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2018年南京航空航天大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ × 15 =15’) 1. accident rate【答案】事故率2. community of shared interests【答案】利益共同体3. online car-hailing【答案】网约车4. Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank【答案】亚洲基础设施投资银行5. takeoff runway【答案】起飞跑道6. Global Navigation Satellite System【答案】全球卫星导航系统7. Remote Sensing Satellite 【答案】遥感卫星8. spacesuit【答案】航天服9. lunar module【答案】登月舱10. multi-entry visa【答案】多次往返签证11. simulated flight test 【答案】模拟飞行试验12. space debris【答案】太空垃圾13. unmanned spacecraft 【答案】无人航天器14. two-dimensional barcode【答案】二维码15. cosmic velocity【答案】宇宙速度Part Ⅱ. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ × 15 =15’)1. 航站楼【答案】terminal2. 新常态【答案】New Normal3. 自贸区【答案】Free Trade Zone4. 供给侧改革【答案】supply-side reform5. 人工智能【答案】artificial intelligence6. 低碳城市【答案】low-carbon city7. 量子卫星【答案】quantum satellite8. 精准扶贫【答案】to take targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty9. 实名认证【答案】real name authentication10.“丝绸之路经济带”【答案】Silk Road Economic Belt11. 免税店【答案】duty-free shop12. 无现金支付【答案】cashless payment13. 带薪休假【答案】paid leave14. 航天飞机【答案】space shuttle15. 雷达识别【答案】radar identificationPart Ⅲ. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ × 2 = 60’)Passage 1Sometimes you’d rather not know the bad news. An estimated 500,000 pieces of space junk—old satellites, rocket parts, debris from collisions—swarm in orbit around Earth. Much of it is potentially deadly: NASA officials say anything larger than 1 centimeter in diameter poses a threat to the International Space Station (ISS). But current tracking systems can generally only watch objects 10 cm or larger, and the U.S. government now follows less than 5% of space hazards—just 23,000 objects. That should change with the addition of a powerful new Air Force radar system, scheduled to break ground this month on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. When it comes online in 2019, Space Fence is expected to find and track asmany as 150,000 additional humanmade objects, some as small as a golf ball, says Dana Whalley, Space Fence program manager, who is stationed at Hanscom Air Force Base in Massachusetts. In addition to enabling the Air Force to better protect Defense Department satellites from collisions, the new system will improve the military’s a bility to observe and track foreign satellite activity, especially in the busy Asia-Pacific region.【参考译文】有时你宁愿不知道这个坏消息。
墨子号量子卫星墨子号量子卫星的发射标志着中国在量子通信领域取得了重要的突破。
墨子号是我国第一颗量子科学实验卫星，它具备了远距离量子通信、量子密钥分发以及量子再分发等功能。
墨子号的发射不仅标志着中国量子通信进入了新阶段，也为全球量子通信技术的研究提供了宝贵的机遇。
量子通信是一种基于量子力学原理的新型通信方式，它具备着高度保密性、不可伪造性以及高传输效率等特点。
与传统的光通信和电信号传输不同，量子通信利用了量子纠缠和量子隐形传态的特性，使得通信数据在传输过程中无法被窃取或篡改。
这种高度安全的通信方式在军事、金融、能源等领域具有重要的应用价值。
墨子号的发射标志着我国在量子通信领域的技术实力得到了国际认可。
墨子号采用了非常规的量子通信方法，在远距离之间实现了高效的量子通信。
传统的光纤通信在长距离传输时会面临信号衰减和光噪声的问题，而墨子号量子卫星可以通过量子纠缠的方式进行通信，克服了信号衰减和噪声问题，实现了安全、高效的通信。
墨子号不仅仅是一个量子通信的实验装置，它还是一个重要的科学实验平台。
通过墨子号，科学家能够开展各种量子实验，探索量子纠缠、量子隐形传态等量子现象的基本原理。
墨子号的发射为量子科学研究提供了独特的实验条件，有助于推动量子技术的发展和应用。
墨子号的发射也标志着中国在航天技术领域取得了新的突破。
作为一颗科学实验卫星，墨子号的研制和发射充分体现了我国在航天领域的实力。
墨子号搭载的各种设备和仪器都经过了精心设计和制造，确保了卫星的稳定运行和科学实验的顺利进行。
墨子号的发射对于推动我国的科技创新和经济发展具有重要意义。
量子通信技术是未来通信领域的重要发展方向，拥有量子通信技术的国家将在信息安全和通信技术方面具备重要优势。
墨子号的研制和发射不仅提升了我国在国际航天领域的地位，也为我国在量子通信技术方面提供了宝贵的经验和机会。
可以预见，墨子号的发射将进一步推动我国在量子通信领域的研究和应用。
随着科学家们进一步探索量子通信的潜力和应用场景，量子通信技术将会逐渐成熟并应用于更广泛的领域。
100个时政热词翻译1. 中国梦the Chinese Dream2. 不忘初心stay true to the mission3.两个一百年two centenary goals4.新常态new normal5. 中国制造2025Made in China20256. “双一.流”"Double First Class"initiative7.工匠精神craftsmanship spirit8.中国天眼:500米口径球面射电望远镜China's Eye of Heaven:The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope(FAST)9.歼20隐形战机J-20stealth fighter10.国产航母domestically built aircraft carrier11.国产客机homemade passenger jet12.可燃冰试采sampling of combustible ice12.量子卫星“墨子号”quantum satellite“Micius”14.北斗卫星导航系统Beidou navigation system15.风云四号A星卫星Fengyun-4A satellite16.重型运载火箭heavy-lift carrier rocket17.沪港通Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect18.