2015年大学英语四级模拟题及答案 (2)

2015年12月大学英语4级真题答案（第二套）Part I WritingLearning Should Be A Lifelong ProcessIt is often said that learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission, which indicates the importance of lifelong learning we have been lectured over and over again.Lifelong learning is crucial to our life and career in modern society. Living in such an era of rapid development of information, we have to keep pace with times through ceaseless learning; otherwise, we’ll be too out to seize many opportunities. For example, a taxi driver who learns to use a Taxi App such as Didi can make much more money than those who don’t every day; a housewife who opens a shop online can even out-earn a white-collar worker. All of their successes can be attributed to their constant learning in addition to the progress of technology.There is an old saying that you are never too old to learn. Thus, learning is an attitude regardless of age. Only through learning ceaselessly can we achieve our potential and live a better life in this rapidly developing society.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. D) The time for the man’s visit to the woman’s company.2. C) In a library.3. B) He cannot get through to New York.4. D) Discuss his thesis with Prof. Hudson.5. C) He still does not know where he left his watch.6. A) He forgot all about what he said.7. C) She is always making excuses for being late.8. B) He has to move out of the building soon.9. B) From some of her friends.10. C) She finished her secondary school.11. A) She is a shorthand-typist.12. C) It has been off and on for ten years.13. D) Social games.14. C) The owner’s attitude.15. A) It is a rather tough job.Section B16. D) It hurts a person and those around them.17. B) They take drugs to get high.18. C) It is hard to get rid of.19. B) Producing tasty healthy frozen food.20. A) It was carefully tested with consumers.21. B) Low expectations.22. C) It has a positive implication for consumers.23. A) It is practiced in most of the states.24. B) Whether there should be a minimum age limit for execution.25. D) He was sentenced to death for a crime he committed as a minor.Section C26. transactions27. in silence28. short of29. resent30. embarrassed31. spare32. response33. turn the tables34. realization35. convenientPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A36. N) saw37. F) decades38. H) globally39. D) chances40. J) occurs41. A) additional42. B) associated43. G) experiences44. M) reduce45. K) populationsSection B46. D) Shouldn’t preparing—and consuming—food be a source of comfort, pride, health, well-being, relaxation, sociability?47. B) It’s not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by.48. F) Perhaps a return to real cooking needn’t be far off.49. O) You don’t have to hit the grocery store dail y, nor do you need an abundance of skill.50. G) Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtually every night.51. E) When I talk about cooking, I’m not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three-day science projects.52. J) There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods, but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy, mostly plant-based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating.53. M) To those Americans for whom money is a concern, my advice is simple: Buy what you can afford, and cook it yourself.54. C) And yet we aren’t cooking. If you eat three meals a day and behave like most Americans, you probably get at least a third of your daily calories outside the home.55. H) Although frozen dinners were invented in the’ 40s, their popularity didn’t boom until televisions became popular a decade or so later.Section C56. A) It is disappearing.57. C) In the abstract.58. D) Spending money is so fast and easy.59. A) It represents a change in the modern world.60. D) He feels insecure in the ever-changing modern world.61. A) They are culture-related.62. C) They get less sleep on public holidays.63. C) The World Cup.64. B) They want to get sufficient sleep.65. B) Few people really know the importance of sleep.Part IV TranslationLijiang, an ancient town in Yunnan Province, is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China. The life tempo there is slower than that of most Chinese cities. There is beautiful natural scenery everywhere in Lijiang, and many minorities provide tourists with various and colorful cultural experience. It has also been known as the “City of Love” in history. Numerous legends about people who were born for love and died for love circulate among the local folk. Nowadays, this ancient town is regarded as the paradise of love and romance in the eyes of both Chinese and foreign visitors.。

2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案解析(精品二)2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案（精品试卷二）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A．,B．, C． and D．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet (长柄平底煎锅) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract ( 消化道 ) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (荧光检查仪), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum ( 权威意见) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric ( 胃的 )apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile ( 胆汁 ) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnationdecided to go back to the countries where they had studied.In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientistsand technicians to return to Latin America.In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate ( 移居国外的 ) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain (人才流失) fromthese countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.61. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage? A． The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their own needs for modernization.B. The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.C． Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.D． The International Organization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals to return to their own countries in a single year.62. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brain power?A． Many professionals did not feel comfortable in their home countriesafter they returned home.B． "Temporary return" programs encouraged professionals to work in their home countries for short periods.C． The new laws of the international market encourage knowledge transfer. D． The professionals from the developing countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply their knowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.63. In the author's opinion, the developing countries should __________. A． keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return after graduationB． cooperate more effectively with international organizations C． set up more return programs under the guidance of the UND． send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their own countries64. According to the passage, the problem of the developing countries will continue__________.A． as long as the developed countries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domesticallyB． as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structuresC． unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroadD． if theh governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals65. The best title for the passage is__________.A． The Brain Drain of the Developing CountriesB． Knowledge TransferC． The Talents from the Developing CountriesD． The Failure of Development Programs【参考译文】很长时间以来，人们都不喜欢油炸食品。

2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题及解析(卷二) Part I Writing1.【题干】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening ComprehensionPartⅢReading ComprehensionSection AScholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is_____(37)different from that of an industrial society. As informatization progress in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society_____(38)the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view as a_____(39)analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media. A different_____(40)is possible when the actual amount of information_____(41)by the user is taken into account. In fact, the more information_____(42)throughout the entire society, the wider the gap becomes between "information haves" and "information have-nots," leading to digital divide.According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major_____(43): class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With_____(44)to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, _____(45)with personal computers and the Internet, and the older generation,_____(46)to an industrial society.37.【题干】_____【选项】A.accustomed习惯的通常的B.acquired 取得C.assembly 集合D.attribute 把…归于E.champions 冠军F.elements 原理，元素G.expands 扩大H.familiar 熟悉的I.flows 流动J.fundamentally 从根本上地K.interpretation 解释L.passive 被动的M.regard 把..看作，与…有关N.respectively 分别地O.superficial 表面的，肤浅的【答案】J38.【答案】G39.【答案】O40.【答案】K 41. 【答案】B 42.I 43.F 44.M 45.A 46.DSection BJoy：A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasureA)When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression, and stimulate the restaurant business. Evan as a satire(讽刺), it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture. But actually, the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.B)If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of the following words: "standards,""results,""skills,""self-control,""accountability," and so on. I have visited some of the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.C)A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.D)I'm a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist. So I've watched a lot of children-talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young. Here's what I've come to understand. The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills. It's their enormous capacity for joy. Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip. A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.E)A friend told me the following story. One day, when he went to get his 7-year-old son from soccer practice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice. The coach had criticized him for focusing on his soccer drills. The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down. He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching(蹲伏)down to peer at something on the sidewalk.His face went down lower and lower, and then, with complete joy he called out," Dad. Come here. This is the strangest bug I've ever seen. It has, like a million legs. Look at this. It's amazing." He looked up at his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight. "Can't we stay here for just a minute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever."F)The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct of youth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance(坚持不懈), obligation, and practicality. Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking. Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy. Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead to playing with small figures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example. In some cases, schools should help children find new, more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, making friends, making decisions.G)Building on a child's ability to joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard. It would just require a shift in the education word's mindset(思维模式). Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.H)Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, think again. The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.I)Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn to delay gratification(快乐)so that can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.J)Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally, Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to learn. You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division. But you can't force the child to think carefully, enjoy books, digest complex information, or develop a taste for learning. To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure in learning-to see school as a source of joy.K)Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you. Why not instead think of learning as if it were food-something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure?L)Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs. The more difficult a child's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom. "Pleasure" is not a dirty word. And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education. It is, in fact, the precondition.47.【题干】It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.【答案】G【解析】Building on a child's ability to joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard. It would just require a shift in the education word's mindset(思维模式).48.【题干】What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.【答案】D【解析】The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills. It's their enormous capacity for joy49.【题干】Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.【答案】A50.【题干】It is human nature to seek joy in life.【答案】F【解析】Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy.51.【题干】Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.【答案】K【解析】Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you.52.【题干】Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.【答案】L【解析】The more difficult a child's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom.53.【题干】Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.【答案】C【解析】A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.54.【题干】Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.【答案】I【解析】Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility.55.【题干】In the so-called "effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set ofstrict rules.【答案】B【解析】I have visited some of the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.56.【题干】To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn.【答案】J【解析】You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division. But you can't force the child to think carefully, enjoy books, digest complex information, or develop a taste for learning. To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure in learning-to see school as a source of joy.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.When it's five o'clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they're done.These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based word schedules hinder morale(士气)and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m., research from 10 a.m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities-from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "task time". They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in the business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.57.【题干】What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?【选项】A.It makes everybody time-conscious.B.It is a convenience for work and life.C.It may have a negative effect on creative work.D.It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.【答案】C【解析】2 New research shows that clock-based word schedules hinder morale(士气)and creativity.58.【题干】How do people usually go about their work according to the author?【选项】A.They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B.They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C.They set a time limit for each specific task.D.They accomplish their tasks one by one.【答案】A【解析】3 They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.59.【题干】What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?【选项】A.They seize opportunities as they come up.B.They always get their work done in time.C.They have more control over their lives.D.They tend to be more productive.【答案】D【解析】They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive.60.【题干】What do the researchers say about today's business culture?【选项】A.It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B.It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C.It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.D.It aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.【答案】B【解析】The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in the business culture.61.【题干】What do the researchers suggest?【选项】A.Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B.It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C.Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D.A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.【答案】D【解析】最后段the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.Passage TwoQuestion 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004. As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was "paying her dues," and that "there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew."Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich and powerful. Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented form ever fully paying their debt to society.At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person's individual circumstances. Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professional and business licensing. They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all, more than 45,000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life.Some laws make sense. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia(恋童癖)work in a school. But too often collateral(附随的)consequences bear no relation to public safety. Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vast criminal justice system, second chances are crucial. It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.62.【题干】What does the well-known columnist's remark about Martha Stewart suggest?【选项】A.Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.B.Her business went bankrupt while she was in prison.C.Her release from prison has drawn little attention.D.Her prison sentence might have been extended.【解析】第一段a well-known columnist wrote that she was "paying her dues," and that "there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew."63.【题干】What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?【选项】A.They backslide after serving their terms in prison.B.They are deprived of all social benefits.C.They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.D.They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.【答案】B【解析】第二段Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented form ever fully paying their debt to society.64.【题干】What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?【选项】A.They remain poor for the rest of their lives.B.They are deprived of all social benefits.C.They are marginalized in society.D.They are deserted by their family.【答案】C【解析】第四段Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person's individual circumstances. Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professional and business licensing. They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.65.【题干】What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?【选项】A.They help to maintain social stability.B.Some of them have long been outdated.C.They are hardly understood by the public.D.A lot of them have negative effects on society.【答案】D【解析】倒数第二段These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.66.【题干】What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?【选项】A.To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.B.To appeal for changes in America's criminal justice system.C.To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.D.To call people's attention to prisoner's conditions in America.【解析】呼吁美国司法体系的改革。

大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1. A man has to make _____ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.A. supplyB. arrranceC. provisionD. adjustment2. A neat letter improves your chances of a favorable _________.A. circumstanceB. requestC. receptionD. response3. A river ____ though the narrow wooded valley below.A. extendsB. poursC. expandsD. twists4. A writer has to _______ imagination as well as his experiences for his writing.A. draw back fromB. draw inC. draw upD. draw on5. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the ____ of maturity.A. fulfillmentB. achievementC. establishmentD. accomplishment6. Light comes in _______ the window.A. byB. throughC. out ofD. in7. The young worker expressed the indignation _______ being dismissed without any reason.A. forB. atC. toD. of8. Science has brought _______ many changes in our life.A. outB. intoC. aboutD. forward9. ______ onetime, Manchester, New Hampshire, was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the worlD.A. OnB. AtC. ByD. To10. If something is out _______ the question, it is impossible.A. ofB. toC. withD. in11. _______ snobbish people ______ you described are to be found everywhere.A. Such…likeB. So…likeC. Such…asD. So…as12. The doctors must have spared no pains to treat the patient _______ he has recovered from his serious injury.A. butB. beforeC. forD. till13. So hardworking was he that nothing ______ him from his study remained in the room.A. distractingB. distractC. distractedD. to distract14. ---- Why don’t we take a little break ?---- Didn’t we just have ______ ?A. itB. thatC. oneD. this15. ____,Internet writers do make impressive progress.A.Encouraging and praisingB.To be encouraged and praisedC.Encouraged and praisedD.To encourage and praised16. In the west, people make ___ a rule to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.A. thisB. thatC. itD. the following17. --Is there a flight to London this evening?