北京市高考英语二轮复习专题精讲 第8讲 阅读理解1(上)(1)

2023-2024学年北京全部地区人教版高考专题英语高考复习1.书面表达第1题.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

续写的词数应为150左右。

When I was a little girl, I had a calf（小牛）named Tiny. I loved Tiny as much as any kid loved their dog.The grass was still frosty（结霜的）in the morning when Dad showed me how to teach Tiny how to drink from a bucket. First I mixed up formula milk powder（配方奶粉）for her; Belle had her own calf, and we needed some of her milk for the house, so Tiny drank formula. I used warm water so Tiny would think she was drinking from her mother, then I wet my fingers with the formula and put them in front of Tiny's nose. She gave a little sniff （嗅）, licked（舔）my fingers, then got all my fingers into her mouth and started sucking （吮吸）them like there was no tomorrow.Slowly I lowered my hand into the bucket as Tiny kept on sucking. Then I pulled my fingers out. Eventually, Tiny didn't need my fingers at all, but I still let her suck on them, because by then it just felt like her way of saying she loved me, too.Dad lifted Tiny up and moved her around, just like she was one of his own kids. I lifted Tiny too, but it was hard for me to walk with her, probably because I was a whole lot shorter than Dad. "If you lift Tiny every day, you'll be able to lift a full-grown cow," Dad told me, "But you have to lift her every day."Twice a day and sometimes more, I went out to the barn（牲口房）to feed Tiny and lifted her up as far as I could, burying my nose in her soft hair that smelled like fresh straw and damp skin. If she was lying down, I sat right beside her and told her all about my day in a soft voice. I liked being in the barn anyway, especially when Dad was there.Paragraph 1:Then we went on vacation camping. ________Paragraph 2:I arrived home at last! ________【答案】Paragraph 1:Then we went on vacation camping. It was what I'd been expecting for so long. But when the dream came true, I was hesitating whether to leave or not. Dad said we would be staying out for a whole week. In the next three days. I couldn't wait to hurry back home though Dad was against my crazy idea. On the way back, I kept asking myself the question, "Will Tiny miss me while I'm not with her?"Paragraph 2:I arrived home at last! Throwing my luggage onto the floor, I rushed into the barn where I saw Tiny. She looked a little thinner than before. At the sound of my steps, she looked up excitedly and tried to rise from the ground, but in vain. She simply touched my fingers with her nose. I failed to lift her due to her heavy weight but I still managed to feed her with newly-bought foods during my vacation. She felt quite better in no time.【解答】Paragraph 1:Then we went on vacation camping. It was what I'd been expecting for so long. But when the dream came true, I was hesitating whether to leave or not. Dad said we would be staying out for a whole week. In the next three days. I couldn't wait to hurry back home though Dad was against my crazy idea. On the way back, I kept asking myself the question, "Will Tiny miss me while I'm not with her?"Paragraph 2:I arrived home at last! Throwing my luggage onto the floor, I rushed into the barn where I saw Tiny. She looked a little thinner than before. At the sound of my steps, she looked up excitedly and tried to rise from the ground, but in vain. She simply touched my fingers with her nose. I failed to lift her due to her heavy weight but I still managed to feed her with newly-bought foods during my vacation. She felt quite better in no time.第2题.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

课时08 完形填空（二）-解题技巧Ⅰ.阅读理解AIt's that time of year when people need to lock their cars. Is it because there are many criminals stealing cars？Not indeed. Rather，it's because of good­hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest.Sharon recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had eaten and canned so many that they'd begun to feel their skin turn slightly red. That's when she decided it was time to share he r blessings. Eventually she found a neighbor willing to have the tomatoes. “Feel free to take whatever you want，”Sharon told her. Later that day，Sharon found that her garden had indeed been harvested. She thought it a good way to help someone and the food didn't go to waste.A few days later，the neighbor knocked at the door，holding a loaf of bread：“I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes，and I have to admit that I took a few other things and hoped you wouldn't mind.” Sharon couldn't think of anything in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said so. “But you did，”the neighbor said. “You had some of the prettiest zucchini.”Sharon was confused. She hadn't even planted any zucchini. But her neighbor insisted that there were bright green zucchini. Sharon's curiosity got the better of her and she had to go to see where the zucchini had grown. When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables，Sharon smiled. “Well，actually，those are cucumbers that we never harvested，because they got too big，soft and bitter.”The neighbor looked at Sharon，shock written all over her face. She hesitated a few times，and then smiling，held out the bread，part of a batch (一批生产量) she had shared all over the neighborhood，“I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it.”[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是Sharon与邻里分享菜园收获的趣事。

