大学毕业论文-—浅析英语体育新闻词汇的特点及翻译策略

英语体育新闻的词汇特点1．大量带有娱乐色彩、口语化的词语运用喜爱追捧体育的大多是年轻人，也是体育新闻报刊杂志的购买主力军，为迎合他们的需要，现在的体育新闻报道用词越来越娱乐化、口语化。

晦涩难懂的评论被关注的程度越来越少。

我们以美国ESPN体育报道网站的一则篮球新闻为例：Houston Rockets will take their lumps soon because they have little experience of postseason（休斯顿火箭队将很快被踢出局，因为他们缺乏季后赛的经验）。

此句中，take lumps 是美国口语中失败、遇到困难的意思。

再看一则足球新闻：Manchester United beat Arsenal pants off in the first leg of European Cup（曼联在第一回合欧洲杯的比赛中羞辱阿森那）。

Beat the pants off 是很口语化的一句表达，意思是取得大胜，羞辱对手。

2 大量体育项目专业性词汇的使用英语体育新闻的报道中会出现很多体育词汇，因此它有一定的受众群体，就是体育迷们，他们对于各种项目的体育专业词汇了如指掌。

对于不太了解这个体育项目的人阅读起来就有一定的困难。

以一篇篮球新闻为例：While Nowitzki's ninth season wasn't his highest scoring, it was his most accurate He set career highs in shooting percentage on field goals （50 2）, 3 pointers （41 6）and free throws （90 4）; no other player in the league topped 50, 40 and 90 percent.season原意是季节，而在篮球、排球、足球等项目中表示赛季，即球队在通常一年时间内打比赛的时间总和，career highs 这里是职业生涯最高的意思，是一种统计数据，而shooting percentage （命中率）、field goals （二分球）、3—pointer（三分球）、free throw （罚球）等词汇都带有鲜明的运动色彩。

浅析英语体育新闻词汇的特点及翻译策略本科生毕业论文浅析英语体育新闻词汇的特点及翻译策略院系：外国语学院专业：英语A Brief Analysis of the Features and Translation of English Sports NewsVocabulary摘要体育是社会文明的标志。

2008年北京奥运会的举办，大大激起了民众的体育热情，体育新闻报道成为人们了解体育赛事，关注世界体育发展的重要渠道。

英语体育新闻除具有一般新闻的特点外，自身有其独特的语言特色及文体特征。

本文主要通过分析著名的英语体育新闻报纸或杂志来研究其词汇。

英语体育新闻的词汇错综复杂，种类繁多。

本文主要分析了英语体育新闻词汇的四个特征,即体育专业术语、缩略语、修辞和俚语的使用。

然而,不同种类的词汇其翻译方法也各有不同，本文根据“功能对等”理论，简要介绍了两种翻译方法：直译，即按照词汇的字面意思直接翻译,这种方法主要适用于体育专业术语、缩略语以及部分使用修辞的词汇的翻译；意译，即将词汇的隐含意义翻译出来，不拘泥于其表面形式,大多数修辞性词汇，如:隐喻、转喻的词汇,以及俚语的翻译应使用意译。

本文旨在通过浅析英语体育新闻的词汇特点及其翻译方法，使读者对英语体育新闻有更深的认识，减少阅读中的障碍，准确理解新闻所要传递的信息，进而促进不同国家民族之间体育信息的交流与发展。