--There ____ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.A. mustB. has toC. mightD. ought to18. He called the police for help, ____ that the problem was more than he could deal with.A. having been realizedB. to realizeC. realizedD. realizing19. --- How much is the desk?---it__ninety-nine pounds.( )A. costsB. Pays toC. spendsD. Takes is20. I am afraid I won't be able to keep in touch__him.( )A. To goB. For ifC. withD. By too二、单词拼写（共计15分）1.Mr. Li moved to the seashore in his f______(四十来岁).2.H______(听到) the good news, we all jumped with joy.3．When he realized he had made a difference for those poor children, he ____________ a joyful smile. (突然笑了起来)4．At that time, the explorers __________________ (因为……而着迷) their adventures in the underwater world.5．Recent pressure at work may ____________ (是……的原因，解释) his abnormal behavior.三、阅读理解：(共30分)As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume Besides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.A.did not like presentB.never got presentC.preferred tiesD.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.A.attractiveB.interested in tiesC.tiredD.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.A.puroselyB.suddenlyC.unwillinglyD.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.A.when he was obligedB.on social occasionsC.from time to timeD.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.A.coustomers trod on each other's toesB.coustomers poked each other withtheir elbows C.customers knocked each other D.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry四、书面表达：请你为一个中学生参观团起草一份通知，用一段话说明以下要点：参观日期：5月25日，星期天时间：早上8点钟出发。

2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案（精品试卷二）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A．,B．, C． and D．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet (长柄平底煎锅) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our mosteminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract ( 消化道 ) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (荧光检查仪), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum ( 权威意见) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric ( 胃的 )apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile ( 胆汁 ) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heraldedprohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle" ( 圣贤) suffered from dyspepsia (消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.56. This passage focuses on__________.A． why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipmentB． the digestibility of fried foodsC． how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparationD． why fried foods have long been frowned upon57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods because__________.A． they are healthfulB． they are much cheaperC． they can be easily digestedD． they can provide the calories the workers need58. The author implies that the public should__________.A． prepare some foods by fryingB． avoid fried foods if possibleC． fry foods for adults but not for childrenD． prepare all foods by frying59. When the author says that "an 'oracle' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he isbeing__________.A． gratefulB． factualC． sarcasticD． humorous60. The passage was probably taken from__________.A． a medical journalB． a publication addressed to the general publicC． a speech at a medical conventionD． an advertisement for cooking oilPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South ( 发展中国家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organizationfor Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientistsand technicians to return to Latin America.In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate ( 移居国外的 ) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain (人才流失) fromthese countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, theymust introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.61. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage? A． The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their own needs for modernization.B. The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.C． Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.D． The International Organization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals to return to their own countries in a single year.62. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brain power?A． Many professionals did not feel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.B． "Temporary return" programs encouraged professionals to work in their home countries for short periods.C． The new laws of the international market encourage knowledge transfer.D． The professionals from the developing countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply their knowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.63. In the author's opinion, the developing countries should__________.A． keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return after graduationB． cooperate more effectively with international organizations C． set up more return programs under the guidance of the UN D． send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their own countries64. According to the passage, the problem of the developing countries will continue__________.A． as long as the developed countries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domesticallyB． as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structuresC． unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroadD． if theh governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals65. The best title for the passage is__________.A． The Brain Drain of the Developing CountriesB． Knowledge TransferC． The Talents from the Developing CountriesD． The Failure of Development Programs【参考译文】很长时间以来，人们都不喜欢油炸食品。

15年英语四级大学模拟考试——解析Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: Every year 100 million holiday—makers are drawn to the Mediterranean. With one third of the world's tourist trade, it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations; it is also the most polluted.It has only 1 per cent of the world's sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar floating on the waters. Thousands of factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on the coast sends its sewage, untreated, into the sea. The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill—the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved around it. And the pollution does not merely keep back life of the sea—it threatens the people who inhabit and visit its shores. The mournful form of disease is caused by sewage.Eighty five per cent of the waste from the Mediterranean's 120 coastal cities is pushed out in to the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore. Not surprisingly, vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesn't take long for these to reach people. Professor William Brumfitt of the Royal Free Hospital once calculated that anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease. Other scientists say this is an overestimate; but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk. Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper waste treatment plant. They do as much damage to the sea as sewage. But the good news is that the countries of the Mediterranean have been coming together to work out how to save their common sea. 21. The causes of the Mediterranean's pollution is____. A) the oil and tar floating on the water B) many factories put their poison into the sea C) untreated sewage from the factories and coastal cities D) there are some sorts of diseases in the sea 22. Which of following consequence of a polluted sea is not true according to the passage? A) Bring up so many civilizations. B) Various diseases in the sea. C) It threatens the inhabitants and travelers. D) One in seven chance of getting some sort of disease swimming in the sea. 23. The word “sewage”refer to ____. A) poison C) liquid material B) waste D) solid material 24. Why does industry do much damage to the sea? A) Because most factories have proper waste treatment plants. B) Because many factories have not properwaste treatment plants even the most modern one. C) Because just the modern factory has a waste treatment plant. D) Because neither ordinary factories nor most modern ones have p roper waste treatment plants. 25. What is the passage mainly about? A) Save the world. B) How the people live in the Mediterranean sea. C) How the industry dangers the sea. D) Beware the dirty sea.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: THE CLASSROOM is a man's world, where boys gettwo thirds of the teachers' attention — even when they are in a minority— taunt (辱骂) the girls without punishment, and receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls. They are accustomed to being teachers' pets, and if girls get anything like equal treatment, they will protest eagerly and even wreck lessons. These claims are made in a book out this week, written by Dale Spender, a lecturer at the London University Institute of Education. She argues that discrimination against girls is so deeply in co educational schools that single sex classes are the only answer.Her case is based on tape recordings of her own and other teachers' lessons. Many of them, like Spender, had deliberately set out to give girls a fair chance.“Sometimes,” says Spender, “I have even thought I have gone too far and have spent more time with the girls than the boys.” The tapes proved otherwise. In 10 taped lessons (in secondary school and college), Spender never gave the girlsmore than 42 per cent of her attention (the average was 38 percent) and never gave the boys less than 58 percent. There were similar results for other teachers, both male and female. In other words, when teachers give girls more than a third of their time, they feel that they are cheating the boys of their rightful share. And so do the boys themselves. “She always asks the girls all the questions,” said one boy in a classroom where 34 per cent of the teachers' time was allocate d to girls. “She doesn't like boys, and just listens to the girls.” said a boy in another class, where his sex got 63 per cent of teacher attention. Boys regarded two thirds of the teacher's time as a fair deal — and when they got less they caused trouble in class and even complained to higher authority. “It's important to keep their attention,” said one teacher, “Otherwise, they play you up something awful.” Spender concludes that, in mixed classes, if the girls are as boisterous and pushy as the boys, they are considered “unladylike”, if they are docile and quiet, they are ignored. 