北京2023英语高考试题阅读表达题解析一、阅读理解A篇解析文章主题：社会现象与文化交流文章主要讨论了当今社会中一种普遍的现象——文化交流。

通过描述一位在中国生活多年的外国人在春节期间经历的事情，文章向我们展示了文化交流如何影响人们的生活。

解题思路：1. 关注文章的主题和关键信息，如“文化交流”、“春节”、“外国人”等。

2. 仔细阅读文章中的细节，如外国人的经历、人们的反应等，以理解文章的主旨。

3. 根据题目要求，选择正确答案。

答案：A二、阅读理解B篇解析文章主题：环境保护与可持续发展这篇文章讨论了环境保护和可持续发展的重要性，以及如何通过改变生活方式来实现这一目标。

解题思路：1. 关注文章中的关键信息，如“环境保护”、“可持续发展”、“生活方式”等。

2. 仔细阅读文章中的具体例子和数据，以深入理解文章内容。

3. 根据题目要求，选择正确答案。

答案：C三、完形填空解析文章主题：人性与情感这篇完形填空文章讲述了一个关于人性与情感的故事，通过描述主人公的经历，让我们思考人类情感的重要性。

解题思路：1. 仔细阅读文章，理解故事情节和人物关系。

2. 根据上下文线索，选择正确的答案。

3. 关注文章中的连词、代词等线索，以确定正确答案。

答案：D (名词或动词)四、作文题目解析与范文展示写作主题：人生价值观与行动准则题目要求是让我们阐述并解释自己的价值观和行动准则在人生中的重要性，并提出具体实例加以说明。