深港通Shenzhen Hong Kong Stock Connect19.京津冀一体化Beiing Tianjin Hebei integration20.雄安新区Xiong’an New Area21.自贸试验区pilot free trade zones22.医疗改革medical reform23.供给侧改革supply side reform23.扫脸支付face scan payment25.二维码支付two -dimensional barcode payment26.人工智能(A.I.) artificial intelligence27.虚拟现实(VR.)virtual reality28.5G时代5G era29.分享经济sharing economy30.互联网金融online finance31.亚投行Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank32.低碳城市low carbon cities33.一小时通勤圈one hour commuting circle34.蓝色经济blue economy35.纵向横向经济轴带north-south and east-west intersecting economic belts36.众创、众包、众扶、众筹crowd innovation,crowdsourcing,crowd support and crowdfunding37.战略性新兴产业emerging sectors of:strategic importance38.香港回归祖国20周年the20th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to China.39.点赞give a like40.自媒体We-Media41.实名认证real-name authentication41.精准扶贫targeted poverty reduction42.精准医疗precision medicine44.利益共同体community of shared interests45.轨道交通rail traffic46.动车bullet train47.城际列车inter city train48.“带一路”倡议Belt and Road Initiative49.“丝绸之路经济带”the Silk Road Eco-nomic Belt。
量子卫星与传统卫星的不同随着科技的不断进步，卫星通信已成为现代社会中不可或缺的一部分。
在卫星通信领域，传统卫星长期以来扮演着重要的角色。
然而，近年来，一种新型的卫星技术开始引起人们的关注，那就是量子卫星。
量子卫星与传统卫星相比，具有许多显著的不同之处，这篇文章将从不同的角度来介绍这些差异。
首先，量子卫星与传统卫星在通信方式上存在明显的差异。
传统卫星通信主要依赖微波信号的传输，而量子卫星则利用量子的特性进行通信。
量子通信采用了量子态的概念，通过量子纠缠和量子隐形传态等方式来实现数据的安全传输。
相比之下，传统卫星通信容易受到窃听和干扰的威胁，而量子通信则能够在一定程度上保护通信的安全性。
其次，量子卫星和传统卫星的通信距离不同。
传统卫星通信主要用于地球与地球上的各个角落之间的通信，通常距离上万公里。
而量子卫星通信则可以实现卫星与地面站之间的量子通信，距离相对较近。
这种近距离的量子通信具有一定的优势，能够实现更快速、更安全的数据传输。
此外，量子卫星和传统卫星在数据传输速率上也存在区别。
传统卫星通信的数据传输速率受限于微波信号的传输速度和带宽限制。
而量子卫星通信的数据传输速率则由光子的传输速度决定，相比之下更快。
这意味着，量子卫星能够更高效地传输大量的数据，满足人们对高速通信的需求。
此外，量子卫星和传统卫星在通信的稳定性上也有差别。
传统卫星通信容易受到天气和地理环境的影响，如暴雨、大风等自然因素，从而导致信号传输中断或衰减。
而量子卫星通信则相对稳定，不受自然因素的干扰。
这使得量子卫星在一些极端天气条件下，仍能够保持良好的通信连接。
最后，量子卫星和传统卫星在通信安全性上有着显著的不同。
由于传统卫星通信主要依赖于电磁信号的传输，很容易受到黑客攻击和窃听。
而量子卫星通信采用了量子纠缠和量子密钥分发等加密技术，能够实现无条件安全的通信。
这意味着，量子卫星通信具备更高的安全性和保密性，适用于军事通信和政府机密通信等需求较高的场景。
量子卫星之墨子我国发射的全球首颗量子科学实验卫星被命名为“墨子号”，以“墨子号”命名以纪念墨子命名缘由于墨子在《墨经》中提出的“光学八条”，墨家逻辑是全球三大古老逻辑体系之一，而逻辑体系是科学的基础，墨子在两千多年前就发现了光线沿直线传播，并设计了小孔成像实验，奠定了光通信、量子通信的基础。
由于量子信号的携带者光子在外层空间传播时几乎没有损耗,如果能够在技术上实现纠缠光子再穿透整个大气层后仍然存活并保持其纠缠特性,人们就可以在卫星的帮助下实现全球化的量子通信。
据中国科学技术大学教授、中国科学院院士、中科院量子信息与量子科技前沿卓越创新主任潘建伟透露，中科院“量子科学实验卫星”预计2016年7月发射，这既是中国首个、也是世界首个量子卫星。
该卫星的发射将使中国在国际上率先实现高速星地量子通信，连接地面光纤量子通信网络，初步构建量子通信网络。
他还透露，“京沪干线”大尺度光纤量子通信骨干网工程预计于今年下半年交付。
据悉，这一工程将构建千公里级高可信、可扩展、军民融合的广域光纤量子通信网络，建成大尺度量子通信技术验证、应用研究和应用示范平台。
[6]2016年8月英媒称，中国科学家将发射世界首颗“量子卫星”，这有朝一日或许有助于建立一个极其安全的全球通信网络。
英国《每日邮报》网站8月3日报道，这个重达1300磅（约合590千克）的航天器中，含有一块能够产生纠缠光子对的晶体，这些光子对将被发射到中国和奥地利的地面卫星接收站中，从而形成一个“密钥”。
据《自然》杂志报道，该卫星计划于本月晚些时候在酒泉卫星发射中心进行发射。
如果这一为期两年的研究任务的初期实验能够获得成功，那么可能很快就会再发射多颗卫星。
研究人员正在努力证明粒子即使相距极远——该研究的实验距离约为750英里（约合1200公里）——也能保持纠缠。
此前为证明量子通信所做的研究显示，这一距离最长为180英里出头。
现在科学家们希望，太空中的光子传播能够将这一距离变得更长。
量子卫星的特点与未来发展趋势量子卫星是一种基于量子技术的卫星系统，它们具有独特的特点，并且在未来的发展中显示出巨大的潜力。
本文将探讨量子卫星的特点以及未来的发展趋势。
一、量子卫星的特点1. 量子通信：量子卫星采用的量子技术可以实现更加安全和高效的通信方式。
传统的卫星通信受到了窃听威胁，而量子通信可以通过量子纠缠的方式进行信息传输，保证通信安全性。
2. 量子密钥分发：量子卫星利用量子纠缠特性，可以实现量子密钥分发。
这将极大地提高通信的安全性，因为通过纠缠的量子比特可以检测到任何外部窃听的干扰。
3. 量子测量：量子卫星可以利用量子测量技术实现精确的测量和探测，这在地球观测和环境监测方面具有重要意义。
例如，通过量子卫星可以实时监测全球的气候变化、海洋温度等数据。
4. 量子计算：量子卫星可以利用量子计算技术，进行更为复杂和高效的计算。
量子计算的特点是可以在同一时间进行多个计算任务，可以加速处理和解决一些传统计算机无法完成的问题。
5. 网络规模扩展：量子卫星可以与地面站点进行连接，形成一个全球范围的量子通信网络，极大地扩展了整个网络的规模和范围。
二、量子卫星的未来发展趋势1. 技术突破：随着量子技术的不断发展和突破，量子卫星的性能和功能将得到进一步提升。
例如，量子纠缠距离的延伸、量子计算能力的增强等，将推动量子卫星朝着更高效、更安全的方向发展。
2. 商业化应用：随着量子技术逐渐成熟，量子卫星的商业化应用也将越来越广泛。
量子卫星可以为金融交易、军事通信、环境监测等领域提供更加安全和高效的解决方案。
3. 国际合作：量子卫星技术的研究和应用需要国际合作与交流。
各国可以共同研究量子卫星技术，分享资源和经验，推动全球量子卫星的发展。
4. 教育与人才培养：量子卫星技术的发展需要具备相关知识和技能的人才。
各国应加大对量子科学和技术的教育力度，培养更多的专业人才，推动量子卫星技术的发展。
5. 全球覆盖：未来，量子卫星有望实现全球范围的覆盖能力，为各个地区提供安全、高效的通信和计算服务。
量子科学实验卫星是什么号? 量子科学实验卫星
叫什么名字
1、首颗量子科学实验卫星叫墨子号。
世界首颗量子科学实验卫星是中国的，2016年8月16日凌晨1时40分，中国在酒泉卫星发射中心用长征二号丁运载火箭成功将世界首颗量子科学实验卫星墨子号发射升空。
这让中国在世界上首次实现卫星和地面之间的量子通信，构建天地一体化的量子保密通信与科学实验体系。
2、首颗量子通信卫星以我国古代科学家墨子的名字来命名。
墨子最早提出过光线沿直线传播的观点，进行了小孔成像实验。
用他的名字命名以纪念他在早期物理光学方面的成就。
3、墨子最早通过小孔成像实验发现了光是直线传播的，第一次对光直线传播进行了科学解释——这在光学中是非常重要的一条原理，为量子通信的发展打下了一定的基础。