关键词：英语体育新闻；词汇特点；直译；意译IAbstractSport is the sign of social civilization. The hosting of the famous 2008 Beijing Olympic Games has greatly aroused people's enthusiasm to sports. Sports news becomes an important way for people to understand the sports events and pay more attention to the development of world sports. In addition to the general features of news, English sports news has its own unique language characteristics and stylistic features.The thesis mainly studies the words by taking famous newspapers and magazines as examples. The vocabulary in English sports news is quite complex and full of various types. The thesis analyses its four lexical features: sports terminology, abbreviations, rhetoric and slang. However, different types of words have their own translation methods . In the thesis, the author briefly introduces two kinds of translation methods based on the theory ofI“functional e quivalence”: literal translation, namely we can literally translate the vocabulary, so the method is mainly used for the translation of sports terminology, abbreviations and some rhetorical words; free translation, which means we must accurately express the words' implied meaning, but not focus on its forms. Therefore, free translation is frequently applied in the translation of most rhetorical vocabulary that using rhetoric such as metaphor and metonymy, and slang. The thesis briefly analyses the lexical features and its translation methods in English sports news, which aims at making readers have a deeper understanding of English sports news, reducing the barriers in reading, comprehending the sports message that the news intends to convey, and finally promoting the exchange and development of sports events among different nations.Key words: English Sports News; LexicalIFeatures; Literal Translation; Free TranslationTable of Contents Acknowledgements (I)摘要 (II)Abstract (III)Table of Contents............................................... I V Chapter1 Introduction. (1)1.1 Research Background (1)1.2 Aim and Significance of Research (1)1.3 Organization of the Thesis (2)Chapter2 Literature Review (3)2.1 English Sports News (3)2.1.1 The Definition of News (3)2.1.2 The Introduction of EnglishSports News (4)I2.2 The Theory of “FunctionalEquivalence” (4)2.2.1 Definition of “Functiona lEquivalence” (4)2.2.2 Main Contents of “FunctionalEquivalence” (5)2.2.3 The Links between “FunctionalEquivalence” and English SportsNews Vocabulary (5)2.3 Researches at Home and Abroad (6)Chapter3 Lexical Features of English Sports News (8)3.1 Sports Terminology (8)3.2 Abbreviations (9)3.3 Rhetoric (10)3.3.1 Metaphor (10)3.3.2 Metonymy (10)3.4 Slang (11)3.5 Summary (13)Chapter4 Lexical Translation of English SportsINews (14)4.1 Literal Translation (14)4.2 Free Translation (15)Chapter 5 Conclusion (17)5.1 Major Findings (17)5.2 Suggestions for Further Research (18)5.3 Summary (18)Bibliography (19)I本科毕业论文Chapter1 IntroductionThe study of English sports news has a long history, which has expanded from stylistics to linguistics. The thesis focuses on the word level. This chapter is made up of three parts: the research background, the aim and significance of research and the organization of the thesis.1.1 Research BackgroundWith the rapid development of information industry, the widespread cooperation and communication among countries are becoming closer and closer. The world is gradually turning into a global village, in which all kinds of news are provided and shared fast, efficiently and conveniently. As one kind of news, sports news plays an important role in social and cultural life. Sport is the symbol of social civilization. At the same time, it is international, so we need to deliver the latest sports news to meet the demands of fans across the world. OnIthe occasion, more and more English sports news appears on newspapers, magazines, TVs and Internet every day. English sports news is a type of news, having its unique language features and writing styles, therefore, many scholars have studied various aspects of English sports news. However, scholars mainly regard sports news as a whole entity to study its linguistic aspects such as foregrounding and whole features, such as the stylistic features or language characteristics. Few have paid attention to the study of specific details, including the words, tone and so on. Based on previous studies on English sports news, the thesis mainly focuses on the lexical features and its translation.1.2 Aim and Significance of ResearchToday, sport has become an indispensable part of people's life, and the whole world is paying more and more attention to thedevelopment and transmission of sports. Therefore, in the newspaper or magazine, the sports news section occupies a large section. Sports information is interactional all over the world. English is referred to as a universal language, so the best way to know the latest and precise sports news is to read English sports news. As a type of news, English sports news aims to transfer information, so it must be easy to understand. However, English sports news has its unique styles and language features. The thesis selects the vocabulary to study, because it is the basis to understand the news.The thesis specifically analyses the lexical features and translation methods through the examples of famous newspaper and magazine, which aims to help readers learn some professional words and presentation skills, and finally understand the sports news properly.1.3 Organization of the ThesisThe thesis briefly analyses the lexical features and its translation in English sports news. It consists of five chapters.The first chapter is the introduction, indicating the research background and its aim and significance. The second chapter is literature review, including three parts: the meaning of English sports news, including the definition of news and sports news, the introduction of the theory of “functional equivalence” and research at home and abroad, The third chapter is devoted to the lexical features of English sports news, consisting of four features: use of sports terminology, abbreviations, rhetoric and slang. The forth chapter briefly introduces two kinds of translation skills of English sports news vocabulary based on the theory of “functional equivalence”: literal translation and freetranslation. The fifth chapter draws a conclusion, summarizing the major findings of the thesis and making suggestions for future research.Chapter2 Literature ReviewIn this chapter, the author first introduces the meaning of English sports news, including the definition of news, some features of sports news and English sports news. Then the author precisely expresses one theory of translation, “functional e quivalence”. Finally, the author states the previous research on features of English sports news at home and abroad, andsome theories about its translation.2.1 English Sports NewsIn the part, we will introduce what news is, then give a brief definition of sports news and English sports news.2.1.1 The Definition of NewsWe have to admit it is easier to identify the news than make the definition of news. Many definitions have been given to “news”, among which there is a well-known saying: it is not news when a dog bites a man, but absolutely news when you find a man bites a dog. The man-bites-dog definition, though sounds absurd, fully illustrates one of the widely accepted news value, the unusual, bizarre nature of a recently happened event.Different definitions have been given to “news” at different times and in distinct places. In Tang Dynasty (618-906AD), when a handwritten or wood-block-printed gazette waspublished for the emperor and his subordinates, news was things happening to and around the emperor.According to Modern Chinese Dictionary (2002), news is: A: the domestic and foreign information reported from the newspapers or broadcasting stations; B: the latest news events happening in our society. The definition of news from Chinese Words Encyclopedia (Lu Dingyi, 2002) says that: A: current political or social events reported by the newspapers, news agencies, broadcasting stations or TV stations, which calls for the requirements of being