2019精品基于结构的药物分子设计英语
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2020年34期设计创新科技创新与应用Technology Innovation and Application基于药效团模型的药物设计与筛选*刘景陶(河套学院,内蒙古河套015000)1计算机辅助药物设计方法学随着计算机技术与药物设计学科的融合,利用计算机的模拟技术和图形技术进行药物分子筛选成为一门崭新的学科。
计算机辅助药物设计通过对配体和受体间相互作用的原理的研究。
是基于各种分子模拟技术及各种数理统计方法,在缺乏受体结构的情况下,可以进行基于配体小分子的虚拟筛选。
即间接法,从一系列分子中寻找出受体活性位点,再以此设计新的配体。
现代药物研发工作中,基于结构的分子设计已成为临床前药物开发有效策略的标志。
随着对蛋白结构和功能的认识越来越深入,以及基因组学推进了基于结构设计新药的进步,并为该策略应用于新疗法的药物开发提供了巨大的保障。
人类基因组测序结果表明有20000~25000个人类蛋白编码基因,每个基因可以为一种蛋白质编码,这些蛋白负责实现人体内所有的细胞功能。
同时这些蛋白也可以参与病理过程。
为了充分利用新靶点和结构信息,需要深入了解酶的功能、理解分子设计的基本原理、并明确基于结构设计药物活性分子时可能面临的障碍,因而为基于结构的新药设计和新药研发提供独特的机会和挑战。
基于结构设计的方法彻底改变了药物化学实践过程和临床前药物研发过程。
2通过间接法进行药物设计相似的化学结构可能产生相似的生物活性,这就是配体相似性原则,在配体相似性原则指导下,将化学结构相似的一对生物靶标的活性作系统的相关性分析,采用“全局”或“局部”的分子观点,揭示并预测化学结构与药理活性的关系。
化学结构决定着药理作用和成药性,杂泛性关系到药效、药代和安全性等内容,利用靶标的三维结构或根据药物分子的结构的相似性或药效团总结出的规律或模型,可对药物分子的杂泛性进行预测。
基于结构的设计,在许多首创药物发现和开发中的成功应用,产生了药物发现和开发中的新概念和新工具。
基于结构的药物设计流程下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成,希望大家下载以后,能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改,请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用,谢谢!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. l hope that after you downloadthem,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified afterdownloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!基于结构的药物设计流程简要概括如下:①靶标识别:确定疾病相关生物分子(如酶、受体)作为药物作用的目标。
②靶标结构解析:通过X射线晶体学、核磁共振或冷冻电镜等技术获取靶标分子的三维结构信息。
③活性位点分析:识别靶标分子上的活性位点,即药物小分子可能结合的区域。
④虚拟筛选:利用计算机软件,在大规模化合物库中筛选与活性位点匹配度高的候选药物分子。
⑤分子对接:模拟候选分子与靶标活性位点的相互作用,评估结合模式与亲和力。
⑥分子优化:根据对接结果,调整候选分子的结构,改善药效学性质(如提高选择性、降低毒性)。
⑦合成与测试:合成优化后的候选药物,进行生物活性实验验证,包括体外活性测试、细胞水平评估等。
⑧ADME/T预测:评估候选药物的吸收、分布、代谢、排泄和毒性(ADME/T)特性,筛选出符合药物开发标准的候选分子。
⑨结构-活性关系(SAR)分析:通过一系列化合物的生物活性测试,建立结构与活性之间的关系,指导进一步优化。
⑩临床前与临床研究:经过严格筛选的候选药物进入临床前毒理学评价,随后推进至不同阶段的临床试验,验证安全性和有效性。
基于靶点结构的药物设计的名词解释下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用资料,如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等,想了解不同资料格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you! In addition, this shop provides you with various types of practical materials, such as educational essays, diary appreciation, sentence excerpts, ancient poems, classic articles, topic composition, work summary, word parsing, copy excerpts, other materials and so on, want to know different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!1. 概述在药物设计领域,基于靶点结构的方法是一种重要的策略,它通过对药物与生物靶点相互作用的结构进行分析和优化,以设计出具有更高效率和更低副作用的药物。
