(完整版)神经外科英文词汇汇总(DOC),推荐文档

神经外科英语词汇Carotico-cavernous fistula血管瘤一头皮和颅骨损伤Angiomas诊断名词Scalp and skull injury神经纤维瘤髓母细胞瘤原发伤Neurofibroma Medulloblastoma Primary lesions蛛网膜囊肿室管膜瘤蛛网膜下腔出血Arachnoid cyst Ependymoma Subarachnoid hemorrhage脊髓空洞少枝胶质瘤颅内血肿Syringomyelia Oligodendroglioma Intracranial hematoma髓内肿瘤脑膜瘤/clot Intramedullary tumour Meningioma硬膜外血肿颅内动脉瘤颅咽管瘤Epidural hematoma Intracranial aneurysm Craniopharyngioma硬膜下血肿梗阻性脑积水神经瘤Subdural heamtoma Obstructive hydrocephalus Neuroma弥漫性轴索损伤头痛听神经瘤diffuse axonal injury HeadacheAcoustic Neuroma挫伤视乳头水肿血管母细胞瘤Contusion Papilloedema Hemangioblastoma裂伤呕吐胶质瘤laceration VomitingGlioma继发伤偏盲星形细胞瘤Secondary lesions Hemianopsia Astrocytoma脑肿胀癫痫胶母细胞瘤Brain swelling EpilepsyGlioblastoma颅骨骨折失语畸胎瘤Skull fracture aphasiaTeratoma脑脓肿三叉神经痛胆脂瘤Brain abscess Trigeminal neuralgia Cholesteatoma脑膜炎胶样囊肿上皮样囊肿Meningitis Colloid Cyst Epidermoids cyst脑脊液漏垂体卒中脊索瘤CSF leak Pituitary apoplexy Chordoma鼻漏二松果体瘤Rhinorrhea解剖名词Pineal tumour耳漏中枢神经系统生殖细胞瘤Otorrhea Central nervous system Germinoma化脓性脑膜炎矢状窦旁骨瘤Pyogenic Meningitis Parasagittalosteoma耳源脓肿凸面先天性肿瘤Otogenic abscess ConvexityCongenital tumour无菌性脑膜炎溴沟颈Aseptic meningitis Olfactory grooveA-硬膜下积液脊髓海绵窦漏Subdural effusions Spinal cord1颈段Vagus n. protuberanceCervical segment副神经蝶骨胸段Accessory n. Sphenoid bone Thoracic segment舌下神经蝶鞍腰(骶)段Hypoglossal n. Sella turcicaLumbar segment颈神经鞍结节灰质Cervical n. Tubercle of sellaeGray matter脊柱蝶窦白质Vertebral column Sphenoidal sinusWhite matter颈椎颞骨白质前连合Cervical vertebrae Temporal boneAnterior white commissure胸椎乳突锥体Thoracic vertebrae Mastoid process Pyramid腰椎内耳门锥体束Lumbar vertebrae Internal acoustic port Pyramidal tract骶椎顶骨第4脑室Sacral vertebrae Parietal boneFourth ventricle尾椎额骨脑桥Coccygeal vertebrae Frontal bonePons椎体额结节小脑Vertebral body Frontal tuber Cerebellum椎管颅前窝小脑回Vertebral canal Anterior cranial fossa Cerebellar gyri椎孔颅中窝小脑半球Vertebral foramen Middle cranial fossa Cerebellar hemisphere椎弓颅后窝Procedures Vertebral arch Posterior cranial fossa鼻椎弓根斜坡Nose Clivus棘突内听道Spinous process后交通动脉Internal auditory Meatus Posterior communicating横突寰椎Transverse process a.Atlas枢椎脉络膜前动脉寰枕的Axis Anterior choroidal a. Atlanto-occipital颅骨大脑前动脉面神经Skull Anterior cerebral a. Facial n.枕骨前交通动脉位听神经Occipital bone Anterior communicating a. Vestibulocochlear n.枕骨大孔大脑中动脉前庭神经Foramen magnum Middle cerebral a.Vestibular portion枕鳞椎动脉舌咽神经Occipital squama小脑后下动脉Glossopharyngeal n. Posterior inferior枕外隆突迷走神经External occipital cerebellar a.2基底动脉Fourth ventricul脱水Basilar a. Dehydration三小脑前下动脉症状体征名词多尿Anterior inferior Polyuria低血压cerebellar a. Hypotension耳鸣小脑上动脉高血压TinnitusSuperior cerebellar a. Hypertension麻痹大脑后动脉放疗Paralysis Posterior cerebral a. Radiotherapy脑水肿横窦并发症Brain edema Transverse sinus Complications眩晕乙状窦发热VertigoSigmoid sinus Pyrexia头晕枕窦感染Dizziness Occipital sinus infection晕厥上矢状窦中枢性高热FaintingSuperior sagittal sinus Central hyperpyrexia偏瘫下矢状窦伤口感染Hemiplegia Inferior sagittal sinus Wound infection幕上直窦尿路感染Supratentorial Straight sinus Urinary infection侧面的海绵窦意识恶化,Cavernous sinus Deteriorating conscious旁边的脑膜中动脉level LateralMiddle meningeal a.抗菌素抽搐颅内压增高Antibiotics Convulsion Raised intracranial肢端肥大肢体pressure Acromegaly Limbs颅腔眼睑肿胀尿崩症Cranial cavity Swelling of the eyelids Diabetes insipidus 脑脊液预后肥胖Cerebrospinal fluid Prognosis Obesity额,顶,颞,枕深昏迷复视Frontal parietal Deeply coma Diplopia神经胶质增生眼震temporaloccipitalNystagmus 幕下GliosisInfratentorial 共济失调退行发育ataxia 侧面的,间变脑疝LateralHerniation 桥脑小脑角AnaplasiaCerebello-pontine angle 去脑强直眼球突出Decerebrate rigidity 枕大孔ProptosisForamen magnum 颈强直斜视Stiff neck 四室External Strabismus3恶性的microvascular dysdiadochokinesia(n Malignant decompression轮替功能障碍）四开颅术dysmetria手术名词（动幅障碍辨距不Craniotomy活检肿瘤切除术良）Biopsy Tumor resection amplitude(n Ulceration全麻广大广阔振幅）皮瓣General anesthesia titubation(nScalp flap局麻蹒跚）骨瓣Local anesthesia ataxia(nBone flap脑室体外引流共济失调）探查external ventricul stylopharyngeus(n Exploration drainage茎突咽肌）额部入路颅骨修补重建术overlap(vtForntal approach Cranioplasty部分重叠经蝶手术shrug(vt nTrans-sphenoidal耸肩）重叠部分）operation intermittent(adj hoarseness(n全切间歇的断断续续的）嘶哑刺耳）Total removal sternocleidomastoid( accessory(n分流附件nShort-Circuiting胸锁乳突肌）配件）血栓deviate(vt innervate(vt Thrombosis偏离越轨）受神经支配促使活动）囊状genioglossus(n sternocleidomastoid( A n颏舌肌）瘤胸锁乳突肌）amyotrophic(adjSaccular aneurysm intermit(v营养的三叉有关营养的）中Trifurcation myasthenia (n断）分叉肌无力）protrusion(n Bifureation latter(adj伸出突出）保守治疗后半的接近终老的）deviate(vt Conservative fasciculation(n偏离treatment簇生束状自发性收缩越轨）清血肿肌震束颤）genioglossus(n Evacuation of volitional(adj颏舌肌）Haematoma amyotrophic(adjagonist(n意志的）经鼻蝶入路肌萎缩的）Trans-nasal myasthenia(n收缩筋）sphenoidal antagonist(n肌无力）approach latter(adj对立者对手敌手）三叉神经微血管减压术后半的接近终了的后者synergy(nTrigeminal协同配合）的）4fasciculation(n hyperreflexia(n过早的束反射亢进）提前的状未到期的hypotonia(n簇生自发性收缩张力减退）早产的）肌震束颤diminish(vt suture(n肌束抽搐）减小缩小）缝合volitional(adj myelopathy(n缝伤口意志的）脊髓病缝线agonist(n vt骨髓病）收缩筋）缝合伤口）spontaneous(adjantagonist(n fusion(n自发的无意识的天真的对立对手敌手）帅直的）熔合synergy(n inspect(vt联和合并）协同配合）检查symptomatic(adj dysdiadochokinesis(检验症候的n视察）症兆的轮替运动障碍）有症状的根据症状的）出席到场presence(ndysmetria(n prominence(n辨距不良，动幅障碍）仪表仪态）声望amplitude(n imply(vt杰出广大暗示暗指）突出广阔振幅）重denervate(vtremor(n切除神经）要震颤lateral spinothalamic发抖）trace(n fontanelle(n titubation(n要事）脊髓丘脑侧束）囟门）蹒跚）column(n concave(adjtandem(n圆柱凹的）串联）柱）sunken(adjclonus(n somatotopical(adj沉没的阵挛）沉入水底的random(adj凹陷的）任意的）躯体定位区的）无计划的millimeter(nlamination(n随机的）circuit(n毫米）palpate(vt叠片结构）dermal(adj电路线路环行环行道）触诊）皮肤的真皮的）discriminate(vt bulge(nauscutation(n分别区别区分膨胀听诊）vi肿起asymmetry(n歧视）Vt不对称）spasticity(n膨胀突出鼓起）microcephaly(n痉挛erect(adj小头畸形）premature(adj状态强直状态）竖5立的消失直立的浪费）arachnoidgranulations挺立的辅助检查velum(nvt assistant膜）使直立使竖起）deviate investigationdenote(vt （vt 偏离越轨）星形胶质细胞瘤指示指出）hypertonia(n astrocytoma transillumination(n张力亢进）共济失调透视法）flexor(n ataxiaeffusion(n屈肌）耳颞神经流出物渗出泻出）pincer(n auriculotemporal n. percussion(n钳子）自主神经系统打击乐器组）grip(n autonomic nervous reliable(adj system紧可靠的握抓牢控制掌握轴突可信赖的）vt a x o ngestation(n紧握抓紧）怀孕asymmetry(n怀孕期孕育）不对称）pupillary(adj choreiform(n瞳孔的）舞蹈病的）blink(n modulate(vt眨眼调整调节缓和）一瞬间flexion(n闪亮闪烁弯曲弯曲状态）vt nociceptive(adj眨疼痛的眼睛）有疼痛反应的）anisocoria(n noxious(adj瞳孔不等）有害的有毒的）obliteration(n plantar(adj涂去脚底的）删除）副神经pulsation(n accessory n.跳动传入神经元有节奏的跳动afferent(sensory)震neuron动）血管瘤expansile(adj aneurysm可扩张的前角扩大的anterior horn膨胀性的）孔dissipate(vt aperture驱散蛛网膜颗粒6。