speedy, timely, true, succinct and based on facts. It has many forms: information, correspondence, features, survey reports, news photos, television news etc; B: something talked by people which is interesting and novel. The definition accepted in Chinese academic circles as standard is that news is the reporting of recent events.From all the definitions above, we can summarize the definition of news as follow: news is the reporting of recent events which have certain social values and can arouse people's interests widely.2.1.2 The Introduction of English Sports NewsAfter making clear of what news is, we can comprehend the meaning of sports news easily. Sports news is a type of news, transmitting related information about sports games and fitness activities. It also represents a kind of spirit, that is, challenging ourselves, surpassing ourselves, defeating ourselves and finally pursuing perfect. Sports news mainly report competitive sports games, and it focuses on entertainment and leisure. Moreover, sports news is international. Thus, as English is used around the world, English sports news tends to be more and more important.However, English sports news is differentfrom the other kinds of news. It has its own lexical features and stylistics features, and the thesis will analyze its lexical features in chapter 3.2.2 The Theory of “Functional Equivalence”In 1964, Nida put forward the concept of “dynamic equiv a lence”in his book Toward a Science of Translation. Later at the end of 1980, he rendered his “dynamic equiv ale nce”into “functional equivalence”and interpreted that the meaning of these two concepts are just the same. However, he prefers the concept of “functional equivalence” for the convenience of describing the degrees of adequacy of a translation.2.2.1 Definition of “Functional Equivalence”Functional equivalence implies different degrees of adequacy from minimal to maximal effectiveness. A minimal realistic definition and a maximal ideal definition could be statedrespectively as follow:“The readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original readers of the text must have understood and appreciated it.”“The readers of a translated text sho uld be able to understand and appreciate it in essentially the same manner as the original readers did.” (Nida, 1998: 118)2.2.2 Main Contents of “Functional Equivalence”In his book Language, Culture, and Translating,Nida has distinguished degrees of his “functional equivalence” from the aspects of cognitive and experiential factors, namely, the minimal, realistic “functional equivalence” and the maximal, ideal “functional equivalence”that we have discussed above. Nida stresses that anything less than that minimal degree of equivalence should be unacceptable, while that“maximal level of equivalence is rarely, it never achieved except for texts have little or no aesthetic value and involving only routine information” (ibid.).“Functional equivalence”is the soul of Nida's overall theory of “principle of equivalence.”From early 1960s to 1990s, Nida didn't stop studying and perfecting his theory and tried to make it more scientific and useful. The improvement lies in two aspects: first, the degree of functional equivalence has been clearly divided into two scales, which makes the principle more practicable; secondly, Nida's minimal, realistic definition of “functional equivalence”is more definite, concrete and understandable.According to Nida's theory, the fundamental principle of translation is equivalence. In order to have a better understanding of Nida's “functional equivalence”, one must bear hisfollowing words in mind. “In general it is best to speak of ‘functional equivalence’ in terms of a range of adequacy, since no translation is ever completely equivalent. A number of different translations can in fact represent varying degrees of equivalence. The means that ‘equivalence’ cannot be understood in its mathematical meaning of identity, but only in terms of proximity, i.e. on the basis of degrees of closeness to functional identity”(Nida,1993:117).2.2.3 The Links between “Functional Equivalence”and English Sports News VocabularyEnglish sports news has its own unique language style, stylistic features and special vocabulary, which may be different from the receptor language, so we cannot just translate literally without considering its influence and the culture of target language. The function of sports news is to deliver latest sportsinformation to readers, so its aim is to make sure the readers grasp the implied meaning of the information. When translating, we need not to pursue the complete equivalence of the forms, what we should focus on is its implied message or its function to the readers. That is just what the theory of “functional equivalence”advocates.English sports news vocabulary is the main part of the whole piece of news, only if we interpret the vocabulary accurately can we ensure the achievement of the news’function. Because of the features of English sports news vocabulary, it is necessary to apply the theory of “functional equivalence” to its translation.2.3 Researches at Home and AbroadNowadays, with the development of sports and the increased link among countries, more and more people pay attention to sports. Various kinds of mass media as newspapers,magazine, and TVs constantly introduce the development of world sports to people. On the occasion, English sports news appears, which is a bridge linking the world sports and culture. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and comprehend the language features and translation skills of English sports news, which has the significant meaning to the development of sports in our country and the cross-culture communication with the world.For the lexical features of English sports news, there are various sayings according to different measures. The study of lexical features of English sports news is a hot topic for scholars. Many researchers have analyzed its lexical features by investigating the language phenomenon in English sports news. Bruce Garrison(2002) gave a detailed introduction of the sports news vocabulary, and pointed out the problems in translation. Xiong Wei (2008)concluded the lexical features from the aspect of application and mainly mentioned six features. Fu Rong (2009) studied the lexical features from lexicology aspect, and Wang Lili (2008) studied the topic from the aspect of linguistics.As for the lexical translation of English Sports News, there are many kinds of translation strategies, while the author prefers to the common ones: literal translation and free translation. Ma Junting (2007)insisted that equivalence theory should be used in the translation of sports news. In the thesis, the author adopted the two translation skills based on Nida’s theory of “functional equivalence”.Chapter3 Lexical Features of English Sports NewsThis chapter will specifically introduce four lexical features of English sports news, including the use of sports terminology,abbreviations, rhetoric and slang.3.1 Sports TerminologySport is a comprehensive science involving many aspects of knowledge. In the process of absorbing other subjects, it has formed some unique features, including the appearance of sports terminology. In Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (2005:70), terminology is defined as “the special lexical items which occur in a particular discipline or subject matter”. Sports terminology is only used in sports field, because they have their own audience group. If one cannot understand the specialty of those terminologies in sports news , it will be hard to understand the related reports and information.Let's take “场地” as an example, there are different expressions in different kinds of sports events, court(网球场), ring(溜冰场), pitch(棒球场), arena(乒乓球场), rink(冰球场), track(竞赛场), golf links(高尔夫球场), football field(足球场). Another example is the expression of“教练”. Look at the following news:(1)Next up for the Americans will be selecting a captain for the next Ryder Cup at the Valhallacourse in Louisville, Kentuchk in 2008. Whoever gets it will go up against six－times majors winner Nick Faldo who has already been named as Europe's next skipper. (China