墨子还提出了某种意义上的粒子论。
光量子学实验卫星以中国科学家先贤墨子来命名，体现了中国的文化自信。
100个必会热词翻译1、中国梦the Chinese Dream2、不忘初心stay true to the mission3、两个一百年two centenary goals4、新常态new normal5、中国制造2025 Made in China 20156、“双一流”“Double First-Class” initiative7、工匠精神craftsmanship spirit8、中国天眼：500米口径球面射电望远镜China’s Eye of Heaven: The Five-hundred-meterAperture Spherical Telescope (FAST)9、歼20隐形战机J-20 stealth fighter10、国产航母domestically built aircraft carrier11、国产客机homemade passenger jet12、可燃冰试采sampling of combustible ice13、量子卫星“墨子号”quantum satellite “ Micius “14、北斗卫星导航系统Beidou navigation system15、风云四号A星卫星Fengyun-4A satellite16、重型运载火箭heavy-lift carrier rocket17、沪港通Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect18、深港通Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect19、京津冀一体化Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration20、雄安新区Xiongan New Area21、自贸试验区pilot free trade zones22、医疗改革medical reform23、供给侧改革supply side reform24、扫脸支付face scan payment25、二维码支付two-dimensional barcode payment26、人工智能artificial intelligence27、虚拟现实virtual reality28、5G时代5G era29、分享经济sharing economy30、互联网金融online economy31、亚投行Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank32、低碳城市low-carbon cities33、一小时通勤圈one-hour commuting circle34、蓝色经济blue economy35、纵向横向经济轴带north-south east-west intersecting36、众创、众包、众扶、众筹crowd innovation, crowdsourcing, crowd support andcrowdfunding37、战略性新兴产业emerging sectors of strategic importance38、香港回归祖国20周年the 20th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to China39、点赞give a like40、自媒体We-Media41、实名认证real-name authentication42、精准扶贫targeted poverty reduction43、精准医疗precision medicine44、利益共同体community of shared interests45、轨道交通rail traffic46、动车bullet train47、城际列车inter-city train48、“一带一路”倡议Belt and Economic Initiative49、“丝绸之路经济带”the Silk Road Economic Belt50、21世纪海上丝绸之路21st-Century Maritime Silk Road51、古丝绸之路the ancient Silk Road52、互联互通establish and strengthen partnerships/ connectivity53、文化自信cultural confidence54、新型大国关系new type of major-power relationship55、可替代能源汽车alternative energy vehicle56、可载人无人机passenger-carrying drone57、空中上网服务in-flight WIFI services58、海外代购overseas shopping representative59、海淘cross-border online shopping60、多次往返签证multiple-entry visa61、散客individual traveler62、自由行independent travel63、跟团游package tour64、深度游in-depth travel65、自驾游self-driving tours66、免税店duty-free store67、无现金支付cashless payment68、旺季peak season69、淡季off season70、反腐剧anti-corruption TV series71、合拍片co-production72、打车软件taxi-hailing app73、代驾服务业designated driver business74、单双号限行traffic restrictions based on even-and-odd-numbered license plates75、共享汽车car-sharing76、绿色金融改革创新试验区pilot zones for green finance reform and innovation77、超国民待遇super-national treatment78、现代医院管理制度modern hospital management system79、机遇之城cities of opportunity80、直播经济live stream economy81、互联网+政务服务Internet Plus government services82、创新型政府pro-innovation government83、无人机紧急救援队UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) emergency rescue team84、二孩经济second-child economy85、父亲假/陪产假paternity leave86、带薪休假paid leave87、低头族phubber88、副中心subcenter89、用了洪荒之力give one’s full play90、营改增replace business tax with value-add tax /VAT91、创新型人才innovative talent92、积分落户制度points-based hukou system93、混合所有制改革mixed-ownership reform94、税收减免tax reduced and exemption95、生态保护红线ecological wealth96、网约车online car-hailing97、宜居城市habitable city98、移动支付mobile payment99、电子竞技e-sports100、双创人才innovative and entrepreneurial talent。
“墨子号”：夜空中最会保密的“星”作者：暂无来源：《发明与创新·大科技》 2016年第10期8月16日凌晨，伴随着世界首颗量子科学实验卫星在酒泉圆满发射成功，中国人的“飞天”梦想再次绽放，从此，浩瀚星空里也多了一份属于中国和世界的“量子”牵挂。
8月16日1时40分，备受瞩目的以“墨子号”命名的全球首颗量子科学实验卫星在酒泉成功发射升空。
“墨子号”量子卫星成为浩瀚夜空中最亮的“星”，开启为期两年的太空科学旅程。
星地高速量子密钥分发、广域量子通信网络、星地量子纠缠分发以及地星量子隐形传态等多项科学实验任务是“墨子号”量子卫星的主要任务。
业内人士指出，此次发射任务的圆满成功，将使我国在世界上首次实现卫星和地面之间的量子通信，构建天地一体化的量子保密通信与科学实验体系。
有媒体称，在这场“特殊的太空竞赛”中，中国“迈出了一大步”。
科学之路任重道远，量子世界迷雾重重，“第一颗量子卫星”的头衔来之不易。
从最初的研制到发射，量子卫星承载了太多关注的目光与期许。
那么，这颗举世瞩目的“新星”到底有多牛？技术实现难度又有多高？量子科学对绝大多数人来说十分高冷。
但当它与信息技术相连，就与我们每个人息息相关。
当今社会，信息的海量传播背后也充斥着信息泄露的风险。
而量子科学则为信息安全提供了“终极武器”。
