Brief Guide for Authors

Figure Placement and Size： Figures should be submitted separately from the text, if possible. When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width. For most journals the figures should be 39 mm, 84 mm, 129 mm, or 174 mm wide and not higher than 234 mm. For books and book-sized journals, the figures should be 80 mm or 122 mm wide and not higher than 198 mm.
1）Elsevier对投稿的稿件格式要求比较松，投稿时选择“Your Paper Your Way”的方式即可。只要你投稿 时的稿件不影响审稿人阅读即可。也就是说你投稿时，直接把visio的图复制到word中就行了，调整好大 小，能看清楚，不影响正常阅读和读图。把所有的图和表按照行文组织穿插在正文中就行了。投初稿时 不用单独上传图、表等附件。只需要上传cover letter和manuscript即可。
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表的要求是 ： All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals. Tables should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order. For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the table. Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption. Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath the table body.

哈佛_论文引用格式!1 A brief guide to the Harvard System The University of Greenwich as with all universities requires that students give credit to the authors of the evidence they use to support the arguments within their essays and other assignments. Most schools within the University require that students use the Harvard system of referencing citation. This is a guide to that system giving some useful examples to which you can refer when referencing yourself. Function A bibliographical reference should contain sufficient information for you or someone else to trace the information sources you have used. It indicates that you have considered appropriate authorities and evidence in your work It acknowledges the work of others in contributing to your work. The same set of rules and grammar colons and commas should be followed every time you cite a reference consistency. Note – you ought to follow the convention of referencing dictated by your school or tutor normally the Harvard system. The components of the Harvard system The Harvard system has two main components. Firstly there is thein-text reference. Fore each item of evidence that you use from an external source a book a journal article etc. there is an entry that includes the author‟s family name and the year of the publication source that the information comes from. Note thatfor a quotation there will also be the page number for the page that the quotation came from. This works in conjunction with the second element which is known as a reference list sometimes known as a Bibliography. This is an alphabetical list by the author‟s last name which includes the full bibliographical details of the book which would enable the reader to find that source if they so wished. The in-text reference to the author‟s last name can be looked up in this list and the full detail found. As you can see then the system requires both element of in-text reference and reference list to work. Examples of how to do both elements are shown below. Citations in the text in-text reference All material taken from another writer‟s work should be acknowledged whether the work is directly quoted paraphrased or summarised. Not referencing Plagiarism Plagiarism a fancy word for stealing Citations in the text should give the author‟s name with the year of publication then all references should be listed in alphabetical order at the end of the paper/dissertation as laid out below. 2 For a single author In a study by Murthoo 1999 treatment compliance was examined….. In a study Seedhouse 1997 treatment compliance was examined …. When an author has published more than one cited document in the same year these are differentiated by addinglower cased letters after the year within the brackets. Beattie 2000a argued that public h ealth issues were ignored… Two authors: In the book by Kearney and Rainwater 2001 …. More than two authors: Singer et al 1996 contend that ….只写一个作者其余省略If more than one citation is referred to within a sentence list them all in the following form by date and then alphabetically: There are indications that childhood poverty is a strong predictor of later morbidity Wybourn and Hudson 2002 Acheson 1998 Lewis 1998 Online sources: When referencing a web page in your text it should be the Author and Year that you put in brackets and not the web page address or URL. Sometimes the author may be the organisation that publishes the web page for example the Department of Health: According to the Department of Health 2006 the quality of access to health care is one of their fundamental responsibilities. Harvard method of quoting in the text: Use quotation marks and acknowledge the author‟s name year of publication and page number of the quote in brackets. Short quotations up to 2 lines can be included in the body of the text:- Wybourn 1999 states that “being an undergraduate can be a pain” p.19. Longer quotations should be indented in a separate paragraph:- Smaje 1995 when commenting on transcultural care comments that:“Whereas multiculturalism tends to emphasise the existence of different cultural traditions in contemporary Britain and promotes tolerance and understanding anti- 3 racism places a more political emphasis on the forces that structure and determine access to power in society” If part of the quotation is omitted then this can be indicated using three dots:- Smaje 1995 states “…the existence of different cultural traditions in contemporary Britain and promotes tolerance and understanding…” p.17 Secondary referencing Where one author is referring to the work of another and the primary source is not available. You should cite the primary source and the source you have read eg Vygotsky and Piaget 2002 cited in Wybourn 2003. Secondary referencing should be avoided where possible. Find the original if you can. The Reference List – the Harvard method of listing references at the end of the text List in alphabetical order by author‟s name and then by date earliest first If more than one item has been published during a specific year by letter 1995a 1995b etc. Take information from the title page of a publication and not from the front cover which may be different. Include the elements and punctuation given in the examples below. Author‟s forenames can be included if given on the title page but this is not necessary. The title of thepublication should either be in italics or underlined. A book by a single author: Baggini J 2002 Making Sense: Philosophy behind the headlines. Oxford: Oxford University Press. A book by two authors: Searle John and Chomsky N 1997 The meaning of sense: critique arguments. 