Daily, September 26, 2006)Here, there are several meanings about the words “captain”and “skipper”in the dictionary. In order to determine the exact meaning, we should pay attention to the context. The piece of news talks about the topic that the person who is selected to be next leader of American team will go up against the leader of European team. Therefore, the words “captain”and “skipper”both mean“队长”. The kind of words has been collected in the professionalsports dictionary.However, there are still a large amount of common words, which can be deduced professional meanings in sports events. For instance, close-marking defense (盯人防守), slide tackle(铲球), fare charge(合理冲撞), lock tackle(正面抢截), place kick(定位球).3.2 AbbreviationsAbbreviation (from Latin brevis, meaning short) is a shortened form of a word or phrase. Usually, but not always, it consists of a letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase. For example, Mass. is short for Massachusetts (马塞诸塞州); USMC is short for United States Marine Corps（美国海军陆战队）. Abbreviations are justified to be wide-spread in English news because simplification is the universal trend in news writing. The application of abbreviations in English sports news can save time with higher speed of speaking and writing, what'smore, it save the space of newspaper or magazine.The main device of abbreviations commonly used in news style is clipping. Clipping is a method of shortening or cutting off some parts of a word to form a simpler word without changing its meaning (George,Y, 2000). According to Zhang Jian (1994), there are five types of clipping listed as follows:ⅰFront clipping: the shortening occurs at the beginning of the word, like bus from omnibus.ⅱBack clipping: the shortening occurs at the end of the word like photo from photograph.ⅲFront and back clipping: the shortening occurs at both ends of the word, such as flu from influenza.ⅳMiddle clipping: the shortening occurs at the middle of the word, for example, motelfrom motor hotel.ⅴFree clipping: the shortening is not strictly in line with a certain rule, such as bike from bicycle.For English sports news, most abbreviations are mainly short terms of sports associations or organizations, formed by selecting the fist letters of each main words, for example, NBA （National Basketball Association全美篮球协会), CUBA(Chinese University Basketball Association中国大学生篮球联赛), IOC(the International Olympic Committee国际奥委会), FIFA(Federation International Football Association 国际足联), CTA(Chinese Tennis Association 中国羽毛球协会); and short forms of professional sports terms, formed by taking off its tail letters , for instance，GY(gymnastics 体操), AT( Athletics 田径)，WR(Wrestling摔跤), VB(Volleyball 排球).3.3 RhetoricRhetoric refers to the art of speaking or writing so as to persuade people effectively. Sports news mainly reports the sports events and the changes in the sports area, so in order to show the fierce competition of players or the reporter's individual mood, the use of rhetoric is necessary. The use of rhetoric can make the news more vivid and effective. Here, we mainly introduce two rhetorical methods: metaphor and metonymy.3.3.1 MetaphorMetaphor is a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity. Just as Shu Dingfang said “as long as in a certain context, a kind of things is used to express another different kind of things, then they form a metaphor”. In English sports news,metaphor is usually related to the information of national culture, because language is the carrier of culture. The use of metaphor makes the news more lively and succinct. Let’s take a piece of VOA news as an example.(2)He sacrifices a lot; plays physical, and tough inside, and he's been an excellent third down receive. He brings some fire to the game. (Sep. 05, 2007).“Fire”literally means“火”. With fire, there must be light and heat and we can also have feelings of exuberant vitality. In the occasion, fire refers to the energy the player brings to the game.3.3.2 MetonymyMetonymy refers to the substitution of the name of an attribute or feature for the name of the thing itself. In metonymy, a replacement can be the attribute of the replaced thing or closelyrelated to the replaced one. Sometimes, we use a part of a thing to mean the whole one in metonymy. Generally, names of sports organizations or teams are very long, for economic reasons, sports news English often uses people's name or pet name instead. For instance, we choose “Rockets” to represent the team Huston Rockets, because NASA control center is located in Houston. Michael Jordan has led Chicago Bulls gain the NBA championships for six times, so his name is replaced by “flying man (飞人).”Sometimes, a unique feature of one place is used to represent the place. Look at the following example:(3)The samba star, billed as the next big thing to come out of samba football, is an established star back in Brazil. (China Daily, February 14, 2005) Here, samba(桑巴舞)substitutes Brazil orBrazil football, because samba is a kind of Brazil social dance originating from Africa, which is very popular in Brazil and has impressive national connotation. For the reason, samba has some attached links with Brazil, so it can be the replacement of Brazil.3.4 SlangSlang refers to informal language which consists of words and expressions that are not considered appropriate for formal occasions. Most sports enthusiasts are young people, and they are the main groups purchasing sports newspapers and magazines. In order to meet their needs, the sports news vocabulary tends to be more and more entertaining and colloquial. Since the mid 1960s, more and more slang or colloquial words have appeared in English sports news.With the increasing popularity of sportsnews in mass media, the news must link with the readers' living pace and reading ability. More and more slang is used in sports news to choose the slang's implied meaning in sports context. The following chart lists some frequently used sports slang.Let’s take several pieces of news as examples: (4)Manchester United beat Arsenal pants off in the first leg of European Cup.(China Daily, February 20, 2007)In the sentence, “beat the pants off”is a colloquial and humorous expression, literally meaning “drag somebody’s pants off”, while in the context, it means “win and shame the opponent”.(5)Houston Rockets will take their lumps soon because they have little experience of postseason. (China Daily, April 100, 2007)Here “take lumps” is an American slang. It means “fail or be faced with difficulties”.(6)Congratulations, Sammy. You just bought yourself a benchwarmer seat to the apocalypse. (21st Century ,May 17, 2009)In the sentence, “benchwarmer”is slang, literally means “the person who always sits on the bench”, but we use its implied meaning “the substituting players in games” in sports context.3.5 SummaryVocabulary is the most important part in comprehending English sports news, because there are many sports terminology and other types of vocabulary, The chapter mainly introduces four lexical features of English sports news by analyzing many pieces of sports news, that is, sports terminology, abbreviations, rhetoric and slang.Chapter4 Lexical Translation of English Sports NewsAccording to what we have analyzed in the previous chapter, there are various types of vocabulary in English sports news, so it is hard to give a specific and fixed translation method. Generally, according to Nida's theory of “functional equiv alenc e”, the author introducestwo translation methods which are commonly used: literal translation and free translation.4.1 Literal TranslationAlthough different nations have different cultures and customs, humankind as a whole, has shared non-cultural knowledge, that is, different nations have something shared which is not learned from each other but based on human's similar cognition process. As for the vocabulary in English sports news, the sports terminology and the names or the abbreviations related to sports should be translated literally. Look at the following examples:(7) Violence broke out as angry fans invaded the pitch when the referee awarded a penalty to the other side. (Washington Post, November29, 2006)看到裁判判对方罚球时，怒气冲冲的球迷冲进比赛场地，于是就引发了一场暴力冲突。