这需要我们思考自己的成长经历和人生观，以及如何将这些价值观和行动准则应用到日常生活中。

范文展示：题目：人生价值观与行动准则在我的人生中，我一直坚信价值观和行动准则的重要性。

它们是我行为的指南，也是我在困难时刻做出正确选择的基石。

我的价值观主要包括诚实、尊重、责任和爱心。

这些价值观在我成长的过程中起到了关键的作用。

记得在我还是个孩子的时候，我曾经因为捡到了一块钱而感到非常开心。

但是，我很快意识到这是因为我缺乏对他人财产的尊重。

2024北京高三二模英语汇编阅读理解A篇一、阅读理解（2024北京顺义高三二模）Have you considered contributing your skills and expertise virtually towards achieving sustainable human development efforts? Through the Online V olunteering service of the United Nations V olunteers (UNV) programme, you can connect with UN agencies, governments, public institutions and civil society organizations — from any device, anywhere in the world. While extending your network, you can also get first-hand practical experience.Requirements:·To sign up on the Unified V olunteering Platform and apply for Online V olunteer assignments, you must be at least 18 years of age.·There is no particular background required to become an Online V olunteer. Each Online V olunteer assignment is different and has its own requirements, set by the host organization.· As an Online V olunteer, you can only support organizations remotely in assignments up to 20 hours per week for a maximum of 12 weeks for each assignment.Criteria and service rules:· Online V olunteers are not under contract with the UNV programme or the engaging organization.· Online V olunteers do not receive any kind of financial benefits.·For each Online V olunteering assignment, a maximum of 25 Online V olunteers can be engaged.Procedures:· Volunteers find assignments of their interest and apply.· Organizations select the volunteers they want to engage.· Volunteers and organizations work together online.· Volunteers and organizations provide feedback on their cooperation.· Organizations issue an electronic certificate of appreciation to their volunteers.1．Through the UNV programme, one can ______.A．travel around the world B．improve their network skillsC．set up civil society organizations D．work on sustainable development2．Which is a requirement for the applicants?A．Being no less than 18 years.B．Finishing 25 online assignments.C．Working at least 20 hours a week.D．Having some practical experience.3．When working in the UNV programme, volunteers will ______.A．sign a contract with an organizationB．find tasks of their interest and applyC．get a paper certificate of appreciationD．receive some kind of financial benefits（2024北京丰台高三二模）Around the world, coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are in danger. Now, let’s check out a fewways conservationists are protecting these habitats.Seaweed SmackdownHot ocean temperatures can supercharge seaweed growth — and that’s not good for a reef. So, in Hawaii, scientists have used an underwater vacuum (真空吸器) to suck up lots of seaweed into the device’s long tube. In Australia, scientists are studying a low-tech solution: pulling seaweed by hand.21Some polyps (珊瑚虫) are harmed by heat waves and pollution. Scientists cut parts of coral from a healthy reef. Then these polyps are taken to a nursery, which could be in shallow protected areas underwater. After about a year, the healthy coral parts are attached to damaged reefs. The nursery-grown corals can bring new life to a struggling habitat.Sound SaverHealthy reefs are noisy. Fish make different sounds, and thousands of shrimp create and pop bubbles with their claws to create a sound. The biologists play sounds of healthy reefs through underwater speakers. They found that six weeks of broadcasting healthy reef sounds doubled the amount of fish in the area.Bleaching KillerOne of the biggest threats to coral reefs is bleaching. Here’s how it works.themake food for the coral bythenowhere else, so they can survive heat waves. Biologists hope their work will inspire governments and environmental groups to protect these corals.4．Which of the following might be the subtitle of Paragraph 3?A．Underwater Nurseries.B．Fishing Guides.C．Seaweed Cleaners.D．Colour Designers.5．What can mainly help stop corals bleaching?A．Breathing in more oxygen.B．Changing the appearance.C．Absorbing more sound.D．Partnering with algae.6．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A．To present the serious damages to corals.B．To explain the reasons for coral habitat loss.C．To introduce the methods of coral protection.D．To compare the effects of different solutions.（2024北京昌平高三二模）Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience to inspire your college essays? Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? If so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. It’s a program created and run by Boston University,where high school students:● Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who have shared in Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting.● Report on actual events around Boston or your hometown.● Place stories with Boston’s Daily Free Press, one of the top college newspapers.● Improve their writing, interviewing, and research skills — applicable for any major and career.The academy offers two options: an on-campus, residential program over three weeks for students with journalism experience, and a learn-from-home program over two weeks for all experience levels. For students interested in photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option is organized in three sections:● Classroom starts each day with a review of journalism fundamentals in a collegiate format. A university-level journalism textbook provides daily readings and writing assignments.● Newsroom provides time for students to apply what they learn in the Classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interview s and gather information.● Guest Talks offer students advice and insight from journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and studying journalism in college. Sessions feature a Guest Talk during each three-week session from journalism experts. Students also visit city newsrooms to hear from famous reporters.Applications for the on-campus session June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions starting June 17, July 1 and July 15 are due: May 10.● On Campus, residential: Three weeks, including tuition（学费）, activity fees, room and board: $ 6,200. （$ 400 discounts for Early Bird applicants by Mar 8!）Learn-from-Home: Two weeks, tuition: $ 1,500. （$200 discounts for Early Bird applicants by Mar 8!）7. In the program, participants can ______.A. develop their interviewing skillsB. finish their college essays with helpC. get inspiration from retired journalistsD. publish stories in Boston official website8. If one chooses to learn in on-campus program, one needs to ______.A. pay at most $ 1,500B. apply before May 10C. have journalism experienceD. have knowledge in photography9. What will the three sections provide for participants?A. Advice and insight from top photographers.B. Reviews of reading and writing fundamentals.C. A weekly talk with leading journalism experts.D. Chances to put journalism knowledge into practice.（2024北京朝阳高三二模）Do you want to boost your ATAR, a rank which indicates the overall achievements of all Year 12 students in Australia, and get a preview of university life? When you join the Deakin Accelerate Program, you’ll get a head start by completing two first-year university units while you’re still a high school student.How Deakin Accelerate Program worksYou’ll study two first-year university units through the program. If you choose to study and experience university life on campus, you’ll attend classes and conferences during the day. Or if studying online is more accessible for you, complete the program online in your free time at school or after hours when it suits you.No matter how you choose to study, you’ll benefit from our online learning platform, which allows you to access classes, workshops, resources and more. Whether you’re using your desktop,tablet or mobile, you’ll have access to course content all year round and get answers in real time.After successfully completing your Accelerate units, you’ll gain credits which you can put towards a related Deakin university course. Plus, there is no charge for that.Apply to the Deakin Accelerate Program if you’re:Ÿ a high achiever with above-average Year 11 results;Ÿ looking for an extra challenge in high school;Ÿ a self-starter who can work independently;Ÿ keen to make a head start on your university degree.To be qualified for the program, you must:Ÿ be completing Year 12 in 2024;Ÿ meet the high school subject requirement;Ÿ attain a minimum average grade of 65% across your subjects.For more information about the Deakin Accelerate Program, you can read our FAQs or get in touch using our online inquiry form.