2010暨南大学828管理学与微观经济学真题与答案

2011年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题********************************************************************************************学科与专业名称：企业管理、会计学、旅游管理考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

Ⅱ微观经济学部分一、选择题（每题只有一个正确答案，每题 3 分，共30 分）1.垄断厂商的边际成本曲线是MC=8，该厂商所面临的需求曲线是P=40-Q，其中P 代表价格，Q代表数量。

下面哪个产量使得该垄断厂商的利润最大：A 32B 16C 64D 722.最近纽约公交地铁系统工会组织大罢工为了争取更好的待遇（现已结束），很多经济学家在罢工还没结束时就相信劳动方（即工会）的要求将会得到一定程度的满足，经济学家的理由最有可能是以下哪一个？A 罢工会对社会带来巨大损失，劳资双方出于社会财产的关心达成妥协B 政府施加压力使得资方不得不满足劳方部分要求C 工会是劳动力供给的垄断者，它们对劳动力的价格有较强的控制能力D 工会的谈判技巧高超3．关于长期成本和短期成本的关系，以下说法那个不对：A 在任何一个产量水平上，长期总成本都小于或等于短期总成本B 在任何一个产量水平上，长期平均成本都小于或等于短期平均成本C 在任何一个产量水平上，短期平均成本都和长期平均成本相切在短期的最低点上D 存在一个短期规模，其短期平均成本和长期平均成本相切在两者的最低点上4.完全竞争行业的供给曲线向上倾斜，有人列出了三种的原因：（1）由于生产的投入资源是有限的，随着生产者数目的增加，这些投入资源的价格上涨，导致所有生产者的成本上升。

（2）行业中每个企业的边际成本是向上倾斜的（3）企业（包括考试科目：管理学与微观经济学共 6 页。

生活需要游戏，但不能游戏人生；生活需要歌舞，但不需醉生梦死；生活需要艺术，但不能投机取巧；生活需要勇气，但不能鲁莽蛮干；生活需要重复，但不能重蹈覆辙。

-----无名2010年暨南大学会计专业研究生初试试题（回忆版）管理学部分：一、选择题。

（10分）二、判断题。

（10分）（选择、判断都很简单，虽然大纲给的题型里没有这两种题，但总比答两道简答轻松）三、简答题。

1、描述霍夫斯泰德模型。

（10分）2、用管理学案例说明期望理论。

（10分）（霍夫斯泰德模型没在大纲上，再次证明了不能全信大纲。

因为它我的10分就这么离我远去了……）四、论述题。

（20分）柳传志认为管理的三要素为——搭班子、定战略、带团队。

运用管理学原理说明你对这个观点的看法。

五、案例分析。

（15分）（我只能把案例大意描述一下，案例内容太长了）黄大佑是重点大学毕业的高才生，四年前来到某公司的技术部工作，人气仅次于技术部主任，但拿的是和仓管人员一样的工资。

一家三口至今还住在刚来时租的平房里。

在他来的时候，王厂长特意吩咐人横挂“热烈欢迎黄工程师……”，并嘱咐要把“副工程师”写成“工程师”。

在以后的工作中，王厂长经常在各种场合称赞黄大佑，黄大佑受到鼓舞工作很卖劲。

公司申报工程师时，黄大佑满足申报的条件，但公司却把名额给了各方面平平的一个老员工。

黄大佑想找王厂长谈但王厂长却先找到他，说：“你还年轻，以后机会很多。

公司打算培养你入党，我是你的介绍人。

”于似乎黄大佑就不好开口了。

公司新建好一批员工宿舍，但他却没分到。

（这里王厂长应该还对黄大佑说了些安抚的话但具体什么我忘了）。

黄大佑回去看着一则招聘信息思考着。

第二天他给王厂长交了封辞职信，“你是个很好的领导，但我决定走了。

”1、用早期的动机理论说明住房、提工资、评职称和入党分别属于黄大佑的什么需要?用公平理论说明黄大佑的工资是否合理？（8分）2、王厂长的激励方式有什么优缺点？如果是你，你会怎样留住黄大佑？（7分）微观经济学部分：一、名词解释：（每个5分，共20分）1、需求定理2、边际替代率3、公共物品4、占优决策二、简答题：（每题5分，共20分）1、在完全竞争的情况下，对生产进行征税，税款是否全部由生产者承担？销售商品时对消费进行征税，是否全部由消费者承担？2、成本加成定价法是否与厂商的利润最大化矛盾？3、描述厂商使用生产要素的原则。

微观经济学部分消费者理论部分1.简述基数效用论与序数效用论的区别（2008年简）答:基数效用论和序数效用论是解释消费者行为的两种不同理论。

二者在分析消费者行为时有着明显的区别.具体表现在：①假设不同。

基数效用论假设消费者商品所获得的效用是可以度量的，即效用的大小可以用基数大小来表示，并且每增加一个单位商品所带来的效用增加具有递减规律；序数效用论则认为,消费者商品所获得的效用水平只可以进行排序，只可以用序数来表示效用的高低，而效用的大小及特征表示在无差异曲线中.②使用的分析方法不同。