最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作Elements of Chinese Culture in Wallace Stevens’ Poems从《画皮》及《暮色》比较分析中西人鬼文化The Symbolic Meaning of Setting and Characters in Howards End浅谈商务谈判语言的特点Cultural Differences on West-Eastern Business Negotiations商务合同英语的语言特征论基督教教义对美国人慈善观的影响追求女性自我意识的孤独灵魂——评《觉醒》中的爱德娜由个性反映出爱—《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观现代爱情的另类表述—解读《暮光之城》主人公爱德华和贝拉的爱情中美面子观比较及其对商务谈判策略的启示The Cultivation of English Teachers on the Basis of Multiple Intelligences Theory不同的阅读任务对高中生英语词汇附带习得的影响中国和新加坡的双语教育差异比较分析《天使，望故乡》的精神主题A Study on the Effective Ways to Improve Memory Efficiency in Consecutive Interpreting The Gothic Beauty and Spiritual Essence of Allan Poe’s Short StoriesA Southern Elegy—a Feminist Study on Faulkner’s A Rose for EmilyPragmatic Study on the Humor Effect in The Big Bang Theory论夏绿蒂勃朗特与简爱在意识形态上的相似之处《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的女性主义形象分析家庭教育对保罗的影响：品读《儿子与情人》A Discussion on the Accuracy of Language in Diplomatic Translation英语新闻标题的前景化论《劝导》中女性角色的地位“白+动词”的语义及其英译从动态对等角度分析中国旅游景点名称英译——以中国庐山网为例分析《嘉莉妹妹》中赫斯渥的人物形象以学生为中心的英语词汇教学的研究文化语境与语言交际能力的培养国际商务谈判技巧与策略初探论希斯克利夫出走的必然性The Otherization of China in The Woman Warrior“适者生存”——从社会达尔文主义看《热爱生命》姓名—透视社会文化的窗口主位推进模式在语篇翻译中的应用探析《夜访吸血鬼》中的孤独论《傲慢与偏见》中简奥斯丁的女性主义中西方餐桌礼仪文化对比论交际法在中学英语语法教学中的应用对比哈利•波特与蜘蛛侠浅析英美英雄文化差异德伯家的苔丝中人类的欲望——悲剧的根源中外酒文化差异分析浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中的苔丝悲剧的成因The Translation of Puns大学英语教学中积极情感的激发Scarlett’s Pragmatism in Gone with the WindTranscendentalism in Thoreau's Walden浅谈中美饮食文化差异视觉文化在英语词汇学习中的应用从顺应理论的角度对广告翻译的分析二语习得理论及其对小学英语教学的影响《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克与《失乐园》中的撒旦的反叛者形象比较E-learning的理论与实践浅析高中英语阅读教学中教师的角色用功能对等原则分析广告标语的英汉互译从《蝴蝶夫人》到《蝴蝶君》的蜕变霍尔顿形象解读分析年龄因素对英语学习的影响论苔丝悲剧的成因《愤怒的葡萄》中的圣经原型跨文化交际中的移情及其能力的培养对《看得见风景的房间》的象征主义解读《红色英勇勋章》主人公亨利•弗莱明心路历程探析Culture Teaching in College English Listening Classrooms通过巴丝谢芭看哈代的宿命论从电视相亲节目看当代中美女性婚恋观差异On the Fighting Spirit of Buck in The Call of The Wild《彼得•潘》中的“成长”主题论《宠儿》中的象征意象论斯嘉丽对南方的背叛《荒原》中的死亡与重生《红字》中的象征主义外教在英语口语教学中的作用经典英文电影台词的文体分析对《呼啸山庄》中希斯克里夫性格转变的分析The Importance of the Application of Kinesics in English Classes in Primary School 浅析《远大前程》中皮普的个人抱负与自我完善《希腊古瓮颂》中的艺术和永恒之美中国皮钦语的产生和发展不同英汉颜色词的象征意义及其翻译英语与汉语中禁忌语的比较矛盾与挣扎的悲剧——浅析《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》中的主人公艾米丽中西酒文化比较《红字》中的基督教因素初探不一样的颤栗—东西方恐怖片的比较从《七个尖角阁的房子》看霍桑的罪恶观目的论指导下的广告意译英汉禁忌语的文化内涵比较基于多媒体网络技术下的英语教学论“美国梦”对美国文学的影响哈里的迷惘与自我救赎——《乞力马扎罗的雪》的哲学解读从《绝望主妇》各主角看美国家庭问题生态视角下《红楼梦》中动植物名称的翻译浅析英语歧义句的成因及消除从关联理论看《博物馆奇妙夜》的字幕翻译从交际翻译视角看企业简介的汉英翻译跨文化交际中的体态语论凯瑟琳曼斯菲尔德短篇小说中的爱情观是受害者还是恶棍——重新解读夏洛克A