A癌瘤 Carcinomatosis癌性脑膜炎 Carcinomatous meningitis 鞍背 Dorsum sellae 鞍结节 Tuberculum sellae 鞍区和鞍旁 Sellar and parasellar B 疤痕组织 scar tissue 巴氏征 Extensor plantar reflex 白质 White matter 白质前连合 Anterior white commissure半切 Hemisection半月神经节 Trigeminal semilunarganglion 板障静脉Diploic v.棒状体 Nuclei gracilis 包裹 Wrpping 保守治疗 Conservative treatment 背侧副橄榄核 Dorsal accessory olivary nucleus背侧纵束 Dorsal longitudinalfasciculus 背核 Dorsal nucleus 苯巴比妥 Phenobarbitone鼻窦paranasal sinus 鼻溢 Rhinorrhoea 臂丛 Brachial plexus 臂神经病 Brachial neuropathy 比重 Specific gravity 标准 Criteria 并发症 Complications 病理特征pathological features 病因 Aetiology 薄束 Slender fasciculus薄束核 Nucleus gracilis不典型面痛 Atypical facial pain不可达到的 InaccessibleC 侧角 Lateral horn 侧块 Lateral masses 侧面的,旁边的 Lateral 侧室Lateral ventricles侧索 Lateral funiculus侧索核 Lateral nucleus 侧柱 Lateral column 插管Intubation成血管细胞性脑膜瘤 Angioblastic Meningioma 齿突 Dens齿突间韧带Apical dental lig. 齿凹Fovea for dens 抽搐Convulsion 出血性脑梗塞Haemorrgagic infarction 垂体柄Pituitary stalk 垂体机能低下 Hypopituitarism 垂体机能低下危象 Hypopituitary crises 垂体切除Hypophysectomy 垂体窝Hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝Pituitary fossa 垂体卒中Pituitary apoplexy 次裂Seconary fissure 挫伤和裂伤Contusion and lacerationD打呵 Yawning大伦丁(笨妥英钠) Epanutin (dilantin) 大脑半球Cerebral hemispheres 大脑大静脉Great cerebral v. 大脑后动脉Posterior cerebral a. 大脑内静脉Internal cerebral v.大脑前动脉Anterior cerebral a.大脑前静脉Anterior cerebral v.大脑上静脉Superior cerebral v.大脑下静脉Inferior cerebral v.大脑中动脉Middle cerebral a.大脑中浅静脉Superficial middle cerebral v.大脑中深静脉Deep middle cerebral v. 大翼Greater wings单克隆抗体Monoclonal antibodies胆脂瘤Cholesteatoma导水管Agueduct of sylvious导血管Emissary v.蒂Pedicle骶段Sacral segment骶骨Sacrum骶椎Sacral vertebrae第4脑室Fourth ventricle第4脑室带Taeniae of fourth ventricle 第4脑室顶Roof of fourth ventricle第4脑室脉络组织Chorioid tela of fourth ventricle低温Hypothermia低血压Hypotension癫痫Epilepsy癫痫持续状态Status epilepticus蝶鞍Sella turcica蝶顶窦Sphenoparietal sinus蝶顶缝Sphenoparietal suture蝶窦Sphenoidal sinus蝶额缝Sphenofrontal suture蝶骨Sphenoid bone蝶骨棘Spine of sphenoid bone蝶骨翼Sphenoidal wings蝶嵴Sphenoidal crest蝶鳞缝Sphenosquamous suture蝶筛缝Sphenoethmoidal suture蝶岩裂Spheno-petrosal fissure顶盖脊髓束Tectospinal tract顶骨Parietal bone顶结节Parietal tuber顶乳突缝Parietomastoid suture顶叶空间感觉障碍Parietal spatial disorders顶枕支Parietooccipital branch顶支Parietal branches定位症状体征Localising symptoms andsigns动脉沟Groove for a.动脉痉挛Arterial spasm动脉硬化性梭形扩张Fusiform arterioscleroticdilatation动眼神经瘫Oculomotor palsy动做迟缓Bradykinesia窦汇Confluence of sinuses窦栓塞Sinus thrombosis窦外侧隐窝Lateral lacunae窦炎Sinusitis豆纹支Striate branches对比剂放射学Contrast radiology对诊法Confrontation多尿PolyuriaE额部入路Forntal approach额,顶,颞,枕Frontal parietal temporaloccipital额缝Frontal suture额骨Frontal bone额结节Frontal tuber额颧缝Frontozygomatic suture 额叶综合征Frontal lobe syndromes 额支Frontal branches恶性的Malignant恶性质Cachexic耳大神经Great auricular n.耳后静脉Posterior auricular v.耳聋Deafness耳漏Otorrhoea耳鸣Tinnitus耳蜗腹核、背核Ventral and dorsal cochlear nucleus耳炎Otitis耳炎性脑积水Otitic hydrocephalus耳源脓肿Otogenic abscessF发热和感染Pyrexia and infection发音困难Dysphonia发作Episode烦躁不安Restlessness房颤Auricular fibrillation放疗Radiotherapy放疗敏感的肿瘤Radiosensitive tumours放射痛Radicular pain放射性坏死Radionecrosis方叶Quadrangular lobule非定位性神经症状Non-localising mentalsymptoms肥胖,高脂Obesity肺栓塞Pulmonary embolism分叉Bifureation分流Short-Circuitingprocedures缝际Raphe蜂窝织炎Cellulitis缝线脓肿Stitch abscesses腹壁反射Abdominal reflex妇产科Obstetrics-Gynecology(OBGYN)复膜Tectorial membrane副神经Accessory n.副作用side effects复视Diplopia副突Accessory process辅助性化疗Adjuvant chemotherapyG钙化Calcification感觉性失语Sensory dysphasia感觉异常Paraesthesiae感觉运动异常Sensorimotor disturbance橄榄核Inferior olivary nucleus橄榄核门Hilus of olivary nucleus橄榄体Olive橄榄小脑束Olivocerebellar tract高渗Osmolarity高渗液Hypertonic solutions根切断术Root section梗阻性脑积水Obstructivehydrocephalus巩膜Sclera弓状核Arcuate nucleus构音障碍Dysarthria骨瓣Bone flap骨骼畸形Skeletal deformity骨科Orthopedics骨髓炎Osteomyelitis骨箦Osteophytes鼓室上动脉Superior tympanic a.孤立Trapping孤束Tractus solitarius孤束核Solitary nucleus姑息的方法Palliative procedures 固有束Proper bundle关节囊Articular capsule关节强硬性脊椎炎Ankylosing spondylitis 关节位置觉Joint position sense冠状缝Coronary sutureH海绵窦Cavernous sinus海绵窦综合征Cavernous sinus syndroms海绵间静脉窦Intercavernous sinus 含糊语言Slurred speech鼾息状周期呼吸Stertorous periodic respiration横窦Transverse sinus横沟Groove for transverse sinus横突Transverse process横突孔Transverse foramen横突肋凹Facet for tubercle of rib 横突前结节Anterior tubercle of transverse process 红核脊髓束Rubrospinal tract红细胞增多Polycythaemia后床突Posterior clinoid process后尖角Tip of posterior horn后角Posterior horn后交通动脉Posterior communicatinga.后颅凹Posterior fossa后脑Metencephalon后前位Postero-anterior后髓帆Inferior medullary velum后索Dorsal funiculus后外侧沟Posterolateral sulcus后外侧裂Posterolateral fissure后外侧束Dorsolateral fasciculus后正中沟Posterior median sulcus后中间沟Posterior intermediatesulcus后柱Posterior column后组颅神经Bulbar nerves呼吸困难Dyspnea化疗Chemotherapy化脓性脑膜炎Pyogenic Meningitis缓和Remission环枢外侧关节Lateral atlantoaxial joint环枢正中关节Median atlantoaxial joint环椎Atlas环椎横韧带Transverse lig. of atlas环椎十字韧带Cruciform lig. of atlas寰枕的Atloido-occipital寰椎Atlas黄斑Macula黄变Xanthochromia灰质Gray matter灰质柱Gray column昏睡Drowsiness活检BiopsyJ基底动脉Basilar a.基底沟Basilar sulcus基底节Basal ganglia基底静脉Basilar v.基底静脉丛Basilar plexus继发伤Secondary lesions继发视神经萎缩secondary optic atrophy鸡冠Crista galli脊丘束Spinothalamic tract脊神经沟Groove for spinal nerve 脊神经后根切开Posterior rhirotomy脊髓Spinal cord脊髓顶盖束Spinotectal tract脊髓断面Sections of spinal cord 脊髓根Spinal root脊髓横断伤Transverse spinal lesion 脊髓后动脉Posterior spinal a.脊髓空洞Syringomyelia脊髓前侧切开术Cordotomy脊髓前动脉Anterior spinal a.脊髓丘脑侧束Lateral spinothalamic tract脊髓丘脑前束Ventral spinothalamic tract脊髓索Funiculi of spinal cord 脊髓小脑后束Dorsal spinocerebellar Tract脊髓小脑前束Ventral spinocerebellar Tract脊髓移位Cord displaced脊髓圆锥Medullary cone 脊髓造影Myelography脊髓纵裂Diastematomyelia脊索瘤Chordoma脊支Spinal branches脊柱Vertebral column脊椎后侧凸Kyphoscoliosis脊椎前移Spondylolisthesis棘孔Foramen spinosum棘突Spinous process机能障碍dysfunction畸胎瘤Teratoma畸形,变形Deformities甲基睾丸素Methyltestosterone甲状腺机能减退Hypothyroidism甲状腺素Thyroxine假性脑膜炎Meningism假性球麻痹Pseudobulbar palsy假性视乳头水肿Pseudopapillo edema加压素Vasopressin鉴别诊断Differential diagnosis简单小叶Simple lobule睑缝术Tarsorraphy间盘脱出Prolapsed intervertebraldisc缄默症Mutism降低脑压Reducing brain tension角膜Cornea角膜感觉缺失Corneal anasthesia角膜干燥,擦伤Corneal drying andabrasion角膜炎Keratitis胶母细胞瘤Glioblastoma胶样囊肿Colloid Cyst胶质瘤Glioma胶状质Gelatinous substance界沟Limiting groove结节性多A炎Polyarteritis nodosa经蝶手术Trans-sphenoidaloperation痉挛性力弱Spastic weakness静脉窦Venous sinuses静脉堵塞Venous obstruction静脉沟Groove for v.颈Cervical颈A-海绵窦漏Carotico-cavernous fistula颈动脉沟Carotid sulcus颈动脉管Carotid canal颈动脉管静脉丛Venous plexus in carotid canal颈动脉结节Carotid tubercle颈动脉血管造影Carotid angiography颈段Cervical segment颈静脉弓Jugular arch颈静脉结节Jugular tubercle颈静脉孔Jugular foramen颈静脉切迹Jugular notch颈静脉窝Jugular fossa颈膨大Cervical enlargement颈前静脉Anterior jugular v.颈强直Stiff neck颈外静脉External jugular v.颈椎Cervical vertebrae颈椎关节强硬Cervical spondylosis颈椎畸形Craniovertebral anomaly 颈椎融合Fusion of adjacent cervical vertebrat颈总结扎Common carotid ligation 精神病Psychosis精神病学家Psychiatrist精神混乱Mental confusion精神障碍Mental disorder局部定向障碍Topographicaldisorientation局部防治local control局灶性神经科异常Focal neurologicaldisordersK开颅术Craniotomy抗菌素Antibiotics抗凝剂Anticoagulants康复Rehabilitation颗粒小凹Granular foveolae可疑肿瘤复发Suspected tumourrecurrence肯尼迪综合征(脑前叶综合征)Foster kennedy syndrome控制呼吸Controlled respiration眶部Pars orbitalis眶-颅入路Orbito-cranial approach眶内肉芽肿Orbital granuloma眶内肿瘤Orbital tumor眶上孔或眶上切迹Supra-orbital foramen ornotch眶上裂Superior orbital fissure眶上缘Supraorbital margins眶支Orbital branches溃疡Ulceration扩约肌Sphincter扩张DistensionL蓝斑Locus coeruleus肋横突侧韧带Lateral costotransverselig.肋横突关节Costotransverse joints肋横突孔Costotransverse foramen肋横突韧带Costotransverse lig.肋横突上韧带Superior costotransverselig.肋突Costal process肋小头辐状韧带Radiate lig. of heads ofribs肋小头关节Joints of heads of ribs肋小头关节间韧带Intra-articular lig. Ofheads of ribs肋椎关节Costovertebral joints力弱Weakness立体定向外科Stereotaxic surgery立体定向放射外科 Stereotactic radiosurgery 良性的 benign 良性高颅压 Benign intracranial hypertension裂孔 Hiatus 鳞缝Squamous suture鳞乳突缝 Squamosomastoid suture 菱形窝 Rhomboid fossa瘤颈夹闭 Clipping of nech隆椎 Prominent vertebrae颅骨成形术 Cranioplasty颅骨骨折 Skull fracture颅骨X 线照相 Plain skull radiography 颅底内面 Internal surface of base ofskull 颅后窝 Posterior cranial fossa 颅内A 痛 Intracranial aneurysms 颅内压增高 Raised intracranialpressure 颅内血肿 Intracranial clot 颅内肿瘤的解剖分类 Anatomical classification of intracranial tumours 颅前窝 Anterior cranial fossa颅中窝 Middle cranial fossa颅腔Cranial cavity 颅咽管瘤 Craniopharyngioma 卵圆孔 Foramen ovale卵圆孔静脉丛 Venous plexus in oval foramenM 麻木 Numbness 麻痹 Paralysis马尾 Cauda equina脉搏减慢 Falling pulse rate脉络丛 Choroid plexuses脉络丛静脉 Choroid v.脉络膜前动脉 Anterior choroidal a. 脉络膜支(后) Chorioid branch慢性不足 Chronic deficiency 慢性肺气肿Chronic emphysema 慢性遗忘综合征 Chronic amnestic syndrome眉间 Glabella 眉弓 Superciliary arches 霉菌A 瘤Mycotic aneurysm 面神经 Facial n.面神经核 Facial nucleus面神经管 Facial canal面神经管膝Geniculum of facial canal 面神经丘Facial colliculus 面神经膝Genu of facial n. 面痛Facial pain 免疫组化 Immunology 弥漫性损伤Diffuse neuronal damage 迷路动脉Labyrinthine a. 迷路静脉Labyrinthine v. 泌尿科 Urology 迷走神经 Vagus n.迷走神经背核Dorsal nucleus of vagus 迷走神经三角（灰翼） Trigone of vagus n. 命名性失语Nominal dysphasia 膜分流Thecal shunts 幕上Supratentorial 幕下InfratentorialN难染性腺瘤Chromophobe adenoma 脑白质切断术 Leucotomy 脑底动脉环Cerebral arterial circle 脑电图Electroencephalogram 脑动脉 Cerebral a.脑动脉硬化Cerebral arteriosclerosis 脑脊液Cerebrospinal fluid脑脊液漏CSF leak脑膜副动脉Accessory meningeal branch脑膜瘤Meningioma脑膜炎Meningitis脑膜中动脉Middle meningeal a.脑桥Pons脑桥背部Dorsal portion of pons脑疝Herniation脑室脑池切开术Ventriculo-cisternostomy 脑实质Parenchymal(brain)脑移位Brain shift脑水肿Brain swelling脑肿胀Brain swelling脑萎缩Cerebral atrophy囊内切除Intracapsular removal囊性囊肿Hydatid cysts囊性星形C瘤Cystic astrocytoma囊状A瘤Saccular aneurysm尿崩症Diabetes insipidus尿毒症Uraemia尿路感染Urinary infection内侧副橄榄核Medial accessory olivarynucleus内侧隆起Median eminence内侧丘系Medial lemniscus内侧纵束Medial longitudinalfasciculus内耳道Internal acoustic meatus内耳门Internal acoustic port内分泌不足Endocrine failure内分泌过盛Endocrine excess内分泌紊乱Endrocrine imbalance内弓状纤维Internal arcuate fibers内科Internal medicine内弹力层Internal elastic lamina内听道Internal auditory Meatus颞动脉炎Temporal arteritis颞骨Temporal bone颞骨岩部petrosal bone颞颧缝Temporozygomatic suture颞窝Temporal fossa颞下减压Subtemporaldecompression颞下窝Infratemporal fossa颞支Temporal branches脓肿AbscessOP蹒珊步态Staggering wide basedgait皮瓣Scalp flap皮肤科Dermatology皮质脊髓束Corticospinal tract皮质脑神经核束Corticonuclear tract皮质支Cortical branches偏盲Hemianopia偏瘫Hemiplegia偏头痛Migraine胼胝体Corpus callosum破裂孔Foramen lacerum葡萄球菌的StaphylococcalQ奇异现象Paradox气切Tracheostomy气肿Aerocele强的松Cortisone前床突Anterior clinoid process前弓 Anterior arch 前后位 Antero-posterior 前角 Anterior horn 前交通动脉 Anterior communicating a. 前连合切开术 Anterior Commisurotomy 前颅凹肿物 Anterior fossa masses 前髓帆 Superior medullary velum 前髓帆系带 Frenulum of superiormedullary velum 前索 Anterior funiculus 前庭导水管 Aqueduct of vestibule 前庭脊髓束 Vestibulospinal tract 前庭区 Vestibular area 前庭神经 Vestibular portion 前庭神经核 Vestibular nucleus 前庭神经节 Vestibular ganglion 前外侧沟 Anterolateral sulcus前囟 Bregma 前卤门张力 Fontanelle tension 前正中裂 Anterior median fissure 前柱 Anterior column 桥脑小脑角 Cerebello-pontine angle 桥支 Pontine arteries 鞘内 Intrathecal 情绪紧张 Emotional stress 清血肿 Evacuation of Haematoma穹窿部的血管迹 Vascular markings onvault 丘脑切开术Thalamotomy 丘系交叉 Decussation of lemniscus 球后神经炎 Retrobulbar neuritis 躯干共济失调 Trunkal ataxia 去脑强直 Decerebrate rigidity 全切 Total removal 颧弓 Zygomatic arch颧突 Zygomatic process 缺水 Water dephetion 缺血性脑血管病 Occlusivecerebro-Vascular disease R 热反应 Caloric reaction 人格变化 Personality change 人字缘 Lamboid border人字缝 Lambdoid suture妊娠 Pregnancy软骨发育不全 Achondroplasis 软瘫 Flaccid paraplegia 闰核 Intercalary nucleus 乳突 Mastoid process乳突切迹 Mastoid notch乳状突 Mamillary process入院标准 Criteria for admission to hospital S腮腺炎 Parotitis 三叉 Trifurcation 三叉分布 Trigeminal distribution 三叉神经感觉主核 Sensory nucleus of trigeminal n.三叉神经脊髓束 Spinal tract of trigeminal n. 三叉神经脊髓束核 Nucleus of the spinal tract of trigeminal n.三叉神经痛 Trigeminal neuralgia三叉神经运动核 Motor nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经中脑核 Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n.三室前 Anterior third ventrical山顶 Culmen山坡Declive闪光暗点 Fortication spectra伤口感染 Wound infection 上半月叶 Superior semilunar lobule 上肋凹 Superior costal facet 上关节突 Superior articular process 上关节凹 Superior articular fovea 上脸下垂 Ptosis 上颞线 Superior temporal line 上皮样成分 Epithelial elements 上皮样囊肿 Epidermoids cyst 上矢状窦 Superior sagittal sinus 上矢状沟 Groove for superior sagittal sinus上吻合静脉 Superior anastomotic v. 上窝 Superior pit 上项线 Superior nuchal line 筛骨 ethmoidal bone 少年和成人 Juvenile and adult 少枝胶质瘤 Oligodendroglioma 射毛术 Pilojection 舌下三角 Trigone of hypoglossal n. 舌下神经 Hypoglossal n. 舌下神经管 Hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管静脉丛 Venous plexus in hypoglossal canal舌下神经核 Hypoglossal nucleus舌咽神经 Glossopharyngeal n.舌咽神经背核 Dorsal nucleus ofglossopharyngeal n. 舌咽神经痛Glossopharyngeal neuralgia深昏迷 Deeply comatose神经抽出术 Nerve avulsions神经胶质增生 Gliosis神经瘤 Neuroma神经麻痹性角膜炎 Neuroparalytic keratitis 神经梅毒 Neurosyphilis神经生理Neurophysiology神经痛 Neuralgia神经纤维瘤 Neurofibroma神经纤维撕伤 Shearing lesions of nerve fibers 肾上腺皮质机能不足 Adrenocortical deficiency 身心的症状 Psychosomatic symptoms 生命功能 Vital functions 生殖器萎缩 Genital atrophy绳状体 Restiform body失读 Alexia失明 Blindness室管膜瘤 Ependymoma室间孔 Interventricular foramen室间孔 Foramen of monro视交叉受累 Chiasmal compression视觉现象 Visual phenomena视力 Visual acuity视力模糊 Burring of vision视盘 Optic disc视盘陷凹 Excavation of optic disc 视乳头水肿Papilloedema 视神经 optic nerves 视神经管 Optic canal视神经孔 Optic foramen嗜酸性腺瘤 Eosinophil adenoma实体觉缺失 Astereognosis 尸体解剖 postmortem 失嗅 Anosmia 适应症和禁忌症 Indications and contraindications矢状窦Sagittal sinus矢状窦旁Parasagittal矢状缝Sagittal suture十字隆起Cruciform eminence书写困难Dysgraphia书写不佳Agraphia枢椎Axis闩Obex衰竭Alarming prostration栓子Thrombi双颞偏盲Bitemporal hemianopia 水平裂Horizontal fissure首裂Primary fissure死亡率和伤残率Mortality and morbidity 诵读困难Dyslexia松果体瘤Pineal tumour束带痛Girdle pain束切断术Tractotomy束性双脊髓Spinal bifida cystica酸中毒Acidotic髓母细胞瘤Medulloblastoma髓脑Myelencephalon髓内肿瘤Intramedullary tumour髓纹Medulary stria缩窄Coarctation损坏,讨厌NuisanceT探查Exploration套管插管Cannula特发性癫痫Idiopathic epilepsy替代疗法Replacement therapy听神经瘤Acoustic tumours听力下降decreased hearing,同侧瞳孔扩大Dilated ipsilateral pupil同名性偏盲Homonymoushemianopia瞳孔扩大Pupillary dilatation头颅平片Plain skull X-ray头皮和颅骨损伤Scalp and skull injury头皮瘢迹Scalp Scar头晕Dizziness凸面Convexity突出Protrusion突眼计Exophthalmometer退化Degeneration退行发育,间变Anaplasia退行性变化Anaplastic change臀Buttock脱鞘病Demyelinating disorders脱水Dehydration凸面ConvexityUVW外侧孔Foramen of Luschka外侧楔核Latera cuneatus nucleus外侧隐窝Lateral recess外耳道External acoustic meatus外耳门External acoustic foramen外弓状纤维External arcuate fibers外科处理Surgical intervention外上四分之一象限Upper quadrant外展神经Abducent n.外展神经核Nucleus of abducent n.顽固性痛Intractable pain网状结构Raticular formation网状脊髓束Reticulospinal tract胃肠Gastro-intestinal萎脑被盖Tegmentumrhombencephali位听神经Vestibulocochlear n.位听神经核Nucleus of vestibulocochlear n.尾椎Coccygeal vertebrae纹状体静脉Striate v.无菌性脑膜炎Aseptic meningitis无张力膀胱Atonic bladderX先天性肿瘤Congenital tumour下半月叶Inferior semilunar lobule 下关节突Inferior articular process 下关节凹Inferior articular fovea 下颌神经Mandibular n.下肋凹Inferior costal facet下颞线Inferior temporal line下丘脑Hypothalamus下丘脑核Hypothalamic nuclei下矢状窦Inferior sagittal sinus下吻合静脉Inferior anastomotic v. 下窝Inferior pit下项线Inferior nuchal line小脑Cerebellum小脑半球Cerebellar hemispheres小脑谷Cerebellar crevice小脑回Cerebellar gyri小脑后下动脉Posterior inferiorcerebellar a.小脑裂Cerebellar fissure小脑幕缘Edge of the tentorialhiatus小脑前下动脉Anterior inferior cerebellara.小脑上动脉Superior cerebellar a.小脑舌Cerebellar lingula小脑中脚Middle cerebellarpeduncle小翼Lesser wings细胞毒药Cytotoxic drugs细胞生物学Microbiology斜坡Clivus斜视External Strabismus楔结节Cuneate tubercle楔束Wedge-shaped fasciculus楔束核Nucleus of cuneatus形成因素Causatire factor性病Sexually Transmitteddiseases性机能减退Hypogonadism性交困难Dyspareunia性欲Libido星形细胞瘤Astrocytoma胸Thoracic胸段Thoracic segment胸肋关节Sternocostal joints胸外科Thoracic Surgery胸椎Thoracic vertebrae溴沟Olfactory groove膝状神经节Genicular ganglion眩晕Vertigo血管瘤Angiomas血管母细胞瘤Haemangioblastoma血管造影术angiography血凝性Haematogenous血栓Thrombosis血性液Bloodstained fluid血液病HematologyY亚急性细菌性心内膜炎Subacute bacterialendocarditis眼底Optic fundus眼底检查fundoscopic examination眼底镜Funduscope眼睑肿胀Swelling of the eyelids 眼肌麻痹Ophthalmoplegia眼眶orbit眼球突出Proptosis眼球运动的oculomotor眼外肌External ocular muscles 眼震Nystagmus咽鼓管沟Sulcus of auditory tube 咽下困难Dysphagia言语困难Dysphasia严重损伤Overwhelming injury严重痴呆Profound dementia阳萎Impotence延髓Medulla oblongata延髓的断面Sections of medullae oblongatae延髓根Cranial root岩部Petrous portion岩尖Petrous apex岩上窦Superior petrosal sinus 岩上沟Groove for superiorpetrosal sinus岩下窦Inferior petrosal sinus岩下沟Groove for inferiorpetrosal sinus岩枕裂Petro-occipital fissure岩支Petrous branch压缩骨折Depressed fracture摇动Sway腰Lumbar腰(骶)段Lumbar segment腰肋韧带Lumbocostal lig.腰膨大Lumbar enlargement腰椎Lumbar vertebrae翼腭窝Pterygopalatine fossa翼状韧带Alar lig.癔病的Hysterical疑核Nucleus ambiguus意识恶化Deteriorating conscionslevel意识模糊Clouding ofconsciousness意向震颤Intention tremor乙烯雌酚Stilboestrol乙状窦Sigmoid sinus乙状沟Groove for sigmoid sinus硬膜内血块Intradural clot硬膜外血块Extradural clot硬膜下积液Subdural effusions硬脑膜窦Venous sinus of duramater蚓部Vermis蚓垂Uvula of vermis蚓结节Tuber of vermis蚓小结Nodule蚓小叶Folium of vermis蚓锥Pyramid of vermis阴性双脊髓Spinal bifida occulta婴儿的Infantile诱发因素Precipitating factors诱因Precipitating cause预防性抗抽搐药ProphylacticAnticonvulsants预后Prognosis圆孔Foramen rotundum远端结扎Proximal ligation原发伤Primary lesions原发性视神经萎缩Primary optic atrophy运动性失语Motor dysphasia晕厥Fainting月经MenstruationZ杂音Bruit再通和重建Disobliteration and reconstructive早老性痴呆Presenile dementia占位性病变space occupying lesion沾血的敷料Blood-soaked dressings 正中沟Median sulcus正中孔Foramen of Magendie 珍珠瘤Pearly tumours枕大孔Foramen magnum枕窦Occipital sinus枕骨Occipital bone枕静脉Occipital v.枕鳞Occipital squama枕内嵴Internal occipital crest 枕内隆突Internal occipital protuberance枕乳突缝Occipitomastoid suture 枕外嵴External occipital crest 枕外隆突External occipitalprotuberance枕外隆突尖Inion枕小神经Lesser occipital n.枕支Occipital branches症状和体征symptoms and Signs症状学Symptomatology症状持续时间duration of symptoms治疗方案therapeutic options直窦Straight sinus肢端肥大Acromegaly肢体Limbs肢体共济失调Limb ataxia止痛Relief of pain植物神经的Autonomic指压迹Digital impressions质子放射治疗proton radiotherapy中床突Middle clinoid process中间灰质外侧部Lateral portion ofintermediate gray matter中间灰质中央部Centre of intermediategray matter中枢性高热Central high fever终丝Terminal thread终室Terminal ventricle中线的Central中央管Central canal中央凹Central fovea中央小叶Central lobule中央叶翼Wing of central lobule中央支Central branches肿物Neoplasm粥样瘤Atheroma侏儒Dwarfism转移Metastasis转移癌Metastatic tumour椎动脉Vertebral a.椎弓Vertebral arch椎弓板Lamina of vertebral arch椎弓根Pedicle of vertebral arch椎管Vertebral canal椎管梗阻Spinal block椎骨上切迹Superior vertebral notch椎骨下切迹Inferior vertebral notch椎间孔Intervertebral foramen椎孔Vertebral foramen椎体Vertebral body锥体Pyramid锥体侧束Lateral pyramidal (corticospinal) tract锥体交叉Decussation of pyramid 锥体前束Anterior pyramidal (corticospinal) tract锥体束Pyramidal tract锥体纤维Pryamidal fibers蛛网膜囊肿Arachnoid cyst蛛网膜下腔出血Subarachnoid haemorrhage灼痛Causalgia纵束Longitudinal band坐骨神经痛Sciatica钻孔Burr hole钻孔活检Burr hole biopsy组织培养Tissue culture最上项线Highest nuchal line。

