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哈尔滨工业大学2014年博士研究生报考须知哈尔滨工业大学招收博士研究生，是为了培养德智体全面发展，在本门学科上掌握坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识，具有独立从事科学研究工作的能力，在科学或专门技术上做出创造性成果的高级科学专门人才。
为了更好地指导广大考生报考我校2014年博士研究生，方便考生了解我校2014年博士研究生报考的有关规定和注意事项，特制订本须知。
考生在报考前，应仔细阅读本须知的有关内容。
一、招生学科与导师2014年我校博士研究生招生学科与导师详见招生目录。
2014年招生目录将于9月末对外公布。
博士生招生是按照导师进行招生，目录中所列招生人数将根据导师招生的实际情况进行调整，仅供参考。
考生报考前可登陆哈尔滨工业大学网站、报考院（系）网站、哈工大教师个人主页以及哈工大研招网（，下同）查询报考导师的个人简介、研究方向与联系方式。
二、报考条件1．拥护中国共产党的领导，具有正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，遵纪守法，品行端正。
2．身心健康，年龄一般不超过45岁，报考委托培养考生年龄可适当放宽。
3.有至少两名所报考学科专业领域内的教授（或相当专业技术职称的专家）的书面推荐意见。
4．已获得硕士学位人员或应届硕士毕业生（最迟须在入学前取得硕士学位）。
在国外留学人员必须取得硕士学位证书，并提供教育部留学服务中心的学历认证。
5．非全日制硕士研究生与只能取得硕士学位证书的考生（包括以同等学力身份申请硕士学位人员、非全日制工程硕士、MBA、EMBA和MPA等），必须获得硕士学位后方可报考。
三、招生方式我校博士研究生招生方式有直接攻博、推荐攻博、申请考核和普通招考四种，考生可根据情况选择其中一种招生方式。
1．直接攻博直接攻博是面向取得推荐免试生资格（简称推免生）的优秀应届本科毕业生直接遴选博士生的招生方式。
直接攻博的考核按照我校选拔推荐免试硕士生的方式进行。
直接攻博招生工作安排在每年的秋季学期，取得直接攻博资格的学生按时获得学士学位和本科毕业证书后，在次年秋季学期办理博士入学手续。
考博详解与指导哈尔滨工业大学考博英语试题Passage1Highly successful scientists depend on special talents,like in arts,music,and so on.Nature produces them only very slowly,parsimoniously,and at a constant rate,one has to do more with both natural gifts and formal,extensive academic training.Their number cannot be increased under command;they develop spontaneously whenever the scientific training of community is adequate to provide the basic training they need-----which is today the case in several nations over the world,including many of the developing countries.The second element is the“collectivity effect”.Scientific progress is greatly enhanced by a nonlinear effect.Progress is much faster when many and different types of scientists interact closely together.This is particularly active at the“interface”between disciplines;for instance,a chemistry idea applied to biology,a mathematical concept applied to physics,and so on.Passage2The phrase“A Law of Nature”is probably rarer in modem scientific writing than was the case some generations ago.This is partly due to a very natural objection to the use of the word law in two different senses.Human societies have laws.In primitive societies there is not distinction between law and custom. Some things are done;others are not.This is regarded as part of the nature ofthings,and generally as an unalterable fact.If customs change,the change is too slow to be observed,later on kings and prophets could proclaim new laws,but there was no way of withdrawing old ones.The Greek democracies made the great and revolutionary discovery that a community could consciously make new laws and repeal old ones.So for us a human law is something which is valid only over a certain number of people for a certain period of time.Passage3Private enterprise will become the driving force behind space launches,the futurists mercial space activities will probably grow beyond the government’s civilian space program in the coming decades,remarks Charles Eldred of the National Aeronautics and space Administration.Businesses will launch their own space shuttles to create weightless factories in es could include manufacturing pharmaceutical drugs,making ball bearings and growing crystals for computer chips.There is even talk of eventually sending tourists on shuttle flight---though the airfare would be exorbitant.Scientists say that government construction of a multibillion-dollar,permanent space station will aid in detecting natural disasters on earth in advance,conducting medical research and collecting solar energy to transmit back.Pentagon officials hope to be able to send off rays from a space station to hit missiles fired from earth.The space station may be used as well to stage long–distance flights to the moon, mars and planets beyond.Passage4Laws and regulations are never to be forgotten in the development of the information superhighway although market forces will help keep the new technology affordable,we need laws to protect consumers when competition fails and because several companies will operate the superhighways,each must be required to interconnect with the others.Likewise,the new computers that will give access to the superhighway should be built according to commonly accepted standards.Also even an open competitive market will leave out organizations with limited resources such as schools and libraries.To compensate for market oversights,we must enforce regulations to ensure thatmoney-----whether through government support or a tax on the companies that will control the superhighway---is made available to these institutions,and will be used and operated accordinglySection Two Translation from Chinese into English(20points)Passage1当前人类文明对全球环境的威胁给我们提供了一系列问题。
育明考博免费咨询报名电话：400-668-6978咨询QQ：493371626（李老师）2015考博QQ交流群1056198202015考博QQ英语群3354889032015考博QQ专业课群1574604162015哈尔滨工业大学考博英语分析一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