Comparative Study of American and Chinese Spatial Language in Business Negotiation 美国梦的文化观察浅析张培基的散文翻译风格从功能主义翻译理论看商业广告的英汉翻译The Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter《黑暗之心》的人性探究《名利场》中蓓基人物形象分析中英广告中的双关语探析Biblical Ideas on Women and Sex男权社会女性意识的觉醒——弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫女性主义文学研究论《都柏林人》中的情感瘫痪Mirror Image Relationship Between General Liguang and Patton《月下独酌》两种英文译本之对比研究《查泰莱夫人的情人》中女性性意识的觉醒分析普通话对英语语音的迁移作用从简爱和安娜卡列尼娜的不同命运看女性意识的觉醒Positive Transfer of Chinese Reading Strategies in English Reading ComprehensionThe Application of Cooperative Learning in Senior High School English Writing Class我国中小学英语语音教学现存的问题与对策从《实习医生格蕾》浅析美剧所反映的文化背景和趋势浅析英语原版影视欣赏和英语学习英语成语跨文化翻译策略父权制社会的傀儡—从安吉尔看父权主义思想用隐喻理论分析英汉商标的语言特色论英语小说中俚语的汉译论凯特肖班《觉醒》中的超验思想商务谈判着装礼仪禁忌《纯真年代》女性意识探析简•奥斯丁的婚姻观在《傲慢与偏见》中的体现英汉“骨”与“血”的隐喻研究A Probe into Three Phases for Effective Business Negotiations浅谈“白色”在英汉语言中的文化差异及其翻译策略中西酒文化的差异对比《了不起的盖茨比》中乔丹•贝克的人物分析对黑人妇女在民权运动期间争取教育权的背景分析弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《海浪》的叙事技巧分析Coherence in English-Chinese Translation: A Pragmatic Study中英文商标翻译的问题及其解决方法基于概念隐喻的英语习语研究伊恩•麦克尤恩作品《赎罪》中的成长主题探析英语禁忌语的语用研究浅谈商务英语信函写作Lin Yutang and his Translation of the Analects试析《远大前程》中匹普性格发展与社会环境的关系新闻英语文体分析东西方文化中团队意识的差别《红字》中丁梅斯代尔的灵魂救赎从《红字》看霍桑的政治观对《大地》中女性人物的生态女性主义解读解读托尼•莫瑞森《最蓝的眼睛》中的成长主题Domestication and Foreignization in Idioms Translation浅析《呼啸山庄》女主人公凯瑟琳的悲剧命运论被动句的翻译浅谈《到灯塔去》的女性意识孤独的逃离者——《麦田的守望者》主角霍尔顿的反英雄形象分析从美国妇女社会地位的提升看英语歧视性词汇的变化On Transcendentalism in Thoreau’s Walden杰克伦敦《野性的呼唤》中人生哲学的主题分析从自然主义视角分析《嘉莉妹妹》浅谈高中英语教师课堂提问与课堂互动论科技英语翻译中美学原则的运用《鲁宾逊漂流记》与《桃花源记》中乌托邦思想之比较浅析《等待戈多》“反戏剧”的艺术特色交互式教学法在中学英语课堂口语教学中的应用浅析小学汉英双语教学从许渊冲“三美论”评析《声声慢》三个译本Comment on American Film-Television Culture Invasion英文电影名称汉译原则和方法的研究中英酒俗对比企业行为管理的共同价值观浅析浅析文化差异对国际贸易的影响《雾都孤儿》中的浪漫主义与现实主义有效的英语新闻结构分析浅析英语演说中对照与其他修辞格的混合应用从文化角度看天津“五大道”景点翻译《哈利波特》中的励志精神An Analysis of Oscar Wilde’s Subversion of Traditional Fairy Tales音意兼译—外来词中译之首选法商务合同中的语篇衔接分析英语专业听力课程教学效率的调查与分析英语委婉语成因及其在政治方面的应用论《老友记》幽默字幕翻译从传统节日庆祝方式的角度比较中英文化差异中英动物习语的跨文化分析An Analysis of the Different Meanings of Color Words between Western and Eastern Cultures A Feminist Perspective to Pygmalion从意象的角度看劳伦斯短篇小说中女性的婚姻爱情观论中美日常交际的文化差异英语环境公示语翻译中的问题以及解决方法新闻英语中的委婉语及其翻译策略从叶芝的诗歌看象征主义的发展肢体语言在英语教学中的应用英语体育新闻中模糊语言的词汇特点及其翻译对策《了不起的盖茨比》中色彩的象征意义反复在格特鲁德•斯泰因的作品《三个女人》中的运用Effects of Chinese Culture on Promotion of Automobiles－－Traditional Cultural Elements 论《隐形人》中的象征主义海明威的死亡哲学——海明威作品解读商务交际中you-attitude的语用功能探讨。

