanced development.(要点4)实战演练2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a niceneighbor ever since the 18 century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.【参考范文】People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.(要点1)For a long time in history，people of some European countries，such as France，believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.(要点2)However，people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.(要点3)However，some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.(要点4)附：概要写作评分原则及给分范围一、评分原则1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