在物理王国里，量子理论是一个“百岁的幽灵”，爱因斯坦也曾被它的“诡异”所困扰。
在量子世界中，一个物体可以同时处在多个位置，一只猫可以处在“死”和“活”的叠加状态上；所有物体都具有“波粒二象性”，既是粒子也是波；两个处于“纠缠态”的粒子，即使相距遥远也具有“心电感应”，一个发生变化，另一个会瞬时发生相应改变……正是由于量子具有这些不同于宏观物理世界的奇妙特性，才构成了量子通信安全的基石。
在量子保密通信中，由于量子的不可分割、不可克隆和测不准的特性，所以一旦存在窃听就必然会被发送者察觉并规避。
“传统的信息安全都依赖于复杂的算法，只要计算能力足够强大，再复杂的保密算法都能被破解。
墨子量子号卫星作文素材The launch of the Mozi quantum communication satellite marks a significant milestone in the field of quantum communication. 墨子量子通信卫星的发射标志着量子通信领域的一个重要里程碑。
This satellite, named after the renowned Chinese philosopher Mozi, is the world's first quantum communication satellite. 这颗卫星以中国著名的哲学家墨子命名，是世界上第一颗量子通信卫星。
One of the key features of the Mozi satellite is its ability to establish secure communication channels using quantum encryption. 墨子卫星的关键功能之一是利用量子加密建立安全的通信通道。
By leveraging the principles of quantum physics, the satellite can enable communication that is theoretically impossible to intercept or decode. 通过利用量子物理学的原理，卫星可以实现理论上不可能被拦截或解码的通信。
This has significant implications for the future of secure communication, especially in the realms of government, defense, and finance. 这对未来安全通信的重要意义，尤其是在政府、国防和金融领域。
量子信息科学专业英语词汇摘要：量子信息科学是一门研究量子物理原理在信息处理和通信领域的应用的学科，它涉及量子计算、量子通信、量子密码、量子算法、量子信息理论等方面。
本文从这些方面介绍了量子信息科学专业需要用到的一些基本的英语词汇，并给出了中英文对照表和例句，以帮助读者掌握和运用这些词汇。
一、量子计算1.1 量子计算的基本概念中文英文量子计算quantum computing量子计算机quantum computer量子比特qubit量子逻辑门quantum logic gate量子电路quantum circuit量子算法quantum algorithm量子优越性quantum supremacy量子计算（quantum computing）是一种利用量子力学原理进行信息处理的计算方式，它可以在多个可能的状态之间同时进行运算，从而提高计算效率和能力。
量子计算机（quantum computer）是一种实现量子计算的物理设备，它由一组可操作的量子比特（qubit）组成，每个量子比特可以同时处于0和1的叠加态，而不是经典计算机中的二进制位。
量子逻辑门（quantum logic gate）是一种对量子比特进行操作的基本单元，它可以实现一些基本的逻辑功能，如非、与、或、异或等，也可以实现一些特有的量子操作，如哈达玛门、泡利门、CNOT门等。
量子电路（quantum circuit）是一种由多个量子逻辑门按照一定顺序连接而成的结构，它可以对输入的量子比特进行复杂的操作，并输出结果。
量子算法（quantum algorithm）是一种利用量子电路实现某种特定目标或问题的解决方案，它可以在某些情况下比经典算法更高效或更精确，如著名的Shor算法和Grover算法。
量子优越性（quantum supremacy）是指当一个量子计算机能够在某个特定任务上超过任何经典计算机的性能时所达到的一个里程碑，它表明了量子计算机在某些方面具有优势和潜力。
量子卫星原理量子卫星是一种利用量子力学原理进行通信和传输的卫星技术。
量子卫星通信作为一种新型的安全通信方式，具有不可伪造性、绝对安全性和高效性等特点，被誉为未来通信领域的重要突破。
量子卫星原理是指利用量子力学中的量子纠缠和量子隐形传态等原理，实现远距离的安全通信和信息传输。
首先，量子卫星原理的核心是量子纠缠。
量子纠缠是指两个或多个量子系统之间由于相互作用而形成的一种特殊的量子态。
在量子纠缠状态下，一个量子系统的测量结果会立即影响到另一个量子系统的状态，即使它们之间的距离很远。
这种特殊的关联关系使得量子纠缠成为量子通信和量子传输的重要基础。
其次，量子卫星原理还涉及到量子隐形传态。
量子隐形传态是指利用量子纠缠的特性，实现信息的安全传输。
在量子隐形传态中，发送方通过对自己的一个量子比特进行测量，并将测量结果传输给接收方，接收方根据测量结果对自己的量子比特进行操作，从而实现信息的传输。
这种传输过程中，信息并没有通过经典的信道传输，而是通过量子纠缠的方式实现的，因此具有绝对的安全性。
在实际的量子卫星通信中，量子卫星会携带一些量子比特，利用量子纠缠和量子隐形传态的原理，实现地面站点之间的安全通信和信息传输。
通过量子卫星通信，可以实现绝对安全的密钥分发、安全的通信和安全的数据传输，对于国家安全、金融交易、医疗保健等领域具有重要的应用前景。
总的来说，量子卫星原理是基于量子力学的一种安全通信和信息传输原理，利用量子纠缠和量子隐形传态等特性，实现远距离的安全通信和信息传输。
随着量子技术的不断发展和成熟，量子卫星通信将成为未来通信领域的重要发展方向，为人类社会的发展和进步提供重要的支撑和保障。
中国发射世界上首颗量子科学实验卫星
佚名
【期刊名称】《大学英语》
【年(卷),期】2016(000)010
【摘要】China has launched the world’s first satellite dedicated to testing the fundamentals of quantum communication(量子通信)in space.The Quantum Experiments at Space Scale(空间尺度量子实验,简称QUESS)mission was launched on August 16 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northern China.For the next two years,the craft—named"Micius"(墨子
号)after the ancient Chinese philosopher-will demonstrate the feasibility 【总页数】1页(PF0004-F0004)
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H31
【相关文献】
1.我国成功发射世界首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号” [J], ;
2.“长二丁”一箭三星成功发射世界首颗量子科学实验卫星 [J], 王娟
3.中国成功发射世界首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号” [J], 吴涛;
4.我国成功发射世界首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号” [J],
5.我国成功发射世界首颗量子科学实验卫星 [J],
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重庆市2021 年初中学业水平暨高中招生考试英语试题（B卷）（全卷共九个大题满分;150分考试时间∶120分钟）注意事项：1. 试题的答案书写在答题卡上, 不得在试题卷上直接作答。
2. 作答前认真阅读答题卡上的注意事项。
3. 考试结束, 由监考人员将试题卷和答题卡一并收回。
第I卷（共95 分）I. 听力测试。
（共30 分）第—节（每小题1. 5 分, 共9 分）听一遍。
根据你所听到的句子, 从A、B、C三个选项中选出最恰当的答语, 并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