英语神经外科病例及英汉神经外科词汇Case4: Posterior fossa subdural hematoma in neonateThis newborn female was born at a gestational age of 40 weeks, weighing 3780, to a gravida 2 para 1 mother. Forceps were applied to the fetal head for failure to progress. Apgar scores were 6 and 9. within the 1st day of life, the baby was observed to be listless and lethargic and to have a poor suck. The anterior fontanelle was tense. Seizures developed. Endotracheal intubation and ventilation were required for bradycardia and apneic episodes. The hemogram was normal. A lumbar puncture was performed to rule out central nervous system sepsis, and bloody cerebrospinal fluid was obtained. CT was then performed, and a large PFSDH was observed in addition to moderate ventriculomegaly. A neurosurgical consultation was obtained. The neonate was quadriplegic on a ventilator, making only the occasional respiratory effort. The neonate was taken urgently to surgery, and a posterior fossa craniectomy was performed. The clot could be removed from the posterior fossa subdural space. The bleeding sites were identified and successfully coagulated. The infant did not require an external ventricular drain nor did she go on to develop progressive hydrocephalus. She began to breathe readily after the posterior fossa decompression and clot evacuationn. She was weaned from the ventilator within 4 days. Subsequent CT showed minimal left cerebellar parenchyma involvement with calcification and volume loss. The ventriculomegaly had resolved completely. At 4 years of aged, the cild walked and talked normally. A right esotropia remained that had persisted since surgery.新生儿后颅窝硬膜下血肿一位妊娠两次生育一胎的母亲，在怀孕四十周后生下了一个重3780克的女婴，在胎头娩出不顺利时应用了产钳，Apgar评分为6和9。