❖Submit an inquiry10. What benefit do participants gain from the Deakin Accelerate Program?A. Receiving a preview of their ATAR.B. Experiencing different learning styles.C. Completing two years’ university units.D. Earning credits towards university courses.11. What is available for participants on the online learning platform?A. Real-time response.B. Guidance on using devices.C. High school course content.D. An online learning schedule.12. Which is a requirement for the applicants?A. Submitting an inquiry form.B. Graduating from university in 2024.C. Having started to study for a university degree.D. Achieving an average score of at least 65% in all subjects.（2024北京东城高三二模）Over 1.000 of these yellow robots, Spot, are already checking factories and power plants.And now the New York City Fire Department is starting to use the dog-like devices for search-and-rescue missions.In April 2024, a Spot surveyed the remains of a collapsed car park that was considered too unstable for fire crews to enter. Spot can also send back video footage, carry up to 14 kg and. when fitted with an add-on “arm”, open doors and press switches.Lightning SwarmInspired by fireflies, these robots are tiny and can give out light in various colours.The scientists intend the robots to use their lights to signal to and track each other: a low-power communication strategy for a lightweight robot.“We envision sending hundreds or more of these tiny flying robots into a disaster site, and having them collectively search for survivors,” says MIT robotics engineer Prof Kevin Chen. “Once a survivo r is found, they’ll pass the information out to the operators.”Trail BlazersAt the Bajiao Firc Rescue Station, in Yantai, northeast China. a firefighter tests out a fire-fighting robot.For a few years, China has been promoting the technology, which allows humanfirefighters to stay safely outside the danger zone while controlling robot firefighters to put out fires at chemical plants and in subways. One major advantage of this approach is fire resistance — Trail Blazers can work at temperatures of 1,000℃ for over 30 mins.RoosterThanks to its clever design, Rooster can roll across surfaces or fly around to examine almost any type of disaster site, moving through narrow passages and windows, or overobstacles and up or down staircases.Designed to assist in search operations, the robot uses cameras and sensors to scan a space, so that rescuers don’t need to enter dangerous areas. Rooster can also communicate with search teams and other robots via a radio link.13. Which robots can work in the air?A. Spot and Trail Blazers.B. Spot and Lightning Swarm.C. Rooster and Trail Blazers.D. Rooster and Lightning Swarm.14. What do these robots have in common?A. They can send radio signals.B. They are fitted with cameras.C. They can help conduct rescues.D. They are modelled after animals.15. This passage is probably from ______.A. a science magazineB. a test reportC. an operating handbookD. a modern fiction（2024北京海淀高三二模）UN FAO World Food Day Poster Contest applications are now being accepted. Try to picture a future where everyone has access to food and water. What comes to mind? You may help create a sustainable future by taking appropriate action. Create a poster showing your water action for food as part of the World Food Day Poster Contest to showcase your artistic talent.Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialized agency that leads international efforts to end hunger, promote nutrition, and ensure food security.Procedure and BenefitsFill out the form on our website, take a picture of or scan your submission, and submit it on line. The screening committee will choose 15 posters from each category for the first round (a total of 60 posters from 4 age categories), and those chosen will be notified in December 2024. A certificate for this accomplishment will be given to the shortlisted individuals. Winners will be highlighted on the FAO social media channels and by regional FAO offices.Our judges will choose three winners in each age group, and they will be revealed in December. The winners will also get a diploma and a surprise gift package, as well as promotion from FAO offices throughout the world.Entry Requirements●The entry period will open on June 1, 2024, and end on November 3, 2024.●Per individual, only one entry may be submitted.●Poster entries may be painted, sketched, or drawn using oil or watercolor paint as well asmixed media, pens, pencils, crayons, or charcoal. Artwork produced digitally is also acceptable. No photos are permitted.●Text may or may not be included in poster entries. Use of text is limited to no more than 25 words.●Never mention private information such as names, schools, ages, etc.●Please do not send in physical posters; only digital files saved as JPEGs will be allowed.16. By taking part in the contest, participants can ．A．show their cooking talent B．contribute to food sustainabilityC．raise their nutritional awareness D．have more access to food and water17. The final winners of the contest will be ．A．promoted globally B．informed before DecemberC．invited to regional FAO offices D．decided by FAO after three rounds18. Which of the following posters meets the entry requirements?A．B．C．D．（2024北京西城高三二模）Museum ToursThere are many ways to visit SAAM and the Renwick Gallery and they’re all free!Gallery Tours for All Ages●Group ToursGroup tours are available by request for adult groups of eight or more. Choose from a variety of themes, including current special exhibitions. Request 3 to 4 weeks in advance.●Walk-in ToursWalk-in tours are sometimes available. Check with the Information Desk when you arrive. If a walk-in tour is scheduled for that day:SAAM walk-in tours start at 12:30 to 1:30 p.m. and 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. every day of the week and 4:00 to 5:00 p.m. Thursday through Sunday.Renwick walk-in tours start at 12:00 to 1:00 p.m. every day except Sunday. There are no tours on Sundays.●Self-guided ToursSelf-guided tours using your smartphone are available throughout SAAM. Scan the QR codes to bring lots of information to your fingertips!Access ProgramsFree tours are available online and in our galleries at SAAM or the Renwick Gallery:–in American Sign Language (ASL);–for people with low vision;–for people with mental disorders and their care partners.There is no minimum group size for Access tours.School ToursWe welcome learners of all abilities and from all settings. School tours at SAAM and the Renwick Gallery are:–for kindergarten through college;–in line with national curriculum standards;–interactive and interdisciplinary.School tours last 60 minutes. Want more time in the galleries? Ask about additional activities. Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance.Virtual Programs●Online School Tours:–for 3rd grade through 12th grade;–in line with national curriculum standards;–40 to 60 minutes long.Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance.Online Adult Tours:–available by request;–45 to 60 minutes long;–focus on a variety of themes, including highlights and special exhibitions;–interactive and conversational.Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance.19. If you want to take a walk-in tour, you can visit the SAAM Gallery at ______.A. 12:00 pm on MondayB. 4:30 pm on WednesdayC. 1:00 pm on SundayD. 3:30 pm on Tuesday20. What do we know about the Access Programs?A. Tours are available in English only.B. There is a minimum group size of 8 for Access tours.C. People with mental illness can visit the galleries with their care partners.D. People with poor sight cannot have access to the free tours in the galleries.21. From the passage, we can know ______.A. SAAM and the Renwick Gallery offer paid tours for adult groupsB. school tours are consistent with educational curriculum standardsC. requests for online tours should be made at least 3 weeks in advanceD. visitors can use smartphones to enjoy self-guided tours in Renwick Gallery参考答案1．D 2．A 3．B【导语】本文为一篇应用文。