26. If boys are better treated in class, ____ would be better. A) single sex classes and co educational classes B) co educational classes C) single sex classes D) None of the above 27. Dale Spender obtained the evidence for her claims by ____ . A) her own lessons in secondary school and college B) the other teachers' tape recordings C) both male and female teachers D) tape recordings of her own and other teachers' lessons 28. What are the boy's reactions when girls are given more attention? A) They will keep the teachers' attention again. B) They will make some trouble and complain to the headmaster. C) They will play up the teacher something awful. D) They will feel they are cheated by teachers. 29. The word “boisterous” in the last paragraph probably means ____. A) rough B) brave C)troublesome D) emotional 30. The best title for this passage would be ____. A) boys are teachers' pets B) boys do better in co educational classes C) single sex classes are better than co eduationedclasses D) girls do better than boysQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: Gestures aren't the only area in which the unwary traveler can get tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere to different business customs and behavior. For example: Caffeine junkies should restrain themselves in the Middle East.“Three cups of tea or coffee isusually the polite limit in offices and during social calls,” counsels “Travel Pak,” a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline.“But if your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If you've had your fill, give your empty cup a quick twist a sort of wiggle—as you hand it back. That means “No more, thank you.” Middle East visitors also should not be surprised “if others barge right into the office in the middle of your conversation with the person you are seeing,” notes “Travel Pak.” An old Arab custom calls for keeping an “open office.” The British, however, consider it impolite to interrupt a visitor, even after all business has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitive to this point, know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure. In Japan certain guests at evening business gatheringswill leave early. They should be allowed to leave without effusive good byes. The Japanese consider formal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remaining guests. In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed their clothes and join their hosts in a sauna. The invitation is a sign that a good working relationship has been established. In the Arab world, the word “no” must be mentioned three times before it is accepted. In contrast, it is considered good business manners to make many and long efforts to pick up the check. In the People's Republic of China, gift giving is considered an insult, says Patrick J. Lewis, President of Club Universe, a Los Angeles tour operator. “If you want to give someone a gift, make sure it's modest in value. This will not be considered offensive, but it may be declined, ” The Chinese manner of expressing friendship and welcome is to clap. Lewis adds. “You may be greeted with clapping when entering a factory, hospital, commune, or school.Politeness dictates that you respond with applause, even though it may seem like you're clapping for yourself.” 31. In the Middle East, it is considered ____. A) impolite to drink at least 3 cups of coffee B) impolite to drink more than 3 cups of coffee unless your host drinks more C) polite to ask the host to give you as more as he can D) polite to leave a party as early as you want 32. In Japan, the guest at an evening party will ____. A) leave early without saying good bye B) stay as long as he can C) stay to have a swimming with the host D) present their business cards immediately 33. In Finland, business guests may ____. A) take flowers to the host B) send an expensive gift to the host C) have a swimming or sauna with the host D) present a business card 34. In China, a gift to the host means ____. A) attemption to praise the host B) a modest manner C) a respondence of applause D) offended action to the host's dignity 35. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage? A) Uninvited visitors are welcome in Middle Easternoffice. B) In Britain, business visitors can stay as long as they like. C) In China, people may greet a foreigner's entering a school with clapping. D) In the Arab world, saying “No” for 3 times until itis accepted.　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: W hat is the importance of the Afro American history to all Americans? How could Afro Americans contribute anything to American history when they were just slaves and servants? This is the image which many of us are taught when we go to school. This is the image many Afro Americans have of themselves also. The Afro Americans need to remake their real historical image so that it is known and accepted in its truthfulness by themselves and the rest of the world. Men and women of darker color are human beings entitled to respect and acceptance in history. When we think of famous scientists and inventors we immediately think of men such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison and Jonas E.Salk. This is because we associate famous people with the Anglo Saxon race. But what about theAfro American inventors and scientists? How many men during World War Ⅰ owe their lives to Garrett Morgan who inventedthe gas mask? Garrett Morgan also invented the traffic light which saves numerous lives on our streets. Daniel Hale Williams was the first successful heart surgeon. Charles Drew saved hundreds of thousands of lives during World War II by his discovery of the ways and means of preserving blood plasma. Percy Julian has helped millions suffering from the excruciating pain of arthritis. These men and others should be as easily recognized as Bell, Edison and Salk. America is made up of many different blends of cultures. These many cultures have come to enrich and diversify the American way of life. We should not think, because history has neglected to include the background of a particular culture, that these people have an inferior history. We should search for the truth and set the record straight against the slanders, the stereotyping and false images which have identified these people. We should understand each of the cultures and learn of their specific contribution to America's lifestory. Only after we are taught the complete and accurate history of our great country and learn that the blending of cultures and backgrounds gives us ourstrength, can we go forward on the path to peace. 36. The function of the first paragraph is to ____. A) present the main idea or the summary of the essay B) present an introduction to the topic C) provide background to the main theme D) present many cultures have contributed to American history 37. Which of the following statements is true? A) Graham Bell, T.Edison and J.E.Salk are not very important people. B) Black people who contribute to society should have equal recognition with their white colleagues. C) We should not associate famous people with the Anglo Saxon race only. D) G.Morgan, D.H.Williams and Charles Drew were not Afro Americans. 38. Paragraph three tells us that ____. A) we should oppose slander and stereotyping B) the American way of life is richer because it is made up of many cultures C) some cultures have been completely neglected D) Afro Americans have an inferior history 39. The word “image” refers to ____. A) picture B) portray C) impression D) similar 40. The main idea of the passage is ____. A) There are many Afro Americans who are famous asscientists and inventors B) Many Afro Americans have devoted to American history C) Afro American experience to American history D) Afro American history must be recognized as an important part of American historyPart Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 41. Hardly had the minister finished his statement____ several reporters raised their hands and put forward a string of questions. A) when B) as C) then D) than 42. The impact of this well known book might not have been so far reaching ____ for Mr.William, who dared to publish it. A) if had it not been C) is it not being B) had it not been D) its only having been 43. There were a lot ____ criticisms in the paper than expected. A) of C) of more B) more D) much more 44. You shouldn't ____ that last week and you should do it next week. A) have done C) be doing B) do D) have to do 45. Your father likes to play golf; he's really enthusiastic ____it. A) by B) about C) with D) on 46. They have been waiting for many hours to see the singer, but the airplane must have been ____. A) off time C) ahead of schedule B) on time D) behind schedule 47. He insisted that we all ____ in his office at one o'clock. A) be C) would be B) to be D) shall be 48. I have not found my book yet. I'm not sure ____ I could have done with it. A) whether C) why B) what D) where 49. I left very early last night, but I wish I ____ so early. A) didn't leave C) haven't left B) hadn't left D) couldn't leave 50. I'd get it for you ____ I could remember who last borrowed it. A) except that C) if only B) on condition that D) considering whether 51. I did not call to make my airline reservation, butI ____. A) should have C) must have B) may have D) shall have 52. He is sure that there was a flying saucer over there. If he hadn't seen it himself, he ____ it. A) never have believed B) never did believe C) could never believe D) would never have believed 53. I guess Jones didn't have a chance to win the election. ____ the people in the city voted for his opponent. A) Most all of C) Almost all of B) Most of all D) Almost the whole of 54. The cottage will be cold. Make sure ____ the heater. A) you light C) lighting B) for lighting D) you'll light 55. There are times when the ____ on the road to success prevent our reaching our goals. A) barriers C) boundaries B) blocks D) accidents 56. Persons of all ages are ____ to enjoy the country's medical care. A) asked C) willing B) entitled D) required 57. The Indian guide ____ the danger ahead on the muddy, wet road. A) ignored C) warned B) heard about D) foresaw 58. At the gathering, he talked ____ about the matter, dampening everyones spirits. A) in detail C) on end B) with ease D) in a confusing way 59. His ____ and experience make him an excellent person for this job. A) complacency C) cooperation B) compensation D) capability 60. During the strike, the electricity was cut off for hours, so we had to ____ candles for lighting. A) manage with C) carry out B) turn on D) keep to 61. Susan must ____ quite well on the exam since she seems so confident of passing. A) do C) be done B) have been doing D) have done 62. “How many from your class went abroad?” “ ____ but one”. A) Any B) Some C) All D) Most 63. I wish Bill would drive us to the train station but he has ____ to take us all. A) very small a car C) a too small car B) too smalla car D) such a small car 64. Astronomers were glad to know that their ____ aboutthe moon were correct. A) suppositions C) philosophy B) descriptions D) summarization 65. Lucille has been feeling ____ recently. A) under the weather C) cold B) in the weather D) isolated 66. Unwise judgment and bad management caused the small company to ____. A) set another record C) go broke B) reduce its production D) go down 67. Each day in summer, teenagers go to the beach, hoping to ____ a beautiful tan. A) lose C) bathe B) help D) acquire 68. Heating ____ into the students' dormitories now. A) is putting C) is been put B) is being put D) has been putting 69. We know that Mr.Smith has an extremely tight schedule, but we believe he should have ____ time at least for his supporters. A) a little C) little B) one D) a 70. All the members are participating in the scheme____ a few small firms. A) except C) except for B) besides D) in addition to Part Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Each human being is born as something new,__ (71)__ that never existed before.He is born with__ (72)__ he needs to win at life. Each person in his own__ (73)__ cansee,hear,touch,taste, and think__(74)__ himself. Each has his own unique __(75)__ — his capabilities and limitations.