1. A. Fine, thanks. B. Good morning. C. How do you do?2. A. It's cool. B. It's Monday. C. It's 9:00.3. A. Thank you. B. You re welcome. C. That's OK.4. A. I hope so. B. Well done. C. Sorry to hear that.5. A. Good idea. B. Good luck. C. Never mind.6. A. Nothing serious. B. It doesn't matter. C. Well, I won't.第二节（每小题1. 5 分, 共9 分）听一遍。
根据你所听到的对话和问题, 从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案, 并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
7. A. On foot. B. By bike. C. By bus.8. A. In a supermarket. B. In a library. C. In a museum.9. A. Three days ago. B. Last night. C. Last weekend.10. A. To visit China. B. To learn something easy. C. To try something new11. A Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny.12. A. 5 yuan. B. 6 yuan. C. 10 yuan.第三节（每小题1. 5 分, 共6分）听两遍。
2023年中考英语时事热点阅读专练热点40 人类火星探测的新进展一、阅读理解1For a long time, humans have used technology (科技) to study the world around us, and Mars is the latest place we’re using machines to explore. Besides the earth, the “red planet” is seen, as the one pl ace in our solar system most likely to have life.Early last month, the first American robot, Spirit, landed on Mars without any problem. Opportunity, the second robot, landed on the planet more than a week ago. Scientists are very excited about these mac hines’ sa fe landing on Mars. It means that now we have an excellent chance to look for water and other signs of life. So far, the robots have found some stones that could show Mars was once a wet and warm planet.But the trips made by Spirit and Opportunity were d angerous. Mars is often called the “death planet”, because in the past its environment has been unfriendly to the robot explorers. Before Spirit and Opportunity, nearly forty spaceships had been sent to Mars since the 1960s. Two-thirds of them failed. The first spaceship, Korabl, sent in 1962 by Russia was among them. It broke apart (分裂) near the earth.1. For a long time humans think ________.A. they can surely find life on MarsB. there may be life on MarsC. it’s too late for them to explor e Mars nowD. Mars is the only planet that has life on it2. The two robots ________.A. have found out that it is warm and wet on MarsB. were sent to Mars to find some stonesC. were the first two American robots that landed on MarsD. are the only machines that have landed on Mars so far3. The third paragraph mainly tell us ________.A. it’s a very hard and dangerous trip for spaceships to MarsB. two-thirds of the spaceships sent to Mars have failedC. Spirit and Opportunity landed on Mars successfullyD. Mars is called the “death planet”2After traveling more than seven months in space, Tianwen 1 is one step closer to Mars! Tianwen 1, China’s first Mars probe, successfully entered Mars orbit (轨道) in February, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA). It will stay in orbit for about three months before landing on the red planet.A small step on the red planet will be a big step for human beings. Humans have launched 46 Mars exploration missions since October 1960, but only 19 of them have been successful, according to China Daily. It’s China’s first spacecraft to Mars, and the missions are rather ambitious. Tianwen 1 aims to achieve “orbiting, landing, and roving (环绕，着陆，巡视)” all in one journey, which will make the cou ntry the world’s first to achieve all three goals with one probe, mission scientists said.Among the three tasks, touchdown on the red planet is the most difficult. The result mainly depends on the “breathtaking (惊险的) seven minutes” to make sure Tianwen 1 land safely, according to the Global Times.February was Mars month. NASA’s Perseverance Rover (毅力号火星车) landed on Mars on Feb 19, and China’s Tianwen 1 and United Arab Emirates’ Hope Probe have arrived within orbit of the red planet. Although the three countries started their Mars journeys at almost the same time, their missions vary. Hope Probe successfully entered the orbit of Mars on Feb 9. Perseverance will collect samples (样品) of rock and soil for further research. Tianwen 1’s ultimate goal is to l and a rover on Mars in May or June, and it will carry out scientific research on Mars’ soil, environment, water and so on.