2021年高考英语二轮复习专题08阅读填空练含解析202103071144【2021·北京卷】第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）依照短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为余外选项。

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night`s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 【答案】71C 72E 73F 74G 75B【解析】73.依照下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论，正好F项中有，故选F。

2023高考英语北京卷阅读理解解析一、文体分析本文为一篇高考英语北京卷的阅读理解题解析文章。

该文章包含了对阅读理解题目的详细分析和解答，旨在帮助考生更好地理解题目，提高阅读理解能力。

二、题目分析1. 第一篇阅读理解题目题目要求考生阅读一篇关于环境变化对动物栖息地的影响的文章，并回答相应的问题。

文章中提到了环境变化对动物栖息地的两种影响，分别是对栖息地的破坏和改变，以及对动物种裙数量和行为的影响。

题目要求考生理解并回答相应的问题，考查考生的阅读理解能力和表达能力。

2. 第二篇阅读理解题目题目要求考生阅读一篇对于中学生心理健康的分析，文章中提到了中学生心理健康问题的根源、表现以及解决方法，题目要求考生理解并回答相应的问题，考查考生的阅读理解能力和思辨能力。

三、解题技巧1. 仔细阅读题目在解答阅读理解题目时，考生应该先仔细阅读题目要求，理解需要回答的问题是什么，然后再进行阅读文章，有针对性地进行信息搜索和理解。

2. 注意题目要求阅读理解题目往往会有多个要求，包括观点分析、信息细节理解、逻辑推理等。

考生在阅读文章时应该根据题目要求有针对性地寻找答案，不要偏离主题。

3. 多练习阅读理解能力需要通过大量的练习来提高。

考生可以多做真题和模拟题，培养自己的阅读速度和理解能力。

四、结语阅读理解是英语考试中的重要部分，也是考查学生综合语言能力的重要方面。

通过对阅读理解题目的深入分析和解答，可以帮助考生提高阅读理解能力，增强对文章内容的理解和把握。

希望考生能够认真对待阅读理解题目，不断提高自己的阅读理解能力，在考试中取得更好的成绩。

五、解析第一篇阅读理解题目在第一篇阅读理解题目中，要求考生阅读一篇关于环境变化对动物栖息地的影响的文章，并回答问题。

在这篇文章中，我们可以看到环境变化对动物栖息地的两种影响：一是对栖息地的破坏和改变，二是对动物种裙数量和行为的影响。

在这种情况下，考生在阅读文章时需要仔细理解文章内容，理解环境变化对动物栖息地的实际影响，包括破坏和改变栖息地的具体方式，以及如何影响动物的种裙数量和行为。

2024北京高三二模英语汇编阅读表达一、阅读表达（2024北京顺义高三二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