基数效用论使用MU以及预算约束条件来分析效用最大化条件。

而序数效用论则以无差异曲线和预算约束线为工具来分析消费者均衡。

③所表述的消费者均衡的实现条件是不一样的。

其中前者表述为MUx/Px=λ，后者表述为MRSxy=Px/Py。

以上分析方法上的区别,只是以不同的方式表达了消费者行为的一般规律。

除此以外，二者有又许多相同之处：①两者都是从市场的需求着手，通过推导需求曲线来说明需求曲线的任一点都表示消费者获得了效用最大化。

②两者都是一种消费者行为理论，都把消费者的行为看做是在既定的收入限制条件下追求最大化效用的过程。

③两者都以边际效用理论为基础，认为商品的价值或价格是由商品带给消费者的边际效用的大小来决定的。

④两者推到的曲线具有相同的趋势，都符合需求规律。

2.供给曲线的移动、沿着供给曲线的移动。

（2011简）答：供给量的变动和供给的变动是两个相互联系而又相互区别的概念.供给量的变动和供给的变动都是供给数量的变动，它们的区别在于引起这两种变动的因素是不相同的,而且，这两种变动在几何图形中的表现也是不相同的.供给量的变动表现为沿着供给曲线移动，而供给的变动表现为供给曲线的移动。

供给量的变动是指在其他条件不变的前提下，由某种商品的价格变动所引起的该商品的供给数量的变动。

在几何图形中，供给量的变动表现为商品的价格-供给数量组合点沿着同一条既定的供给曲线的运动。

历年暨南大学828管理学与微观经济学考研真题试卷和答案一、考试解读：part 1 学院专业考试概况：①学院专业分析：含学院基本概况、考研专业课科目:828管理学与微观经济学的考试情况；②科目对应专业历年录取统计表：含暨大相关专业的历年录取人数与分数线情况；③历年考研真题特点：含暨南大学考研专业课828管理学与微观经济学各部分的命题规律及出题风格。

part 2 历年题型分析及对应解题技巧：根据暨大828管理学与微观经济学考试科目的考试题型（名词解释、简答题、论述题等），分析对应各类型题目的具体解题技巧，帮助考生提高针对性，提升答题效率，充分把握关键得分点。

part 3 近年真题分析：最新真题是暨大考研中最为珍贵的参考资料，针对最新一年的暨南大学考研真题试卷展开深入剖析，帮助考生有的放矢，把握真题所考察的最新动向与考试侧重点，以便做好更具针对性的复习准备工作。

part 4 2019考试展望：根据上述相关知识点及真题试卷的针对性分析，提高2019考生的备考与应试前瞻性，令考生心中有数，直抵暨大考研的核心要旨。

part 5 暨南大学考试大纲：①复习教材罗列（官方指定或重点推荐+拓展书目）：不放过任何一个课内、课外知识点。

②官方指定或重点教材的大纲解读：官方没有考试大纲，高分学长学姐为你详细梳理。

③拓展书目说明及复习策略：专业课高分，需要的不仅是参透指定教材的基本功，还应加强课外延展与提升。

part 6 专业课高分备考策略：①考研前期的准备；②复习备考期间的准备与注意事项；③考场注意事项。

part 7 章节考点分布表：罗列暨大828管理学与微观经济学考研专业课试卷中，近年试卷考点分布的具体情况，方便考生知晓暨大考研专业课试卷的侧重点与知识点分布，有助于考生更具针对性地复习、强化，快准狠地把握高分阵地。

二、暨南大学历年考研真题试卷与答案详解：汇编暨大考研专业课考试科目的1996-2018年考研真题试卷，并配有2010-2018年答案详细讲解。

暨南大学考试试卷答案1、在完全竞争市场上,厂商短期均衡条件是（）。

A 价格等于平均收益（P=AR）B 价格等于边际成本（P=MC）C 价格等于边际收益（P=MR）D 价格等于平均成本（P=AC）2、公共物品的市场需求曲线是消费者个人需求曲线的（ )。

A 水平相加B 垂直相加C 算术平均数D 加权平均数3、下列哪种情况使总收益增加？（）A需求缺乏弹性，提高价格B需求缺乏弹性，降低价格C需求富有弹性，提高价格D需求单位弹性，降低价格4、下列哪种因素不会使需求曲线的位置发生变化？（）A 消费者收入变化B 商品价格变化C 消费者偏好变化D 相关商品的价格变化5、下列哪种情况不正确？( ）A 如果供给减少，需求不变,均衡价格将上升B 如果供给增加，需求减少,均衡价格将下降C 如果需求增加，供给减少，均衡价格将上升D 如果需求减少，供给增加，均衡价格将上升6、消费者剩余是( )。

