2015年职称英语考试 理工 概括大意考试重点 已按重要程度排序

职称英语历年真题《理工A》概括大意职称英语历年真题《理工A》概括大意精选职称英语考试一共有6个题型，包括阅读理解、完形填空、词汇选项、概括大意完成句子、补全短文和阅读判断。

要求在2个小时全部完成，题量大时间少，这就需要考生合理分配复习重点，应试时合理分配做题时间。

以下是yjbys网店铺整理的关于职称英语历年真题《理工A》概括大意精选，供大家备考。

Climate Change: The Long Reach(1) Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There's more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge (评估) Earth's future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.(2) People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earth's surface. And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn't slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years--and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.(3) Most climate-change studies look at what's going to happen in the next century or so. During that time, changes in the planet's environment could nudge ( 推动) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt,sunlight can now reach--and warm--the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a "fast feedback".(4) Zeebe says it's important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they're limited. From a climate change perspective. "This century is the most important time for the next few generations," he told Science News. "But the world is not ending in 2100." For his new study,Zeebe now focuses on "slow feedbacks". While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life--as they relocate to more comfortable areas--are two examples of slow feedbacks.(5) Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate.Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 ℃--for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that stow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.23～26概括大意23. Paragraph 2__________24. Paragraph 3 __________25. Paragraph 4 __________26. Paragraph 5 __________A. Rising of sea levelsB. Impact of burning fossil fuelsC. Fast feedbacksD. Slow feedbacksE. Unpredictability of feedback processesF. A prediction of future climate change27～30完成句子27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in __________.28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach __________.29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing __________.30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for__________.A. the exposed groundB. a very long timeC. the extra heatD. recorded historyE. previously published studiesF. rapid exaggeration of impacts答案与解析：23.A。

概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上Alaska1In1868Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state,symbolizing a change of attitude from that held in 1867,when the peninsula was purchased from Russia.Then,most Americans had little interest in1,500,000square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bears”—beyond Canada's western borders,far from the settled areas of the United States.2In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle,Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears.Ice masses lie buried in the earth,which is permanently frozen to a depth of90or more meters.From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat,treeless region,but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.3Alaska is America's largest state,but only about 325,000people live there.According to estimates,800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about640,000hectares are being cultivated.4Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries.It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia,probably crossing Bering Strait,named for Vitus Bering,the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in1741.The Eskimos are the state's earliest known inhabitants.Russian fur traders established settlements but,by the time Alaska was sold to the United States,most of the traders had departed.5In1896gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border.Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike;some never returned.Alaska was never completely cut off again,although even today transportation is a major problem.There are only two motor routes from the U.S.mainland,and within the state, every town has its own airfield.Planes fly passengers,mail and freight to the most distant villages.6The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended,and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature,the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters.The fish caught in a single year range in valuefrom$80million to$90million.Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams,and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters.After fishing,the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp.In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil.The state also has large deposits of coal,copper,gold and other minerals.23Paragraph3_________24Paragraph4_________25Paragraph5_________26Paragraph6_________A Rich resources of the stateB Connections with the outside worldC Transportation problemD The natives of the landE Cold climateF Land and population27For as long as three months of a year,the sun _________on the ice-covered land of Alaska.28According to statistics,_________of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.29Alaska was originally part of Russia,but was bought _________30Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth_________A as fish doesB because of its rich natural resourcesC by the United States in the19th centuryD shines day and nightE only a very small percentageF a limited amount of the gold found there概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