Uncertainty is all around us,never more so than today.Whether it concerns your health or relationships,much of what lies ahead in life remains uncertain.We’re all different in how much uncertainty we can tolerate in life.Some people seem to enjoy taking risks and living unpredictable lives,while others find the randomness of life deeply annoying.But all of us have a limit.If you feel controlled by uncertainty and worry,it’s important to know that you’re not alone;many of us are in the same boat.To cope with all this uncertainty,many of us use worrying as a tool for trying to predict the future and avoid unpleasant surprises.Worrying can make it seem like you have some control over uncertain circumstances.You may also believe that it will help you find a solution to your problems or prepare you for the worst.Unfortunately,long-term worrying just robs you of enjoyment in the present and weakens your energy.But there are healthier ways to cope with uncertainty.Identify your uncertainty trigger(诱发因素).A lot of uncertainty tends to be self-generated.However,some can be generated by external sources,such as reading media stories that focus on bad news,or simply communicating with anxious friends.By recognizing your triggers,you can take action to avoid or reduce your exposure to them.Shift your attention.Focus on solvable worries,taking action on those aspects of a problem that you can control,or simply go back to what you were doing.When the feelings of uncertainty return,refocus your mind on the present moment and your own breathing.1．How are people different in tolerating uncertainty in life?2．Why do many people use worrying as a tool to deal with uncertainty?3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.Knowing the triggers of your uncertainty,you can learn to expose yourself to them.4．What are you most uncertain about right now?How will you deal with it?(In about40words)Family values are a set of principles and beliefs that a family agrees upon,such as emphasizing the importance of honest behaviors or valuing effort and persistence in achieving goals.They are fundamental and determine how members of a home interact with each other and with the world.Family values determine what you think is important and what is good.These values can help you stay consistent when making decisions in everyday life,especially in moments of uncertainty.This is particularly true when you’re going to make quick decisions based on an emotional reaction.For example,if honesty and communication are your important family values,you’re more likely to approach conflicts with an open mind and a willing heart to talk through issues.When finding your family member has lied to you,instead of acting thoughtlessly,you know what to do—have a talk sincerely.Family values serve as a guiding force within the home,but their impact extends far beyond,shaping societal norms and behaviors.For example,if several families plant generosity in their values,the next generation will grow up to be more generous.As a result,adults in this generation are more likely to take other people’s needs into consideration when making difficult choices.They become positive contributors to the society,developing an atmosphere of care and consideration that enhances communal well-being.Great influence as it has,family values are not taught consciously.Often,they get passed down without being noticed. Those values don’t ever get questioned.Whether you’ve outlined them or not,they’re present.And once you take ownership of those values,you can shape them to be in line with what you expect your family to be.5．What are family values?6．How can family values help to make decisions in everyday life?7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.Family values have great influence within the home,but they have nothing to do with shaping common behaviors andrules in a society.8．Please share one of your family values and explain how it influences you.(In about40words)When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam,her heart sank.She’d failed that test weeks earlier,and needed the certificate to advance her own career.“My inner child got upset,”recalls George.But then,she called her friend.“I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,”she says.Being frank shifted her attitude,and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own,in turn.“I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,”George says.This is what scientists called freudenfreude,meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success,even if it doesn’t directly involve us.Freudenfreude is like social glue,says Catherine Chambliss,a professor of psychology at Ursinus College.It makes relationships“close and more enjoyable.”A study in2021examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict.While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful,it doesn’t always come easily.If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth,Chambliss says,you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming.Besides,mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy.Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude.Luckily,the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised.To help people strengthen joy-sharingmuscles,Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships improved their moods.Given that,having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling.9．According to scientists,what is freudenfreude?10．What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life?11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily,and it is affected by your family environment and physical health.12．Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage,please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude.(In about40words)When I think about running a timed mile in elementary school PE class,I can still feel the full-body sensation of stress. The mile run was part of the National Physical Fitness Test,a bi annual assessment given to elementary through high school students,which included five events:the mile run,sit-ups,pull-ups or push-ups,a sit-and-reach and a shuttle run.Twice a year,the top15percent of participants nationwide were honored with a Physical Fitness Award.At my school, the winners’names were painted on one of the gym’s walls.For years I stared admiringly at those names,wondering if I would ever make the cut.But no matter how hard I tried,I could never pull my chin above the bar.I believe deeply in the value of physical activity for both the mind and the body.However,it wasn’t until I was in my 30s and had run a half-dozen half-marathons,at a comfortable pace,that I even began to believe I was a sportswoman.I’ve heard similar stories from many people.My friend Natalia,a group fitness instructor,said that for years she saw herself as lacking athleticism thanks to her experience in PE class.It was only when she took a fitness class that she began to see herself as physically capable.Their experiences,and my own,made me believe even if PE class and fitness assessment fail to make you develop a positive relationship with sports,there is definitely a positive opportunity to make it a source of joy in your life.It’s taken years to meet myself where I am.When I run a mile these days,I feel so good by the end that I want to run another.I still can’t do a traditional pull-up,but a trainer at my gym recently introduced me to assisted pull-ups with resistance bands;I delight in finally feeling up to the task.Fitness shouldn’t be for the all benefit from sports,whether we earn our names on the wall or not. 13．