A 消费过剩的商品B 消费者得到的总效用C 需求曲线以下、均衡价格以上部分的面积D 支出的货币总效用7、只要产权被明确后，在交易成本较小时，市场将产生一个有效率的结果，这种观点称为( ）。

A 有效市场理论B 看不见的手C 科斯定理 D逆向选择8、如果市场上某种商品相对社会最优产量来说，处于供给不足状态，这说明存在（）.A 正外部经济B 没有外部性C 负外部经济 D无法判断9、如果是连续地增加某种生产要素,在总产量达到最大时，边际产量曲线（ )。

A 与纵轴相交 B经过原点C 与平均产量曲线相交 D与横轴相交10、完全垄断厂商的平均收益曲线为直线时，边际收益曲线也是直线.边际收益曲线的斜率为平均收益曲线斜率的( )。

A 2倍；B 1/2倍C １倍；D 2.5倍。

11、规模报酬递减是在下述情况下发生的（ ).A 按比例连续增加各种生产要素B 不按比例连续增加各种生产要素C 连续地投入某种生产要素而保持其他要素不变D 上述都正确12、若某商品价格上升2％，其需求下降3%，则该商品的需求价格弹性是 ( ）A 缺乏弹性的B 富有弹性的C 有单位弹性的D 无法确定13、在垄断竞争市场长期均衡时，超额利润会趋于零，这是由于（ ).A 新厂商可以自由进入该行业B 产品存在差异C 成本最小化D 收益最大化14、完全竞争市场的厂商短期供给曲线是指( ）。

2017年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题******************************************************************************************** 学科与专业名称：管理科学与工程考试科目代码与名称：827，管理学、运筹学考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

第一部分：管理学部分一、单项选择题（5题×3分，共15分）1.控制的最高境界是（A），它能够在事故发生之前就采取有效的预防措施，以防患于未然。

A.前馈控制B.现场控制C.即时控制D.反馈控制解释：前馈控制指通过观察情况、收集整理信息、掌握规律、预测趋势，正确预计未来可能出现的问题，提前采取措施，将可能发生的偏差消除在萌芽状态中，为避免在未来不同发展阶段可能出现的问题而事先采取的措施。

2.甲公司生产某种产品的固定成本是30万元,除去固定成本外,该产品每单位成本为4元,市场价格为10元,若要实现盈亏平衡,该产品的产量应该为（C）。

A.30,000件B.40,000件C.50,000件D.60,000件解释：要实现盈亏平衡，换句话说就是要让盈利的部分正好和固定成本相等（或理解为抵消掉），而每件产品可以挣10-4=6元，所以用30万除以6，等于5万件。

3.下述哪项活动和领导职能无关？（ B ）。

A.向下属传达自己对销售工作目标的认识B.与某用户谈判以期达成一项长期销售计划C.召集各地分公司经理探讨和协调销售计划的落实情况D.召集公司有关部门的职能人员开联谊会，鼓励他们克服难关解释：领导职能是去激励人们产生高绩效。