“When we step into the far planets of the solar system, the magnitude (量) of the resources and timeline required will take global ac tion,” a US official said, highlighting (强调) the importance of international cooperation (合作) in space.4. Tianwen 1 aims to achieve ________ to set a record in Mars exploration.A. landing a rover on the red planetB. bringing back samples from MarsC. staying in orbit around Mars for monthsD. orbiting, landing and roving with one probe5. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.A. Hope ProbeB. PerseveranceC. MarsD. Tianwen 16. What’s the biggest challenge tha t Tianwen 1 is facing in space?A. Achieving a safe landing.B. Lack(缺乏) of the resources and timeline.C. Collecting samples of rock and soil.D. Completing entering the orbit of Mars.7. What can we learn about Tianwen 1?A. It is expected to land on Mars in May or June.B. It will spend 10 months preparing for its landing.C. It’s one of the 46 successful Mars exploration missions.D. It’s the world’s first probe to enter the orbit around Mars.8. What can we infer (推测) from the US official’s w ords in the last paragraph?A. Space exploration calls for global cooperation.B. There are risks (危险) in exploring other planets.C. Tianwen 1 will reach other planets besides Mars.D. Exploring space takes considerable (相当大的) time and resources.3Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System (太阳系). Sometimes Mars is also called the “Red Planet”. Mars is the second closest to Earth and it is easy to see in the night sky. Like Earth, it has clouds, winds, seasonal weather and mountains and other familiar features. A day on Mars is about 24 hours and 37 minutes, while a day on Earth is about 23 hours and 56 minutes. Humans have started to explore Mars since the 1960s.Elon Musk, the founder and CEO of Space X, is considering getting people to go to Mars and finally setting up a base that can serve as an actual city, supporting one million people there.To build a city on Mars, rockets should be sent to Mars continually until there are enough resources (资源).The SpaceX team will build rockets that are able to be used 1, 000 times. With the rockets, spaceships with people and things will be sent to Mars. The spaceship is central to the plan. Each spaceship can carry up to 100 people and about 450 tons of things at a time and it will take about 80 days to get to Mars. To support the project, SpaceX is going to build 1,000 spaceships.Because it is really cold on Mars, human-friendly living spaces will be built under ground. On the ground, spaces will be built with special glass with plant life inside, where humans could walk around without spacesuits (宇航服). As for food, plants could grow in water instead of soil on solar-powered farms.“There is a good chance that we will not succeed,” Elon Musk says, “but we are going to do our best and try to make as much progress as possible.” Let’s hope that we will live a better life on Mars in the future.9. What do we know about Mars?A. It’s the fourth closest to Earth.B. It can’t be seen in the night sky.C. It’s the second planet from the Sun.D. It has something in common with Earth.10. What is Musk’s final plan?A. To build rockets to fly people to Mars.B. To have one million people live on Mars.C. To carry things from Mars back to Earth.D. To make Mars a place for people to have fun.11. How long will it take for a spaceship to fly to Mars?A. 23 days.B. 80 days.C. 100 days.D. 450 days.12. How does Musk feel about the plan?A. It is a piece of cake.B. It is sure to succeed.C. He may not make it but others will.D. He knows it may fail but he will try.4China has named the nation’s first Mars rover（火星车）ZhuRong. For all of us, Zhu Rong is a well-suited name.In an ancient Chinese story, Zhu Rong had the face of a man and the body of an animal. H rode on two dragons. When he had a big fight with Gong Gong, the god of water, Zhu Rong won. But after the fight, the human world came into complete darkness. Then he brought fire from heaven（天国）to the world.