__ (76)__ can be a significant,__ (77)__, aware, and creatively __(78)__ person in his own right — a winner. The words “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer __(79)__ a person as a winner, we do not mean one__ (80)__ beats the other guy__ (81)__ winning over him and __(82)__ him lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being __ (83)__ , trustworthy, responsive, and genuine,__ (84)__ as an individual and as a member of__(85)__. A loser is one who fails to respond authentically. Martin Buber __(86) __this idea as he retells an old story of a rabbi who on his __(87)__ bed sees himself as a loser. The rabbilaments that, in the world to come, he will not be asked why he wasn't Moses; he will be asked why he wasn't __(88)__. Few people are one hundred percent winners or one hundred percent losers. It's a__ (89)__ of degree. However, once a person is on the road to being a winner, his chances are greater for becoming even more __(90)__. This book is intended to facilitate the journey. 71. A) everything B) anything C) something D) thing 72. A) that B) what C) which D) how 73. A) way B) case C) method D) appetite 74. A) of B) to C) for D) about 75. A) possibilities B) abilities C) potentials D) energy 76. A) One B) All C) Every D) Each 77. A) thinking B) think C) thought D) have thought 78. A) produce B) productive C) product D) productivity 79. A) as B) to C) for D) on 80. A) what B) those C) which D) who 81. A) with B) for C) on D) by 82. A) making B) let C) letting D) make 83. A) credit B) believing C) credible D) believed 84. A) all B) both C) which D) each 85. A) society B) group C) community D) party 86. A) takes B) tells C) speaks D) expresses 87. A) die B) death C) dying D) died 88. A) his B) him C) himself D) self 89. A) matter B) case C) thing D) something90. A) than B) much C) then D) so　Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic, “The Way to Success” based on the following outlines. Your composition should be no less than 100 words. 1. 每个人都试图在事业上获得成功。

2015年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（二）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission. “You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案：Learning Should Be a Lifelong Process It is often said that learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission. The saying indicates the importance of lifelong learning, which we have been lectured over and over again. Lifelong learning is crucial to our life and career in modern society. Living in the Information Age, we have to keep pace with the times through ceaseless learning: otherwise, we’ll be too outdated to seize any opportunities. For example, a taxi driver who learns to use a Taxi App such as Didi can make much more money than those who don’t: a housewife who opens a shop online can even out-earn a white-collar worker. All of their success can be attributed to their constant learning in addition to the progress of technology. As an old saying goes, it is never too old to learn. Thus, learning is an attitude regardless of age. Only through learning ceaselessly can we achieve our potential and live a better life in this rapidly developing society.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A听力原文：W: Hello, Mr. Harrison, thanks for calling. Now, when would it be good for you to visit our company? M: Well. In fact, I can come almost any time next month. And probably toward the end of a week would be best for me. Q: What are the speakers talking about?2．A．The agenda for the board of directors’ meeting.B．The details of the meeting to be held next week.C．The reason for the man’s absence from the meeting.D．The time for the man’s visit to the woman’s company.正确答案：D解析：女士询问男士什么时候方便到她所在的公司参观，男士说下个月几乎任何时间都行，可能接近周末的时间最好。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟题及答案听力原文及答案Part I Writing 写作范文Being connected to some great friends of mine in college is really a wonderful feeling. Like most college undergraduates, I happened to meet a good member of good friends when I set foot on my university’s beautiful campus. They are all helpful, energetic and intelligent. So, I have trouble pointing my finger at one particular friend who is the most inspiring one to me. After long deliberation, I decide to write about Jim, who is such a guy in some sense.I do have my reasons to take him as the most inspiring friend in the past three years of college. Firstly, he has an ability to manage his time and his priorities very well every day, so he is a good example in this sense to me, a lazy guy who is always desperate to fulfill my schedule. Secondly, Jim helps or leads me to success in my study, by encouraging and sometimes pushing me to form good learning habits. Thirdly, he has a positive attitude towards life, never complaining and always seeing thebright sides of things. I really want to learn to be a guy just like that.In the deep of my mind, I take Jim as one of my best friends.I learned a great deal from him. I feel comfortable staying and studying together with him. Rather, I should say, I am immensely motivated and inspired by him, in a serious sense.Part II Listening Comprehension 听力原文Section A1. W: When was the last time you bought me a flower? After our graduation from college and having been working for ten years, do you remember?M: Oh, sorry, darling. Which year did we finish our college?Q: What does the man imply?2. W: Come along, Jack, there’s a taxi coming to us.M: Ok, let’s hurry to catch it before others do. It’s hard to get one at this time of the rush hour in the morning.Q: What does the man most probably mean?3. M: A nita, it seems you’re heading for the library. Do you have much homework to do these days?W: Yes, I can’t complain. But, I have to finish reading those books on my reading list and hand in my term paper on American literature within two days.Q: What do we learn about the woman?4. W: Dealing with the statistics really bores me to death.I hope I can get done with it sooner.M: Relax! You know, we all have the same task. Just do it step by step. It will be done finally.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?5. W: Larry, you said you’d file your article to me before leaving yesterday. I didn’t find it in my inbox.M: I’m awfully sorry. I’m doing the final touch to the article. I promise, it will be good in a few minutes.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?6. M: I’m not surprised that you didn’t take interest in these programs of Spring Festival Gala. I know, you usually don’t like noisy TV programs.W: Don’t talk about me. It appears to me that you enjo yed them very much, indeed.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7. M: My life experience makes me realize that honesty always is the best policy.W: It seems you have an excessively positive understanding of that word.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?8. M: How many gifts should I prepare for our daughter’s graduation ceremony? She said she’d give one to each of her classmates.W: I think thirty five will do. Wait a second. Let’s get 5 more for her teachers.Q: What are the two speakers talking about? Conversation OneM: Have you heard about the too-pretty-to-work case on TV?A girl who is very pretty is actually fired by her employer. Can you believe that?W: That’s really weird. By law, one can’t be fired for hi s or her appearance. Employers can’t fire someone based on race, gender, age or disabilities.M: But, that happens frequently in our workplace. If one female employee’s clothes are too revealing, and her boss doesn’t like it, she’ll be somehow fired.W: There’s no accounting for tastes. But, it’s illegal to do that, firing someone for inappropriate clothes. I guess, there’re many similar cases like that.M: That’s for certain. It’s unacceptable in the eyes of some employers if one’s too attractive.But, being ugly is also not good by some employers’ standard.W: By the same line of reasoning, being too fat may also be a problem.M: That’s true. Employers refuse to hire or promote overweight people because of their body weight, especially overweight women.W: If that happens, those employers can also be criticized for their discrimination against women, not only for their illegal discrimination based on body weight.M: Other cases may open your eyes further. I have been told three times that someone is fired for his shoes, for being too short, and even for being too young.W: Wow, how can we deal with these sorts of discrimination? Maybe, it’s advisable for us to ask help from an employment lawyer before starting to hunt for a job.