哈工大博士英语免试条件Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) is one of the most prestigious universities in China, known for its excellence in engineering and technology. As an internationally renowned institution, HIT offers a wide range of programs for students seeking higher education. One of the most sought-after programs at HIT is the PhD in English, which provides an opportunity for students to pursue advanced research in the field of English language and literature. In this document, we will discuss the requirements and conditions for the HIT PhD in English program.To be eligible for the HIT PhD in English program, applicants must meet certain criteria. Firstly, applicants must hold a master's degree in a relevant field, such as English language, literature, or linguistics. This ensures that students have a solid foundation in the subject matter and are prepared for advanced research in their chosen area of specialization. Additionally, applicants must demonstrate a high level of proficiency in English, as all courses and research activities are conducted in English. This is assessed through standardized English language tests, such as the TOEFL or IELTS.Apart from the academic requirements, there are also certain non-academic criteria that applicants must fulfill. One of these is the submission of a research proposal. The research proposal should outline the applicant's research interests, objectives, and methodology. It should also demonstrate the feasibility and significance of the proposed research project. This is an important component of the application process, as it allows the admissions committee to assess the applicant's research potential and suitability for the program.In addition to the research proposal, applicants are also required to submit their academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, and a personal statement. The academic transcripts provide a record of the applicant's academic performance, while the letters of recommendation offer insights into the applicant's character, abilities, and potential for research. The personal statement allows applicants to express their motivations for pursuing a PhD in English and how the program aligns with their career goals.Once the application materials have been submitted, they undergo a rigorous evaluation process. The admissions committee carefully reviews each application, taking into consideration the academic qualifications, research potential, and overall fit with the program. Shortlisted candidates may be invited for an interview, where they will have the opportunity to further discuss their research interests and goals.It is important to note that the HIT PhD in English program does not require a separate entrance examination. Instead, the admissions committee evaluates the applicants based on their academic qualifications, research potential, and other application materials. This approach aims to provide equal opportunities for all qualified applicants, regardless of their performance in a standardized test.In conclusion, the HIT PhD in English program is a highly competitive and prestigious program that offers students the opportunity to pursue advanced research in the field of English language and literature. To be eligible for this program, applicants must meet certain academic and non-academic criteria, including holding a relevant master's degree, demonstrating proficiency in English, submitting a research proposal, academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, and a personal statement. The application materials undergo a rigorous evaluation process, and shortlisted candidates may be invited for an interview. By meeting the requirements and conditions of the HIT PhD in English program, students can embark on a rewarding academic journey and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of English studies.。
哈尔滨工业大学化工学院2014年博士申请考核及推荐攻博笔试面试时间的通知时间：2013-10-29一、推荐攻博和硕博连读的学生只参加面试。
二、申请考核通过初审的同学提交材料的原件，主要包括：1、本科、硕士毕业证学位证原件；2、本科硕士学历学信网确认打印件；3、四、六级成绩单原件；4、本科硕士成绩单原件；5、所有发表文章、获得奖惩作证材料原件；6、其他申请时佐证材料原件。
请通过申请考核初审的同学携带上述材料在11月2日下午1:00到理学楼L901进行材料审核，请务必带齐材料，否则后果自负。
三、专业基础考试和面试时间安排如下：应用化学：专业基础考试时间：11月2日下午2:00-5:00，地点：理学楼L901面试时间：11月3日上午8:30-11:30，地点：理学楼L901高分子物理化学：专业基础考试时间：11月2日下午2:00-5:00，地点：理学楼L801面试时间：11月3日上午8:30-11:30，地点：理学楼L801化学工艺（包含能源化工）：专业基础考试时间：11月2日下午2:00-5:00：，地点：理学楼L801面试时间：11月2日下午5:00，地点：理学楼L801工业催化：专业基础考试时间：11月2日下午2:00-5:00，地点：理学楼L901面试时间：11月3日上午8:30-11:30，地点：奥校508生物化工：专业基础考试时间：11月2日下午2:00-5:00，地点：理学楼L901,面试时间：11月3日上午8:30-11:30，地点：奥校508请各位同学按照自己导师所在的专业方向进行面试。
有问题请联系吴洁电话：86413707具体面试和考试的内容请参见/hityzb/news.jsp?id=486化工学院2013-10-29。