“Zhu Rong is regarded as the earliest god of fire in traditional Chinese culture,” a space official said. “The firstMars rover was named Zhu Rong. The name symbolizes（象征）light and hope for space exploration（探索）in our country, and means to guide humans to continue exploration.”After leaving the earth last summer, Zhu Rong circled Mars for several months and landed on it in May. In recent years, our country has sent up the world’s first quantum satellite（量子卫星）, and Chang’e-4 has made a soft landing on the moon. We have made great progress in space technology and will soon start building our own space station.13. What Zhu Rong brought from heaven to the world was ________.A. fireB. warsC. waterD. animals14. For China’s space exploration, the name Zhu Rong symbolizes ________.A. a big fightB. complete darknessC. light and hopeD. Chinese culture15. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “________”.A. the earthB. MarsC. the moonD. the sun16. According to the passage, we can infer that ________.A. Zhu Rong is a bad person in an ancient Chinese storyB. China has made great progress in space technologyC. the writer is proud of China’s space technologyD. the official doesn’t like the name Zhu Rong5Tianwen I is China’s first Mars probe（火星探测器）. Where does the name come from? Do you still remember Qu Yuan, a famous poet in ancient China? He loved his motherland very much. His long poem “Heavenly Questions（天问）” expresses the continual hard work and the great spirit of the Chinese nation to science. That is why Tianwen I was officially named, which is quite cultural and beautiful.On July 14, 2020. Tianwen I arrived at the Wenchang Space Launch Site（发射站）in Hainan Province. The space probe Tianwen I based off（发射升空）at 12:41 p.m. on July 23, 2020, carrying a Long March 5 carrier rocket （长征5号运载火箭）. It took Tianwen I about seven months to travel to Mars.The China’s Mars rover（火星车）, Zhurong moved from is landing platform（平台）onto the surface of the Red Planet at 10:40 a.m. on May 15th, 2021, starting is exploration（探险旅程）around the landing site.The 240-kilogram robot was sent in to the sky to survey Mars’ landforms, geography situation, and something about water, ice, environment and other physical fields.Before Tianwen I, no country had ever tried to send an orbiter（运行器）, a lander and a rover in one single expedition（考察）to Mars.17. Which country is Tianwen I Mars probe from?A. China.B. America.C. Canada.D. Japan.18. Why was the first Mars probe here given the name, Tianwen I?A. Because of a book written by Li Bai.B. Because of a poem written by Qu Yuan.C. Because of a famous scientist.D. Because of a well-known engineer.19. When was Tianwen I sent into the space?A. On June 23, 2020.B. On June 24, 2020C. On July 23, 2020.D. On July 24, 2020.20. How long did it take Tianwen I to travel to Mars?A. About 3 months.B. About 5 months.C. About 7 monthsD. About 9 months.21. What does the Mars rover, Zhurong survey on Mars?A. Landforms and geography situation.B. Something about water, ice and environment.C. Other physical fields.D. All of the above.6Will humans someday live and work on Mars（火星）? Many scientists think so. In fact, they are already working on plans to turn Mars into a new Earth.Humans need three basic things to live: water to drink, air to breathe and food to eat. Because of the shortage of those above, it is impossible to live on Mars right now. Then how can we make Mars a right place for humans to live on? The answer is to change the environment of the planet so t hat it is similar to Earth’s.On Mars, the temperature is about —60℃. So one of the main purposes is to warm it up. One idea for warming Mars comes from a problem here on