105th edn. London: Wybourn. A book by more than two authors Singer Mandela et al. 1995 Health care in a multiracial society. London: Open University Press A book by a corporate author eg a government department or other organisation: Nursing and Midwifery Council 2003 Patient-centred care: a NMC position statement on patient involvement. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council. 4 An edited book: Baumeister R. ed. 1999 The self in Social Psychology: Key readings in social psychology. Hove: Taylor and Francis. A chapter in a book Burnard P. 1997 …The self and self awareness.‟ In: K. Burns et al. eds. The Self in Society. London: Stanley Thornes. pp.17-28. An article in a journal: Valkimaki A. 1993 …Patient information systems.‟ British Journal of Nursing 131 pp.43-5. An article in a newspaper: Sabo M. 2003 …Fear of gun crime rising.‟ Guardian 26 October 2003 p.10. If no author name is given then the publisher should be used instead. Guardian 2003 Public health in decline. Guardian 24 October 2003 p11. An online source: Department of Health2006 Equality and human rights. Available at:/PolicyAndGuidance/EqualityAndHuman Rights/fs/en Accessed: 15 May 2006. A television programme Julie through the looking glass. 1992. BBC 2 4 July A video 12 Angry Men. 1957 Directed by Sidney Lumet Videocassette. Hollywood: MGM Entertainment CD ROMS Institute of Cancer Research 2000 A breath of fresh air: an interactive guide to managing breathlessness in patients with lung cancer. CD Rom. Sutton: Institute of Cancer Research Government publications White Papers contain statements of Government policy Green Papers put forward proposals for consideration and public discussion. They are cited in the same way. A White paper Department for Education and Skills 2002 14-19 next steps: the future. Cm.3390. London: Stationery Office A Green paper Department for Education and Skills 2003 Extending Opportunities: raising standards. Cm 3854. London: Stationery Office. An Act of Parliament Great Britain. Education Act 2002: Elizabeth II. Chapter 25. London: The Stationary Office.。

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCESGuide for Authors1. Submission of articles1.1. GeneralThe principal objective of the scientific literature is that it should be the secure repository of the growing body of scientific knowledge. The ‘literature’ should provid e a clear view of the current status of any branch of knowledge and can thus be used by active workers as a vital tool in the design of ongoing studies. In order to be of maximum usefulness it is important that published literature should be readily comprehen-sible to non-specialists in the subject field.This purpose can be achieved only if the following three broad criteria are adopted for material contributed to the publication process:1. A manuscript must describe new science. It should add to the ‘tre e of knowledge’. Duplic ation serves only to clutter the published literature and in some cases can lead to copyright problems.2. The subject material must be sound science, containing no errors of fact or logic.3. Papers must be written in the clearest, most precise, language possible. All terms need to be clearly de-fined and specialist jargon must be avoided.Articles are published in English. Authors whose first language is not English are urged to seek assistance with style, spelling and syntax. A high standard of English is a criterion of acceptance for publication. Language Editing (help with written English). Authors who require help with written English or copyed-iting services pre- and post-submission please visit/wps/find/authorshome.authors/languagepolishing or contactauthorsupport@ for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes respon-sibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside vendors through our services or in any adver-tising. For more information please refer to our Terms & Conditions/wps/find/termsconditions.cws_home/termsconditionsEthical Guidelines. Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previ-ously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out. Submission also implies that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher. Compliance with these requirements is mandatory and must be af-firmed in the covering letter. For more information about Elsevier’s ethical guidelines, please refer to: /wps/find/intro.cws_home/ethical_guidelinesCopyright transfer. Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright see /authors). This transfer will ensure the widest possi-ble dissemination of information. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be sent to the corresponding author.If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by Au-thors in these cases: contact Elsevier’s Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone: (+44)1865 843830, fax: (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@. Requests may also be completed on-line viathe Elsevier homepage (/locate/permissions).Processing time. Should authors be requested by the editor to revise the text, the revised version should be submitted within one month. After this period, the article will be regarded as a new submission.Accepted papers will first appear in proof format online shortly after acceptance and then in final online and printed archival format. A unique DOI number is assigned to each paper at the proof stage for refer-ence purposes.1.2 On-line submission to the journal prior to acceptanceSubmission to this journal proceeds totally online. Use the following guidelines to prepare your article. Via the online submission page of this journal (/power/) you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. 