A癌瘤Carcinomatosis癌性脑膜炎Carcinomatousmeningitis鞍背Dorsum sellae鞍结节Tuberculum sellae鞍区和鞍旁Sellar and parasellarB疤痕组织scar tissue巴氏征Extensor plantar reflex白质White matter白质前连合Anterior whitecommissure半切Hemisection 半月神经节Trigeminal semilunarganglion板障静脉Diploic v.棒状体Nuclei gracilis包裹Wrpping保守治疗Conservative treatment 背侧副橄榄核Dorsal accessory olivary nucleus背侧纵束Dorsal longitudinalfasciculus背核Dorsal nucleus苯巴比妥Phenobarbitone鼻窦paranasal sinus 鼻溢 Rhinorrhoea 臂丛Brachial plexus 臂神经病Brachial neuropathy 比重Specific gravity 标准Criteria 并发症Complications病理特征pathological features 病因 Aetiology 薄束Slender fasciculus 薄束核Nucleus gracilis不典型面痛Atypical facial pain 不可达到的InaccessibleC侧角Lateral horn侧块Lateral masses侧面的,旁边的Lateral侧室Lateral ventricles 侧索Lateral funiculus侧索核Lateral nucleus侧柱Lateral column插管Intubation成血管细胞性脑膜瘤Angioblastic Meningioma齿突Dens齿突间韧带Apical dental lig.齿凹Fovea for dens抽搐Convulsion出血性脑梗塞Haemorrgagic infarction垂体柄Pituitary stalk垂体机能低下Hypopituitarism垂体机能低下危象Hypopituitary crises垂体切除Hypophysectomy垂体窝Hypophyseal fossa垂体窝Pituitary fossa垂体卒中Pituitary apoplexy次裂Seconary fissure挫伤和裂伤Contusion and lacerationD打呵Yawning大伦丁(笨妥英钠)Epanutin (dilantin)大脑半球Cerebral hemispheres大脑大静脉Great cerebral v.大脑后动脉Posterior cerebral a.大脑内静脉Internal cerebral v.大脑前动脉Anterior cerebral a.大脑前静脉Anterior cerebral v. 大脑上静脉Superior cerebral v. 大脑下静脉Inferior cerebral v. 大脑中动脉Middle cerebral a. 大脑中浅静脉 Superficial middle cerebral v. 大脑中深静脉Deep middle cerebral v. 大翼Greater wings 单克隆抗体Monoclonal antibodies 胆脂瘤 Cholesteatoma 导水管Agueduct of sylvious 导血管Emissary v. 蒂 Pedicle 骶段Sacral segment 骶骨 Sacrum 骶椎Sacral vertebrae 第4脑室Fourth ventricle 第4脑室带Taeniae of fourth ventricle 第4脑室顶Roof of fourth ventricle 第4脑室脉络组织Chorioid tela of fourth ventricle 低温 Hypothermia 低血压 Hypotension癫痫 Epilepsy 癫痫持续状态 Status epilepticus 蝶鞍Sella turcica 蝶顶窦Sphenoparietal sinus 蝶顶缝Sphenoparietal suture 蝶窦Sphenoidal sinus 蝶额缝Sphenofrontal suture蝶骨 Sphenoid bone蝶骨棘 Spine of sphenoid bone 蝶骨翼Sphenoidal wings 蝶嵴Sphenoidal crest蝶鳞缝 Sphenosquamous suture 蝶筛缝Sphenoethmoidal suture 蝶岩裂Spheno-petrosal fissure 顶盖脊髓束 Tectospinal tract 顶骨Parietal bone 顶结节Parietal tuber 顶乳突缝Parietomastoid suture 顶叶空间感觉障碍 Parietal spatial disorders 顶枕支Parietooccipital branch 顶支Parietal branches 定位症状体征Localising symptoms and signs 动脉沟Groove for a. 动脉痉挛Arterial spasm 动脉硬化性梭形扩张 Fusiformarteriosclerotic dilatation 动眼神经瘫 Oculomotor palsy 动做迟缓Bradykinesia 窦汇Confluence of sinuses 窦栓塞Sinus thrombosis窦外侧隐窝 Lateral lacunae 窦炎 Sinusitis豆纹支Striate branches 对比剂放射学 Contrast radiology 对诊法 Confrontation 多尿 PolyuriaE额部入路Forntal approach 额,顶,颞,枕 Frontal parietal temporal occipital 额缝Frontal suture 额骨 Frontal bone 额结节 Frontal tuber 额颧缝Frontozygomatic suture额叶综合征Frontal lobe syndromes 额支Frontal branches恶性的Malignant恶性质Cachexic耳大神经Great auricular n.耳后静脉Posterior auricular v. 耳聋Deafness耳漏Otorrhoea耳鸣Tinnitus耳蜗腹核、背核Ventral and dorsal cochlear nucleus耳炎Otitis耳炎性脑积水Otitic hydrocephalus耳源脓肿Otogenic abscessF发热和感染Pyrexia and infection发音困难Dysphonia发作Episode烦躁不安Restlessness房颤Auricular fibrillation放疗Radiotherapy放疗敏感的肿瘤Radiosensitive tumours放射痛Radicular pain放射性坏死Radionecrosis方叶Quadrangular lobule非定位性神经症状Non-localising mentalsymptoms肥胖,高脂Obesity肺栓塞Pulmonary embolism分叉Bifureation分流Short-Circuitingprocedures缝际Raphe蜂窝织炎Cellulitis缝线脓肿Stitch abscesses腹壁反射Abdominal reflex妇产科Obstetrics-Gynecology (OBGYN)复膜Tectorial membrane副神经Accessory n.副作用side effects复视Diplopia副突Accessory process辅助性化疗Adjuvant chemotherapy G钙化Calcification感觉性失语Sensory dysphasia感觉异常Paraesthesiae感觉运动异常Sensorimotordisturbance橄榄核Inferior olivary nucleus橄榄核门Hilus of olivary nucleus橄榄体Olive橄榄小脑束Olivocerebellar tract高渗Osmolarity高渗液Hypertonic solutions根切断术Root section梗阻性脑积水Obstructivehydrocephalus巩膜Sclera弓状核Arcuate nucleus构音障碍Dysarthria骨瓣Bone flap骨骼畸形Skeletal deformity骨科Orthopedics骨髓炎Osteomyelitis骨箦Osteophytes鼓室上动脉Superior tympanic a.孤立Trapping孤束Tractus solitarius孤束核Solitary nucleus 姑息的方法Palliative procedures 固有束 Proper bundle 关节囊Articular capsule 关节强硬性脊椎炎Ankylosing spondylitis 关节位置觉Joint position sense 冠状缝Coronary sutureH海绵窦Cavernous sinus 海绵窦综合征Cavernous sinus syndroms 海绵间静脉窦Intercavernous sinus 含糊语言 Slurred speech鼾息状周期呼吸 Stertorous periodicrespiration 横窦Transverse sinus 横沟Groove for transverse sinus横突 Transverse process 横突孔Transverse foramen 横突肋凹Facet for tubercle of rib 横突前结节Anterior tubercle of transverse process红核脊髓束 Rubrospinal tract 红细胞增多 Polycythaemia 后床突Posterior clinoid process 后尖角Tip of posterior horn 后角Posterior horn后交通动脉 Posterior communicating a. 后颅凹Posterior fossa 后脑Metencephalon后前位 Postero-anterior 后髓帆Inferior medullary velum 后索Dorsal funiculus 后外侧沟Posterolateral sulcus 后外侧裂Posterolateral fissure 后外侧束Dorsolateral fasciculus 后正中沟Posterior median sulcus 后中间沟Posterior intermediate sulcus 后柱Posterior column 后组颅神经 Bulbar nerves 呼吸困难 Dyspnea 化疗Chemotherapy 化脓性脑膜炎 Pyogenic Meningitis 缓和 Remission 环枢外侧关节Lateral atlantoaxialjoint 环枢正中关节Median atlantoaxial joint环椎 Atlas环椎横韧带 Transverse lig. of atlas 环椎十字韧带Cruciform lig. of atlas 寰枕的Atloido-occipital 寰椎 Atlas 黄斑 Macula 黄变Xanthochromia 灰质 Gray matter灰质柱Gray column昏睡 Drowsiness 活检 BiopsyJ基底动脉 Basilar a.基底沟 Basilar sulcus基底节 Basal ganglia 基底静脉 Basilar v. 基底静脉丛 Basilar plexus 继发伤Secondary lesions 继发视神经萎缩secondary optic atrophy鸡冠Crista galli脊丘束Spinothalamic tract脊神经沟 Groove for spinal nerve 脊神经后根切开 Posterior rhirotomy 脊髓 Spinal cord 脊髓顶盖束 Spinotectal tract 脊髓断面Sections of spinal cord 脊髓根 Spinal root 脊髓横断伤Transverse spinal lesion 脊髓后动脉Posterior spinal a. 脊髓空洞 Syringomyelia 脊髓前侧切开术 Cordotomy 脊髓前动脉Anterior spinal a.脊髓丘脑侧束 Lateral spinothalamic tract 脊髓丘脑前束Ventral spinothalamic tract 脊髓索Funiculi of spinal cord 脊髓小脑后束Dorsal spinocerebellar Tract 脊髓小脑前束Ventral spinocerebellar Tract 脊髓移位 Cord displaced 脊髓圆锥 Medullary cone 脊髓造影 Myelography 脊髓纵裂Diastematomyelia脊索瘤Chordoma 脊支Spinal branches脊柱 Vertebral column 脊椎后侧凸Kyphoscoliosis 脊椎前移Spondylolisthesis 棘孔Foramen spinosum棘突Spinous process 机能障碍 dysfunction 畸胎瘤 Teratoma 畸形,变形 Deformities 甲基睾丸素Methyltestosterone甲状腺机能减退Hypothyroidism甲状腺素Thyroxine假性脑膜炎Meningism假性球麻痹Pseudobulbar palsy假性视乳头水肿Pseudopapillo edema加压素Vasopressin鉴别诊断Differential diagnosis 简单小叶Simple lobule睑缝术Tarsorraphy间盘脱出Prolapsed intervertebral disc缄默症Mutism降低脑压Reducing brain tension角膜Cornea角膜感觉缺失Corneal anasthesia角膜干燥,擦伤Corneal drying andabrasion角膜炎Keratitis胶母细胞瘤Glioblastoma胶样囊肿Colloid Cyst胶质瘤Glioma胶状质Gelatinous substance界沟Limiting groove结节性多A炎Polyarteritis nodosa经蝶手术Trans-sphenoidaloperation痉挛性力弱Spastic weakness静脉窦Venous sinuses静脉堵塞Venous obstruction静脉沟Groove for v.颈Cervical颈A-海绵窦漏Carotico-cavernousfistula颈动脉沟Carotid sulcus颈动脉管Carotid canal颈动脉管静脉丛 Venous plexus in carotid canal 颈动脉结节 Carotid tubercle 颈动脉血管造影 Carotid angiography 颈段Cervical segment 颈静脉弓 Jugular arch 颈静脉结节 Jugular tubercle 颈静脉孔 Jugular foramen 颈静脉切迹 Jugular notch 颈静脉窝 Jugular fossa 颈膨大Cervical enlargement 颈前静脉Anterior jugular v. 颈强直 Stiff neck 颈外静脉External jugular v. 颈椎Cervical vertebrae 颈椎关节强硬Cervical spondylosis 颈椎畸形Craniovertebral anomaly 颈椎融合Fusion of adjacent cervical vertebrat 颈总结扎Common carotid ligation 精神病 Psychosis 精神病学家 Psychiatrist 精神混乱Mental confusion精神障碍 Mental disorder 局部定向障碍 Topographical disorientation 局部防治 local control 局灶性神经科异常 Focal neurological disordersK开颅术 Craniotomy 抗菌素 Antibiotics抗凝剂 Anticoagulants 康复Rehabilitation 颗粒小凹Granular foveolae 可疑肿瘤复发Suspected tumour recurrence肯尼迪综合征(脑前叶综合征)Foster kennedy syndrome 控制呼吸Controlled respiration 眶部Pars orbitalis 眶-颅入路Orbito-cranial approach 眶内肉芽肿 Orbital granuloma 眶内肿瘤 Orbital tumor 眶上孔或眶上切迹Supra-orbital foramen or notch 眶上裂Superior orbital fissure 眶上缘Supraorbital margins眶支Orbital branches溃疡 Ulceration扩约肌 Sphincter扩张 DistensionL蓝斑Locus coeruleus 肋横突侧韧带Lateral costotransverse lig. 肋横突关节Costotransverse joints 肋横突孔 Costotransverse foramen 肋横突韧带Costotransverse lig. 肋横突上韧带 Superiorcostotransverse lig. 肋突Costal process 肋小头辐状韧带Radiate lig. of heads of ribs 肋小头关节Joints of heads of ribs 肋小头关节间韧带 Intra-articular lig. Of heads of ribs 肋椎关节Costovertebral joints 力弱 Weakness立体定向外科Stereotaxic surgery立体定向放射外科 Stereotactic radiosurgery 良性的 benign良性高颅压Benign intracranial hypertension 裂孔 Hiatus 鳞缝Squamous suture 鳞乳突缝Squamosomastoid suture 菱形窝Rhomboid fossa 瘤颈夹闭 Clipping of nech 隆椎Prominent vertebrae 颅骨成形术 Cranioplasty 颅骨骨折 Skull fracture 颅骨X 线照相Plain skull radiography 颅底内面Internal surface of base of skull 颅后窝Posterior cranial fossa 颅内A 痛Intracranial aneurysms 颅内压增高Raised intracranialpressure颅内血肿Intracranial clot颅内肿瘤的解剖分类Anatomicalclassification ofintracranial tumours颅前窝Anterior cranial fossa颅中窝Middle cranial fossa颅腔Cranial cavity颅咽管瘤Craniopharyngioma 卵圆孔 Foramen ovale卵圆孔静脉丛 Venous plexus in ovalforamen M麻木Numbness麻痹Paralysis马尾Cauda equina脉搏减慢Falling pulse rate脉络丛Choroid plexuses脉络丛静脉Choroid v.脉络膜前动脉Anterior choroidal a.脉络膜支(后)Chorioid branch慢性不足Chronic deficiency 慢性肺气肿Chronic emphysema 慢性遗忘综合征Chronic amnestic syndrome眉间Glabella眉弓Superciliary arches 霉菌A瘤Mycotic aneurysm面神经Facial n.面神经核Facial nucleus面神经管Facial canal面神经管膝Geniculum of facial canal 面神经丘Facial colliculus面神经膝Genu of facial n.面痛Facial pain免疫组化Immunology弥漫性损伤Diffuse neuronal damage迷路动脉Labyrinthine a.迷路静脉Labyrinthine v.泌尿科Urology迷走神经Vagus n.迷走神经背核Dorsal nucleus of vagus迷走神经三角（灰翼）Trigone of vagus n.命名性失语Nominal dysphasia膜分流Thecal shunts幕上Supratentorial幕下InfratentorialN难染性腺瘤Chromophobe adenoma脑白质切断术Leucotomy脑底动脉环Cerebral arterial circle脑电图Electroencephalogram脑动脉Cerebral a.脑动脉硬化Cerebralarteriosclerosis脑脊液Cerebrospinal fluid脑脊液漏CSF leak脑膜副动脉Accessory meningeal branch脑膜瘤Meningioma脑膜炎Meningitis脑膜中动脉Middle meningeal a.脑桥Pons脑桥背部Dorsal portion of pons 脑疝Herniation脑室脑池切开术Ventriculo-cisternostom y脑实质Parenchymal(brain)脑移位Brain shift脑水肿Brain swelling脑肿胀Brain swelling脑萎缩Cerebral atrophy囊内切除Intracapsular removal囊性囊肿Hydatid cysts囊性星形C瘤Cystic astrocytoma囊状A瘤Saccular aneurysm尿崩症Diabetes insipidus尿毒症Uraemia尿路感染Urinary infection内侧副橄榄核Medial accessory olivarynucleus内侧隆起Median eminence内侧丘系Medial lemniscus内侧纵束Medial longitudinalfasciculus内耳道Internal acoustic meatus内耳门Internal acoustic port内分泌不足Endocrine failure内分泌过盛Endocrine excess内分泌紊乱Endrocrine imbalance内弓状纤维Internal arcuate fibers 内科Internal medicine 内弹力层Internal elastic lamina内听道 Internal auditory Meatus 颞动脉炎Temporal arteritis 颞骨Temporal bone 颞骨岩部 petrosal bone 颞颧缝Temporozygomatic suture 颞窝Temporal fossa 颞下减压 Subtemporal decompression 颞下窝Infratemporal fossa颞支 Temporal branches 脓肿 AbscessO P蹒珊步态Staggering wide based gait 皮瓣 Scalp flap皮肤科Dermatology皮质脊髓束Corticospinal tract皮质脑神经核束Corticonuclear tract皮质支Cortical branches偏盲Hemianopia偏瘫Hemiplegia偏头痛 Migraine 胼胝体Corpus callosum 破裂孔Foramen lacerum葡萄球菌的 StaphylococcalQ奇异现象Paradox气切Tracheostomy气肿Aerocele强的松Cortisone前床突Anterior clinoid process前弓Anterior arch前后位Antero-posterior前角Anterior horn 前交通动脉Anterior communicating a.前连合切开术Anterior Commisurotomy 前颅凹肿物Anterior fossa masses 前髓帆Superior medullary velum 前髓帆系带Frenulum of superior medullary velum 前索Anterior funiculus 前庭导水管Aqueduct of vestibule 前庭脊髓束Vestibulospinal tract 前庭区Vestibular area前庭神经Vestibular portion 前庭神经核Vestibular nucleus 前庭神经节Vestibular ganglion前外侧沟 Anterolateral sulcus前囟 Bregma前卤门张力 Fontanelle tension 前正中裂Anterior median fissure 前柱Anterior column 桥脑小脑角Cerebello-pontine angle 桥支Pontine arteries 鞘内 Intrathecal情绪紧张Emotional stress 清血肿Evacuation of Haematoma 穹窿部的血管迹 Vascular markings on vault 丘脑切开术 Thalamotomy 丘系交叉Decussation of lemniscus 球后神经炎Retrobulbar neuritis躯干共济失调 Trunkal ataxia 去脑强直Decerebrate rigidity全切 Total removal 颧弓Zygomatic arch 颧突Zygomatic process 缺水Water dephetion缺血性脑血管病Occlusivecerebro-Vascular diseaseR热反应Caloric reaction 人格变化Personality change 人字缘Lamboid border人字缝Lambdoid suture妊娠Pregnancy软骨发育不全Achondroplasis软瘫Flaccid paraplegia 闰核Intercalary nucleus乳突Mastoid process乳突切迹Mastoid notch乳状突Mamillary process入院标准Criteria for admissionto hospitalS腮腺炎Parotitis三叉Trifurcation三叉分布Trigeminal distribution三叉神经感觉主核Sensory nucleus oftrigeminal n.三叉神经脊髓束Spinal tract oftrigeminal n.三叉神经脊髓束核Nucleus of the spinaltract of trigeminal n.三叉神经痛Trigeminal neuralgia三叉神经运动核Motor nucleus oftrigeminal n.三叉神经中脑核Mesencephalic nucleus oftrigeminal n.三室前Anterior third ventrical山顶Culmen山坡Declive闪光暗点Fortication spectra伤口感染Wound infection上半月叶Superior semilunar lobule 上肋凹Superior costal facet 上关节突Superior articular process 上关节凹Superior articular fovea 上脸下垂 Ptosis 上颞线Superior temporal line 上皮样成分Epithelial elements 上皮样囊肿 Epidermoids cyst 上矢状窦Superior sagittal sinus 上矢状沟Groove for superior sagittal sinus上吻合静脉 Superior anastomotic v. 上窝Superior pit 上项线Superior nuchal line 筛骨ethmoidal bone少年和成人 Juvenile and adult 少枝胶质瘤 Oligodendroglioma射毛术 Pilojection 舌下三角Trigone of hypoglossal n. 舌下神经Hypoglossal n. 舌下神经管 Hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管静脉丛Venous plexus inhypoglossal canal 舌下神经核Hypoglossal nucleus 舌咽神经Glossopharyngeal n. 舌咽神经背核 Dorsal nucleus of glossopharyngeal n. 舌咽神经痛 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia 深昏迷Deeply comatose 神经抽出术Nerve avulsions 神经胶质增生 Gliosis 神经瘤 Neuroma神经麻痹性角膜炎 Neuroparalytickeratitis神经梅毒Neurosyphilis神经生理Neurophysiology神经痛Neuralgia神经纤维瘤Neurofibroma神经纤维撕伤Shearing lesions of nerve fibers肾上腺皮质机能不足Adrenocortical deficiency身心的症状Psychosomatic symptoms 生命功能Vital functions生殖器萎缩Genital atrophy绳状体Restiform body失读Alexia失明Blindness室管膜瘤Ependymoma室间孔Interventricularforamen室间孔Foramen of monro视交叉受累Chiasmal compression视觉现象Visual phenomena视力Visual acuity视力模糊Burring of vision视盘Optic disc视盘陷凹Excavation of optic disc视乳头水肿Papilloedema视神经optic nerves视神经管Optic canal视神经孔Optic foramen嗜酸性腺瘤Eosinophil adenoma实体觉缺失Astereognosis尸体解剖postmortem失嗅Anosmia适应症和禁忌症Indications andcontraindications矢状窦Sagittal sinus矢状窦旁Parasagittal矢状缝Sagittal suture十字隆起Cruciform eminence书写困难Dysgraphia书写不佳Agraphia枢椎Axis闩Obex衰竭Alarming prostration 栓子Thrombi双颞偏盲Bitemporal hemianopia 水平裂Horizontal fissure 首裂Primary fissure死亡率和伤残率Mortality and morbidity诵读困难Dyslexia松果体瘤Pineal tumour束带痛Girdle pain束切断术Tractotomy束性双脊髓Spinal bifida cystica酸中毒Acidotic髓母细胞瘤Medulloblastoma髓脑Myelencephalon髓内肿瘤Intramedullary tumour髓纹Medulary stria缩窄Coarctation损坏,讨厌NuisanceT探查Exploration套管插管Cannula特发性癫痫Idiopathic epilepsy替代疗法Replacement therapy听神经瘤Acoustic tumours听力下降decreased hearing,同侧瞳孔扩大Dilated ipsilateralpupil同名性偏盲Homonymous hemianopia 瞳孔扩大Pupillary dilatation 头颅平片Plain skull X-ray头皮和颅骨损伤Scalp and skull injury 头皮瘢迹Scalp Scar头晕Dizziness凸面Convexity突出Protrusion突眼计Exophthalmometer退化Degeneration退行发育,间变Anaplasia退行性变化Anaplastic change臀Buttock脱鞘病Demyelinating disorders脱水Dehydration凸面ConvexityUVW外侧孔Foramen of Luschka外侧楔核Latera cuneatus nucleus外侧隐窝Lateral recess外耳道External acoustic meatus外耳门External acousticforamen外弓状纤维External arcuate fibers外科处理Surgical intervention外上四分之一象限Upper quadrant外展神经Abducent n.外展神经核Nucleus of abducent n.顽固性痛Intractable pain网状结构Raticular formation网状脊髓束Reticulospinal tract胃肠Gastro-intestinal萎脑被盖Tegmentumrhombencephali位听神经Vestibulocochlear n.位听神经核 Nucleus ofvestibulocochlear n. 尾椎Coccygeal vertebrae 纹状体静脉 Striate v. 无菌性脑膜炎 Aseptic meningitis 无张力膀胱 Atonic bladderX先天性肿瘤Congenital tumour下半月叶Inferior semilunarlobule下关节突Inferior articularprocess下关节凹Inferior articular fovea下颌神经Mandibular n. 下肋凹Inferior costal facet 下颞线Inferior temporal line 下丘脑 Hypothalamus 下丘脑核Hypothalamic nuclei 下矢状窦Inferior sagittal sinus 下吻合静脉Inferior anastomotic v. 下窝Inferior pit下项线Inferior nuchal line小脑Cerebellum小脑半球Cerebellar hemispheres 小脑谷 Cerebellar crevice 小脑回Cerebellar gyri 小脑后下动脉Posterior inferior cerebellar a. 小脑裂Cerebellar fissure 小脑幕缘Edge of the tentorialhiatus 小脑前下动脉Anterior inferiorcerebellar a. 小脑上动脉Superior cerebellar a. 小脑舌Cerebellar lingula 小脑中脚Middle cerebellarpeduncle小翼Lesser wings 细胞毒药 Cytotoxic drugs 细胞生物学 Microbiology 斜坡 Clivus 斜视External Strabismus 楔结节Cuneate tubercle 楔束Wedge-shaped fasciculus 楔束核Nucleus of cuneatus 形成因素 Causatire factor 性病Sexually Transmitted diseases 性机能减退 Hypogonadism性交困难 Dyspareunia 性欲 Libido 星形细胞瘤 Astrocytoma 胸 Thoracic 胸段Thoracic segment 胸肋关节Sternocostal joints胸外科 Thoracic Surgery 胸椎Thoracic vertebrae溴沟Olfactory groove膝状神经节Genicular ganglion眩晕 Vertigo血管瘤 Angiomas 血管母细胞瘤 Haemangioblastoma 血管造影术 angiography 血凝性 Haematogenous 血栓 Thrombosis 血性液Bloodstained fluid 血液病 HematologyY亚急性细菌性心内膜炎 Subacute bacterialendocarditis眼底Optic fundus眼底检查fundoscopic examination眼底镜Funduscope 眼睑肿胀Swelling of the eyelids 眼肌麻痹 Ophthalmoplegia 眼眶 orbit 眼球突出 Proptosis 眼球运动的 oculomotor 眼外肌External ocular muscles 眼震 Nystagmus 咽鼓管沟Sulcus of auditory tube 咽下困难 Dysphagia 言语困难 Dysphasia 严重损伤Overwhelming injury 严重痴呆Profound dementia 阳萎 Impotence 延髓Medulla oblongata 延髓的断面Sections of medullae oblongatae 延髓根 Cranial root岩部 Petrous portion 岩尖 Petrous apex岩上窦 Superior petrosal sinus 岩上沟Groove for superior petrosal sinus 岩下窦Inferior petrosal sinus 岩下沟Groove for inferior petrosal sinus 岩枕裂Petro-occipital fissure 岩支Petrous branch 压缩骨折Depressed fracture 摇动 Sway 腰 Lumbar 腰(骶)段 Lumbar segment 腰肋韧带Lumbocostal lig. 腰膨大Lumbar enlargement 腰椎Lumbar vertebrae翼腭窝 Pterygopalatine fossa 翼状韧带 Alar lig. 癔病的 Hysterical 疑核Nucleus ambiguus 意识恶化Deteriorating conscions level 意识模糊 Clouding of consciousness 意向震颤 Intention tremor 乙烯雌酚 Stilboestrol 乙状窦 Sigmoid sinus 乙状沟Groove for sigmoid sinus 硬膜内血块 Intradural clot 硬膜外血块 Extradural clot 硬膜下积液Subdural effusions 硬脑膜窦Venous sinus of dura mater蚓部 Vermis 蚓垂Uvula of vermis 蚓结节Tuber of vermis 蚓小结 Nodule 蚓小叶Folium of vermis 蚓锥Pyramid of vermis阴性双脊髓Spinal bifida occulta 婴儿的 Infantile 诱发因素Precipitating factors 诱因Precipitating cause 预防性抗抽搐药 Prophylactic Anticonvulsants 预后 Prognosis 圆孔Foramen rotundum 远端结扎Proximal ligation 原发伤Primary lesions 原发性视神经萎缩 Primary optic atrophy 运动性失语 Motor dysphasia晕厥Fainting月经MenstruationZ杂音Bruit再通和重建Disobliteration and reconstructive早老性痴呆Presenile dementia占位性病变space occupying lesion 沾血的敷料Blood-soaked dressings 正中沟Median sulcus正中孔Foramen of Magendie珍珠瘤Pearly tumours枕大孔Foramen magnum枕窦Occipital sinus枕骨Occipital bone枕静脉Occipital v.枕鳞Occipital squama枕内嵴Internal occipital crest枕内隆突Internal occipitalprotuberance枕乳突缝Occipitomastoid suture枕外嵴External occipital crest枕外隆突External occipitalprotuberance枕外隆突尖Inion枕小神经Lesser occipital n.枕支Occipital branches症状和体征symptoms and Signs症状学Symptomatology症状持续时间duration of symptoms治疗方案therapeutic options直窦Straight sinus肢端肥大Acromegaly肢体Limbs肢体共济失调Limb ataxia止痛Relief of pain 植物神经的 Autonomic 指压迹Digital impressions 质子放射治疗 proton radiotherapy 中床突Middle clinoid process 中间灰质外侧部 Lateral portion ofintermediate gray matter 中间灰质中央部Centre of intermediate gray matter 中枢性高热Central high fever 终丝Terminal thread 终室Terminal ventricle 中线的Central 中央管 Central canal 中央凹 Central fovea 中央小叶 Central lobule 中央叶翼Wing of central lobule 中央支Central branches肿物 Neoplasm粥样瘤 Atheroma 侏儒 Dwarfism 转移 Metastasis 转移癌Metastatic tumour 椎动脉Vertebral a. 椎弓Vertebral arch 椎弓板Lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓根Pedicle of vertebral arch椎管 Vertebral canal 椎管梗阻 Spinal block 椎骨上切迹Superior vertebral notch 椎骨下切迹Inferior vertebral notch 椎间孔Intervertebral foramen 椎孔Vertebral foramen 椎体Vertebral body锥体 Pyramid 锥体侧束 Lateralpyramidal (corticospinal) tract 锥体交叉Decussation of pyramid 锥体前束 Anteriorpyramidal (corticospinal) tract 锥体束Pyramidal tract 锥体纤维 Pryamidal fibers 蛛网膜囊肿 Arachnoid cyst 蛛网膜下腔出血 Subarachnoid haemorrhage 灼痛 Causalgia 纵束Longitudinal band 坐骨神经痛 Sciatica钻孔Burr hole 钻孔活检Burr hole biopsy 组织培养Tissue culture最上项线 Highest nuchal line。