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What has law said about employers’ firing employees?10. Why are overweight women more likely to be fired than overweight male employees?11. What’s the woman’s suggestion to one who’s facing workplace discrimination?Conversation TwoW: Cycling in modern cities is very dangerous. A cyclist may run into traffic accidents and get seriously hurt. However, cycling has many potential plus points.M: As far as I know, the increase in the number of people who cycle, rather than drive, could not only reduce air pollution and green gas emissions, but also lower people’s risk of developing a number of diseases.W: Besides that, many studies in Copenhagen also found positive benefits of cycling. They found people who did not cycle to work experienced a 39% higher death rate than those who did. In other words, cycling extends people’s life span.M: That’s true. But, as you mentioned just now, cycling through heavy traffic may be rather dangerous. The question is, how can large cities do to make cycling safer and more attractive to people.W: The first idea occurring to me is that large cities have to do some work on urban design and relevant policies.M: I heard European cities like Paris have done a lot in these fields, to make cycling safe. Though many of the streets in Paris are centuries old, and comparatively speaking, very narrow, bike lanes have been prominently planned and marked. Although some lanes are often crazily disconnected, disappearing and appearing again in a seemingly random, it can be seen that Paris has achieved much in urban design.W: How about relevant policies in Paris? Are there policies established in favor of cycling?M: Yes, Paris did very well in this aspect. For example, by law, cars are required to drive under a speed limit of 30 kph. Otherwise, the driver will be fined heavily for speeding. It makes cyclists feel much safer, even cycling close to cars on the road.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What’s the dangerous side of cycling in modern cities?13. What can cycling help our environment?14. What’s true about bike lanes in Paris?15. What policy does Paris adopt for the benefit of cyclists?Section BPassage OneIt takes time and effort to nurture the parent-child relationship. As is well known, the quality of the relationship between parents and their children is often threatened by long, non-traditional work hours and the influence of social media. Spending more quality time with your child, engaged in activity or conversation, can help mend a troubled relationship.Research shows that effective communication is essential in building a strong parent-child relationship. Effective communication involves both speaking and listening to what others have to say. Parents of young children can effectively communicate with their children by inquiring about events in their lives and using play activities to strengthen communication. Adolescents can benefit from instructional, yet empathetic, discussions with parents, and they may resist parental communication that is overly authoritarian.Besides, improved communication and quality time spent between you and your child can enhance your relationship. On the contrary, a lack of attention can cause problems, including displays of acting-out behaviors, in the parent-child relationship, says child development assistant specialist Deborah Richardson. Acting out includes the demonstration of disruptive behaviors, such as violence toward others and defiance toward authority.What’s more, parents can use disciplinary strategies that teach their teens how to make wise choices as they become more independent, as opposed to simply utilizing strategies designed to keep teens obey their orders. Adolescence can be a frustrating time for both parents and teens, as parents realize that old disciplinary strategies no longer work, and teens struggle to balance their need for independence alongside parental rules.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What may lead up to a bad parent-child relationship?17. How can parents communicate effectively with their children?18. What’s mentioned about disciplinary strategies?Passage TwoDoes exercise slow the aging process? A study in 2008 found a big difference in the cells of those who enjoyed leisure time exercise compared to those who lounged on the couch in their spare time. The most active people showed a slowing of cell changes associated with aging: their cells appeared the same as sedentary people who were 10 years younger. This adds to the growing body of evidence that regular physical exercise cuts risks for aging-related illnesses such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.The study looked at the lifestyles and cells of 2,401 twins. By studying twins, the researchers knew they were looking at people who had similar genetic factors. They charted physical activity, smoking, socioeconomic status, differences in body mass index, weight, smoking and physical activity at work over the past 12 months. Then they looked within twins’ white blood cells. As people age, those cells get ragged and leads to damageof the genes. Previous research leads scientists to believe that the life of white blood cells gets shorter as people age, and it may be used as a marker for aging.The more active a participant was, the longer the life of white blood cells was when compared to those of a similar age who were less active. This finding stood up when comparing twin to twin when one was more active than the other. And, the active twin had healthier white blood cells, which means being 4 years younger, than their inactive twin.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What does the 2008 study tell us about active people?20. What can be concluded from the process of studying twins?21. What is said of white blood cells?Passage ThreeDo you know what the largest desert is in the world? To be considered a desert, an area must have less than 250 millimeters of annual rainfall. By that criterion, the continent ofAntarctica is the largest desert on Earth. Antarctica is the southernmost continent. At 14.0 million square km, it is the fifth-largest continent in area and the smallest by population. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice, which averages 1.6 km. Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent. It is considered a desert because its annual rainfall can be less than 51 millimeters in the interior. And there is little or no tall plants on its surface. There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 researchers inhabit the research stations scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted plants and animals survive here: penguins, seals, and so on.If you think that a desert cannot be covered in ice and snow, then the Sahara Desert would be the largest desert. The Sahara is what most people imagine when they think of a desert. It is the world’s largest hot weather desert, covering over9,400,000 square km. It is nearly as large as the United States. Some of the sand hills are 180 meters in height. Unlike Antarctica, the Sahara region is heavily populated. It is home to a number of people and languages. Arabic is the most widely spoken language. The Berber people are found from western Egypt to Morocco and the Beja live in the Red Sea Hills.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What’s said about Antarc tic?23. What’s mentioned about human residents on Antarctic?24. What’s true about the Sahara Desert?25. What’s the major difference between Antarctic and the Sahara Desert?Section CAs a parent, you may realize the crucial importance education has in our lives. However, your child may be 26. reluctant to listen to any of your arguments, thoughts, and ideas. A student 27. disinterested in education will miss college lectures and perform extremely poorly in assessments tests. In the worst cases, students may stop attending the school or college, and sit at home without any 28. concern for their career, education, and life. In order to motivate the students back to their college life and career, parents should first find out the 29. root causes of this lack of motivation.As listed below, there are two of the 30. prominent reasons that can cause students to be demotivated.Firstly, poor self-esteem. Low self-esteem in students forces them to 31. quit challenges and accept the path of least resistance. Even if these students try and complete some tasks, they are clouded by many negative thinking patterns that block the flow of confidence in their 32. personalities.Secondly, lack of love at home. Home is the first school for a kid, and every student expects a lot of support and love from parents. The environment of a home shapes a child’s attitude in the 33. initial years of life. A home where curiosity and education is given importance will 34. definitely motivate students to pursue academic challenges. If the parents are away from their kids, and are unaware of what their kid is doing in the school, then even the child feels neglected and 35. steps back from taking responsibilities and challenges. After all, parents are the biggest motivators.答案1. B2. C3. A4. B5. C6. D7. C8. B9. D 10. A11. C12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C16. A 17. B 18. C19. A 20.D21. C22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B26. reluctant 27. disinterested 28. concern 29. root causes 30. prominent31. quit 32. personalities 33. initial 34.definitely 35. steps back from36. J 37. C 38. A 39. N 40. H41. B 42. L 43. D 44.F 45. O46. G 47. F 48. H 49. N 50. I51. L 52. E 53. A 54.D 55. K56. A 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. B61. A 62. C 63. B 64.A 65. DPart IV TranslationThe China National Tourism Administration has deemed 2015 as the Year of Silk Road Tourism, and provinces along the ancient business route are promoting themed tours. Hainan is an important link in the Maritime Silk Road. Many heritages ofthe historic Maritime Silk Road are scattered among the cities in the province. Seven themed tours were recently launched in Hainan province by the local government to provide tourists an alternative to inland Silk Road travel. Starting from Quanzhou, the Maritime Silk Road stretches along the East and South China seas, passes the Malacca Strait, Indian Ocean and enters Europe through the Red Sea.。

2015年12⽉英语四级考试答案（卷⼆完整版）提⽰：考试采取"多题多卷"模式，试题顺序不统⼀，请依据试题进⾏核对。