Earth ——climate change. Most scientists agree that Earth is becoming warmer because of increased levels of greenhouse gases（气体）in our atmosphere（大气）. We might create similar conditions on Mars by building factories that give off greenhouse gases. The gas will change the atmosphere on Mars. Rain will fall, and it may be possible to grow plants for food. There will be many difficultiesin changing Mars. The program could take many centuries, and the cost will be high. We have some of the technology, such as the ability to create greenhouse gases, but not the money. Anyway, life on Mars is a real possibility for future people.22. The writer writes this article to________.A. talk about living conditions on Mars at presentB. talk about difficulties people meet with on MarsC. introduce plans to turn Mars into our future homeD. introduce scientists’ discovery about our atmosphere23. ________is the key to warming Mars.A. RainB. PlantC. MoneyD. The greenhouse gas24. What can be inferred（推断）from the passage?A. Money is one of the difficulties to hold back the program.B. Mars is the only planet for humans to live on in the future.C. It is possible for people to live on Mars in the near future.D. Technology can change Mars into a right place to live on now.二、完型填空阅读下面短文, 掌握大意, 然后从等题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
突破光速限制的科技进展一、背景介绍光速是自然界最快的速度，也是现有科学技术无法跨越的壁垒。
然而，对于人类来说，超越光速的技术是一种神话，是一种不断追求的目标。
科技界一直在探讨解决突破光速限制的方法，从虫洞到星际飞行，不断涌现出新的科技突破和创新。
二、科技进展1. 量子隧道技术量子隧道效应是一种量子现象，指在量子力学中，穿过高阻垒（隧道壁）的小粒子为了遵循物理规律，必须依靠隧道效应进行穿越的现象。
该技术特别适用于极长距离的通信，可以突破光速的限制，达到远距离通讯的效果。
2. 超越光速的船舶为了实现能够让人类在宇宙中尽情穿梭的技术，科学家开始研究如何使舰船加速到超越光速的速度。
并提出了超光速航行的几种方案：一是利用类似于虫洞的方式和空间曲率等装置，二是利用“阿尔库比埃耶”引擎，三是使用“沃普”引擎等技术。
这些技术在理论上看似不可行，但也让人们继续探索突破光速限制的可能性。
3. 干涉径向交织量子卫星通信技术干涉径向交织量子卫星通信技术，即interference radial entanglement quantum satellite communication technology，简称IREQ。
它利用量子随机性，使通信速度突破光速极限。
IREQ技术目前在实验室中的应用已经取得了一定成功。
三、应用前景1. 智能无限延迟在超越光速的通讯领域，科技突破可以让智能设备实现无限延迟。
智能物联网在目前的网络环境中，需要通过服务器转发数据，而这种延迟让很多的智能设备无法实现及时交互。
而拥有超越光速的技术实现无限延迟的通讯可以打通人与人，人与物之间的沟通壁垒。
2. 空间探索随着超越光速技术的发展，人类的空间探索将更加深入。
可以帮助人类探索更多未知的宇宙天体，比如更深入的研究太空中的黑洞，探索宇宙生命，寻找新的能源等等。
3. 时间旅行如果科学家们最终发现了突破光速限制的方法，那么时间旅行这一神话也会成为现实。
虽然其实现技术非常高端和复杂，但一旦取得实质性突破，将会改变我们的生活方式、文化和价值观，成为科技发展历史中的重要日子。
量子卫星quantum satellite
China launched the world's first quantum experiment satellite on Tuesday, taking a big step in building a space-based quantum communication network that would be virtually uncrackable.
8月16日，中国发射了世界首颗量子实验卫星，朝着建立一个防破解的空间量子通信网络迈进了一大步。
The satellite has been named "Micius" after a 5th century B.C. Chinese philosopher and scientist who is credited as being the first person in history to conduct optical experiments. 这颗卫星以公元前5世纪我国著名的哲学家和科学家墨子的名字命名，墨子被誉为历史上进行光学试验的第一人。
开个小差，古代各位贤达的英文名你们都记得吗？孔子（Confucius）、孟子（Mencius）、老子（Lao Tzu）、墨子（Micius）、庄子（Chuang Tzu）。
量子卫星（quantum satellite）的真正身份仍然是通信卫星（communications satellite），唯一不同的是，它是一颗靠量子来传递信息的通信卫星，可以向外发射量子。
从500公里开外的太空向地面的实验站发射光量子，这是史无前例、世界首次。
量子卫星是中国科学院空间科学先导专项首批科学实验卫星之一，
其主要科学目标是进行四大实验任务：
星地高速量子密钥分发实验（experiment on high-speed quantum key distribution from space to earth）
广域量子通信网络实验(wide-area quantum communications network experiment)
星地量子纠缠分发实验(experiment on distribution of quantum entanglement from space to earth)
地星量子隐形传态实验(experiment on quantum teleportation from earth to space)
量子通信是迄今唯一被严格证明为无条件安全的通信方式。
因为量子通信的密码不是预先设
定好的，而是在传输过程中随机形成的。
The satellite will create pairs of so-called entangled photons, beaming one half of each pair down to base stations in China and Austria.
卫星会将一对对纠缠光子拆分后发射到位于中国和奥地利的基站。
This special kind of laser has several curious properties, one of which is known as "the observer effect" - its quantum state cannot be observed without changing it.
这种特殊光束有很多特质，其中一个就是所谓的“观测者效应”，其量子状态一旦发生变化就会被观测到。
So, if the satellite were to encode an encryption key in that quantum state, any interception would be obvious. It would also change the key, making it useless.
因此，如果卫星在量子状态下编写了加密密钥，任何截取行为都会被发现。
密钥就会随之发生变化，从而失效。