英语神经外科病例及英汉神经外科词汇Case4: Posterior fossa subdural hematoma in neonateThis newborn female was born at a gestational age of 40 weeks, weighing 3780, to a gravida 2 para 1 mother. Forceps were applied to the fetal head for failure to progress. Apgar scores were 6 and 9. within the 1st day of life, the baby was observed to be listless and lethargic and to have a poor suck. The anterior fontanelle was tense. Seizures developed. Endotracheal intubation and ventilation were required for bradycardia and apneic episodes. The hemogram was normal. A lumbar puncture was performed to rule out central nervous system sepsis, and bloody cerebrospinal fluid was obtained. CT was then performed, and a large PFSDH was observed in addition to moderate ventriculomegaly. A neurosurgical consultation was obtained. The neonate was quadriplegic on a ventilator, making only the occasional respiratory effort. The neonate was taken urgently to surgery, and a posterior fossa craniectomy was performed. The clot could be removed from the posterior fossa subdural space. The bleeding sites were identified and successfully coagulated. The infant did not require an external ventricular drain nor did she go on to develop progressive hydrocephalus. She began to breathe readily after the posterior fossa decompression and clot evacuationn. She was weaned from the ventilator within 4 days. Subsequent CT showed minimal left cerebellar parenchyma involvement with calcification and volume loss. The ventriculomegaly had resolved completely. At 4 years of aged, the cild walked and talked normally. A right esotropia remained that had persisted since surgery.新生儿后颅窝硬膜下血肿一位妊娠两次生育一胎的母亲，在怀孕四十周后生下了一个重3780克的女婴，在胎头娩出不顺利时应用了产钳，Apgar评分为6和9。