Part I Writing 1.【题⼲】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Learning isa daily experience and a lifetime mission." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 【答案】 Undoubtedly, learning is a daily experience and lifetime mission. For instance, Madam Curie, who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity and became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, was known for her persistence in learning. Several reasons, both social and individual, could account for the importance of constant learning. Firstly, in an age of ruthless and relentless competition, only by learning constantly can we bring our potential and ability into full play and catch up with the times. Secondly, learning does not only help us acquire knowledge, but also enriches our lives and broadens our horizons. Thirdly, science and technology change with each passing day. Without constant learning, it would be impossible for us to update our knowledge. Accordingly, it is constant learning that really matters in achieving success in modern society. In my humble opinion, it is high time that parents and teachers made joint efforts to encourage children to read more books instead of playing computer games all day. Part II Listening Comprehension Section A 2.【题⼲】Question 1 【答案】B 3.【题⼲】Question 2 【答案】A 4.【题⼲】Question 3 【答案】C 5.【题⼲】Question 4 【答案】D 6.【题⼲】Question 5 【答案】B 7.【题⼲】Question 6 【答案】A 8.【题⼲】Question 7 【答案】D 9.【题⼲】Question 8 【答案】D 10.【题⼲】Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 9 【答案】B 11.【题⼲】Question 10 12.【题⼲】Question 11 【答案】A 13.【题⼲】Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 12 【答案】C 14.【题⼲】Question 13 【答案】B 15.【题⼲】Question 14 【答案】D 16.【题⼲】Question 15 【答案】C Section B 17.【题⼲】Passage One Question 16 【答案】B 18.【题⼲】Question 17 【答案】A 19.【题⼲】Question 18 【答案】D 20.【题⼲】Passage Two Question 19 【答案】B 21.【题⼲】Question 20 【答案】D 22.【题⼲】Question 21 【答案】C 23.【题⼲】Question 22 【答案】A 24.【题⼲】Passage Three Question 23 【答案】B 25.【题⼲】Question 24 【答案】B 26.【题⼲】Question 25 27.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】heavenly 28.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】fascinating 29.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】made up of 30.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】Now and then 31.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】combine with 32.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】generally 33.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】characteristics 34.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】phenomenon 35.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】naked 36.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】relatively 37.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】J 38.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】G 39.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】O 40.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】K 41.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】B 42.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】I 43.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】F 44.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】M 45.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】A 46.【题⼲】_____ 【答案】D 47.【题⼲】It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking. 【答案】G 48.【题⼲】What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing. 【答案】D 49.【题⼲】Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty. 【答案】A 50.【题⼲】It is human nature to seek joy in life. 【答案】F 51.【题⼲】Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients. 【答案】K 52.【题⼲】Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience. 【答案】L 53.【题⼲】Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education. 【答案】C 54.【题⼲】Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals. 【答案】I 55.【题⼲】In the so-called "effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules. 【答案】B 56.【题⼲】To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn. 【答案】J 57.【题⼲】What does the author think of time displayed everywhere? 【答案】C 58.【题⼲】How do people usually go about their work according to the author? 【答案】A 59.【题⼲】What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers? 【答案】D 60.【题⼲】What do the researchers say about today's business culture? 【答案】B 61.【题⼲】What do the researchers suggest? 【答案】D 62.【题⼲】What does the well-known columnist's remark about Martha Stewart suggest? 【答案】A 63.【题⼲】What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America? 【答案】B 64.【题⼲】What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record? 【答案】C 65.【题⼲】What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules? 【答案】D 66.【题⼲】What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage? 【答案】B 67.【题⼲】云南省的丽江古镇是中国的旅游⽬的地之⼀。

2015年12月大学英语四级考试模考卷二Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Honesty Should Be Treasured by commenting on the saying “A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.Honesty Should Be Treasured_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A) He hasn’t eaten well recently. C) He can’t stop searching for work yet.B) He’s been helping his sister a lot. D) He’s been working on his paper constantly.2. A) The meals served at school taste bad. C) The prize will be awarded next term.B) The price of school meals will be higher. D) The school meals have been sold out.3. A) Buy a newspaper. C) Stand near the store.B) Ask for directions. D) Help others more often.4. A) Borrowed some books from the woman. C) Lent the woman some books.B) Given the woman a book bag. D) Gone away for the weekend.5. A) The woman is a close friend of the man. C) The woman is seeing a doctor.B) The woman has been working too hard. D) The woman is tired of her work.6. A) There is enough spare time to fix the projector.B) There is another projector the man can use.C) The presentation can be given in another room.D) She is going out to order a spare projector.7. A) The man wants to review the woman’s outline first.B) The man has expected to receive the report earlier.C) The woman needs to review the report again.D) The woman has completed more work than the man.8. A) He doesn’t like to travel in heavy rain.B) He wonders whether the thunderstorm will cause damage.C) He won’t be able to watch the weather report.D) He will get home before the storm begins.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) The college doesn’t have any rock-climbing equipment.B) Not many students are interested in it.C) There is no one to teach them how to do it.D) There are no appropriate places for rock-climbing nearby.10. A) Climbers develop skills useful in other activities.B) Climbers have the opportunity to be outside and enjoy the scenery.C) Climbing isn’t as expensive as other sports.D) Learning to climb doesn’t take a very long time.11. A) Finding a climbing partner. C) Increasing upper-body strength.B) Selecting the appropriate equipment. D) Discussing popular climbing sites.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) He can’t find his office key. C) He is unable to talk.B) He has misplaced some exams. D) He doesn’t like his classroom.13. A) Mark the latest homework assignment.B) Put a cancellation notice on the classroom door.C) Make an appointment with the doctor.D) Return exam papers to his students.14. A) Teach Don’s class while he’s absent.B) Give Professor Webster the key to Don’s office.C) Leave a message on the board in Don’s classroom.D) Bring Don the homework that was due that day.15. A) To give Don’s students the next assignment.B) To leave the master key for Don.C) To put the homework on Don’s desk.D) To call Don at the end of the afternoon.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) The replacement of the harpsichord by the piano.B) The development of electronic musical instruments.C) The relative costs of different types of musical instruments.D) The performance of classical music on synthesizers.17. A) He is surprised by it. C) He thinks it is too soon to tell.B) He disagrees with it. D) He is alarmed by it.18. A) In the early nineteenth century. C) In the early twentieth century.B) In the late nineteenth century. D) In the mid-twentieth century.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Because it was too heavy. C) Because its string was short.B) Because it did not bend easily. D) Because it did not shoot far.20. A) It went out of use 300 years ago. C) It was discovered before fire and the wheel.B) It was invented after the short bow. D) It is still in use today.21. A) They are accurate and easy to pull. C) They are usually used indoors.B) Their shooting range is 40 yards. D) It took 100 years to develop them.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) A recipe for a soft drink. C) The history of cola.B) The medicinal effects of cola. D) Soft-drink production.23. A) As a soft drink. C) As flavored hard candy.B) As a medicine. D) As a cooking oil.24. A) He sold cola to doctors. C) He suffered from severe headaches.B) He was a drug store clerk. D) He developed the cola syrup.25. A) By mixing it with special oils. C) By adding soda water.B) By heating it. D) By combining it with different flavors.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.More than 600 million people worldwide work (26) ______ long hours and Britons are the worst (27) ______ among rich nations. An International Labor Organization report on working (28) ______ shows that more than a quarter of British workers put in more than 48 hours a week.The study by the United Nations agency covered 50 countries (29) ______. “The good news is that progress has been made in regulating normal working hours in developing and transition countries,” said Jon C. Messenger, co-author of the study. “But overall the findings of this study are definitely worrying. ”And progress towards a maximum 48-hour week was still (30) ______ nearly 100 years after the standard was agreed by members, the ILO report said. It pointed to the growth of service industries, such as tourism and transport, and the expanding informal economy, where workers are not (31) ______, contributed to longer working hours. Both elements are signs of increasing globalization, it said.Topping the results of the study were Peruvians with more than half of them working more than 48 hours each and every week. They are (32) ______ South Koreans (49.5 per cent), Thais (46.7 per cent) and Pakistanis (44.4 per cent).In developed countries, where working hours are (33) ______, 25.7 per cent of British workers put in more than 48 hours a week followed by Israelis (25.5 per cent), Australians (20.4 per cent), Swiss (19.2 per cent) and U.S. workers (18.1 per cent).The ILO (34) ______ that shorter working hours benefit workers’health and family lives, reduce accidents at the workplace and generally make workers more (35) ______.