英语体育新闻词汇、语气、句型特色一、英语体育新闻的词汇特色1．大量带有娱乐色彩、口语化的词语运用喜爱追捧体育的大多是年轻人，也是体育新闻报刊杂志的购买主力军，为迎合他们的需要，现在的体育新闻报道用词越来越娱乐化、口语化。

晦涩难懂的评论被关注的程度越来越少。

我们以美国ESPN体育报道网站的一则篮球新闻为例：Houston Rockets will take th eir lumps soon because they have little experience of postseason（休斯顿火箭队将很快被踢出局，因为他们缺乏季后赛的经验）。

此句中，take lumps 是美国口语中失败、遇到困难的意思。

再看一则足球新闻：Manchester United beat Arsenal pants off in the fi rst leg of European Cup（曼联在第一回合欧洲杯的比赛中羞辱阿森那）。

Beat the pan ts off 是很口语化的一句表达，意思是取得大胜，羞辱对手。

2 大量体育项目专业性词汇的使用英语体育新闻的报道中会出现很多体育词汇，因此它有一定的受众群体，就是体育迷们，他们对于各种项目的体育专业词汇了如指掌。

对于不太了解这个体育项目的人阅读起来就有一定的困难。

以一篇篮球新闻为例：While Nowitzki's ninth season wasn't his highest sc oring, it was his most accurate He set career highs in shooting percentage on field goals （50 2）, 3 pointers （41 6）and free throws （90 4）; no other player in t he league topped 50, 40 and 90 percent.season原意是季节，而在篮球、排球、足球等项目中表示赛季，即球队在通常一年时间内打比赛的时间总和，career highs 这里是职业生涯最高的意思，是一种统计数据，而shooting percentage （命中率）、field goals （二分球）、3—pointer（三分球）、free throw（罚球）等词汇都带有鲜明的运动色彩。

体育新闻英语翻译探究体育新闻英语翻译是一项不容忽视的重要工作，它涉及到新闻报道的准确性和时效性。

体育新闻的翻译同其他类型的新闻翻译有些不同，因为它涉及到专有名词、术语以及各国体育项目的差异。

本文将探究体育新闻英语翻译的一些技巧和难点，并提供一些实践经验。

体育新闻英语翻译的难点主要有以下几个方面：1. 专有名词和术语：体育新闻涉及到大量的专有名词和术语，例如运动员的名字、球队的名称、比赛项目的术语等。

这些名词和术语在不同的语言中可能存在差异，翻译时需要准确理解其含义并找到合适的对应词汇。

在翻译过程中，可以参考相关的体育辞典和专业译本，以确保翻译的准确性。

2. 文化背景的差异：体育新闻涉及到各国不同的体育项目和比赛，每个国家对于体育的重视程度和认识可能有所不同。

在翻译体育新闻时，需要考虑到不同的文化背景，确保翻译的内容符合目标语言读者的理解。

3. 比赛结果的实时性要求：体育新闻通常是及时报道比赛结果和赛事进程的，因此翻译要求在最短的时间内完成，确保新闻的时效性。

在处理这类新闻时，翻译者需要迅速反应并熟悉相关的体育赛事规则和术语，以便准确地翻译比赛结果和相关情况。

在进行体育新闻英语翻译时，可以采取以下几种方法和技巧：1. 提前准备：提前了解体育新闻所涉及到的专有名词和术语，并积累相关的词汇和表达方式。

可以通过阅读体育新闻报道、观看体育赛事等方式来了解最新的术语和使用情况。

2. 联系专业人士：在翻译过程中，如有需要，可以联系专业的体育人士或相关机构，以了解特定的术语和背景知识。

这样可以确保翻译的准确性和专业性。

3. 敏锐的观察力：体育新闻有时会出现比较特殊和独特的状况，例如运动员的突发事件、赛事中的争议等。

在翻译这些新闻时，需要保持敏锐的观察力，准确理解新闻内容并传达给读者。

4. 注意时效性：体育新闻通常需要在最短的时间内完成翻译，因此需要注意时效性。

可以采取合理的时间管理和分配，以确保新闻及时发布。

体育新闻英语翻译是一项需要技巧和专业知识的工作。

体育新闻英语标题词汇及语法特色浅析作者：唐建军来源：《新闻世界》2011年第10期【摘要】本文以当今国内外英文主流媒体的体育新闻报道为例，从词汇和语法两个方面，简要分析了体育新闻英语标题的主要特征，从而为体育新闻英语的阅读、翻译、写作等技能的培养和提高提供有效帮助。

【关键词】英语新闻标题词汇语法体育新闻英语标题在词汇及语法方面，与中文标题有很大的不同。

熟悉并掌握这些特点，对于英语体育新闻的阅读、翻译、写作等技能的培养和提高，都将有一定的帮助。

一、体育新闻英语标题词汇特色1、国家与球队名称的频繁出现体育赛事双方往往代表两个国家或职业球会、俱乐部，它们的名称往往作为一个重要的新闻要素出现在标题中，因此从事体育新闻报道，熟悉欧洲五大足球职业联赛包括英超、意甲、德甲、西甲、法甲等各支球队的英文名称，还有美国NBA各支球队的英文名称，无疑是记者的一门必修课。

例如：1）Germany knock out Norway to reach final （德国战胜挪威进入决赛）2）Germany beat Brazil to defend World Cup（德国战胜巴西卫冕世界杯）2、对数字的大量使用，形成了新闻标题数字化特色体育赛事新闻报道中，交战双方的比分是读者最为关心的信息，因此数字作为一个重要的新闻要素往往在新闻标题中凸现出来。

例如：1）Brazil rout US 4-0, make final（巴西4-0完胜美国挺进决赛）2）Bulls top Pistons 108-92 to force Game 6（公牛队以108-92战胜活塞队，使比赛拖入第6场）3、大量使用缩略词体育新闻英语标题中出现的缩略词，主要是一些体育赛事和组织机构名称，常见的有：ATP= Association of Tennis Professional（国际男子职业网球协会）、WTA=Wo-men Tennis Association（国际女子职业网球协会）、FIFA= Federation of International Football Association （国际足球联合会，即国际足联）、IOC=International Olympic Co-mmittee （国际奥委会）、NFL=National Fo-otball League（美式橄榄球职业联赛）、NHL=National Hockey League （美国的全国冰球联赛）、MLB=Major League Baseball （美国职业棒球大联盟）) 、ITU=Internati-onal Triathlon Union （国际铁人三项联合会）、IAAF=International Association of Athletics Federation （国际田联）、IBF=International Badminton Federation （国际羽联）、ITTF= the International Table Tennis Federation （国际乒联）1）ATP to probe Murray corruption claims（国际男子职业网球协会将调查穆雷关于腐败的声明）2）IOC condemns murder of Iraqi athletes （国际奥委会谴责谋杀伊拉克运动员行为）4、适当使用一些常用的节缩词在体育新闻标题中，特别是关于体育赛事的新闻标题中，比赛球队的名称和球星的名字会频繁出现。