神经系统（nervous system）是机体内对生理功能活动的调节起主导作用的系统，主要由神经组织组成，分为中枢神经系统（central nervous system）和周围神经系统（peripheral nervous system）两大部分。

中枢神经系统又包括脑（brain）和脊髓（spinal cord），周围神经系统包括颅神经（cranial nerves，也称“脑神经”）和脊神经（spinal nerves）。

神经组织是由神经细胞和神经胶质细胞（glial cell）组成的，它们都是有突起的细胞。

神经细胞是神经系统的结构和功能单位，亦称神经元（neuron）。

神经元数量庞大，它们具有接受刺激、传导冲动和整合信息的能力。

有些神经元还有内分泌功能。

01 常见词根词缀合集neur神经，神经系统（neurotoxic神经毒性的）encephal脑（encephaledema脑水肿）cerebr大脑（decerebrate切除大脑，消除大脑功能）cerebell小脑（cerebellospinal小脑脊髓的）mening脑膜（meningorrhagia脑膜出血）ventricul脑室thalam丘脑ax轴突（axonal轴突的）dendr树突（dendriceptor树突受体的；dendriform树状的）gangli/gonglion神经节neuron神经元gli神经胶质（gliophagia神经胶质细胞吞噬作用）cortic皮质medull髓（medullary髓质的，延髓的；medulloculture骨髓培养）myel脊髓（poliomyelosis脊髓灰质炎；myelosis骨髓瘤形成; 骨髓组织增生）psych精神的（psychosomatic身心的，心身失调的；psychotropic作用于精神的）somn睡眠（somnolence嗜睡）-algia痛（arthralgia关节痛）-esthesia感觉，知觉（anesthesia麻醉，麻木）-lepsy突然发作（epilepsy癫痫）-lexia阅读-paresis偏瘫（左/右边的一半）（hemiparesis轻偏瘫）-phasia言语-plegia瘫痪（quadriplegia四肢麻痹，四肢瘫痪；facioplegia面瘫；paraplgia截瘫，半身不遂）-phobia恐惧hemi-一半（hemianesthesia偏侧感觉缺失）intra-内02 单词词组学习*神经系统&大脑neuron神经元ganglion神经节glial神经胶质的axon轴突dendrite树突sympathetic交感神经parasympathetic副交感神经innervate 使受神经支配的medulla oblongata延髓cerebrum大脑hemisphere大脑半球cerebellum小脑thalamus丘脑hypothalamus 下丘脑；丘脑下部pons脑桥meninges脑膜cavity/ventricle脑室词根cerebell/o: cerebellum 小脑cerebellar 小脑的cerebellitis 小脑炎cerebellopontine 小脑脑桥cerebr/o: cerebrum 大脑cerebral 大脑的cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液cerebral artery 大脑动脉cerebral cortex 大脑皮层encephala/: brain 脑encephalitis 脑炎encephalopathy 脑病（hepatic encephalopathy肝性脑病）electroencephalogram 脑电图Mening/o：脑膜Meningitis 脑膜炎Meningeal 脑膜的Meningioma 脑膜瘤Kinesia: movement 运动Bradykinesia 运动徐缓（见于Parkison disease）Dyskinesia 运动障碍Esthesia: 感觉Hyperesthesia 感觉过敏Anaesthesia 麻醉（没有感觉）Paresis: 无力Hemiparesis 轻偏瘫Plegia: 瘫痪Hemiplegia 偏瘫Paraplegia 截瘫Quadriplegia 四肢瘫这几个看下图就明白了（但要学会掌握这些词根：hemi -, para -, quadra-）神经系统有个很有意思的词是arachoid，有个经典的疾病是subarachoid hemorrhage(蛛网膜下腔出血).Arachoid 这个词来源于希腊神话。