4、“运筹帷幄之中，决胜千里之外”，这里的“运筹帷幄”反映了管理的哪一个职能？（ A ）。

A．计划职能 B．组织职能 C．领导职能 D．控制职能解释：运筹帷幄即运筹于帷幄。

运即运转，运用；筹即计谋、谋划；帷幄指古代军中帐幕。

暨南大学〔2021全套〕经济学院西方经济学2002——2005，2021，2021〔均为回忆版〕金融学根底〔联考〕2002——2021〔2002——2007有答案〕概率论与数理统计2005〔回忆版〕概率统计2001统计学原理2001管理学院西方经济学2002——2005，2021，2021〔均为回忆版〕产业经济学2005心理统计与心理测量2005〔回忆版〕会计学〔一〕1998——2002〔其中2002为回忆版〕会计学〔二〕1998——2002〔其中2002为回忆版〕会计学2003〔回忆版〕，2006〔回忆版〕管理学1996——2001，2003——2005〔其中2003和2005为回忆版〕微观与宏观经济学2004——2005管理学与微观经济学〔会计学、企业管理、旅游管理专业〕2021〔回忆版〕行政管理学2005教育经济学2005公共政策2021〔回忆版〕公共管理学2021〔回忆版〕法学院国际经济法2003〔回忆版〕国际法2003国际关系学2002——2003国际政治与国际关系2001国际关系史2002——2003，2021，2021〔2021为回忆版〕国际政治、国际关系专业综合考试2001国际关系专业经济方向试题〔专业根底〕2003世界经济1998——2002法学综合(宪法、国际法)2021〔回忆版〕法学专业根底(经济法、民法)2021〔回忆版〕文学院美学原理2021〔回忆版〕美学评论与写作2021〔回忆版〕文学理论2003〔回忆版〕中国古代文学史2003〔回忆版〕欧美文学史2005〔回忆版〕现当代文学2021〔回忆版〕文学理论2021〔回忆版〕中国通史2004，2006〔均为回忆版〕世界通史2004，2006〔均为回忆版〕华文学院语言学综合(含语言学概论、古代汉语和写作) 2004——2006〔均为回忆版〕现代汉语A 2004——2007〔均为回忆版〕语言文学根底理论2021〔回忆版〕外国语学院〔无此专业试卷〕新闻与传播学院传播理论2002传播业务2005〔回忆版〕，2006〔回忆版〕，2007〔回忆版〕传播史论2005〔回忆版〕，2006〔回忆版〕，2007〔回忆版〕新闻传播理论1995——2001〔答案有：2001〕新闻传播史论2003，2021〔2021为回忆版〕新闻传播业务2021〔回忆版〕新闻理论2002〔回忆版〕新闻业务1995——2001，2002〔回忆版〕，2003〔回忆版〕，2005〔回忆版〕，2006〔回忆版〕，2007〔回忆版〕新闻史论2005〔回忆版〕，2006〔回忆版〕，2007〔回忆版〕中外新闻事业史1995——2001，2002〔回忆版〕暨南大学期末考试试卷：〔以下试卷每份10元〕：1、新闻采访学2001-2002学年度第一学期考试试卷A卷2、新闻采访学2001-2002学年度第一学期考试试卷B卷〔缺页〕3、中国新闻史2001-2002学年度第二学期考试试卷A卷4、中国新闻史2001-2002学年度第二学期考试试卷B卷5、传播学概论2001-2002学年度第一学期考试试卷A卷6、传播学概论2001-2002学年度第一学期考试试卷B卷7、新闻学概论2001-2002学年度第一学期考试试卷A卷8、外国新闻史期末考试试卷1份9、播送电视概论2001-2002学年度第一学期考试试卷1、?播送电视概论?教学大纲〔彭伟步老师编〕共91页，85元。