What is the National Physical Fitness Test?14．What was in her mind when the author stared at the names on the wall?15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.According to the author,many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult to make sports a source of joy in their life.16．What do you think of the idea“fitness shouldn’t be for the few”in the last paragraph?（In about40words）How Gratitude Makes You HappierChoosing to be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way to boost your happiness.We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being,a feeling of joy and satisfaction.But more than just an emotion or fleeting(短暂的)feeling,happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning,worth and purpose in life.Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these.Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health.When people are thankful,they’re more likely to exercise,eat better,and take care of their health.Much evidence points to lower stress,reduced pain and improved immune systems as a result of being thankful.Even better blood pressure and positive effects on the heart have been linked to gratitude.Gratitude has a strong positive impact on mental health as well.It increases self-esteem,enhances positive emotions and makes us more optimistic since experiencing gratitude activates neurotransmitters like dopamine,which we associate with pleasure,and serotonin,which regulates our mood.It also promotes feelings like trust and generosity,which are induced by oxytocin,a hormone released by the brain.Just like a muscle,thankfulness is something we need to exercise more often.One way is to learn from the Scandinavians,who,the UN’s World Happiness Report suggests,are the happiest people in the world.It’s worth pausing to think about why.Scandinavians are determining their levels of happiness.They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and where social institutions support everyone.Yet,there is something else. They value“moderation”,a just enough-ness.They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time.They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance.As a result of this satisfaction and contentment,they feel their lives have value.So,take some time to be thankful.It can impact your happiness and enhance many aspects of your life.17．What does happiness include besides what we usually think?18．On what does gratitude have a positive influence?19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value.20．How can you exercise being grateful?(In about40words)Four Colombian children survived a plane crash only to be lost deep in the Amazon rainforest for well over a month. This is how they survived this horrifying situation.It’s most people’s nightmare:surviving a plane crash only to be trapped in a jungle with no way of contacting the outside world.But they survived.The children,aged13,nine and four,as well as an11-month-old baby,were flying with their mother from their village in the Amazon to visit their father in San Jose del Guaviare.The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May1,2023.Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks,where they then found the dead bodies of three adults,including the children’s mother.How did these children survive conditions that would be an unimaginable struggle for most adults?They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle.As such,they have an intimate understanding of the rainforest.They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided.Working with,rather than against,the Amazon,they survived on fruits and seeds,while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane.While the children got on with the business of surviving,the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them.After40days of searching,the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogota.While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle,others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations.Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon,marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients.It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive.20．What made the plane on which they were flying crash?21．Why did it take the army so long to find the children after the accident?23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it andexplain why.The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest.24．What lesson can you learn from the story?(In about40words)I always wanted to be like explorers Marco Polo or Ibn Battuta.They traveled the world with curiosity and a desire to share with others the marvels they discovered.They had no Internet,guidebooks,social media,blogs,vlogs,reviews,or slideshows.And with so much information available,how can one possibly be like these travel writing pioneers?The answer may shock you as it did my travel journalism students.I plan nothing in advance except for a place to stay and let the place reveal itself to me on its own terms.And how does that work out?I have contributed to130international publications with articles about what I discovered.I do not recommend this approach to everyone.But what I do suggest is that you give up your desire to have everything planned in advance,and that you stop obsessing about all the trip details and trying to make it a perfect trip. Whether you are traveling with a tour group,friends,family,or solo,leave unstructured time,so magic can happen.Many people I know approach travel like a job,and a stressful one at that.They want to make sure they cover all the bases and don’t miss anything.But in my opinion,they copy what others have done before them and check each site off on a list.So how do you make your trip unique?I call it slow travel.It’s not just about slowing down.Instead of running from place to place,you look around you,you take your environment in,you notice things that perhaps no one has ever noticed before.You can start talking to people.Random people you meet and talk to are a key element you cannot plan for.They may tell you about places and events that will enrich your trip.They give you local insider tips.They may even accompany you or invite you to join them for an experience.They have enriched every trip I have taken.And the more you talk to people—even if you are shy—the more you develop the self-confidence to do more of it.And then you are really in the present,having an experience that is uniquely yours.25．Why does the author’s way of travelling shock her students?26．What does the author think of most people’s way of travelling?27.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.You can make your trip unique by making a detailed plan,noticing new things in the place and meeting local people to experience local life.28.Besides slow travel,in what other aspect（s）in our life do you think we should slow down?Why?（In about40 words）参考答案1．Some people seem to enjoy taking risks and living unpredictable lives,while others like to take things step-by-step. 2．Because they believe that worrying in advance can increase their control over uncertain circumstances,prepare themselves for the worst,and avoid the unexpected.3．Knowing the triggers of your uncertainty,you can learn to expose yourself to them.Because knowing the triggers of your uncertainty,you can learn to take action to avoid or reduce your exposure to them.4．What I am most uncertain about now is to enter the university.Now I understand lots of uncertainty is self-generated,so I should focus on some solvable worries and try my best to review my lessons.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