2015职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案2015年职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案Part I Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:When it comes to eco-friendly homes, cost and energy efficiency remain top priorities for most people. However, the benefits of a sustainable living environment extend far beyond just these two factors. In the past few years, a new trend has emerged that focuses on creating healthy indoor spaces that enhance both physical and mental well-being.Indoor air quality, natural lighting, and building materials are key elements that contribute to the overall healthfulness of a home. Homes with low levels of indoor pollutants can reduce the risk of respiratory diseases and allergies, while exposure tonatural light can improve mood and alertness. Additionally, choosing natural and non-toxic building materials can further enhance the well-being of the occupants.1. The main idea of the passage is__________.A. c ost and energy efficiency are the top priorities foreco-friendly homesB. sustainable living environments benefit people’s physical and mental healthC. i ndoor air quality is the most important factor for a healthy homeD. healthy indoor spaces are expensive to createAnswer: B2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as contributing to the overall healthfulness of a home?A. I ndoor air qualityB. Natural lightingC. S oundproofingD. Building materialsAnswer: C3. What can exposure to natural light do for occupants of a home?A. R educe the risk of respiratory diseasesB. Increase the risk of allergiesC. I mprove mood and alertnessD. Decrease energy efficiencyAnswer: C4. What is one way to enhance the well-being of a home’s occupants?A. C hoose natural and non-toxic building materialsB. Use synthetic materials in constructionC. I nstall artificial lightingD. Increase indoor pollutantsAnswer: A5. Which of the following best describes the new trend in sustainable living environments mentioned in the passage?A. F ocusing on cost and energy efficiencyB. Creating healthy indoor spaces for physical and mental well-beingC. U sing artificial lightingD. Not considering indoor air qualityAnswer: BSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph based on the content of the statement. Each paragraph may be chosen once.Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:The coffee industry has been a major player in the global economy for centuries. From its origins in Africa to its widespread consumption around the world today, coffee has become an integral part of many cultures. However, recent concerns about the environmental impact of coffee production have raised questions about the sustainability of the industry.6. Coffee has been consumed globally for many centuries.7. Concerns about the environmental impact of coffee production have emerged recently.8. The coffee industry has a long history dating back to Africa.9. Coffee production has become a major economic force around the world.10. The sustainability of the coffee industry is being questioned due to environmental concerns.Answer: 3Part II Vocabulary and StructureSection ADirections: Choose the correct answer to complete each of the following sentences.11. The teacher usually______ her students________a lot of homework.A. gives, tooB. gives, withC. gives, too manyD. gives, a lot ofAnswer: C12. By the time Tom_________ the station, the train had already left.A. had reachedB. reachedC. was reachingD. reachesAnswer: A13. The company is planning _______ a new product line next year.A. launchingB. to launchC. launchedD. launchAnswer: B14. Everyone was surprised by the sudden______ of the storm.A. breakB. strikeC. pauseD. hitAnswer: D15. I’d like to ______ a table for two for this evening, please.A. bookB. reserveC. orderD. reserveAnswer: BSection BDirections: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.16. The company is______ a new marketing campaign to attract customers. (launch)17. We had to ______ our plans due to the bad weather. (revise)18. The______ system in this building is very inefficient. (heat)19. The new manager has brought a lot of______ to the company. (innovate)20. She is very______ about starting her own business. (enthusiasm)Answer: 16. launching17. revise18. heating19. innovation20. enthusiasticPart III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 3Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:One of the biggest challenges facing the technology industry today is cybersecurity. With the increasing amount of data being stored online and the rise of cyber attacks, companies must take steps to protect their information and systems.Cybersecurity professionals play a crucial role in safeguarding sensitive data and preventing security breaches.21. What is the biggest challenge facing the technology industry today?A. Technological advancementsB. CybersecurityC. Data storageD. Cyber attacksAnswer: B22. Why do companies need to protect their information and systems?A. To prevent technological advancementsB. To increase data storageC. To safeguard sensitive dataD. To encourage cyber attacksAnswer: C23. What role do cybersecurity professionals play in the industry?A. Creating security breachesB. Safeguarding sensitive dataC. Increasing cyber attacksD. Preventing data storageAnswer: B24. What must companies do to protect their information and systems?A. Increase data storageB. Safeguard sensitive dataC. Prevent security breachesD. Encourage technological advancementsAnswer: C25. According to the passage, what is on the rise in the technology industry?A. Technological advancementsB. CybersecurityC. Data storageD. Cyber attacksAnswer: DPart IV WritingSection ADirections: In this section, you are going to write an essay on the importance of lifelong learning. Write at least 150 words.Lifelong learning is essential in today’s rapidly changing world. With advances in technology and globalization, the skills and knowledge required for success are constantly evolving. In order to stay competitive in the workforce, individuals must continue to learn and adapt throughout their careers. Lifelong learning not only enhances one’s job prospects but also contributes to personal development and fulfillment.Furthermore, lifelong learning allows individuals to stay updated on new developments in their field and remain relevant in a rapidly changing environment. By seeking out opportunities for continuous learning, individuals can adapt to new challenges and take advantage of emerging trends. Lifelong learning also fosters creativity and innovation, as individuals are exposed to new ideas and perspectives.In conclusion, lifelong learning is an invaluable asset in today’s fast-paced world. By committing to continuouslearning, individuals can enhance their skills, stay relevant in the workforce, and lead more fulfilling lives. Investing in lifelong learning is a positive step towards personal and professional growth.Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences into English.26. 我们必须采取措施保护环境，防止进一步的破坏。