暨南大学微观经济学习题集Exercises for MicroeconomicsChapter 1问题1 ScarcityA. is the inability to satisfy all our wants.B. leads to higher prices.C. applies only to people living in poverty.D. is not something that affects very rich people.E. used to exist everywhere but has been eliminated in advanced economies.问题2 The study of economics is best described as a study ofA. the factors that influence the stock and bond markets.B. capitalism.C. the choices made in producing goods and services.D. coping with scarcity, and choices made as a result of scarcity in a society.E. how people earn a living.问题3 Microeconomics is the branch of economics that deals with which of the following topics?A. The behavior of individual consumersB. Unemployment and interest ratesC. The behavior of individual firms and investorsD. B and CE. A and C问题4 A Rolling Stones song goes: ?You can?t always get what you want.?This echoes an importanttheme from microeconomics. Which of the following statements is the best example of thistheme?A. Consumers must make the best purchasing decisions theycan, given their limitedincomes.B. Workers do not have as much leisure as they would like, given their wages and workingconditions.C. Workers in planned economies, such as North Korea, do not have much choice over jobs.D. Firms in market economies have limited financial resources.问题5 Economics is about the allocation of scarce resources. Which of the following is NOT anexample of economic scarcity?A. If Steve goes to see the movie Master and Commander on Saturday, he will not be able to afford buying ice cream.B. If Jenny studies for her economics quiz this evening, she will not have time to walk herdog.C. If General Motors increases its production of SUVs this year, it will have to spend moreon advertising.D. If Borders Books increases the number of titles it carries, it will have to reallocate shelf space to accommodate the new titles.问题6 A valid and useful theory of gold prices:A. helps to predict the movements of gold prices over time.B. may be founded on simplifying assumptions.C. need not exactly predict every change in gold prices.D. all of the aboveE. none of the above问题7 Which of the following is a positive statement?A. The President of the United States ought to be elected by a direct vote of the American people rather than the Electoral College.B. A fundamental assumption of the economic theory of consumer behavior is that consumers always prefer having more of any good to having less of it.C. Because many adults cannot afford to go to college, tax credits for tuition should be introduced.D. all of the aboveE. none of the above问题8 Which of the following is a normative statement?A. The taxes paid by the poor should be reduced in order to improve the incomedistribution in the U.S.B. State governments should not subsidize corporations by training welfare recipients.C. Presidential candidates should not be given funds from the federal government to runcampaigns.D. The sea otter should not be allowed to spread into Southern California coastal waters, because it will reduce the value of fisheries.E. all of the above问题9 Which of the following is a positive statement?A. Intermediate microeconomics should be required of all economics majors in order to build a solid foundation in economic theory.B. The minimum wage should not be increased because this action would increase unemployment.C. Smoking should be restricted on all airline flights.D. All automobile passengers should be required to wear seatbelts in order to protect them against injury.E. none of the above问题10 Which of the following is a positive statement?A. When the price of a good goes up, consumers buy less of it.B. When the price of a good goes up, firms produce more of it.C. When the Federal government sells bonds, interest rates rise and private investment is reduced.D. all of the aboveE. none of the above问题11 The key assumption underlying the theory of the firm is that:A. firms are assumed to maximize sales revenue.B. managers are assumed to maximize the number of employees in their department.C. firms are assumed to maximize profits.D. none of the above问题12 Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The trade-offs facing consumers and producers are based on prices.B. All prices are determined by market interactions between buyers and sellers.C. Prices serve an important role in microeconomics.D. Only A and B above false.E. Only B and C above are false.问题13 The trade-offs facing consumers include:A. how to allocate income across goods and serves.B. how to allocate income between consumption and savings.C. both A and BD. none of the above问题14 The trade-offs facing workers include all of the following EXCEPT:A. decision to work or remain outside the workforce.B. decision to work or seek additional education.C. decision to work for a large corporation or a small firm.D. decision to allocate their time between work and leisure.E. All of the above are trade-offs facing workers.问题15 Firms face trade-offs in production, including decisions related to:A. which products to produce.B. how much of a particular product to produce.C. the best way to produce a given amount of output.D. all of the above问题16 The price of a taco was $0.29 in 1970 and $0.99 in 1993. The CPI was 38.8 in 1970 and 144.0 in 1993. The 1993 price of a taco in 1970 dollars is:A. $0.08.B. $0.27.C. $0.34.D. $3.67.问题17 Which of the following markets has the most restrictive geographic boundary?A. The market for retail gasolineB. The market for housingC. The market for goldD. The market for beef问题18 Why is market definition important for economic decision making?A. A firm is interested in knowing its actual and potential competitors.B. A firm will define its market in order to maximize revenue.C. Government regulators are interested in knowing the effect of mergers and acquisitions on competition and prices in a particular market.D. both A and CE. both A and B问题19 What does it mean when the CPI is higher this year than last?A. The rate of inflation has increased.B. There has been inflation since last year.C. Real prices have increased.D. Real prices have decreased.问题20 Which of the following could not possibly be included in the same market as Coke?A. A) PepsiB. GatoradeC. MilkD. BreadChapter 2问题1 Which of the following is NOT an application of supply and demand analysis?A. Understanding changing world economic conditions and their effects on pricesB. Evaluating the effects of government price controls on the agricultural industryC. Determining how taxes affect aggregate consumption spending patternsD. all of the aboveE. none of the above问题2 A supply curve reveals:A. the quantity of output consumers are willing to purchase at each possible market price.B. the difference between quantity demanded and quantity supplied at each price.C. the maximum level of output an industry can produce, regardless of price.D. the quantity of output that producers are willing to produce and sell at each possible market price.