2014年黑龙江哈尔滨工业大学考博英语真题General English Admission Test For Non-English MajorPh.D. program(Harbin Institute of Technology)Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points) Passage 1Questions 1 ------ 5 are bashed on the following passage.The planet’s last intact expanses of forest are under siege. Eight thousand years ago, forests covered more than 23 million square miles, or about 40 percent of Earth’s land surface. Today, almost half of those forests have fallen to the ax, the chain saw, the matchstick, or the bulldozer.A map unveiled in March by the Washington-based World Resources Institute not only shows the locations of former forests, but also assesses the condition of today’s forests worldwide. Institute researchers developed the map with the help of the World Conservation Monitoring Center, the World Wildlife Fund, and 90 forest experts at a variety of universities, government organizations, and environmental groups.Only one-fifth of the remaining forests are still “frontier forests,”defined as relatively undisturbed natural forests large enough to support all of their native species. Frontier forests offer a number of benefits: They generate and maintainbiodiversity, protect watersheds, prevent flooding and soil erosion, and stabilize climate.Many large areas that have traditionally been classified as forest land don’t qualify as “frontier” because of human influences such as fire suppression and a patchwork of logging. “There’s surprisingly little intact forest left,” says research associate Dirk Bryant,the principal author of the report that accompanies the new map.In the report, Bryant, Daniel Nielsen, and Laura Tangley divide the world into four groups:76 countries that have lost all of their frontier forest; 11 nations that are “on the edge”; 28 countries with “not much time”; and onlyeight----including Canada, Russia, and Brazil-----that still have a “great opportunity” to keep most of their original forest. The United States is among the nations said to berunning out of time: In the lower 48 states, says Bryant, “great opportunity” to keep most of their original forest. The United States is among the nations said to be running out of time: In the lower48 states, says Bryant, “only 1 percent of the forest that was once there as frontier forest qualifies today.”Logging poses the biggest single threat to remaining frontier forests. “Our results suggest that 70 percent of frontier forests under threat are threatened by logging,” says Bryant. The practice of cutting timber also creates roads that cause erosion and open the forest to hunting, mining, firewood gathering, and land clearing for farms.What can protect frontier forests? The researchers recommend combining preservation with sustainable land use practices such as tourism and selective timber extraction. “I t’s possible to restore frontiers,” says Bryant, “but the cost and time required to do so would suggest that the smart approach is to husband the remaining frontier forest before it’s gone.”1.What is the main idea of the passage?A.The present situation of frontier forest on Earth.B.The history of ecology.C.The forest map in the past.D.Beautiful forests in different parts of the world.2.The word “unveiled” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.A. evaluatedB. decoratedC. designedD. made public3.Frontier forests have which of the following benefits?A.They keep climate stable.B.They enhance timber industry.C.They provide people with unique scenery.D.They are of various types.4.The phrase “on the edge” in Paragraph 5 probably means .A surrounded by frontier forestB near frontier forestC about to lose their frontier forestD under pressure5.According to the passage, roads created by timber-cutting make it possible for people to.A travel to other places through the short –cut Bexploit more forest landC find directions easily Dprotect former forestsPassage 2Questions 6 ------ 10 are based on the following passage.To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box hasto be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived the cellophane wrapper has to be torn off, the lip opened and removed; the lid opened and the paper removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping isnot confined to luxuries: it is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that isnot done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper.The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. Useless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put our by the average London household each week. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most ofthe rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up the environment.Little research is being carried out on the costs of alternative types ofpackaging. Just how possible is it, for instance, for local authorities to salvage paper, pulp it, and recycle it as egg-boxes? Would it be cheaper to plant another forest? Paper is the material most used for packaging ----------------------------- 20 million paper bagsare apparently used in Great Britain each day ----------- but very little is salvaged.A machine has been developed that pulps paper, and then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons. This could be easily adapted for local authority use. It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each. Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most easily recycled; and now, with massive increases in paper prices, the time has come at which collection by local authorities could be profitable.Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles, which are returned tothe dairies, and it has been estimated that if all the milk bottles necessary were madeof plastic, then British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastictubing to encircle the earth every five or six days!The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs. It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and reuse of various materials and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as opposed to producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, intendedto be used just once, and making things look better so more people will buy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as resources for what is, after all, a relatively unimportant function.6.The sentence “This insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries” means that.A not enough wrapping is used for luxuriesB more wrapping is used for luxuries than for ordinary productsC it is not only for luxury products that too much wrapping is usedD thewrapping used for luxury products is unnecessary7.The local authorities are .A the Town CouncilB the policeC the paper manufacturersD the most influential citizens8 .If paper is to be recycled, .A more forests will have to be plantedB the use of paper bags will have to be restrictedC people will have to use different dustbins for their rubbishD thelocal authorities will have to reduce the price of paper9.British dairies are .A producing enough plastic tubing to go round the world in less than a weekB giving up the use of glass bottlesC increasing the production of plastic bottles Dreusing their old glass bottles10.The environmentalists think that .A more plastic packaging should be usedB plastic is the most convenient form of packagingC toomuch plastic is wastedD shops should stop using plastic containersPassage 3Questions11 ------- 18 are based on the following passage.The tragic impact of the modern city on the human being has killed his sense of aesthetics, the material benefits of an affluent society have diverted his attention from aesthetics,the material benefits of an affluent society have diverted his attention from his city andits cultural potentials to the products of science and technology: washing machines,central heating, automatic cookers, television sets, computers and fitted carpets, He is,at the moment, drunk with democracy, well-to-do, a car driver, and has never had it so good.He is reluctant to walk. Statistics reveal that the distance he is prepared to walk from his parking place to his shopping center is very short. As there are no adequate off-street parking facilities, the cities are littered with kerb-parked cars and parking meters rear themselves everywhere. Congestion has become the predominant factor in his environment, and statistics suggest that two cars perhousehold system may soon make matters worse.In the meantime, insult is added to injury by “land value”. The value of land results from its use: its income and its value increase. “Putting land to its highest and best use”becomes the principal economic standard in urban growth. This speculative approach and the pressure of increasing population lead to the “vertical” growth of cities with the result that people are forced to adjust themselves to congestion in order to maintain these relatively artificial land values. Paradoxically the remedy for removing congestion is to create no re of it.Partial decentralization, or rather, pseudo-decentralization, in the form of large development units away from the traditional town centers, only shifts the disease round the anatomy of the town, if it is not combined with remodeling of the town’s transportation system, it does not cure it. Here the engineering solutions are strongly affected by the necessity for complicated intersections, which in turn, are frustrated by the extravagant cost of land.It is within our power to build better cities and revive the civic pride of their citizens, but we shall have to stop operating on the fringe of the problem. We shall haveto radically to replan them to achieve a rational densities of population we have to provide in them what can be called minimum “psychological elbow room”. One of the ingredients of this will be proper transportation plans. These will have to be an integral part of the overall planning process which in itself is a scientific process where facts are essential. We must collect, in an organized manner, all and complete information about the city or the town, if we want toplan effectively.The principal