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If possible, consult a recent issue of the journal to become familiar with layout and conventions. Number all pages consecutively.Title. The title should be concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid formulae where possible. Abbreviations will not be accepted.Author names and affiliations. Present the authors’ affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.Present/permanent address. If an Author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a ‘‘Present address’’ (or ‘‘Permanent address’’) may be i ndicated as a footnote to that Author’s name. The ad dress at which the Author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.Corresponding author. Clearly indicate which author is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) for this author are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address. Article type. Please select the appropriate article type from the drop down menu in the online submisson system. When submitting papers from conference proceedings, please also clearly indicate on both the title page and in the covering letter at which conference the submitted work was presented.Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is required (100–200 words). The abstract should be written in the present tense and should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and the major con-clusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article and must be understandable in isolation. Thus, reference to formulae and equations in the main text is not permitted.Keywords. Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, ‘and’, ‘of’). Avoid abbr eviations. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.Abbreviations. Define abbreviations that are not standard in the subject field at their first occurrence in the article: in the abstract and also in the main text after it. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.Short Communications. Short Communications report the results of preliminary studies, partial research results from an ongoing study, results from studies limited in scope, or raise a critical issue or question based on such results. Short Communications should follow all the basic requirements of full paper manu-scripts, but must not exceed 12 double-spaced manuscript pages including figures, tables, text and refer-ences. An abstract must be submitted with a Short Communication.Please note: All papers that are 6 or less typeset pages in length will be automatically made Short Communication.2.2. Arrangement of the articleSubdivision of the article. Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1. (then 1.1.1., 1.1.2., . . .), 1.2., etc. (the abstract is not included in section number-ing). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to ‘the text.’ Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line. Introduction. State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background including a review of other literature on the subject. Do not include a summary of the work and results that you are presenting.Experimental/Materials and methods. Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be de-scribed.Theory and/or calculation. A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article al-ready dealt with in the Introduction and should lay the foundation for the further work that you are report-ing. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.Results. All tables and graphs should be described, but results should not be presented both in tabular and graphical form.Discussion. This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them.Conclusions. A short Conclusions section is to be presented and should itemize specific outcomes of the research.Glossary/Nomenclature. Please supply, as a separate list, the definitions of field-specific terms used in your article. The use of nomenclature and symbols adopted by IUPAC is mandatory. The IUPAC compen-dium of chemical terminology is available online/publications/compendium/index.htmlAppendices. If there is more than one appendix, the appendices should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: (Eq. A.1), (Eq. A.2), (Eq. B.1) and so forth.Acknowledgements. Place acknowledgements, including information on grants received, before the refer-ences, in a separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.References. See separate section, below.Mathematical formulae. Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line, e.g., Xp/Ym rather than XpYmPowers of e are better denoted by exp.Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separate from the text (if referred to explic-itly in the text).Number equations consecutively using Arabic numerals in parentheses: (1), (2), (3) and so forth.Footnotes. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many word-processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves on a separate sheet at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list. Table footnotes. Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.Figure captions, tables, figures, schemes. 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See/en/si/ for further information.Units should be given as, for example:mv s_1 not mV/smAh g_1 not mAh/gPreparation of supplementary data. Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material (e-components) to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author addi-tional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution im-ages, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please en-sure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instructions at:/wps/find/authors.authors/authorartworkinstructions.3. ReferencesResponsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.Citations in the text. Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and per-sonal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either ‘‘Unpublished results’’ or ‘‘Personal communication’’ Citation of a reference as ‘‘in press’’ implies that the item has been accepted for public a-tion.Citing and listing of Web references. As a minimum, the full URL should be given. 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Lupton, J. mun., 163 (2000) 51–59.Reference to a book:[2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, 1979, pp. 151–159.Reference to a chapter in an edited book:[3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing, Inc. New York, 1994, pp. 281–304.Each reference should be complete. In particular, the names of all authors should be given.4. Preparation of illustrations4.1. 