2015年职称英语考试综合类概括大意与完成句子阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后的练习分两部分，第一部分要求从所给的选项里选出所标段落的段落标题；第二部分要求根据文章的内容用所给的选项来完成句子。

第一篇The Making of a Success Story1 IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business一IKEA.2 IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up ('E' and 'A'). Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furniture1, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad's wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices2, including watches, pens and stockings.3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The fUrniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.4 In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture iti attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelmiig: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging3. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world's richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing.词汇：entrepreneur /,entrəprə'nə:/ n.企业家ware /weə/ n.货物minimalist /'miniməlist / adj.最简单的self-sufficiency /'self-sə'fiʃənsi/ n.自足注释： 1. minimalist furniture：风格简约的家具 2. discounted prices：折扣价3. flat packaging：平板包装练习： 1. Paragraph 2_________ 2. Paragraph 3_________ 3. Paragraph 4_________ 4. Paragraph 5_________ 5. Even when he was only a child, _________. 6. _________, and years later became a big companyspecialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture. 7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA's showrooms because _________. 8. As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, _________ 2014年综合类职称英语教材概括大意与完成句子答案与题解： 1. C 第二段介绍了IKEA这个店名的来源以及它刚开始的时候是一家什么样的小杂货店 2. D 第三段讲了IKEA通过邮购方式销售自己设计、自己制造的家具，业绩喜人，从而扩大生产线，专事家具产销。

一、概述全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。

本考试遵循“严格要求、实事求是、区别对待、逐步提高”的原则，根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和使用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别专业技术职务的人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类和卫生类，每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试于每年4月份举行。

A、B、C三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。

二、评价目标全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。

考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在2小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容;申报B级的人员在2小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容;申报C级的人员在2小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。

为达到上述目标，考试对应试者的英语汇量、语法知识和阅读理解能力分别提出如下要求：(一)词汇量考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本大纲所附词汇表。

对申报不同级别的应试者要求认知的词汇量不等：1.申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语;2.申报B级的人员应认知5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语;3.申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。

(二)语法知识考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括：1.英语句子的基本语序及其意义;2.英语句子的结构和常用句型;3.各种时、体的形式及其意义;4.各种从句的构成及其意义;5.句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。

(三)阅读理解能力应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。

阅读能力主要包括以下几个方面：1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;2.了解阐述主旨的事实和细节;3.利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义;4.既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系;5.根据所读材料进行判断和推论;6.领会作者的观点、意图和态度。

职称英语理工类C级真题2015年(总分：100.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项 (总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The weather last summer was awful.（分数：1.00）A.bad √B.fairC.dryD.hot解析：去年夏天的天气很糟糕。

awful 糟糕。

2.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.（分数：1.00）A.messageB.guiltC.obligationD.punishment √解析：这部法律的惩罚最高可至三年有期徒刑。

penalty 惩罚。

3.My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher.（分数：1.00）A.definitelyB.generallyC.certainlyD.greatly √解析：自从我有了新老师开始，我弹钢琴的技巧大大的提高了。

significantly 大大的，显著地。

4.There is a need for radical changes in education.（分数：1.00）A.revolutionary √B.long-termC.short-termD.systematic解析：教育上需要一次彻底的改变。

radical 彻底的，激进的。

5.It frustrates me that I’m not able to put any of my ideas into practice.（分数：1.00）A.discourages √B.showsC.surprisesD.frightens解析：我不能把我的任何想法付出实践，这让我很沮丧。

frustrate 使之沮丧。

6.I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.（分数：1.00）A.limitB.fear √C.powerD.fool解析：我惊恐的意识到我忘带了礼物。