阅读表达专题一．考点、热点回顾阅读表达题的解题方法与技巧：1、主旨概括：主要考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。

要想答好该题，考生必须有很强的概括能力或归纳能力，要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细节，概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。

具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出关键词，再在此基础上确定文章标题或者文章的main idea。

2、同义句替换：只有准确理解所给句子的意义，才能准确快速地找出原文中意义相同的句子。

3、填空：回答此类问题时，一定首先注意弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等；然后根据上下文的含义搞清楚空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，最后确定答案。

4、翻译句子：在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。

因此再翻译之前一定要先分析句子结构，并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异，最后在忠实于原文的基础上，把画线部分的句子翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子。

5、封闭性问题：封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据，包括常见的wh-questions。

6、开放性问题：开放性问题是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，要求考生结合个人的观点、经验来回答相关问题。

7、其他类型：该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上6种类型以外的类型的题。

比如设计图表题，推理判断题等。

下面通过2007山东卷的阅读表达实例对各种类型问题的答题技巧一一说明。

An American friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of handling a flood of e-mails before most of us had even heard of the concept. If any information he was sent was vital enough, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up, if the sender wasn’t important enough tohave his private number, the communication couldn’t be that important, my friend is now even more senior in the same company so the strategy must work.Almost every week now there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail. If this is the case, it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it._________. Firstly, you junk nothing with an exclamation mark or a string of capital letters, or from any addres s you don’t recognize or feel confident about.Secondly, e-mails don’t a ll have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, there’s a tendency for correspondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless discussion or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original. We all have e-mail pals who send long,chatty e-mail, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. The charm of e-mail can consist in the simple, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of the format of the letter sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a better reply. 76．Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?The possible existence of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails___________________________________________________________________77．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.(within 10 words )___________________________________________________________________78．What advice is given in the last paragraph? (within 10 words)____________________________________________________________________79．For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1 ?(within 10 words)____________________________________________________________________80．Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.____________________________________________________________________二. 经典例题01If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you don’t feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled Stress and Sleep, indicates that . Dr. Winkle says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night’s sleep,” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what’s worrying us.”So, what is a good night’s sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours in about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. “When you put the light out,” Dr. Winkle says, “concentrat e on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you’ll be asleep before you know it.”1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?People shouldn’t go to sleep immediately but should take a break after working late in the night.3. Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)4. Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find some arguments from the passage against the idea. (Please answer within 30 words)5. Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.02You might be reading this article and saying, “Hey, that sounds just like me!” If so, we’re glad yourecognize that this happens to you. Now you can start taking steps to lessen your test anxiety. Here are some ways to do that:Ask for help. Talk to your mom or dad, your teacher, or your school guidance counselor. Just talking to someone about test anxiety can make you feel better .Describe wh at happens to you when you’re taking a test and these people can help you figure out some solutions. For instance, learning study skills can boost your test –day confidence.Be prepared. Pay attention in class. Do your homework. Study for the test. On tes t day, you’re more likely to feel like you know the material.Block bad thoughts. Watch out for any negative messages you might be sending yourself about the test (“I’m no good at taking tests” or “I’m going to freak our if I get a bad grade”) .These thou ghts can make anxiety worse and make it harder for you to do well on the test..Everyone makes mistakes .Be more forgiving of your own mistakes, especially if you prepared for the test and are set to do your best.Breathe better. OK, so you already know how to breathe .But did you know that breathing exercises can help calm you down? (Just try not to take in too much air because it might make you feel dizzy.) Here’s how to do it: Inhale (breathe in) slowly and deeply through your nose, and then exhale (breathe out ) slowly through your mouth. Do this two to four times and you just might breathe easier the next time you’re taking a test!1. What is the best title of the passage ? (Please answer within 10 words)2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?Having too many negative messages in mind leads to worse test anxiety, which may stop you doing well on the test.3. Please fill in the blank in the last but one paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)4. Which of the tips do you think is the most useful?(Please answer within 30 words)5. Translate the underlined sentence in the 6th paragraph into Chinese.三. 实战训练03These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.Green building means “reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land”, Taryn Holowka of the U.S. Green Building Council in Washington, D.C., said .According to Holowaka, building account for 65 percent of total U.S. electricity use.But green building can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, ________________. That could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on developed land, so that the buildings don’t destroy forests .Mary Dettling is project manger for a building that put these ideas into action. The Solaire has been called the country’s first green high-rise building. According to Dettli ng, “We’re reduced our energy use by one-third and our water by 50 percent,”.The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room. In addition, the building has lots of windows, allowing people to use the sun for light during the day. The Solaire cuts water reusing it .Not everyone is eager to move into a green building, however. Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Anyhow, Holowaka said, “It’s going to be big.”1. What is the best title of the passage ? (please answer within 10 words)_____________________________________________________________2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one ?Green building will become popular in future .. _____________________________________________________________3. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence .( Please answer within in 10 words .)___________________________________________________________4. Do you think a green building is better than a common building ? Why? (Please answer within 30 words .)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Translate the underline sentence in the fourth paragraph into Chinese.________________________________________________________________________04For most Americans, a clean glass of water is just a matter of turning on a faucet（水龙头. But for many of the world’s poorest, it’s hard to get .On Wednesday, the United Nations(UN)marked World Water Day by trying to cut the number of people without good drinking water-one billion human beings worldwide-in half. In the next ten years ,the UN will work with governments around the world to reduce the shortage.Without clean water nearby, many people use water .In India, many people bathe and wash their clothes in rivers that are polluted by human waste.According to the UN, not having enough clean water and sanitation causes more than three million deaths a year.“The links between water and human heath are powerful,” said Dr Lee Jong Wook, director-general of the World Health Organization(WHO). “We cannot live without clean water.”In fact, the International Federation of the Red Cross said that quick reaction after last year’s Asian tsunami(海啸)had stopped disease. The agency provided clean water to nearly 500,000 people in Indonesia and Sri Lanka after the tsunami.World Water Day was first celebrated in 1993. Since then, it is celebrated each year on March 22.1. What is the best title of the passage?2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by this one?The quality of the water is closely connected with human health.3. What did the International Federation of the Red Cross do after the tsunami? And why?4. Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.5. Translate the first paragraph into Chinese.四. 课后反馈05In the United States, train transportation is unpopular compared with cars and airplanes. Most people like traveling by car or by air.Officials of the United States Department of Transportation made a study in 2001. The study is about how many miles Americans traveled by different means of transportation. They only studied trips longer than 50 miles. The study showed that fifty-six percent of all miles were traveled in personal vehicle. Forty-one percent were traveled in an airplane. Two percent were traveled in a bus. And less than one percent of miles were traveled in a train.Amtrak is the national provider of train transportation in the United States. In the past ten years, the number of its passengers has increased by eighteen percent. Although the number of passengers has increased, it is still very small now. In countries such as France, Germany, or Japan, more people use trains.There are several reasons why many people __________________________.Firstly, Americans love to drive their own cars. On highways, cars can travel as fast as trains. These highways connect all major cities in America．Secondly, many travelers like to be independent. When they use their own cars they can decide when to travel. Thirdly, many buses travel between major cities. Bus travel is less costly than train travel.In a huge country like the United States, cities are far away from each other. In some cases, travel from one city to another by train may take more than a day. Airplanes can carry passengers over long distances much faster. People who do not want to spend long time traveling by train decide to fly. For these people saving time is the most important thing.1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?It’s convenient for people to decide the start-off time when they travel in their own cars._______________________________________________________________ _____3. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.( Please answer within 10 words.)___________________________________________________________4. What means of transportation do you like best when traveling, trains, cars, or planes? Why? ( Please answer within 30 words)__________________________________________________________________5. Translate the underlined sentences in the last paragraph into Chinese.__________________________________________________________________。