unit in this process is “IM”(one man). We must not forget that cities are built by people, and that their form and shape should be subject to the will of the people. Scientific methods of data collection and analysis will indicate trends, but they will not direct action. Scientific methods are only an instrument. The “man-educated” man, the human, will have to set the target, and using the results obtained by science and his own engineering skill, take upon himself the final shaping of his environment. He will have to use his high moral sense of responsibility to the community and to future generations.11.The main concern of this passage is with .A city cultureBland value in citiesC city congestionD decentralization12.I t can be inferred from the first paragraph that people in old times .A paid more attention to material benefitsB had a stronger sense of beautyC were more desirous about the development of science and technologyD enjoyed more freedom and democracy13.T he highly-developed technology has made man .A increasingly industriousB free from inconvenienceC excessively dependent on external aidsD ableto save his physical strength14 The drastic increase of land value in the city .A is the good result of economic developmentB offers more opportunities to land dealersC isannoyingly artificial and meaninglessD fortunately leads to the “vertical” growth of cities15. The expansion of big cities to the distant suburban areas may .A solve the problem of city congestionB result in the remodeling of the town’s transportation systemC bringthe same congestion to the suburban areasD need less investment on land16the main purpose of the author is to . .A point out a problem and criticize itB advocate that all cities need to be re-planned and remodeledC pointout the significance of solving the problemD criticize a problem and try to find a solution to it17the author suggests that the remodeling of cities must .A put priority to the benefit of the future generationsB be focused on people rather than on economy.C beeconomically profitable to land ownersD resort to scientific methods18who will probably like to read articles of this kind/A businessmenB economistsC urban peopleD rural peoplePassage 4Questions 19 ------ 25 are based on the following passage.The two claws of the mature American lobster are decidedly different from each other. The crusher claw is short and stout: the cutter claw is long and slender.Such bilateral asymmetry, in which the right side of the body is, in all other respects, a mirror image of the left side, is not unlike handedness in humans. But where the majority of humans are right-handed, in lobsters the crusher claw appears with equal probability oneither the right or left side of the body.Bilateral asymmetry of the claws comes about gradually. In the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development, the paired claws are symmetrical and cutter-like. Asymmetry begins to appear in the juvenile sixth stage of development, and the paired claws further diverge toward well-defined cutter and crusher claws during succeeding stages. An intriguing aspectof this development was discovered by Victor Emmel. He found that if one of the paired claws is removed during the fourth of fifth stage, the intact claw invariably becomes a crusher, while the regenerated claw becomes a cutter. Removal of a claw during a laterjuvenile stage or during adulthood, when asymmetry is present, does not alter the asymmetry, the intact and the regenerated claws retain their original structures.These observations indicate that the conditions tat trigger differentiation must operate in a random manner when the paired claws are intact but in anonrandom manner when one of the claws is lost. One possible explanation is thatdifferential use of the claws determine their asymmetry. Perhaps the claw that is used more becomes the crusher. This would explain why, when one of the claws is missing during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw always becomes a crusher. With two intact claws,initial use of one claw might prompt the animal to use it more than the other throughout the juvenile fourth and fifth stages, causing it to become a crusher.To test this hypothesis, researchers raised lobsters in the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development in a laboratory environment in which the lobsters could manipulate oyster chips. (Not coincidentally, at this stage of development lobsters typically change from a habitat where they drift passively to the ocean floor where they have the opportunity to be more active by burrowing in the substratum.) Under these conditions, the lobsters developed asymmetric slaws, half with crusher claws on the left, and half with crusher claws on the right. In contrast, when juvenile lobsters were reared in a smooth tank without the oyster chips, the majority developed two cutter claws. This