The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World最近科学家公布了现有的最小的电动机。

就是在一个句号里，上百个这样的电动机也能来回地运动。

将来有一天，类似的发动机也许能够为一个机械医生提供动力，在人的身体里自由移动，治疗疾病。

发动机通过碳纳米管中的原子在两小滴金属溶液间的来回运动进行工作。

其中一个小滴甚至比另一个还要小。

当微弱的电流通过时，大一点的小滴金属溶液中的原子就会缓慢逸出，进入小一点的小滴。

这样，后者体积不断增大——但决不会大到和前者一样——最后，与大一点的小滴金属溶液相撞。

当他们接触时，大的小滴便夺回它失去的原子。

能量这样迅速地来回运动就产生一次动力冲程。

这项技术利用了表面张力的原理——原子或分子有不愿被分开的倾向——这在纳米等级上更加重要。

表面张力同样也使某些昆虫能在水上行走。

虽然这样产生的能量很少——只有20微瓦，但与电动机的小等级相比，功率也是相当可观了。

整个装置的体积不到200纳米，比起人类一根头发的宽度，它要小几百倍。

如果纳米电动机能按比例放大到汽车发动机的尺寸，它将会比丰田凯美瑞的225马力的V6引擎还要大1亿倍。

1988年，理查德·乌勒教授和他的同事发明了第一台微型发动机，100微米长，或者说有一根头发那么粗。

2003年，泽特尔的小组制造出第一台纳米级的发动机。

2006年，他们又造出了纳米传送带，能够像工厂里传送汽车那样移动极小的粒子。

纳米技术的工程师尽力去模拟自然，用一个个原子来制造物体。

在这些事物当中，纳米发动机能够被用于光电路来改变光的方向，该过程被称为光学转换。

未来主义者预想有一天，被纳米发动机驱动的纳米机器能在人体内移动，发现疾病并修复被破坏的细胞。

1. Paragraph 2 E2. Paragraph 4 B3. Paragraph 5 D4. Paragraph 6 FA An Introduction of a Toyota’s 225 Horsepower V6 EngineB .A Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and SizeC Surface TensionD Previous Inventions of Nanoscale ProductsE The Working Principle of the NanomotorF Possible Fields of Application in the Future5. Doctors envision that the nanomotor would travel through human bodies to . A6. Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to . B7. Nanoconveyors could be used to . F8. Applying a small electric current causes atoms to . CA remove diseaseB resist separatingC shuffle between two molten metal dropletsD power nanornachinesE sop up molecules from the large dropletF transport nanoscale objectsA Strong Greenhouse Gas甲烷是一种无色无味的气体，同时也是一种很强烈的温室气体，一旦释放到空气中，就会吸收地球表面散发的热量。

Study Shows Faces Are Processed Like Words1Although they are dramatically different，words and faces are both recognized by parts，according to a study published in February in the Journal of Vision，an online，free access publication of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology（ARVO）。