问题3 Plastic and steel are substitutes in the production of body panels for certain automobiles. If the price of plastic increases, with other things remaining the same, we would expect:A. the price of steel to fall.B. the demand curve for steel to shift to the right.C. the demand curve for plastic to shift to the left.D. nothing to happen to steel because it is only a substitute for plastic.E. the demand curve for steel to shift to the left.问题4 Coffee and cream:A. are both luxury goods.B. are complements.C. are both more inelastic in demand in the long run than in the short run.D. have a positive cross price elasticity of demand.问题5 Which of the following would shift the demand curve for new textbooks to the right?A. A fall in the price of paper used in publishing textsB. A fall in the price of equivalent used textbooksC. An increase in the number of students attending collegeD. A fall in the price of new textbooks.问题6 When an industry?s raw material costs increase, other things remaining the same,A. the supply curve shifts to the left.B. the supply curve shifts to the right.C. output increases regardless of the market price and the supply curve shifts upward.D. output decreases and the market price also decreases.问题7 Sugar can be refined from sugar beets. When the price of those beets falls,A. the demand curve for sugar would shift right.B. the demand curve for sugar would shift left.C. the supply curve for sugar would shift right.D. the supply curve for sugar would shift left.问题8 Assume that steak and potatoes are complements. When the price of steak goes up, the demand curve for potatoes:A. shifts to the left.B. shifts to the right.C. remains constant.D. shifts to the right initially and then returns to its original position.问题9 Which of the following events will cause a leftward shift in the supply curve of gasoline?A. A decrease in the price of gasolineB. An increase in the wage rate of refinery workersC. Decrease in the price of crude oilD. An improvement in oil refining technologyE. all of the above问题10 Which of the following will NOT cause a shift in the supply of gasoline?A. An increase in the wage rate of refinery workersB. A decrease in the price of gasolineC. An improvement in oil refiningD. technologyA decrease in the price of crude oil问题11 You are analyzing the demand for good X. Which of the following will result in a shift to the right of the demand curve for X?A. A decrease in the price of XB. An increase in the price of a good that is a complement to good XC. An increase in the price of a good that is a substitute for XD. all of the above问题12 The price of good A goes up. As a result, the demand for good B shifts to the left. From this we can infer that:A. good A is used to produce goodB.B. good B is used to produce good A.C. goods A and B are substitutes.D. goods A and B are complements.E. none of the above问题13 Which of the following will cause the demand curve for Beatles?compact discs to shift to the right?A. An increase in the price of the discsB. A decrease in consumers?incomesC. An increase in the price of Phil Collins' latest compact disc (a substitute)D. all of the aboveE. none of the above问题14 Which of the following will NOT cause a rightward shift in the demand curve for beer?A. A change in the price of beerB. A health study indicating positive health benefits of moderate beer consumptionC. An increase in the price of French wine (a substitute)D. A decrease in the price of potato chips (a complement)E. none of the above问题15 Suppose biochemists discover an enzyme that candouble the amount of ethanol that may be derived from a given amount of biomass. Based on this technological development, we expect the:A. supply curve for ethanol to shift leftward.B. supply curve for ethanol to shift rightward.C. demand curve for ethanol to shift leftward.D. demand curve for ethanol to shift rightward.问题16 Due to the recent increase in the price of natural gas, the quantity of coal demanded by electric power generation plants has increased. Based on this information, coal and natural gas are:A. complements.B. substitutes.C. independent goods.D. none of the above问题17 To protect the cod fishery off the northeast coast of the U.S., the federal government may limit the amount of fish that each boat can catch in the fishery. The result of this public policy is to:A. shift the cod demand curve to the left.B. shift the cod demand curve to the right.C. shift the cod supply curve to the right.D. shift the cod supply curve to the left.问题18 When the current price is above the market-clearing level we would expect:A. quantity demanded to exceed quantity supplied.B. quantity supplied to exceed quantity demanded.C. a shortage.D. greater production to occur during the next period.问题19 Assume that the current market price is below themarket clearing level. We would expect:A. a surplus to accumulate.B. B) downward pressure on the current market price.C. upward pressure on the current market price.D. lower production during the next time period.问题20 As long as the actual market price exceeds the equilibrium market price, there will be:A. downward pressure on the market price.B. upward pressure on the market price.C. no purchases made.D. Both A and C are correct.E. Both B and C are correct.Chapter 3问题1 Gary Franklin is a movie critic. He invented the Franklin Scale with which he rates movies from 1 to 10 (10 being best). When asked about his scale, Mr. Franklin explained "that it is a subjective measure of movie quality. A movie with a ranking of 10 is not necessarily 10 times better than a movie with a ranking of 1, but it is better. A movie with a ranking of 5 is better than a movie with a ranking of 1, but is not as good a movie with a ranking of 10. That's all it really tells you." Based on Mr. Franklin's description, his scale is:A) ordinal but not cardinal.B) cardinal but not ordinal.C) an objective standard to judge movies.D) neither cardinal nor ordinal.问题 2 Which of the following is NOT an assumption regarding people's preferences in the theory of consumer behavior?A) Preferences are complete..B) Preferences are transitive.C) Consumers prefer more of a good to less.D) All of the above are basic assumptions about consumer preferences问题3 The theory of consumer behavior is based on certain assumptions. The set of four basic assumptions includes:A) completeness.B) transitivity.C) intransitivity.D) Both A and B are correct.E) Both A and C are correct.