神经外科英语词汇神经外科英语词汇一诊断名词髓母细胞瘤Medulloblastoma室管膜瘤Ependymoma少枝胶质瘤Oligodendroglioma 脑膜瘤Meningioma颅咽管瘤Craniopharyngioma 神经瘤Neuroma听神经瘤Acoustic Neuroma血管母细胞瘤Hemangioblastoma 胶质瘤Glioma星形细胞瘤Astrocytoma胶母细胞瘤Glioblastoma畸胎瘤Teratoma胆脂瘤Cholesteatoma上皮样囊肿Epidermoids cyst脊索瘤Chordoma松果体瘤Pineal tumour生殖细胞瘤Germinoma骨瘤osteoma先天性肿瘤Congenital tumour颈A-海绵窦漏Carotico-cavernous fistula头皮和颅骨损伤Scalp and skull injury原发伤Primary lesions蛛网膜下腔出血Subarachnoid hemorrhage颅内血肿Intracranial hematoma/clot硬膜外血肿Epidural hematoma硬膜下血肿Subdural heamtoma弥漫性轴索损伤diffuse axonal injury挫伤Contusion裂伤laceration继发伤Secondary lesions脑肿胀Brain swelling颅骨骨折Skull fracture脑脓肿Brain abscess脑膜炎Meningitis脑脊液漏CSF leak鼻漏Rhinorrhea耳漏Otorrhea化脓性脑膜炎Pyogenic Meningitis耳源脓肿Otogenic abscess无菌性脑膜炎Aseptic meningitis硬膜下积液Subdural effusions血管瘤Angiomas神经纤维瘤Neurofibroma蛛网膜囊肿Arachnoid cyst脊髓空洞Syringomyelia髓内肿瘤Intramedullary tumour颅内动脉瘤Intracranial aneurysm梗阻性脑积水Obstructive hydrocephalus头痛Headache视乳头水肿Papilloedema呕吐Vomiting偏盲Hemianopsia癫痫Epilepsy失语aphasia三叉神经痛Trigeminal neuralgia胶样囊肿Colloid Cyst垂体卒中Pituitary apoplexy二解剖名词中枢神经系统Central nervous system矢状窦旁Parasagittal凸面Convexity溴沟Olfactory groove脊髓Spinal cord颈段Cervical segment胸段Thoracic segment腰(骶)段Lumbar segment灰质Gray matter白质White matter白质前连合Anterior white commissure 锥体Pyramid锥体束Pyramidal tract第4脑室Fourth ventricle脑桥Pons小脑Cerebellum小脑回Cerebellar gyri小脑半球Cerebellar hemisphere Procedures鼻Nose内听道Internal auditory Meatus寰椎Atlas寰枕的Atlanto-occipital面神经Facial n.位听神经Vestibulocochlear n.前庭神经Vestibular portion舌咽神经Glossopharyngeal n.迷走神经Vagus n.副神经Accessory n.舌下神经Hypoglossal n.颈神经Cervical n.脊柱Vertebral column颈椎Cervical vertebrae胸椎Thoracic vertebrae腰椎Lumbar vertebrae骶椎Sacral vertebrae尾椎Coccygeal vertebrae椎体Vertebral body椎管Vertebral canal椎孔Vertebral foramen椎弓Vertebral arch椎弓根棘突Spinous process横突Transverse process枢椎Axis颅骨Skull枕骨Occipital bone枕骨大孔Foramen magnum枕鳞Occipital squama枕外隆突External occipitalprotuberance蝶骨Sphenoid bone蝶鞍Sella turcica鞍结节Tubercle of sellae蝶窦Sphenoidal sinus颞骨Temporal bone乳突Mastoid process内耳门Internal acoustic port顶骨Parietal bone额骨Frontal bone额结节Frontal tuber颅前窝Anterior cranial fossa颅中窝Middle cranial fossa颅后窝Posterior cranial fossa斜坡Clivus后交通动脉Posterior communicatinga.脉络膜前动脉Anterior choroidal a.大脑前动脉Anterior cerebral a.前交通动脉Anterior communicating a.大脑中动脉Middle cerebral a.椎动脉小脑后下动脉Posterior inferiorcerebellar a.基底动脉Basilar a.小脑前下动脉Anterior inferiorcerebellar a.小脑上动脉Superior cerebellar a.大脑后动脉Posterior cerebral a.横窦Transverse sinus乙状窦Sigmoid sinus枕窦Occipital sinus上矢状窦Superior sagittal sinus下矢状窦Inferior sagittal sinus直窦Straight sinus海绵窦Cavernous sinus脑膜中动脉Middle meningeal a.颅内压增高Raised intracranial pressure颅腔Cranial cavity脑脊液Cerebrospinal fluid额,顶,颞,枕Frontal parietal temporaloccipital幕下Infratentorial侧面的Lateral桥脑小脑角Cerebello-pontine angle枕大孔Foramen magnum四室Fourth ventricul三症状体征名词低血压Hypotension高血压Hypertension放疗Radiotherapy并发症Complications发热Pyrexia感染infection中枢性高热Central hyperpyrexia伤口感染Wound infection尿路感染Urinary infection意识恶化Deteriorating consciouslevel抗菌素Antibiotics肢端肥大Acromegaly眼睑肿胀Swelling of the eyelids预后Prognosis深昏迷Deeply coma神经胶质增生Gliosis退行发育,间变Anaplasia眼球突出Proptosis斜视External Strabismus脱水Dehydration多尿Polyuria耳鸣Tinnitus麻痹Paralysis脑水肿Brain edema眩晕Vertigo头晕Dizziness晕厥Fainting偏瘫Hemiplegia幕上Supratentorial侧面的,旁边的Lateral抽搐Convulsion肢体Limbs尿崩症Diabetes insipidus肥胖Obesity复视Diplopia眼震Nystagmus共济失调ataxia脑疝Herniation去脑强直Decerebrate rigidity颈强直Stiff neck恶性的Malignant四手术名词活检BiopsyUlceration皮瓣Scalp flap骨瓣Bone flap探查Exploration额部入路Forntal approach经蝶手术Trans-sphenoidal operation全切Total removal分流Short-Circuiting血栓Thrombosis囊状A瘤Saccular aneurysm三叉Trifurcation分叉Bifureation保守治疗Conservative treatment清血肿Evacuation of Haematoma经鼻蝶入路Trans-nasal sphenoidalapproach三叉神经微血管减压术Trigeminal microvasculardecompression开颅术Craniotomy肿瘤切除术Tumor resection全麻General anesthesia局麻Local anesthesia脑室体外引流external ventriculdrainage颅骨修补重建术Cranioplastys hr u g(vt耸肩）intermittent(adj间歇的断断续续的）sternocleidomastoid(n胸锁乳突肌）deviate(vt偏离越轨）genioglossus(n颏舌肌）amyotrophic(adj营养的有关营养的）myasthenia (n肌无力）latter(adj后半的接近终老的）fasciculation(n簇生束状自发性收缩肌震束颤）volitional(adj意志的）agonist(n收缩筋）antagonist(n对立者对手敌手）synergy(n协同配合）dysdiadochokinesia(n轮替功能障碍）dysmetria（动幅障碍辨距不良）amplitude(n广大广阔振幅）titubation(n蹒跚）ataxia(n共济失调）stylopharyngeus(n茎突咽肌）overlap(vt部分重叠n重叠部分）hoarseness(n嘶哑刺耳）accessory(n附件配件）innervate(vt受神经支配促使活动）sternocleidomastoid(n胸锁乳突肌）intermit(v中断）protrusion(n伸出突出）deviate(vt偏离越轨）genioglossus(n颏舌肌）amyotrophic(adj肌萎缩的）myasthenia(n肌无力）latter(adj后半的接近终了的后者的）fasciculation(n束状簇生自发性收缩肌震束颤肌束抽搐）volitional(adj意志的）agonist(n收缩筋）antagonist(n对立对手敌手）synergy(n协同配合）dysdiadochokinesis( n轮替运动障碍）dysmetria(n辨距不良，动幅障碍）amplitude(n广大广阔振幅）tremor(n震颤发抖）titubation(n蹒跚）tandem(n串联）clonus(n阵挛）random(adj任意的无计划的随机的）circuit(n电路线路环行环行道）discriminate(vt分别区别区分vi歧视）spasticity(n痉挛状态强直状态）hyperreflexia(n反射亢进）hypotonia(n张力减退）diminish(vt减小缩小）myelopathy(n脊髓病骨髓病）spontaneous(adj自发的无意识的天真的帅直的）inspect(vt检查检验视察）presence(n出席到场仪表仪态）imply(vt暗示暗指）denervate(v切除神经）lateral spinothalamictrace(n脊髓丘脑侧束）column(n圆柱柱）somatotopical(adj躯体定位区的）lamination(n叠片结构）dermal(adj皮肤的真皮的）auscutation(n听诊）asymmetry(n不对称）microcephaly(n小头畸形）premature(adj过早的提前的未到期的早产的）suture(n缝合缝伤口缝线vt缝合伤口）fusion(n熔合联和合并）symptomatic(adj症候的症兆的有症状的根据症状的）prominence(n声望杰出突出重要要事）fontanelle(n囟门）concave(adj凹的）sunken(adj沉没的沉入水底的凹陷的））millimeter(n毫米）palpate(vt触诊）bulge(n膨胀肿起Vt膨胀突出鼓起）erect(adj竖立的直立的挺立的vt使直立使竖起）denote(vt指示指出）transillumination(n 透视法）effusion(n流出物渗出泻出）percussion(n打击乐器组）reliable(adj可靠的可信赖的）gestation(n怀孕怀孕期孕育）pupillary(adj瞳孔的）blink(n眨眼一瞬间闪亮闪烁vt眨眼睛）anisocoria(n瞳孔不等）obliteration(n涂去删除）pulsation(n跳动有节奏的跳动震动）expansile(adj可扩张的扩大的膨胀性的）dissipate(vt驱散消失浪费）velum(n膜）deviate（vt偏离越轨）hypertonia(n张力亢进）flexor(n屈肌）pincer(n钳子）grip(n紧握抓牢控制掌握vt紧握抓紧）asymmetry(n不对称）choreiform(n舞蹈病的）modulate(vt调整调节缓和）flexion(n弯曲弯曲状态）nociceptive(adj疼痛的有疼痛反应的）noxious(adj有害的有毒的）plantar(adj脚底的）副神经accessory n.传入神经元afferent(sensory)neuron血管瘤aneurysm前角anterior horn孔aperture蛛网膜颗粒arachnoidgranulations辅助检查assistantinvestigation星形胶质细胞瘤astrocytoma共济失调ataxia耳颞神经auriculotemporal n.自主神经系统autonomic nervoussystem轴突a x o n。

.神经外科英语词汇血管瘤Carotico-cavernous fistulaAngiomas 一头皮和颅骨损伤神经纤维瘤Scalp and skull injury 诊断名词Neurofibroma 髓母细胞瘤原发伤蛛网膜囊肿Medulloblastoma Primary lesionsArachnoid cyst 室管膜瘤蛛网膜下腔出血脊髓空洞Ependymoma Subarachnoid hemorrhageSyringomyelia 少枝胶质瘤颅内血肿髓内肿瘤Intracranial hematoma OligodendrogliomaIntramedullary tumour /clot 脑膜瘤颅内动脉瘤硬膜外血肿MeningiomaIntracranial aneurysm Epidural hematoma 颅咽管瘤梗阻性脑积水硬膜下血肿CraniopharyngiomaObstructive hydrocephalus 神经瘤Subdural heamtoma头痛Neuroma 弥漫性轴索损伤Headache diffuse axonal injury 听神经瘤视乳头水肿挫伤Acoustic NeuromaPapilloedema Contusion 血管母细胞瘤呕吐裂伤HemangioblastomaVomiting laceration 胶质瘤偏盲Glioma 继发伤Hemianopsia Secondary lesions 星形细胞瘤癫痫Astrocytoma 脑肿胀Epilepsy 胶母细胞瘤Brain swelling失语颅骨骨折Glioblastomaaphasia Skull fracture 畸胎瘤三叉神经痛脑脓肿TeratomaTrigeminal neuralgia Brain abscess 胆脂瘤胶样囊肿Cholesteatoma 脑膜炎Colloid Cyst 上皮样囊肿Meningitis垂体卒中Epidermoids cyst 脑脊液漏Pituitary apoplexy 脊索瘤CSF leak二Chordoma 鼻漏解剖名词Rhinorrhea 松果体瘤中枢神经系统耳漏Pineal tumourCentral nervous system 生殖细胞瘤Otorrhea矢状窦旁Germinoma 化脓性脑膜炎Parasagittal 骨瘤Pyogenic Meningitis凸面osteoma 耳源脓肿Convexity 先天性肿瘤Otogenic abscess溴沟无菌性脑膜炎Congenital tumourOlfactory groove 颈Aseptic meningitis脊髓-A 硬膜下积液Spinal cord海绵窦漏Subdural effusions..protuberance Vagus n. 颈段蝶骨Cervical segment 副神经Sphenoid bone Accessory n. 胸段蝶鞍Thoracic segment 舌下神经Sella turcica Hypoglossal n. 腰(骶)段鞍结节Lumbar segment 颈神经Tubercle of sellae Cervical n. 灰质蝶窦Gray matter 脊柱Sphenoidal sinus Vertebral column 白质颞骨White matter 颈椎Temporal bone 白质前连合Cervical vertebrae乳突Anterior white commissure 胸椎Mastoid process 锥体Thoracic vertebrae内耳门腰椎PyramidInternal acoustic port Lumbar vertebrae 锥体束顶骨骶椎Pyramidal tractParietal bone 脑室Sacral vertebrae 第4额骨Fourth ventricle 尾椎Frontal bone 脑桥Coccygeal vertebrae 额结节Pons 椎体Frontal tuber Vertebral body 小脑颅前窝椎管CerebellumAnterior cranial fossa 小脑回Vertebral canal颅中窝Cerebellar gyri 椎孔Middle cranial fossa 小脑半球Vertebral foramen颅后窝椎弓Cerebellar hemispherePosterior cranial fossa Vertebral arch Procedures斜坡鼻椎弓根Clivus Nose 棘突后交通动脉内听道Spinous processPosterior communicating Internal auditory Meatus 横突a. 寰椎Transverse process脉络膜前动脉Atlas 枢椎Anterior choroidal a. 寰枕的Axis大脑前动脉Atlanto-occipital 颅骨Anterior cerebral a. Skull 面神经前交通动脉Facial n. 枕骨Anterior communicating a. Occipital bone 位听神经大脑中动脉枕骨大孔Vestibulocochlear n.Middle cerebral a. 前庭神经Foramen magnum椎动脉枕鳞Vestibular portion小脑后下动脉Occipital squama 舌咽神经Posterior inferior 枕外隆突Glossopharyngeal n.cerebellar a.迷走神经External occipital..脱水Fourth ventricul 基底动脉Dehydration 三Basilar a.多尿症状体征名词小脑前下动脉Polyuria 低血压Anterior inferior耳鸣cerebellar a. HypotensionTinnitus 小脑上动脉高血压Hypertension 麻痹Superior cerebellar a.Paralysis 放疗大脑后动脉脑水肿Radiotherapy Posterior cerebral a.Brain edema 横窦并发症眩晕Complications Transverse sinusVertigo 发热乙状窦头晕Sigmoid sinus PyrexiaDizziness 感染枕窦晕厥infection Occipital sinusFainting 中枢性高热上矢状窦偏瘫Superior sagittal sinus Central hyperpyrexiaHemiplegia 下矢状窦伤口感染幕上Wound infection Inferior sagittal sinusSupratentorial 尿路感染直窦侧面的Urinary infection Straight sinus, 意识恶化海绵窦旁边的Deteriorating conscious Cavernous sinusLateral level 脑膜中动脉抽搐抗菌素Middle meningeal a.Convulsion Antibiotics 颅内压增高肢体Raised intracranial 肢端肥大Limbs pressure Acromegaly尿崩症颅腔眼睑肿胀Diabetes insipidus Cranial cavity Swelling of the eyelids肥胖预后脑脊液Obesity Cerebrospinal fluid Prognosis复视额枕,颞深昏迷,顶,DiplopiaFrontalDeeply coma parietal眼震神经胶质增生temporaloccipitalNystagmus Gliosis 幕下共济失调Infratentorial 退行发育ataxia , 侧面的脑疝间变LateralHerniation Anaplasia 桥脑小脑角去脑强直眼球突出Cerebello-pontine angleDecerebrate rigidity Proptosis 枕大孔颈强直斜视Foramen magnumStiff neckExternal Strabismus四室..dysdiadochokinesia(n microvascular 恶性的轮替功能障碍）Malignant decompressiondysmetria开颅术四（动幅障碍辨距不手术名词 Craniotomy良）肿瘤切除术活检amplitude(n BiopsyTumor resection广大广阔振幅）全麻 Ulcerationtitubation(n General anesthesia 皮瓣蹒跚）局麻Scalp flapataxia(n 骨瓣Local anesthesia共济失调） Bone flap 脑室体外引流stylopharyngeus(n external ventricul 探查茎突咽肌） drainage Explorationoverlap(vt 颅骨修补重建术额部入路部分重叠 Forntal approach Cranioplastyn经蝶手术 shrug(vt重叠部分）耸肩） Trans-sphenoidalhoarseness(n intermittent(adj operation嘶哑刺耳）间歇的断断续续的）全切accessory(n Total removal sternocleidomastoid(附件分流n配件）胸锁乳突肌）Short-Circuitinginnervate(vtdeviate(vt 血栓受神经支配促使活动） Thrombosis 偏离越轨）sternocleidomastoid(囊状 genioglossus(nnA 颏舌肌）胸锁乳突肌）amyotrophic(adj 瘤intermit(v Saccular aneurysm 营养的中三叉有关营养的）断）myasthenia (n Trifurcationprotrusion(n 肌无力）分叉伸出突出）Bifureation latter(adjdeviate(vt 保守治疗后半的接近终老的）偏离Conservative fasciculation(n越轨） treatment 簇生束状自发性收缩genioglossus(n 清血肿肌震束颤）颏舌肌）of Evacuation volitional(adjamyotrophic(adj Haematoma 意志的）肌萎缩的）经鼻蝶入路 agonist(n myasthenia(n 收缩筋） Trans-nasal肌无力）antagonist(nsphenoidallatter(adjapproach对立者对手敌手）后半的接近终了的后者三叉神经微血管减压术synergy(n的）Trigeminal协同配合）..过早的hyperreflexia(n fasciculation(n提前的反射亢进）束未到期的hypotonia(n 状早产的）张力减退）簇生自发性收缩suture(n 肌震束颤 diminish(vt缝合肌束抽搐）减小缩小）缝伤口 volitional(adj myelopathy(n缝线脊髓病意志的）vtagonist(n 骨髓病）缝合伤口）spontaneous(adj收缩筋）自发的无意识的天真的antagonist(n fusion(n熔合帅直的）对立对手敌手）联和合并） inspect(vt synergy(n symptomatic(adj 检查协同配合）症候的检验dysdiadochokinesis(症兆的 n视察）有症状的根据症状的） presence(n 轮替运动障碍）prominence(n 出席到场dysmetria(n声望仪表仪态）辨距不良，动幅障碍）杰出 amplitude(n imply(vt突出广大暗示暗指）重广阔振幅） denervate(v要切除神经） tremor(n要事）震颤spinothalamic lateralfontanelle(n 发抖）trace(n囟门）脊髓丘脑侧束） titubation(nconcave(adj 蹒跚） column(n凹的）tandem(n 圆柱sunken(adj 柱）串联）沉没的clonus(n somatotopical(adj沉入水底的）挛阵凹陷的）random(adj ）任意的躯体定位区的）millimeter(n 无计划的lamination(n 毫米）随机的）叠片结构）palpate(vt circuit(ndermal(adj触诊）电路线路环行环行道）皮肤的真皮的）bulge(n discriminate(vt auscutation(n 膨胀分别区别区分听诊）肿起 viasymmetry(n Vt歧视）不对称）膨胀突出鼓起）spasticity(n microcephaly(n erect(adj 痉挛头小畸）形状态强直状态）竖premature(adj..arachnoid 立的消失granulations 浪费）直立的辅助检查挺立的velum(nassistant膜） vtinvestigation deviate使直立使竖起）星形胶质细胞瘤偏离越轨） denote(vt （vtastrocytoma hypertonia(n 指示指出）共济失调 transillumination(n 张力亢进）ataxia 透视法） flexor(n耳颞神经屈肌） effusion(nauriculotemporal n. 流出物渗出泻出） pincer(n自主神经系统 percussion(n 钳子）autonomic 打击乐器组） grip(n nervous system 紧 reliable(adj轴突握抓牢控制掌握可靠的axon 可信赖的）vt紧握抓紧）gestation(nasymmetry(n 怀孕不对称）怀孕期孕育）choreiform(n pupillary(adj瞳孔的）舞蹈病的）modulate(vt blink(n调整调节缓和）眨眼flexion(n一瞬间闪亮闪烁弯曲弯曲状态）nociceptive(adj vt眨疼痛的眼睛）有疼痛反应的）noxious(adj anisocoria(n瞳孔不等）有害的有毒的）plantar(adj obliteration(n涂去脚底的）删除）副神经accessory n. pulsation(n传入神经元跳动afferent(sensory) 有节奏的跳动neuron 震动）血管瘤aneurysm expansile(adj前角可扩张的anterior horn 扩大的孔膨胀性的）aperture dissipate(vt 驱散蛛网膜颗粒.。