2It has been suggested that faces and words are recognized differently，that faces are identified by wholes，whereas words and other objects are identified by parts.3However，Marialuisa Martelli，Najib Majaj，and Denis Pelli，three neuroscientists from New York University，conducted a study that finds individuals use letters to recognize words and facial features to recognize faces.4To reach this finding，experiments were performed in which observers were asked to focus on a black dot，to the right of which was a letter.To the left of the dot was a three-letter word in which the letter to the right was in the middle of that word.The visual experiments also involved manipulated faces and facial features.In this case，observers would focus on a black dot.To the dot's right were lips that were fat or thin，or smiling or frowning.To the left of the dot was an entire face.5When the words to the left were spaced normally and the face was of normal proportions，subjects had a great deal of difficulty identifying out of their peripheral vision the letter and the characteristics of the lips.Pelli concludes that context hinders identification and crowds what is to be identified.6In a second experiment，the observers were presented with a context that proved to make recognition easier.Where letter identification was involved，the letters comprising the word to the left of the dot were spread out.When faces were involved，the facial features similarly were spread apart.In this experiment，subjects found naming the letter and recognizing the type of lips to the dot's right far easier.In this case，Pelli notes，to recognize a word or face，each letter or facial feature must be isolated from the rest.7“These measures appear to be identifying what kind of computation is performed by the brain in doing this，”says Pelli.The brain，he says，is recognizing these objects by parts，not as wholes.Our visual system recognizes“bite-sized pieces”of our world，and our brain assembles them into the perceptual objects that constitute our environment.23.Paragraph4_____.24.Paragraph5_____.25.Paragraph6_____.26.Paragraph7_____.A.Brain recognizes objects by partsB.Context prevent identification and crowds being identified.C.How does the brain perform computationD.When recognize a word or face，each letter or facial feature must be isolated from the rest.E.faces and words are recognized differentlyF.observers were asked to focus on a black dot27.In the past people believe_____.28.naming the letter and recognizing the type of lips to the dot's right become more easier because_____.29.our brain_____.30.Our visual system_____.A.letters and the facial features spread apartB.all things are identified by wholesC.faces are identified by wholesD.recognizes our world by piecesE.recognizing objects by parts and assembles them into the perceptual objectsF.context hinders identification and crowds what is to be identified.参考答案：23.F24.B25.D26.C27.C28.A29.E30.D Teach Your Child Science1It is important to make your child interested in science from an early age.Most young children ask a lot of questions and you should give careful scientific answers.Don't only give facts，but try to give explanations as well.2Science is not just knowledge；it is a way of thinking，a method of finding out about the world.We see something.We try to explain it，and we test our idea by setting up an experiment.One day you come home and find the plant on the table has fallen over.You think it might be the wind from the open window or the cat，so you close the window，but leave the cat in and see what happens（you can also try leaving the window open and shutting the cat out）.Of course，you remember there may be a third explanation.3Ask your child to get a piece of string，some salt，a glass of water and an ice cube（冰块）.Tell her to put the ice in the water，and then put one end of the string on the ice，leaving the other end over the side of the glass.Put a little salt on the ice.Wait a minute，and then pull the string；it shouldbe attached to the ice.Ask the child：“What has happened？”4Probably she won't know.Ask her whether fresh water or salt water freezes into ice first.If you live near the sea and have a cold winter，she should know fresh water freezes first as she will have seen that happen Show her how to test the idea by half-filling two paper cups with water，adding salt to one. Then put them in the icebox and check every three minutes.Write the results in a table.The conclusion will be that salt changes the behaviour of water.Thinking about the string，we see the salt turned some of the ice into water.Then the salt went away into the water and the ice froze again leaving the string attached.5Then you can ask，“Will water with salt boil at the same temperature as water without salt？”She can think，tell you her idea and（taking care because of the heat）you can test it in the kitchen.1.Paragraph1_____.2.Paragraph2_____.3.Paragraph3_____.4.Paragraph4_____.A.What exactly is science？B.How do you find an explanation？C.What topics do you need？D.How do you answer your child's questions？E.Where does your child study science？F.How do you set up the experiment on salt and water？5.When your child，asks you questions，you should give her_____.6.We Set up experiments to test our ideas about_____.7.In the experiment，one end of the string was attached to_____.8.The experiment shows that salt changes the behaviour of_____.A.the iceboxB.the iceC.scientific answersD.the experimentE.the worldF.water参考答案：1.D2.A3.F4.B5.C6.E7.B8.FOld Man Myths and Realities1When does a middle-aged man become an old man？Officially，of course，it's when we reach retirement age.But，as we all know，this is a fairly blunt（生硬的）method of decision making.As life expectancy（预期寿命）increases，retirement planning needs to be changed.This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago.2Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man.These days people are talking about the young-old，that is ages70-75，and those over75as the old-old.The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.3Although men are living longer，there are still more old women than old men.This fact alone should arouse interest as to why.Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man.Sure，we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety，financial problems，loneliness，etc.but that's really about all we know.4It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact，most rate their health as good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by theirhealth behavior when they were younger.1.Paragraph1______.2.Paragraph2______.3.Paragraph3______.4.Paragraph4______.A.New definitions of the old manB.Changing concept of the old manC.Health of the old manD.Happy old man and sad old manE.Limited knowledge of the old man's experiencesF.Contempt for the old man5.Nowadays men generally live longer than______.6.A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as______.7.More research should be done on the experiences of______.8.Most old men consider themselves to be______.A.in good healthB.in the pastC.in the wrongD.the old manE.a middle-aged manF.a young man答案：23.B24.A25.E26.C27.B28.E29.D30.AArchitectureArchitecture is to building as literature is to the printed word.The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use.They then survive not only as beautiful objects，but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.The renaissance brought about an entirely new age，not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture，the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted.They remain dominant until the20th century.Many kinds of stone are used as building materials.Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure.Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture.The use of stone has declined，however，because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use.The complexity of modern life calls for a variety ofbuilding.More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings;they spend their income in large shopping centers，send their children to many different kinds of schools，and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics.All theses different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers.By the middle of the20th century，modern architecture，which was influenced by new technology and mass production，was dealing with increasingly complex social needs.Important characteristics of modern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete.Advances in elevator technology，air conditioning，and electric lighting have all had important effects.EXERCISE：1.Paragraph2_____________.2.Paragraph3_____________.3.Paragraph4_____________.4.Paragraph5_____________.A.Building materialsB.Need of greater building varieties in modern lifeC.Restoration of ancient civilizationsD.Evolution in styleE.factors affecting modern architectureF.A social art5.Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful______.6.Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles，which were restored during renaissance，were still influential_____.7.As modern life becomes more complex，people have to put up many different kinds of buildings_____.8.The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played an important role______.A.to meet their needsB.but also beautiful to look atC.in the development of modern architectureD.to design more buildingsE.even in the20th centuryaF.to outlast their original use参考答案：C A B E B E A CHurricanes1.Did you know that before1950，hurricanes had no names？They were simply given numbers.The first names were simply Alpha，Bravo，Charlie，etc.But in1953，female names were givenbecause of the unpredictability（不可预知的）factor of the storms.In1979，realizing the sexist（性别歧视的）nature of such names，the lists were expanded to include both men and women.2.Hurricanes and typhoons（台风）are the same things.If they form in the Atlantic，we call these strong storms hurricanes，from the West Indian word hurricane，meaning“big wind.”And if they are Pacific storms，they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun，meaning“great wind.”To be classified as a hurricane，the storm must have maximum winds of at least75mph.These storms are big，many hundreds of miles in diameter.3.Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy.All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses（凝结）from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator（赤道）.To make a hurricane，you must have extremely wet，warm air，the kind of air that can only be found in tropical regions.4.Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as95billion kilowatts per hour.In just one day alone，the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entireyear！The problem is that we don't know how to make such great energy work for us.5.Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters.It moves at a typical speed of15mph.But not always.Some storms may race along at twice this speed，then suddenly stop and remain in the same location in the ocean for several days.It can be maddening（发疯的）if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.6.The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites.With these，we can see the storms form and track them fully，from birth to death.While they can still kill people and destroy property，hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.23.Paragraph124.Paragraph225.Paragraph326.Paragraph4A.A Short History of Naming HurricanesB.Harnessing the Hurricane EnergyC.Difficulty in Forecasting the Course of a HurricaneD.Huge Energy Stored in a HurricaneE.Forecasting a Hurricane Through Satellite WatchingF.Different Names for the Same Things27.Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of________.ing weather satellites can ensure________of hurricanes.29.Energy specialists may be interested in________of hurricanes.30.Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to________.A.the timely（及时的）discoveryB.convenienceC.sex equalityD.its connection with humans，E.the huge powerF.its uncertainly答案：23.A24.F25.D26.C27.C28.A29.E30.F。