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school ___36___, however, has no such choice, for the job must be ___37___ on at the same time. Because we depend so ___38___ upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce ___39___ in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to support, and when necessary, to ___40___ the work of experts. The public school must educate both producers and users of scientific services.In education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such balance is ___41___ by too much emphasis on any one field. This question of balance involves not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative ___42___ among the natural sciences themselves.Similarly, we must have a balance between current and ___43___ knowledge. The attention of the public is ___44___ drawn to new possibilities in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, ___45___ materials that form the basis of courses for beginners.A) awardedB) heavilyC) classicalD) displayE) establishedF) systemG) involvedH) defeatedI) continuallyJ) speciallyK) emphasesL) establishmentM) specialistsN) carriedO) judgeSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Land of the Wasted TalentJapanese firms face a demographic catastrophe. The solution is to treat women better.A) Unlike an earthquake, a demographic (人口的) disaster does not strike without warning. Japan’s population of 127m is predicted to fall to 90m by 2050. As recently as 1990, working-age Japanese outnumbered children and the elderly by seven to three. By 2050 the ratio will be one to one. As Japan grows old and feeble, where will its companies find dynamic, energetic workers?B) For a company president pondering this question over a laboriously prepared breakfast of steamed rice, broiled salmon, miso soup (味噌汤) and artistically presented pickles, the answer is literally staring him in the face. Half the talent in Japan is female. “Outside the kitchen, those talents are woefully underemployed”, as Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Laura Sherbin of the Centre for Work-Life Policy, an American think-tank, show in a new study called “Off-Ramps and On-Ramps: Japan”.C) Nearly half of Japanese university graduates are female but only 67% of these women have jobs, many of which are part-time or involve serving tea. Japanese women with degrees are muchmore likely than Americans (74% to 31%) to quit their jobs voluntarily. Whereas most Western women who take time off do so to look after children, Japanese women are more likely to say that the strongest push came from employers who do not value them. A startling 49% of highly educated Japanese women who quit do so because they feel their careers have stalled (止步不前).D) The Japanese workplace is not quite as sexist as it used to be. Pictures of naked women, ubiquitous (普遍存在的) on salarymen’s desks in the 1990s, have been removed. Most companies have rules against sexual discrimination. But educated women are often shunted into dead-end jobs. Old-fashioned bosses see their role as prettifying the office and forming a pool of potential marriage partners for male employees. And a traditional white-collar working day makes it hard to pick up the kids from school.E) Even if the company rule book says that flexitime is allowed, those who work from home are seen as uncommitted to the team. Employees are expected to show their faces before 9am, typically after a long commute on a train so packed that the gropers cannot tell whom they are groping. Staff are also under pressure to stay late, regardless of whether they have work to do: nearly 80% of Japanese men get home after 7pm, and many attend semi-compulsory drinking binges in hostess bars until the small hours. Base salaries are low; salarymen are expected to fill their pay packets by putting in heroic amounts of overtime.F) Besides finding these hours just a bit inconvenient, working mothers are unlikely to get much help at home from their husbands. Japanese working mums do four hours of child care and housework each day—eight times as much as their spouses. Thanks to restrictive immigration laws, they cannot hire cheap help. A Japanese working mother cannot sponsor a foreign nanny for a visa, though it is not hard for a nightclub owner to get “entertainer” visas for young Filipinas in short skirts. That says something about Japanese lawmakers’ priorities. And it helps explain why Japanese women struggle to climb the career ladder: only 10% of Japanese managers are female, compared with 46% in America.G) Japanese firms are careful to recycle paper but careless about wasting female talent. Some 66% of highly educated Japanese women who quit their jobs say they would not have done so if their employers had allowed flexible working arrangements. The vast majority (77%) of women who take time off work want to return. But only 43% find a job, compared with 73% in America. Of those who do go back to work, 44% are paid less than they were before they took time off, and 40% have to accept less responsibility or a less prestigious title. Goldman Sachs estimates that if Japan made better use of its educated women, it would add 8.2m brains to the workforce and expand the economy by 15%—equivalent to about twice the size of the country’s motor industry.H) What can be done? For Japanese women, the best bet is to work for a foreign company. Two-thirds of university-educated Japanese women see European or American firms as more female-friendly than Japanese ones. Foreign firms in Japan (and similarly sexist South Korea) see a wealth of undervalued clever women and make a point of hiring them. One woman who switched from a Japanese bank to a foreign one marvelled that: “The women here have opinions. They talk back. They are direct.”I) Japanese companies have much to learn from the gaijin (外国人). IBM Japan encourages flexitime. BMKK, the Japanese arm of Bristol-Myers Squibb, a drug firm, has a programme to woo back women who have taken maternity leave. Why can’t native Japanese firms do likewise?A few, such as Shiseido, a cosmetics firm, try hard. But apparently small concessions to work-life balance can require a big change in the local corporate mindset. Working from home should be easy: everyone has broadband (宽带). “But Japanese bosses are not used to judging people by their performance”, sighs Yoko Ishikura, an expert on business strategy at Keio University.J) The firms that make the best use of female talent are often those where women can find sponsors. Most of the women interviewed for the study by Ms Hewlett and Ms Sherbin who got back on the career track after time off did so because a manager remembered how good they were and lobbied for them to be rehired. Eiko, one of the women interviewed, felt pressure from her male colleagues to quit when she became pregnant and announced that she was leaving to do an MBA. Her clear-sighted boss realised that this was not what she really wanted to do. He suggested leaving Tokyo and working at another branch with a more supportive atmosphere. Eiko transferred to Hong Kong, where career women are admired and nannies are cheap.46. It is difficult for a traditional white-collar woman during working hours to collect children from school in Japan.47. If employers had arranged flexible working time for Japanese women, about 66% of them with higher education would not have quitted their jobs.48. Two-thirds of Japanese women who get university education think European or American companies are more friendly to women than Japanese ones.49. Eiko’s boss proposed that Eiko should leave Tokyo for another sub-company where the atmosphere was more supportive.50. In Japan, working mothers spend four hours looking after their children and doing housework per day, which is seven times more than their husbands.51. It is in those firms where women can get support that their talent is made the best use of.52. The number of working-age Japanese is much greater than that of children and the senior people in 1990.53. Even though the company rule book allows Japanese women to work flexitime, women working from home are regarded as not devoting themselves to the team.54. Almost 50% of Japanese university graduates are women, only 67% of them have jobs.55. It is apparent that small concessions to keep a balance between work and life can demand local firms in Japan change their mindset greatly.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity (创造力) has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons, may before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (调解) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based on dogmatic (教条式的) statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them fanatically (狂热地) that they are willing to go to war in support of them.The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace (老生常谈) that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between Man and the atom bomb.56. This passage implies that war now is ______.A) worse than in the past C) not so dangerous as in the pastB) as bad as in the past D) as necessary as in the past57. In the sentence “To do this, we need to persuade mankind... ” (Line 6, Para. 1), “this” refersto ______.A) solving international problems C) abolishing warB) improving weapons D) living a peaceful life58. From Paragraph 2 we learn that the author of the passage ______.A) is a supporter of some modern ideologiesB) does not think that the adoption of any ideology could prevent warC) believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent warD) has no doubt about the truth of any ideologies59. The last paragraph suggests that ______.A) international agreements can be reached more easily nowB) man begins to realize the danger of nuclear warC) nuclear war will definitely not take placeD) world opinion welcomes nuclear war60. According to the author, ______.A) war is the only way to solve international disputesB) war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weaponsC) it is impossible for man to live without warD) war must be abolished if man wants to survivePassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or material adversely (有害地). Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled—a far cry (悬殊的差别) from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor (水蒸气) might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations (浓度) of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical (生物地球化学的) cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature’s output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.In this localized region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious (有害的) chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.61. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______.A) water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areasB) the definition of air pollution will continue to changeC) a substance becomes an air pollutant only in citiesD) most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled62. In what way can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?A) They function as part of a purification process.B) They are dwarfed by the pollutants produced by human activities.C) They are less harmful to living beings than are other pollutants.D) They have existed since the Earth developed.63. According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance isonly useful if ______.A) the other substances in the area are knownB) it is a localized areaC) it can be calculated quicklyD) the naturally occurring level is also known64. Which of the following is best supported by the passage?A) To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly revise the air pollutionlaws.B) One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce airpollution laws.C) Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.D) Human activities have great impact on air pollution.65. The passage mainly discusses ______.A) the economic impact on air pollutionB) what constitutes an air pollutantC) how much damage air pollutants can causeD) the quantity of compounds added to the atmospherePart IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.微博(Micro-blog)的出现让人类的生活变得更加便捷和丰富多彩。