unusual configuration of symmetrical cutter claws did not change when the lobsters were subsequently placed in a manipulatable environment or when they lost and regenerated one or both claws.19the passage is primarily concerned with .A drawing an analogy between asymmetry in lobsters and handedness in humansB developing a method for predicting whether crusher claws in lobsters will appear onthe left or right sideC explaining differences between lobsters’crusher claws and cutter clawsD discussing a possible explanation for the bilateral asymmetry in lobsters 20 each ofthe following statements about the development of a lobster’s crusher claw is supported by information in the passage except .A It can be stopped on one side and begin on the other after the juvenile sixth stage.B It occurs gradually over a number of stages.C It is initially apparent in the juvenile sixth stage.D It can occur even when a prospective crusher claw is removed in the juvenile sixth stage. 21which of the following experimental results, if observed, would most clearlycontradict the findings of Victor Emmel?A.A left cutter-like claw is removed in the fifth stage and a crusher claw develops on the right side.B.A left cutter-like claw is removed in the sixth stage and a crusher claw develops on the right side.C.A left cutter-like claws are removed in the fifth stage and a crusher clawdevelops on the lift side.D.Both cutter-like claws are removed in the fifth stage and a crusher claw developson the left side.22It can be inferred that of the two laboratory environments mentioned in the passage,the one with oyster ships was designed to .A prove that the presence of oyster chips was not necessary for the development of a crusher clawB prove that the relative length of time that the lobsters were exposed to the oyster-chip environment had little impact on the development of a crusher clawC eliminate the environment as a possible influence in the development of a crusher clawD simulate the conditions that lobsters encounter in their natural environment 23 It canbe inferred from the passage that one difference between lobsters in the earlier stagesof development and those in the juvenile fourth and fifth stages is that lobsters in the early stages are .A likely to be less activeB likely to be less symmetrical Cmore likely to lose a clawD more likely to regenerate a lost claw24which of the following conditions does the passage suggest is a possible cause for the failure of a lobster to develop a crusher claw?A the loss of a claw during the third or earlier stage of developmentB theloss of a claw during the fourth or fifth stage of development C the loss ofa claw during the sixth stage of developmentD Development in an environment short of material that can be manipulated25the author regards the idea that differentiation is triggered randomly when pairedclaws remain intact as .A irrefutable considering the authoritative nature of Emmel’s observationsB likelyin view of present evidenceC contradictory to conventional thinking on lobster-claw differentiationD purelyspeculative because it is based on scattered research and experimentationPassage 5Questions 26 ------ 33 are based on the following passage.It has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relationship to things which might be going faster than the speed of light ,or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorenta-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backward in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is the apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactlythe speed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump---------------------------------------------------------------------- which seemshighly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances ------------- then theother side may be achievable.There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have led some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the trans-light properties we have just discussed.One difficulty of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book “Sound and Symbol”, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given time a special relationship to other factors or parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear ----------- either by commonexperience or sophisticated scientific understanding ----------- to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass -------------------- t hat is to say, by the interaction of differentforms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field.This is not at variance with Einstein’s theories, since the “faster’ a give mass moves the more the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seems, consonant with this concept.26the “sound” in the title of professor Zukerkand1’s book probably refers to .A the music of the spheres Bmusic in the abstractC musical notationD the seemingly