体育英语的特点与翻译策略【Abstract】Sports English combines everyday language and sports jargon， which has itself particular characteristics.With the development of China’s sports undertakings and international sports communications frequently， the high quality translation of sports English is becoming an important task.This article begins from the characteristics of sports English， and elaborates the problems in sports English translation.It also discusses on the translation strategies of sports English from literal translation and free translation.?S着时代的发展，世界各国间的体育交流日益频繁，英语作为国际交流与沟通的通用语言，体育英语的翻译已逐渐受到社会各界的重视，它与普通的英语翻译既有共性，也有其独特性。

为提高体育英语翻译的准确性与科学性，还需进一步探究其特点和翻译策略。

一、体育英语的特点1. 体育英语的用词特点。

体育的技术性使体育英语在用词方面具有专业性。

“他游泳的成绩是60 秒”。

如果翻译成His swimming result is 60 seconds 是错误的。

在游泳比赛中通常用clock 表达成绩，既可用作名词，又可用作动词。

What time does she clock？She clocked 60 seconds. 我们在日常用语中不会出现clock 这种用法。

探究英语体育新闻的词汇特点摘要：体育是人类社会文化生活不可缺少的组成部分,体育活动和体育比赛已成为日常生活中人们关心的主要话题之一。

作为大众了解体育的重要信息来源,体育新闻在新闻报道中的地位也是举足轻重。

体育新闻除具有一般新闻的特点外,自身还有着鲜明的语言特色，如大量使用专业术语、缩略词、结构简洁、幽默夸张等。

本文围绕体育报道的用词特点,借助实例加以分析、总结,以期帮助读者了解西方英语体育新闻的写作特点,并感受其背后的文化精神与魅力。

关键词：英语体育新闻词汇特点构成1 引言2008年北京奥运会的成功举办使体育运动的观念更加深入人心。

通过各种网络、电视、报刊、杂志等大众媒介了解世界体育是大多数体育爱好者的首选。

收看和阅读英语体育新闻可以我们非常直接的了解体育赛事、从全新的角度品味一些体育事件，进而得出更全面、客观的结论。

体育记者们都会熟练掌握运用体育英语——这种专业性很强的语言即时进行全球体育赛事的报道。

英语体育新闻中的词汇与其他专业词汇一样,有自身的发展规律、构成及运用特点。

下面笔者就从构词和使用两个方面，着重分析体育英语词汇的特点。

2 体育英语词汇的构成特点2.1缩写词的运用为了简洁、明了、便于记忆和表达起见，英语中使用了大量的缩写词，体育英语也不例外。

缩写词有几种情况，体育英语用得较多的一种是由词组中每一个单词的首字母组合而成的新词，这类词多用来表示体育协会或组织的名称。

如：IOC表示the International Olympic Committee(国际奥委会) UEFA表示Union of European Football Association(欧洲足联)等。

另一种用得较多的缩写词是将单词的前两个字母或者合成词中每个单词的首字母组合而成的词，这类词常用来表示比赛项目。

如：AT表示Athletics(田径)，GY表示Gymnastics(体操))等。

2.2组合词的运用组合词是指由两个或两个以上的词组合在一起构成的词或词组，这类构词成份一般是英语基本词汇，它不受词类的限制，组合自由而灵活。

字母组合起来，多用于表示体育组织名称近年来，随着我国体育经济和体育产或赛事名称。

例如：NBA表示National业的飞速发展，体育英语得到越来越多人Basketball Association（美国职业联赛篮球的关注。

体育英语作为专业性英语，融合联赛）；CBA表示China Basketball Association了体育日常用语和体育专业术语，具有一（中国男子篮球职业联赛）；FIFA表示Fé定的特殊性。

因此，本文从词汇和句法两dération Internationale de Football个方面，探究了体育英语的特点，并根据Association（国际足联）；FINA表示Fé英汉思维差异研究体育英语的词汇和句法dération Internationale de Natation（国际泳的翻译策略。

体育英语词汇和句法的翻译策略◇内江师范学院外国语学院 陈红锦 阚 琪联）；IBF表示International BadmintonFederation（国际羽联）。

自2008年奥运会成功在北京举办以（3）大量使用专业术语。

来，各类国际体育赛事相继在中国举行，由于各类体育项目有不同的特色和比这极大地促进了我国体育产业的发展。

人赛规则，体育英语最大的特色就是大量专们通过媒体的转播和报道来了解国外体育业词汇的运用。

在体育英语中，真正会导赛事。

为了使人们更准确地获取相关体育致信息传递失败的往往是那些一眼看上去赛事新闻，对体育英语翻译的要求越来越熟悉但却有着不同内涵或者不同文化背景高。

因此，我们需进一步探究其词汇与句来历的表达，而这类专业术语在其对应的法的翻译策略，不断提高体育英语翻译的[2]体育项目中被大量使用。

例如足球中的质量，从而让中国能更加全面地了解世界“越位”作为足球比赛的特殊存在的规则体育，更好地实现体育国际交流。

被译为“offside”。

再如足球中的“射门”1 什么是体育英语通常用“shoot”表示，而篮球中的 “投篮杜思民老师在《体育英语翻译教程》得分”又译为“goal”。