问题4 The assumption of transitive preferences implies that indifference curves must:A) not cross one another.B) have a positive slope.C) be L-shaped.D) be convex to the origin.E) all of the above问题5 A consumer prefers market basket A to market basket B, and prefers market basket B to market basket C. Therefore, A is preferred to C. The assumption that leads to this conclusion is:A) transitivity.B) completeness.C) all goods are good.D) diminishing MRS.E) assumption of rationality.问题6 The assumption that preferences are complete:A) means that a consumer will spend her entire income.B) is unnecessary, as long as transitivity is assumed.C) recognizes that there may be pairs of market baskets thatcannot be compared.D) means that the consumer can compare any two market baskets of goods and determine that either one is preferred to the other or that she is indifferent between them.问题7 If a market basket is changed by adding more of at least one good, then rational consumers will:A) rank the market basket more highly after the change.B) more likely prefer a different market basket.C) rank the market basket as being just as desirable as before.D) be unable to decide whether the first market basket is preferred to the second or vice versa.E) have indifference curves that cross.问题8 A curve that represents all combinations of market baskets that provide the same level of utility to a consumer is called:A) a budget line.B) an isoquant.C) an indifference curve.D) a demand curve.E) none of the above问题9 An upward sloping indifference curve defined over two goods violates which of the following assumptions from the theory of consumer behavior?A) transitivity.B) preferences are complete.C) more is preferred to less.D) all of the aboveE) none of the above问题10 The slope of an indifference curve reveals:A) that preferences are complete.B) the marginal rate of substitution of one good for another good.C) the ratio of market prices.D) that preferences are transitive.E) none of the above问题11 Zoe is an executive at Dell Computer Company who is in charge of designing the next version of laptop computers. She will consider such features as screen size, weight, processor speed, and CD and DVD drives. Given the fact that it is costly to include more features in new products, why might Zoe be interested in data on how much consumers paid for a range of laptops with different attributes?A) in order to estimate willingness to pay for each feature.B) in order to set an optimal price for the laptops.C) in order to determine the best features to include.D) in order to estimate willingness to trade off one feature for another.E) all of the above问题12 In what ways can economists help auto manufacturers estimate the marginal rate of substitution between features such as vehicle interior size and acceleration?A) Examining production cost dataB) Conducting consumer surveys about willingness to pay for auto featuresC) Solving the standard consumer model D) Statistically analyzing historical data on purchases of different types of autosE) B and D only问题13 Indifference curves are convex to the origin because of:A) transitivity of consumer preferences.B) the assumption of a diminishing marginal rate of substitution.C) the assumption that more is preferred to less.D) the assumption of completeness.E) none of the above问题14 Suppose that a market basket of two goods is changed by adding more of one of the goods and subtracting one unit of the other. The consumer will:A) rank the market basket more highly after the change.B) rank the market basket more highly before the change.C) rank the market basket just as desirable as before.D) any one of the above statements may be true.问题15 If indifference curves cross, then:A) the assumption of a diminishing marginal rate of substitution is violated.B) the assumption of transitivity is violated.C) the assumption of completeness is violated.D) consumers minimize their satisfaction.E) all of the above问题16 Which of the following is true about the indifference curve where one commodity (such as pollution) is "bad"?A) It has a negative slope. .B) It has a positive slope.C) It is horizontal.D) It is vertical问题17 If indifference curves are concave to the origin, which assumption on preferences is violated?A) Diminishing marginal rates of substitutionB) Transitivity of preferencesC) More is preferred to lessD) Completeness问题18 Envision a graph with meat on the horizontal axis and vegetables on the vertical axis. A strict vegetarian would have indifference curves that are:A) vertical lines.B) horizontal lines.C) diagonal straight lines.D) right angles. E) upward sloping.问题19 Mikey is very picky and insists that his mom make his breakfast with equal parts of cereal and apple juice--any other combination and it ends up on the floor. Cereal costs 4 cents per tablespoon and apple juice costs 6 cents per tablespoon. If Mikey's mom budgets $8 per month for Mikey's breakfast, how much cereal and juice does she buy?A) 40 tablespoons each of cereal and juiceB) 80 tablespoons each of cereal and juiceC) 40 tablespoons of cereal and 75 tablespoons of juiceD) 100 tablespoons of cereal and 67 tablespoons of juice问题20 Jane is trying to decide which courses to take next semester. She has narrowed down her choice to two courses, Econ 1 and Econ 2. Now she is having trouble and cannot decide which of the two courses to take. It's not that she is indifferent between the two courses, she just cannot decide. An economist would say that this is an example of preferences that:A) are not transitive.B) are incomplete.C) violate the assumption that more is preferred to less.D) all of the aboveChapter 4问题1 As we move downward along a demand curve forapples,A) consumer well-being decreases.B) the marginal utility of apples decreases.C) the marginal utility of apples increases.D) Both A and B are true.E) Both A and C are true.问题2 The change in the price of one good has no effect on the quantity demanded of another good. These goods are:A) complements.B) substitutes.C) both inferior.D) both Giffen goods.E) none of the above问题3 The price of good A goes up. As a result the demand for good B shifts to the left. From this we can infer that:A) good A is a normal good.B) good B is an inferior good.C) goods A and B are substitutes.D) goods A and B are complements.E) none of the above问题4 An individual demand curve can be derived from the ______ curve.A) price-consumptionB) price-incomeC) income-substitutionD) income-consumptionE) Engel问题5 Which of the following claims is true at each point along a price-consumption curve?A) Utility is maximized but income is not all spent.B) All income is spent, but utility is not maximized.C) Utility is maximized, and all income is spent.D) The level of utility is constant.