神经外科英语词汇一诊断名词髓母细胞瘤Medulloblastoma室管膜瘤Ependymoma少枝胶质瘤Oligodendroglioma脑膜瘤Meningioma颅咽管瘤Craniopharyngioma神经瘤Neuroma听神经瘤Acoustic Neuroma血管母细胞瘤Hemangioblastoma胶质瘤Glioma星形细胞瘤Astrocytoma胶母细胞瘤Glioblastoma畸胎瘤Teratoma胆脂瘤Cholesteatoma上皮样囊肿Epidermoids cyst脊索瘤Chordoma松果体瘤Pineal tumour生殖细胞瘤Germinoma骨瘤osteoma先天性肿瘤Congenital tumour颈A-海绵窦漏Carotico-cavernous fistula 头皮和颅骨损伤Scalp and skull injury原发伤Primary lesions蛛网膜下腔出血Subarachnoid hemorrhage颅内血肿Intracranial hematoma/clot硬膜外血肿Epidural hematoma硬膜下血肿Subdural heamtoma弥漫性轴索损伤diffuse axonal injury挫伤Contusion裂伤laceration继发伤Secondary lesions脑肿胀Brain swelling颅骨骨折Skull fracture脑脓肿Brain abscess脑膜炎Meningitis脑脊液漏CSF leak鼻漏Rhinorrhea耳漏Otorrhea化脓性脑膜炎Pyogenic Meningitis耳源脓肿Otogenic abscess无菌性脑膜炎Aseptic meningitis硬膜下积液Subdural effusions血管瘤Angiomas神经纤维瘤Neurofibroma蛛网膜囊肿Arachnoid cyst脊髓空洞Syringomyelia髓内肿瘤Intramedullary tumour颅内动脉瘤Intracranial aneurysm梗阻性脑积水Obstructive hydrocephalus头痛Headache视乳头水肿Papilloedema呕吐Vomiting偏盲Hemianopsia癫痫Epilepsy失语aphasia三叉神经痛Trigeminal neuralgia胶样囊肿Colloid Cyst垂体卒中Pituitary apoplexy二解剖名词中枢神经系统Central nervous system矢状窦旁Parasagittal凸面Convexity溴沟Olfactory groove脊髓Spinal cord颈段Cervical segment胸段Thoracic segment腰(骶)段Lumbar segment灰质Gray matter白质White matter白质前连合Anterior white commissure 锥体Pyramid锥体束Pyramidal tract第4脑室Fourth ventricle脑桥Pons小脑Cerebellum小脑回Cerebellar gyri小脑半球Cerebellar hemisphere Procedures鼻Nose内听道Internal auditory Meatus寰椎Atlas寰枕的Atlanto-occipital面神经Facial n.位听神经Vestibulocochlear n.前庭神经Vestibular portion舌咽神经Glossopharyngeal n.迷走神经Vagus n.副神经Accessory n.舌下神经Hypoglossal n.颈神经Cervical n.脊柱Vertebral column颈椎Cervical vertebrae胸椎Thoracic vertebrae腰椎Lumbar vertebrae骶椎Sacral vertebrae尾椎Coccygeal vertebrae椎体Vertebral body椎管Vertebral canal椎孔Vertebral foramen椎弓Vertebral arch椎弓根棘突Spinous process横突Transverse process枢椎Axis颅骨Skull枕骨Occipital bone枕骨大孔Foramen magnum枕鳞Occipital squama枕外隆突External occipitalprotuberance蝶骨Sphenoid bone蝶鞍Sella turcica鞍结节Tubercle of sellae蝶窦Sphenoidal sinus颞骨Temporal bone乳突Mastoid process内耳门Internal acoustic port顶骨Parietal bone额骨Frontal bone额结节Frontal tuber颅前窝Anterior cranial fossa颅中窝Middle cranial fossa颅后窝Posterior cranial fossa斜坡Clivus后交通动脉Posterior communicatinga.脉络膜前动脉Anterior choroidal a.大脑前动脉Anterior cerebral a.前交通动脉Anterior communicating a.大脑中动脉Middle cerebral a.椎动脉小脑后下动脉Posterior inferior cerebellar a.基底动脉Basilar a.小脑前下动脉Anterior inferior cerebellar a.小脑上动脉Superior cerebellar a.大脑后动脉Posterior cerebral a.横窦Transverse sinus乙状窦Sigmoid sinus枕窦Occipital sinus上矢状窦Superior sagittal sinus 下矢状窦Inferior sagittal sinus直窦Straight sinus海绵窦Cavernous sinus脑膜中动脉Middle meningeal a.颅内压增高Raised intracranial pressure颅腔Cranial cavity脑脊液Cerebrospinal fluid额,顶,颞,枕Frontal parietal temporal occipital幕下Infratentorial侧面的Lateral桥脑小脑角Cerebello-pontine angle枕大孔Foramen magnum四室Fourth ventricul三症状体征名词低血压Hypotension高血压Hypertension放疗Radiotherapy并发症Complications发热Pyrexia感染infection中枢性高热Central hyperpyrexia伤口感染Wound infection尿路感染Urinary infection意识恶化Deteriorating consciouslevel抗菌素Antibiotics肢端肥大Acromegaly眼睑肿胀Swelling of the eyelids预后Prognosis深昏迷Deeply coma神经胶质增生Gliosis退行发育,间变Anaplasia眼球突出Proptosis斜视External Strabismus脱水Dehydration多尿Polyuria耳鸣Tinnitus麻痹Paralysis脑水肿Brain edema眩晕Vertigo头晕Dizziness晕厥Fainting偏瘫Hemiplegia幕上Supratentorial侧面的,旁边的Lateral抽搐Convulsion肢体Limbs尿崩症Diabetes insipidus肥胖Obesity复视Diplopia眼震Nystagmus共济失调ataxia脑疝Herniation去脑强直Decerebrate rigidity颈强直Stiff neck恶性的Malignant四手术名词活检Biopsy Ulceration皮瓣Scalp flap骨瓣Bone flap探查Exploration额部入路Forntal approach 经蝶手术Trans-sphenoidal operation 全切Total removal分流Short-Circuiting血栓Thrombosis囊状A瘤Saccular aneurysm三叉Trifurcation分叉Bifureation保守治疗Conservative treatment清血肿Evacuation of Haematoma经鼻蝶入路Trans-nasal sphenoidalapproach三叉神经微血管减压术Trigeminal microvasculardecompression开颅术Craniotomy肿瘤切除术Tumor resection全麻General anesthesia局麻Local anesthesia脑室体外引流external ventricul drainage颅骨修补重建术Cranioplastyshrug(vt 耸肩）intermittent(adj 间歇的断断续续的）sternocleidomastoid(n 胸锁乳突肌）deviate(vt 偏离越轨）genioglossus(n颏舌肌）amyotrophic(adj 营养的有关营养的）myasthenia (n 肌无力）latter(adj 后半的接近终老的）fasciculation(n簇生束状自发性收缩肌震束颤）volitional(adj 意志的）agonist(n收缩筋）antagonist(n 对立者对手敌手）synergy(n协同配合）dysdiadochokinesia(n 轮替功能障碍）dysmetria（动幅障碍辨距不良）amplitude(n广大广阔振幅）titubation(n 蹒跚）ataxia(n 共济失调）stylopharyngeus(n 茎突咽肌）overlap(vt部分重叠n 重叠部分）hoarseness(n嘶哑刺耳）accessory(n 附件配件）innervate(vt 受神经支配促使活动）sternocleidomastoid(n 胸锁乳突肌）intermit(v 中断）protrusion(n伸出突出）deviate(vt 偏离越轨）genioglossus(n 颏舌肌）amyotrophic(adj 肌萎缩的）myasthenia(n 肌无力）latter(adj 后半的接近终了的后者的）fasciculation(n束状簇生自发性收缩肌震束颤肌束抽搐）volitional(adj 意志的）agonist(n 收缩筋）antagonist(n 对立对手敌手）synergy(n 协同配合）dysdiadochokinesis(n 轮替运动障碍）dysmetria(n辨距不良，动幅障碍）amplitude(n 广大广阔振幅）tremor(n 震颤发抖）titubation(n 蹒跚）tandem(n 串联）clonus(n 阵挛）random(adj 任意的无计划的随机的）circuit(n 电路线路环行环行道）discriminate(vt 分别区别区分vi 歧视）spasticity(n 痉挛状态强直状态）hyperreflexia(n 反射亢进）hypotonia(n 张力减退）diminish(vt 减小缩小）myelopathy(n 脊髓病骨髓病）spontaneous(adj 自发的无意识的天真的帅直的）inspect(vt 检查检验视察）presence(n 出席到场仪表仪态）imply(vt 暗示暗指）denervate(v 切除神经）lateral spinothalamic trace(n 脊髓丘脑侧束）column(n 圆柱柱）somatotopical(adj 躯体定位区的）lamination(n叠片结构）dermal(adj 皮肤的真皮的）auscutation(n 听诊）asymmetry(n 不对称）microcephaly(n 小头畸形）premature(adj过早的提前的未到期的早产的）suture(n 缝合缝伤口缝线vt 缝合伤口）fusion(n 熔合联和合并）symptomatic(adj症候的症兆的有症状的根据症状的）prominence(n 声望杰出突出重要要事）fontanelle(n 囟门）concave(adj 凹的）sunken(adj 沉没的沉入水底的凹陷的））millimeter(n 毫米）palpate(vt 触诊）bulge(n 膨胀肿起Vt 膨胀突出鼓起）erect(adj 竖立的直立的挺立的vt 使直立使竖起）denote(vt指示指出）transillumination(n 透视法）effusion(n 流出物渗出泻出）percussion(n 打击乐器组）reliable(adj 可靠的可信赖的）gestation(n 怀孕怀孕期孕育）pupillary(adj 瞳孔的）blink(n 眨眼一瞬间闪亮闪烁vt 眨眼睛）anisocoria(n 瞳孔不等）obliteration(n 涂去删除）pulsation(n跳动有节奏的跳动震动）expansile(adj 可扩张的扩大的膨胀性的）dissipate(vt 驱散消失浪费）velum(n 膜）deviate（vt 偏离越轨）hypertonia(n 张力亢进）flexor(n 屈肌）pincer(n 钳子）grip(n 紧握抓牢控制掌握vt紧握抓紧）asymmetry(n 不对称）choreiform(n 舞蹈病的）modulate(vt 调整调节缓和）flexion(n 弯曲弯曲状态）nociceptive(adj 疼痛的有疼痛反应的）noxious(adj 有害的有毒的）plantar(adj 脚底的）副神经accessory n.传入神经元afferent(sensory) neuron血管瘤aneurysm前角anterior horn孔aperture蛛网膜颗粒arachnoid granulations辅助检查assistant investigation星形胶质细胞瘤astrocytoma共济失调ataxia耳颞神经auriculotemporal n.自主神经系统autonomic nervous system轴突axon。