2015年职称英语考试真题解析理工类第1部分：词汇选择（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有一个词或短语有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The local authorities will take measures to deal with noise pollution in the area.当地政府将采取措施来应对噪音污染。

A.power 有力的，能量B.control 控制C.learning 学习ernment 政府2.Hundreds of cyclists assembled(组装，集合）in Central Park in Pudong this morning to take part in the event. 数百名骑自行车的人聚集在中央公园在浦东今天早上参加活动。

A.appeared （开始）B.walked （走）C.met （聚集，满足）bined （结合）3.In case of emergency, please follow the orders of the ship crew. 在紧急情况下,请听从船员的指令A.post 文章，邮局B.transfer 转移C.confirm 确认D.obey 服从4.The firm（公司）of Bonnin and Morris in Philadelphia was probably the first American Company to manufacture（制造）porcelain.（瓷器）A.silverware 银器B.crystal 水晶C.china 瓷器D.linen 亚麻5.Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990. 早于1990年火药就用于枪支上A.in 在。

里面B.around 在。

概括大意与完成句子 5.7第五篇：LED Lighting发光二极管1An accidental意外的discovery announce d宣布recently has taken LED lighting to a new level, suggest ing显示it could soon offer a cheaper, longer-lasting alternative供选装的to the traditional传统light bulb灯泡. The breakthrough突破adds to增加a growing trend that is likely to eventually最终make Thomas Edison's bright invention1 obsolete.LEDs are already used in traffic lights, flashlights, and architectural lighting. They are flexible灵活and operate less expensively than traditional lighting.日前公布的一项意外发现将发光二极管的研究推向新的高潮。

这项研究显示，发光二极管与传统的电灯泡比起来，可能会更廉价、使用更持久。

这项重大突破使人们看到，未来的趋势很可能是，爱迪生的发明将逐渐失去它的价值。

目前发光二极管已被用于交通信号灯、手电筒和建筑照明，他们跟传统的电灯比起来更灵活，操作成本更低廉。

2Michael Bowers, a graduate student2 at Vanderbilt University, was just trying to make really small quantum dot s点（注释3可分析出）, which are crystals generally普通only a few nanometers微毫米big. Quantum dots contain anywhere from 100 to 1,000 electrons3. They're easily excite d激起bundles束of energy, and the smaller they are, the more excited they get. Each dot in Bowers' particular特别的batch was exceptionally特别的small, containing包含only 33 or 34 pairs of atoms.Vanderbilt大学的一名研究生 Michael Bowers正试图制造出一种非常小的量子点。