问题6 Which of the following is true regarding income along a price-consumption curve?A) Income is increasing.B) Income is decreasing.C) Income is constant.D) The level of income depends on the level of utility.问题7 Which of the following is true regarding utility along a price-consumption curve?A) It is constant.B) It changes from point to point.C) It changes only if income changes.D) It changes only for normal goods.问题8 The income-consumption curveA) illustrates the combinations of incomes needed with various levels of consumption of a good.B) is another name for income-demand curve.C) illustrates the utility-maximizing combinations of goods associated with every income level.D) shows the utility-maximizing quantity of some good (on the horizontal axis) as a function of income (on the vertical axis).问题9 Which of the following pairs of goods are NOT complements?A) Hockey sticks and hockey pucksB) Computer CPUs and computer monitorsC) On-campus student housing and off-campus rental apartments D) all of theaboveE) none of the above问题10 Which of the following goods has a low, but positive, income elasticity of demand?A) furniture.B) new cars.C) health insurance.D) all of the aboveE) none of the above问题11 If an Engel curve has a positive slopeA) both goods are normal.B) the good on the horizontal axis is normalC) as the price of the good on the horizontal axis increases, more of both goods in consumed.D) as the price of the good on the vertical axis increases, more of the good on the horizontal axis is consumed.问题12 Which of the following pairs of goods are substitutes?A) Baseball bats and baseballsB) Hot dogs and mustardC) Computer hardware and softwareD) Gasoline and motor oilE) Owner-occupied housing and rental housing问题13 When the income-consumption curve has a positive slope throughout its entire length, we can conclude thatA) both goods are inferior.B) both goods are normal.C) the good on the vertical (y) axis is inferior.D) the good on the horizontal (x) axis is inferior问题14 Consider two goods X and Y available for consumption. Assume that the price of X changes while the price of Y remains fixed. For these two goods, the price-consumptioncurve illustrates theA) relationship between the price of X and consumption of Y.B) utility-maximizing combinations of X and Y for each price of X.C) relationship between the price of Y and the consumption of X.D) utility-maximizing combinations of X and Y for each quantity of X.问题15 Consider a graph on which one good Y is on the vertical axis and the only other good X is on the horizontal axis. On this graph the income-consumption curve has a positive slope for low incomes, then it takes a zero slope for a higher income, and then it takes a negative slope for even higher incomes (the curve looks like an arc, first rising and then falling as income increases). This curve illustrates that, for all income levels,A) both X and Y are normal.B) only Y is normal.C) both X and Y are inferior.D) only X is normal.问题16 According to a survey by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, which of the following statements about annual U.S. household consumer expenditures is false?A) The income elasticity of demand for entertainment is positive.B) The income elasticity of demand for owner-occupied housing is positive.C) The income elasticity of demand for rental housing is positive.D) The income elasticity of demand for health care is positive.E) Average family expenditures increase with income.问题17 The income-consumption curve for Dana between Qa and Qb is given as: Qa = Qb. His budget constraint is given as:120 = Qa + 4QbHow much Qa will Dana consume to maximize utility?A) 0B) 24C) 30D) 60问题18 Jon's income-consumption curve is a straight line from the origin with a positiveslope. Now suppose that Jon's preferences change such that his income-consumption curve remains a straight line but rotates 15 degrees clockwise. Jon's demand curve for the good on thehorizontal axisA) will shift left.B) will shift right.C) will not change.D) might do any of the above.问题19 Suppose that a consumer regards two types of soap as perfect substitutes for one another. The price consumption path generated by changing the price of one type of soapA) is always upward sloping.B) is always horizontal.C) is always vertical.D) corresponds with the axis for the cheaper soap.E) corresponds with the axis for the more expensive soap.问题20 Your income response for bicycle riding changes with the amount of income you earn. At low levels of income, you view bicycle riding as an inferior good and substitute other types oftransportation (e.g., auto travel) as your income rises. However, you view bicycle riding as a normal good after your income rises above a particular level. What shape does your Engel curve for bicycle riding have?A) Vertical lineB) Horizontal lineC) C-shapedD) Upward slopingE) none of the aboveChapter 6问题1 A production function defines the output that can be producedA) at the lowest cost, given the inputs available.B) for the average firm.C) if the firm is technically efficient.D) in a given time period if no additional inputs are hired.E) as technology changes over time.问题2 A production function assumes a givenA) technology.B) set of input prices.C) ratio of input prices.D) amount of capital and labor.E) amount of output.问题3 A function that indicates the maximum output per unit of time that a firm can produce, for every combination of inputs with a given technology, is calledA) an isoquant.B) a production possibility curve.C) a production function.D) an isocost function.问题4 Which of the following inputs are variable in the long run?A) labor.B) capital and equipment.C) plant size.D) all of these.问题5 The short run isA) less than a year.B) three years.C) however long it takes to produce the planned output. D) a time period in which at least one input is fixed.E) a time period in which at least one set of outputs has been decided upon.问题6 Joe owns a small coffee shop, and his production function is q = 3KL where q is total output in cups per hour, K is the number of coffee machines (capital), and L is the number of employeeshired per hour (labor). If Joe's capital is currently fixed at K=3 machines, what is his short-run production function?A) q = 3LB) q = 3L2C) q = 9LD) q = 3K2问题7 For many firms, capital is the production input that is typically fixed in the short run. Which of the following firms would face the longest time required to adjust its capital inputs?A) Firm that makes DVD players.B) Computer chip fabricatorC) Flat-screen TV manufacturerD) Nuclear power plant问题8 We manufacturer automobiles given the production。