人教版七年级英语下册第八单元知识点总结
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Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?
一．重点单词和短语
post office 邮局 go straight沿着…．直走
police station警察局 turn right=turn to the right向右拐
pay phone 投币式公用电话 turn left=turn to the left 向左转
on the Fifth Avenue 在第五大街 go along=walk along=go down沿着……走
across from 在…．对面on one’s left在某人的左边
next to 紧靠…on the right在右边
between…and…．在…和…之间at the first crossing 在第一个十字路口
in front of 在…前面welcome to…欢迎到…..
in the neighborhood在附近a house with a beautiful garden 一个带漂亮花园的near here在这附近enjoy reading 享受阅读
take a walk=have a walk 散步look like 看起来
take a taxi 乘出租车have a good trip 旅途愉快
the way to …去…．的路上have fun 玩到开心
二．重点单词和短语
1. There be 句型
(1)结构：There be+sb./sth. +地点表示“在某地有某人或某物”（there 是引导词，没有词义；be 是谓语
动词；某人/物是主语，地点作状语，多为介词短语）
E.g. There is a bank in the neighborhood. (2)There be 句型的谓语动词be在人称和数上应以后面的第一个名词保持一致。
▲如果后面的名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用is.
E.g. There is some salad on the table . ▲如果后面的名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用are.
E.g. There are some students in the classroom. ▲如果There be 句型中有多个名词，be 动词通常与第一个名词保持人称和数的一致。
E.g. There is a boy and two girls in the room. There are two girls and a boy in the room. (3)There be 句型的一般疑问句：将be 动词提到句首。
→Are there any students in the classroom?肯定回答：Yes, there is /are. 否定回答：No,
there isn’t/aren’t. E.g. —Is there a bank near here? —Yes, there is ./No ,there isn’t.
(4)There be 句型的否定句：在be 后加not
E.g. There is a post office near hear. →There isn’t a post office near hear.
(5)There be 句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（组）+be +there +其他
E.g. There are three pens in my schoolbag.(请对划线部分进行提问).
→How many pens are there in your schoolbag?
【拓展】there be和have 都表示“有...”，但有所区别：
①含义不同。
there be 结构表示的是“某地有某物/人”，强调“存在关系”；
have则表示“某人/某物所有”，强调“所属关系”。
E.g. There is a bus in our factory. Our factory has a bus.②句型不同。
there be 结构的句型为“There be +某物/某人+某地”，
否定句是把not放在be 之后，疑问句是把be提到句首；
have句型为“某人/某物+ have/ has +某物/某人”，否定句通常是在have前加don’t ( has前加doesn’t )，
疑问句是在句首加do（第三人称单数加does）。
E.g. There isn’t a cat under the chair.
She doesn’t have two brothers. ③用there is或there are还是用have或has均取决于句子的主语。但there be 句型里有两个或多个并列
主语时，be习惯上和最靠近的那个在数上保持一致。
E.g. There is a bike under the tree. There are some bikes under the tree.
There is an apple and two oranges on the table.
You have a new book./ You have some new books.
He has a new book./ He have some new books.④当表示某物的构成和组成部分时，用there be 和have均可。
E.g. Our school has twenty classes. (= There are twenty classes in our school.)2. across from 意为“在……的对面”，后面接表示地点的名词或代词。
E.g. We live across from the street. There is a bank across from the library.表示“在……的对面”的短语还有：
①on the other side of... The bus stop is on the other side of the river. ②be opposite to... The fruit shop is opposite the post office.
3、next to 表示“在...旁边；靠近；紧挨着”，后接表地点的名词或代词。
E.g. The pay phone is next to the library. The garden is next to my house. 【辨析】near也表示“在...旁边”，但与next to有所区别：
从空间上讲，near只表示“在...旁边；在...附近”而next to有“紧挨着”之意；也就是说next to比
near靠的更近。试比较：
E.g. Peter sits next to Mike. Peter sits near Tom.
4.【辨析】between和among
▲between表示“在....中间”，常与and连接，构成短语between....and.....，指在两者之间
E.g. I sit between Lucy and Lily. ▲among也表示“在....中间”，指在三者或三者以上的中间。
E.g. My brother is among those boys. 5. 【辨析】in front of/ in the front of 都表示“在...前面”
in front of指在物体外部的前面There is a bank in front of the hospital
in the front of指在物体内部的前面The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom.
6. cross 动词表示“横过；越过”
E.g. He has to cross the river to school.
across 介词表示“横过；穿过”
E.g. He has to walk across the river to school. Through 介词，表示“（从中间）穿过”
E.g. go through the forest/park注：across表示从一定范围的一边另一边, 动作在物体表面进行。
E.g. go/walk across the road/bridge/street7. spend 动词，表示“花（时间、金钱）”①spend …on sth.（名词）“在某事或某物上花费金钱或时间”
E.g. I usually spend one hour on my homework. Linda spends ten yuan on this book.②spend …(in) doing sth. “花费金钱或时间做某事”
E.g. I usually spend one hour (in) doing my homework.
She often spends twenty minutes (in) walking to school.8. pay 动词，表示“付钱；付费；付款”（过去式为paid）①pay for +物“付钱买某物”E.g. He paid for the books.
②pay +钱+for +物“付多少钱买某物”
E.g. He paid 200 yuan for the books.③pay sb. some money for sth. E.g. He paid her 20 dollars for the shoes.
9. see/watch/hear sb. doing sth. 表示“看见/观看/听见某人正在做某事”
E.g. I love to watch the monkeys climbing around.
I often hear some girls singing in the classroom.
10. To get to the park, you just have to cross Center Street.to get to the park 是目的状语前置，just起增强语气的作用，和此处的have to表示“只要，仅需”。
E.g. To get a good grade, we must study hard.
11. enjoy 动词，表示“享受；喜爱”→enjoyable adj. 表示“高兴的”