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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTAAn International Journal Devoted to All Branches of Analytical ChemistryAUTHOR INFORMATION PACK TABLE OF CONTENTS• Description• Audience• Impact Factor• Abstracting and Indexing • Editorial Board• Guide for Authors p.1p.2p.2p.2p.2p.4ISSN: 0003-2670DESCRIPTIONAnalytica Chimica Acta provides a forum for the rapid publication of original research, and critical reviews dealing with all aspects of fundamental and applied modern analytical science. The journal welcomes the submission of research papers which report studies concerning the development of new and significant analytical methodologies. In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny will be placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in analytical chemistry.Manuscripts detailing fundamental research on all aspects of analytical theory and methodology (including chemometric techniques), such as innovative instrumental, chemical and biological approaches, detectors and sensors, sample treatment methods and data treatment are especially encouraged. On the other hand, papers describing the use of routine analytical methods or straightforward extension of these methods to new sample matrices will normally not be published unless new developments are described which can be demonstrated to give very clear and quantifiable advantages over existing methods. In all submissions to the journal, authors must address the question of how their proposed methodology compares with previously reported methods.It will normally be expected that where new analytical methodologies and developments are described these will be applied to a sample matrix of suitable analytical complexity. In such cases appropriate validation of the method should be provided, together with proper statistical treatment of data. Analytical performance characteristics of new methods should be given, including sensitivity, detection limits, accuracy, precision, and interferences.Reviews are normally written by prior agreement of the editors. Potential authors are encouraged to discuss the subject matter of a proposed review with the review editor, and will be asked to provide a brief outline of the subject matter of the proposed review. Review articles should be sufficiently broad in scope to appeal to a wide cross-section of the journal's readership, but should be specific enough to permit discussion to be made at an appropriate depth. Basic methodology and principles should not be included in reviews, but suitable reference should be made to sources of this information. Above all, reviews should be critical rather than enumerative and should provide the reader with expert opinion regarding the relative merits of the various published approaches to the topic under review. Figures and Tables are encouraged in review articles. Tutorials describing the fundamental principles and practical operational details of a given analytical technique, sample processing approach or chemometric method are also welcome.AUDIENCEChemists (all disciplines) in academic institutions, industry, independent laboratories and consulting firms.IMPACT FACTOR2010: 4.310 © Thomson Reuters Journal Citation Reports 2011ABSTRACTING AND INDEXINGAluminum AbstractsAnalytical AbstractsBIOSISChemical AbstractsCurrent Contents/Physics, Chemical, & Earth SciencesEMBASEEngineered Materials AbstractsMEDLINE®Mass Spectrometry BulletinMaterial Business AlertsMetals AbstractsScience Citation IndexScopusEDITORIAL BOARDEditorsR.P. Baldwin, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA, Email: rick.baldwin@N.W. Barnett, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC. 3125, Australia, Email: barnie@.auW.W. Buchberger, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes-Kepler-Universität Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria, Email: wolfgang.buchberger@jk.uni-linz.ac.atL.M.C. Buydens, Kwekerijweg 99, 6525 RZ Nijmegen, Netherlands, Email: l.buydens@science.ru.nlP.K. Dasgupta, Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, UTA Box 19065, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA, Email: dasgupta@U.J. Krull, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Toronto at Mississauga (UTM), 3359 Mississauga Road North, MISSISSAUGA, L5L 1C6, Canada, Email: Ulrich.Krull@utoronto.caJ.P. Landers, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4319, USA, Email: jpl5e@L. Li, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Canada, Email: liang.li@ualberta.caJ. Pawliszyn, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N1G 2W1, Canada, Email: janusz@uwaterloo.caP.J. Worsfold, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK, Email: p.worsfold@Review EditorM. Miró, Dept. of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Email: manuel.miro@uib.esEditorial AdvisorsF.C. Adams, Wilrijk- Antwerpen, BelgiumF.V. Bright, Binghamton, NY, USAA. de Juan, Barcelona, SpainM.T.C. de Loos-Vollebregt, Delft, NetherlandsQ. Fang, Hangzhou, ChinaP.S. Francis, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaC. Gooijer, Amsterdam, NetherlandsG.M. Greenway, Hull, UKP.R. Haddad, Hobart, TAS, AustraliaP.C. Hauser, Basel, SwitzerlandC..S. Henry, Fort Collins, CO, USAB. Karlberg, Stockholm, SwedenH. Kataoka, Okayama, JapanW.R. LaCourse, Baltimore, MD, USAR. Leardi, Genova, ItalyE.C. Lima, Porto Alegre, BrazilP.A. Limbach, Cincinnati, OH, USAD.M. Lubman, Ann Arbor, MI, USACh.A. Lucy, Edmonton, AB, CanadaM. Macka, Dublin 9, Glasnevin, IrelandF. Marini, Roma, ItalyL.B. McGown, Troy, NY, USAI. McKelvie, Victoria, AustraliaZ. Mester, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK.K. Murray, Baton Rouge, LA, USAP.N. Nesterenko, Hobart, TAS, AustraliaS.V. Olesik, Columbus, OH, USAG. Ouyang, Guangzhou, ChinaH.L. Pardue, West Lafayette, IN, USAC.J. Patton, Denver, CO, USAS. Pedersen-Bjergaard, Oslo, NorwayC. Ruckebusch, Lille, FranceK.A. Schug, Arlington, TX, USAR.A. Shalliker, Penrith South DC, NSW, Australia K.W.M. Siu, Toronto, ON, CanadaT.S. Thompson, Edmonton, AB, CanadaA. Townshend, Hull, UKC.M.G. van den Berg, Liverpool, UKX-P. Yan, Tianjin, ChinaE.A.G. Zagatto, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil H. Zou, Dalian, ChinaGUIDE FOR AUTHORSINTRODUCTIONAnalytica Chimica Acta provides a forum for the rapid publication of original research, and critical reviews dealing with all aspects of fundamental and applied modern analytical science. The journal welcomes the submission of research papers which report studies concerning the development of new and significant analytical