musical sounds produced by tachyons 27 Thepassage supports the inference that .A. Einstein’s theory of relativity is wrongB the Lorenta-Fitzgerald formulas contradict Einstein’s theoriesC tachyons do not have the same sort of mass as any other particlesD it isimpossible to travel at precisely the speed of light28. The tone of the passage is .A critical but hopefulB hopeful but suspiciousC suspicious but speculative Dspeculative but hopeful29 the central idea of the passage can be best described as which of the following?A.Irregularities in theoretical physics notation permit intriguing hypotheses and indicate the need for refined notation of time dimension.B.New observations require the development of new theories and new methods of describing the theories.C.Einsteinian physics can be much improved on in its treatment of tachyons.D.Zuckerkandl’s theories of tachyon formulation are preferable to Einstein’s. 30 According to the author, it is too soon to .A adopt proposals such as Zuckerkand1’sB planfor time travelC study particle chambers for tachyon traces Dattempt to improve current notation31it can be inferred that the author sees Zuckerkand1 as believing thatmathematicsis a .A languageB musical notationC great hindrance to full understanding of physics Ddifficult field of study32in the first sentence, the author refers to “philosopher” as well as to“scientist”because .A he wants to show his respect for themB philosophers study all things in the worldC the study of the methods of any field is both a philosophical and scientific questionD the nature of time is a basic question in philosophy as well as physics33when the passage says the “particle called the tachyon may exist”, the reader may infer that .A the tachyon was named before it existedB tachyons are imaginary in existence as well as massC the tachyon was probably named when its existence was predicted by theory but its existence was not yet known.D many scientific ideas may not exist in fact.Passage 6Questions 34 ------- 40 are based on the following passage.The term “remote sensing’’refers to the techniques of measurement and interpretation of phenomena from a distance. Prior to the mid-1960s the interpretation of film images was the primary means for remote sensing of the earth’s geologic features. With the development of the optomechanical scanner, scientists began to construct digital multispectral images using data beyond the sensitivity range of visible light photography. These images are constructed bymechanically aligning pictorial representations of such phenomena as the reflection of light waves outside the visible spectrum, the refraction of radio waves, and the daily changes in temperature in areas on the Earth’s surface. Digital multispectral imaging has now become the basic tool in geologic remote sensing from satellites.The advantage of digital over photographic imaging is evident: the resulting numerical data are precisely known, and digital data are not subject to the vagaries of difficult-to-control chemical processing. With digital processing, it is possible to combine a large number of spectral images. The acquisition of the first mutispectral digital dada set from the multispectral scanner(MSS)aboard the satellite Landsat in 1972 consequently attractedthe attention of the entire geologic community. Landsat MSS data are now being applied to a variety of geologic problems that are difficult to solve by conventional methods alone. These include specific problems in mineral and energy resource exploration and thecharting of glaciers and shallow seas.A more fundamental application of remote sensing is to augment conventional methods for geologic mapping of large areas. Regional maps present compositional, structural, and chronological information for reconstructing geologic revolution. Such reconstructions have important practical applications because the conditions under which rock units and other structural features are formed influence the occurrence of ore and petroleum deposits and affect the thickness and integrity of the geologic media in which the deposits are found.Geological maps incorporate a large, varied body of specific field and laboratory measurements, but the maps must be interpretative because field measurements are always limited by rock exposure, accessibility, and labor resources. With remote-sensing techniques, it is possible to obtain much geologic information more efficiently than it can be obtained on the ground. These techniques also facilitate overall interpretation. Since detailed geologic mapping is generally conducted in small areas, the continuity of regional features that had intermittent and variable expressions is often not recognized, but in the comprehensive views of Landsat images these continuities are apparent.However, some critical information cannot be obtained through remote sensing, and several characteristics of the Landsat MSS impose limitations on the acquisition of diagnostic data. Some of these limitations can be overcome by designing satellite systems specially for geologic purposes; but, to be most effective, remote sensing data must still be combinedwith data from field surveys, laboratory tests, and the techniques of the earlier twentieth century.34which of the following can be measured by the optomechanical scanner but not byvisible light photography?A.The amount of visible light reflected from oceans.B.Daily temperature changes of areas on the Earth’s surface.C.The degree of radioactivity emitted by exposed rocks on the earth’s surface.D.Atmospheric conditions over large landmasses.。
哈尔滨工业大学计算机科学与技术学科博士研究生培养方案计算机科学与技术学院2014年6月计算机科学与技术学科博士研究生培养方案说明一、培养目标1、树立爱国主义和集体主义思想，树立科学的世界观与方法论。
2、掌握本学科坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识；深入了解学科的发展现状、趋势及研究前沿，；熟练地掌握一门外国语，并具有一定的国际学术交流能力；具有独立从事科学研究的能力；能够在科学研究或专门技术上做出创新成果。
3、具有实事求是的科学精神、严谨务实的科研作风，具有良好的合作精神。
二、培养年限博士生培养年限一般为3-4年，硕博连读研究生培养年限一般为5年。
特殊情况下，经有关审批程序批准，一般博士生的培养年限最长可延至5年，硕博连读研究生的培养年限最长可延至6年。
三、研究方向为培养博士研究生独立地、创造性地从事科学研究的能力，本学科研究方向设置注重前沿性、基础性和交叉性，研究方向相对稳定。
计算机学院按照计算机科学与技术一级学科制定博士生培养方案，其主要研究方向为11个。
计算机科学与技术学科主要研究方向包括：（1）高可信高性能计算机体系结构（2）移动计算与嵌入式计算（3）计算机网络与信息安全（4）计算理论（5）海量数据计算（6）服务计算（7）生物计算与生物信息学（8）智能人机交互与数字媒体技术（9）人工智能与模式识别（10）自然语言计算与中文信息处理（11）社会计算四、培养方式博士生的培养实行博士生导师负责制。
可根据培养工作的需要确定副导师和协助指导教师。
为有利于在博士生培养中博采众长，提倡对同一研究方向的博士生成立博士生培养指导小组，对培养中的重要环节和博士学位论文中的重要学术问题进行集体讨论。
博士生培养指导小组名单应在学院备案。
五、课程设置博士生在校期间应至少修满14个学分，其中课程学习10学分，必修环节4学分。
六、学分分配1．公共课程（4学分）（1）政治理论课32学时2学分（2）博士生外语课（可以有条件免修）64学时2学分2．学科学位课程（不少于2学分）计算理论/数理统计/矩阵分析/现代数学基础/模糊数学/最优化方法6选1并行处理与体系结构（硕）机器学习（硕）3．选修课程（不少于4学分）（1）移动计算理论（2）可信计算理论（3）普适计算与移动计算（硕）（4）数据库系统原理（硕）（5）计算生物学（硕）（6）软件体系结构（含软件设计模式）（硕）（7）视频编码与传输（硕）（8）自然语言处理（硕）（9）分布式信息处理（10）先进模式识别技术（11）语音信号处理（12）多媒体技术（硕）（13）网络与信息安全（14）信息安全数学基础（15）应用与量子密码学（硕）（16）网络行为学（17）多媒体安全（硕）（18）生物特征识别（19）认知计算理论（20）社会计算（硕）（21）信息检索（硕）4．必修环节(4学分)（1）综合考评1学分（2）开题报告1学分（3）中期检查1学分（4）学术活动1学分（5）社会实践1学分注：（1）-（3）为必选环节，（4）、（5）可任选一注意关于博士课程：如若在硕士阶段修过博士培养方案中所列课程，可以选修本学科学术型硕士研究生培养方案中的其他重要学位课作为学位课，可以选修全校范围内开设的与学科有关的研究生课程作为选修课。
关于2013年博士生入学考试复试工作的通知各有关院系：根据《教育部办公厅关于做好2013年招收攻读博士学位研究生工作的通知》（教学厅…2013‟3号），现将我校2013年博士研究生复试工作的要求和安排通知如下：一、复试原则复试是进一步考查考生的综合素质和能力的重要环节，博士研究生复试录取工作要坚持“有利于拔尖创新人才选拔”，“按需招生、德智体全面衡量、择优录取、保证质量、宁缺毋滥”的原则。
二、复试分数线根据学校的发展目标及任务，同时考虑培养条件、博士生招生规模以及考生初试成绩等情况，经学校研究决定，今年我校博士生入学考试进入复试的初试成绩基本要求为：（一）工学外语成绩不低于45分，业务课单科成绩不低于55分，总分不低于175分。
（二）管理学、法学外语成绩不低于50分，业务课单科成绩不低于60分，总分不低于185分。
三、组织工作（一）我校博士生复试和录取工作实行学校、院系二级管理，各有关院系需成立由院长（主任）任组长的博士研究生复试工作领导小组，院长（主任）为本单位博士生复试工作的第一责任人。
各院系复试工作领导小组全面负责博士研究生复试的各项工作，按照学校的统一要求，制定本院系具体的复试内容及考核程序和具体实施办法。
（二）根据各院系的具体情况，可设立若干复试考核小组。
复试考核小组一般应由不少于5人的正高职人员组成，本学科博士生导师一般不少于3人，考生所报考导师应为该生复试考核小组成员。
每个复试考核小组需配备一名秘书进行记录及数据统计等事务性工作。
有考生报考的博士生导师因故不能参加复试考核工作的，可在复试前委托该复试小组中一名本学科博士生导师进行考核。
（三）实行全程回避制度。
本年度有亲属参加博士生入学考试的导师、教师和工作人员应主动回避，不得参加博士生的复试工作。
如确有考生报考的博士生导师，可在复试前委托该复试小组中一名本学科博士生导师进行考核。
四、复试基本要求（一）复试内容及考核方式主要包括外国语的听力、口语、阅读能力测试，以及专业综合面试。
哈尔滨工业大学电子与信息工程学院2014年博士生招生“申请-考核”制工作方案根据我校研院发[2013]39号文件，为吸引国内外一流高校优秀学生到我学科攻读博士学位，进一步提高博士生的招生质量，充分发挥导师和专家组在博士生招生中的作用，提高博士生招生工作的科学性和灵活性，本着有利于拔尖创新人才选拔，有利于公平、公正的原则，学院特制定2014年博士生招生实施“申请-考核”制工作方案，具体方案如下：一、申请条件1．申请者必须满足我校博士生招生简章中报考须知规定的报考条件。
2．申请者为国内高水平大学或重要科研院所全日制普通本科毕业和全日制普通硕士毕业（应届硕士生必须在博士入学前取得硕士毕业证书和学位证书）。
申请者本科或硕士毕业学科为国家重点学科或在全国学科评估中排名前25%。
3．申请者具备所攻读学科扎实的基础理论和专业知识。
申请者本科毕业时间截止到2013年9月1日不超过8年（含8年）。
4．申请者在以往的学习和工作经历中表现优异，在与报考学科相关的领域中取得较出色的学习成绩和科研成果。
5．对于确有特殊学术专长和突出科研能力，并在本学科领域已取得一定科研成果和发表较高水平学术文章的申请者，可不受第2条的限制。
二、工作程序1．报名及材料提交报名采取网上报名方式，网址：。
申请者在报名前应仔细核对本人是否符合申请条件，并按规定填写报名信息，交纳报名费，上传所需要的报名材料和近期一寸正面免冠照片。
报名结束后，申请者需认真准备如下申请材料：（1）《哈尔滨工业大学攻读博士学位研究生申请表》（网上报名成功后打印，并加盖档案所在单位或所在学校公章）一份；（2）报考导师填写的《哈尔滨工业大学攻读博士学位研究生导师考核和推荐意见表》（见附件1）一份；（3）报考学科相关领域的教授（或相当专业技术职称的专家）推荐信（见附件2）两封，报考导师不撰写推荐信，如申请者报考博士生导师和攻读硕士学位期间的导师为不同老师，其中一封推荐信原则上由申请者攻读硕士学位期间的导师撰写；（4）本人的学习、工作及学术研究的简要经历与个人陈述（格式不限）；（5）攻读博士学位期间拟进行的科学研究设想（格式不限）；（6）本科和硕士阶段的课程学习成绩单（须授课单位或档案保存单位盖章）、外语等级证书或成绩单；（7）本科和硕士的毕业证书与学位证书复印件（应届硕士生提供硕士学生证复印件）、本科和硕士的《教育部学历证书电子注册备案表》或《中国高等教育学历认证报告》复印件（应届硕士生提供《教育部学籍在线验证报告》复印件，学历和学籍认证办法见附件3）；（8）往届生提交硕士学位论文摘要和结论部分，应届生提交硕士学位论文开题报告；（9）已发表或录用的学术论文复印件；（10）其他可以体现本人学术水平与能力的相关材料等。
哈尔滨工业大学2014年博士生“申请-考核”制网上报名信息系统的填写要求1.请各位考生在网报前确认使用的是IE浏览器，并且在进行填报前删除Internet浏览器缓存中内容，重新启动计算机后填报。
2.“考生来源”一栏中，“应届硕士毕业生”是指仍在校就读即将毕业的全日制硕士研究生。
已经硕士毕业还未参加工作的考生请选择“未就业人员”。
其他已经硕士毕业的往届生，请根据本人来源状况如实选择填写。
3.“档案所在地”、“档案所在单位”、“档案所在单位地址”一栏中，填写目前档案存放单位和地址，如后期档案地址发生变化，请在录取后的调档阶段联系院（系）更改调档函地址，现阶段请勿联系和咨询学校或院（系）。
4.“硕士毕业论文标题”一栏中，应届硕士可填写论文开题标题，其他已经硕士毕业的往届生如实填写。
5. “外语等级”一栏中，考生应如实选择填写，并在提交给研招办的书面材料中附上作证材料，无材料证明的内容不可填写，否则按照虚假申请信息处理，取消考生本次及以后申报我校的资格。
6.“工作经历”一栏中，没有工作经历此项无需填写。
7. “奖惩处分”一栏中，考生应如实填写，并在提交给研招办的书面材料中附上作证材料，无材料证明的内容不可填写，否则按照虚假申请信息处理，取消考生本次及以后申报我校的资格。
没有获得奖惩此项无需填写。
8. “论文著作发表情况”一栏中，发表论文著作仅填写以第一、二作者刊出或录用的论文；检索情况选择填写“SCI\EI\核心\其他”中一项，“SCI\EI”文章需如实填写影响因子，“核心\其他”文章，“影响因子”处无需考生填写，系统会自动生成“无”。
考生应如实填写，并在提交给研招办的书面材料中附上作证材料，无材料证明的内容不可填写，否则按照虚假申请信息处理，取消考生本次及以后申报我校的资格。
没有发表文章此项无需填写。
9. “参与科研项目及专利情况，”一栏中，考生应如实填写，并在提交给研招办的书面材料中附上作证材料，无材料证明的内容不可填写，否则按照虚假申请信息处理，取消考生本次及以后申报我校的资格。