methodologies. In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny will be placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in analytical chemistry.Manuscripts detailing fundamental research on all aspects of analytical theory and methodology (including chemometric techniques), such as innovative instrumental, chemical and biological approaches, detectors and sensors, sample treatment methods and data treatment are especially encouraged. On the other hand, papers describing the use of routine analytical methods or straightforward extension of these methods to new sample matrices will normally not be published unless new developments are described which can be demonstrated to give very clear and quantifiable advantages over existing methods. In all submissions to the journal, authors must address the question of how their proposed methodology compares with previously reported methods.It will normally be expected that where new analytical methodologies and developments are described these will be applied to a sample matrix of suitable analytical complexity. In such cases appropriate validation of the method should be provided, together with proper statistical treatment of data. Analytical performance characteristics of new methods should be given, including sensitivity, detection limits, accuracy, precision, and interferences.Types of paperAnalytica Chimica Acta publishes original papers, and reviews dealing with every aspect of modern analytical chemistry. Reviews are normally written by prior agreement of the editors. Potential authors are encouraged to discuss the subject matter of a proposed review with the review editor, and will be asked to provide a brief outline of the subject matter of the proposed review. Review articles should be sufficiently broad in scope to appeal to a wide cross-section of the journal's readership, but should be specific enough to permit discussion to be made at an appropriate depth. Basic methodology and principles should not be included in reviews, but suitable reference should be made to sources of this information. Above all, reviews should be critical rather than enumerative and should provide the reader with expert opinion regarding the relative merits of the various published approaches to the topic under review. Figures and Tables are encouraged in review articles. Tutorials describing the fundamental principles and practical operational details of a given analytical technique, sample processing approach or chemometric method are also welcome.Note: Analytica Chimica Acta does not distinguish between papers submitted individually or via a symposium. Consequently symposium papers are subject to the same stringent refereeing procedures as other papers.BEFORE YOU BEGINEthics in publishingFor information on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see /publishingethics and /ethicalguidelines.Conflict of interestAll authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. See also /conflictsofinterest.Submission declaration and verificationSubmission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any otherlanguage, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection software iThenticate. See also /editors/plagdetect.Changes to authorshipThis policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts:Before the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Journal Manager from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must include: (a) the reason the name should be added or removed, or the author names rearranged and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, fax, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the Journal Manager to the corresponding author, who must follow the procedure as described above. Note that: (1) Journal Managers will inform the Journal Editors of any such requests and (2) publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship has been agreed.After the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Any requests to add, delete, or rearrange author names in an article published in an online issue will follow the same policies as noted above and result in a corrigendum.CopyrightUpon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright see /copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult /permissions). If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult /permissions.Retained author rightsAs an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details you are referred to: /authorsrights.Role of the funding sourceYou are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated. Please see /funding.Funding body agreements and policiesElsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit /fundingbodies.Open accessThis journal offers you the option of making your article freely available to all via the ScienceDirect platform. To prevent any conflict of interest, you can only make this choice after receiving notification that your article has been accepted for publication. The fee of $3,000 excludes taxes and other potential author fees such as color charges. In some cases, institutions and funding bodies have entered into agreement with Elsevier to meet these fees on behalf of their authors. Details of these agreements are available at /fundingbodies. Authors of accepted articles, who wish to take advantage of this option, should complete and submit the order form (available at /locate/openaccessform.pdf). Whatever access option you choose, you retain many rights as an author, including the right to post a revised personal version of your article on your own website. More information can be found here: /authorsrights .Language and language servicesPlease write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit /languageservices or our customer support site at for more information.SubmissionSubmission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts source files to a single PDF file of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF files at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail removing the need for a paper trail.Please submit your article via /locate/issn/00032670RefereesAuthors are encouraged to identify four persons who are qualified to serve as reviewers. Authors are requested not to suggest reviewers with whom they have a personal or professional relationship, especially if that relationship would prevent the reviewer from having an unbiased opinion of the work of the authors. A working e-mail address for each reviewer is essential for rapid review in the event that reviewer is selected from those that are identified by the authors. You may also select reviewers you do not want to review your manuscript, but please state your reason for doing so. PREPARATIONUse of wordprocessing softwareIt is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: /guidepublication). Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic artwork.To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your wordprocessor.Please use line numbering and double spacing for the manuscript at the time of submission. Article structureSubdivision - numbered sectionsDivide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.IntroductionState the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.Materials and methodsExperimental The experimental methods should be described after the introductory material. Detailed experimental descriptions should be restricted to one section of the paper. Sufficient detail should be given to allow any experienced worker to implement the procedures described. Procedural steps should not be numbered.ResultsResults should be clear and concise.DiscussionThis should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.ConclusionsThis should include key findings of the research, quantitative analytical performance figures (if appropriate) and their significance to real sample matrices.AppendicesIf there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.Essential title page information• Title.Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.• Author names and affiliations.Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes. AbstractA concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. KeywordsImmediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.AbbreviationsDefine abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article. AcknowledgementsCollate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).Nomenclature, abbreviations and symbolsPlease use L for litres. Always leave a space between units and use superscripts rather than /. For instance: use mg mL-1 and not mg/ml. Do not use ppm or ppb to denote solid/liquid concentrations. Do not use abbreviations in the title or keywords. Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field at their first occurrence in both the abstract and the main text. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the remainder of the manuscript.In all other cases, the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) should be followed, and attention should be given to the recommendations of the Analytical Chemistry Division in the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry (see also IUPAC Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature, Definitive Rules, 1987).Math formulaePresent simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).FootnotesFootnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.Table footnotesIndicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.ArtworkElectronic artworkGeneral points• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.• Save text in illustrations as 'graphics' or enclose the font.• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.• Provide captions to illustrations separately.• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.• Submit each figure as a separate file.A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:/artworkinstructionsYou are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here. FormatsRegardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.TIFF: Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required. If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply 'as is'.Please do not:• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;• Supply files that are too low in resolution;• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.Color artworkPlease make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version. For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color: in print or on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see /artworkinstructions.Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting color figures to 'gray scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for color in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the color illustrations.Figure captionsEnsure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. TablesNumber tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.Biographies and photographsAuthors of reviews and tutorials will be required to upload a colour image and short biography of each individual author. Biographies should contain 2 to 3 sentences (max 100 words) indicating authors' present affiliation, number of publications, awards, current research interests and website if available. ReferencesCitation in textPlease ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.Web referencesAs a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.References in a special issuePlease ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.Reference management softwareThis journal has standard templates available in key reference management packages EndNote (/support/enstyles.asp) and Reference Manager (/support/rmstyles.asp). Using plug-ins to wordprocessing packages, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article and the list of references and citations to these will be formatted according to the journal style which is described below. Reference styleText: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.Example: '..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ....'List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.Examples:Reference to a journal publication:[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2010) 51–59.Reference to a book:[2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, fourth ed., Longman, New York, 2000. Reference to a chapter in an edited book:[3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing, Inc. New York, 2009, pp. 281–304.Journal abbreviations sourceJournal names should be abbreviated according toIndex Medicus journal abbreviations: /tsd/serials/lji.html;List of title word abbreviations: /2-22661-LTWA-online.php;CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service): /sent.html.。