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reagent碘化铋钾试剂Dragendorff's reagent碘化钾碘试剂Wagner's reagent硅钨酸试剂Bertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagent磷钼酸试剂Sonnenschein's reagent, phospho-molybdic acid reagent苦味酸试剂Hager's reagent, picric acid reagent矾酸铵-浓硫酸试液Mandelin test solution 钼酸铵-浓硫酸试液Frohde test solution甲醛-浓硫酸试液Marquis test solution莨菪烷tropane莨菪烷生物碱tropane alkaloid除虫菊素类pyrethroid-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔。
药学Pharmacology前沿·热点Research Hot/Frontiers计算机辅助药物设计Computer-Aided Drug Design 新药研发Drug Discovery药物输送Drug Delivery药物转运体Drug Transporter药物不良反应Adverse Drug Reaction药物代谢酶Drug Metabolizing Enzymes潜在药物靶点Potential drug targets药物相互作用Drug-Drug Interaction基因多态性Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms多药耐药Multidrug resistance交叉耐药Cross-resistance剂量-反应曲线Dose-response curve给药途径Route of Administration药物代谢Drug Metabolism药物载体Drug carrier药物评价Drug Evaluation药物筛选Drug Screening配药学Pharmacy药剂师Pharmacists制药历史History of pharmacy中药Chinese Pharmacy日本汉方药学Japanese pharmacy社区药房Community pharmacy医院药房Hospital pharmacy临床药学Clinical pharmacy组合药学Compounding pharmacy高级顾问药师Consultant pharmacy互联网药房Internet pharmacy兽药Veterinary pharmacy核药学Nuclear pharmacy军事药学Military pharmacy药学情报Pharmacy informatics药剂学Pharmaceutics新化学个体new chemical entity (NCE)剂型设计dosage form design纯药pure drug substance药片Tablet胶囊Capsule硬胶囊Hard Capsule软胶囊Soft Capsule微型胶囊Microencapsule栓剂Suppository注射Injection阴道栓剂Pessary乳霜剂Cream软膏剂Ointment滴眼药Eye drop滴耳药Ear drop吸入剂Inhalation鼻喷剂Nasal spray穿透皮肤药贴Transdermal patch乳胶剂Emulsion悬浮剂Suspension散布剂Dispersion溶解Solution体内植入物Implant洗剂Lotion嵌入Inserts粉末Powder凝胶Gels药贴Paste新药物缓释系统Novel drug delivery systems药物化学Medicinal chemistry配药化学pharmaceutical chemistry结构-活性数量关系quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR)金属基药物metal-based drugs合成化学combinatorial chemistry药效团pharmacophore先导化合物lead compounds最优化Optimization临床试验clinical trials药学实习Pharmacy practice药理学Pharmacology药效drug action医药品pharmaceuticals药物成分drug composition毒物学toxicology代谢途径metabolic pathways药代动力学Pharmacokinetics治疗指数therapeutic index治疗窗Therapeutic Window治疗药物临测therapeutic drug monitoring 心理药理学Psychopharmacology潜在药物potential drugs有效成分Constituents迷幻药psychedelic兴奋剂recreational drugs精神障碍mental disorders精神活性药物Psychoactive drugs致幻药hallucinogenic drugs镇定剂tranquillizers抗抑郁药antidepressants精神分裂症schizophrenia血脑屏障blood-brain barrier副作用side effects药物遗传学Pharmacogenetics遗传变异genetic variation药物基因组学pharmacogenomics药物不良反应Adverse drug reactions生物异源物质xenobiotics自身免疫病autoimmune disease药物代谢drug metabolismThiopurinesTPMT药物流行病学Pharmacoepidemiology毒理学Toxicology毒性toxicity剂量dose剂量反应关系dose-response relationship半數致死量LD50 Toxicogenomics毒液venom毒素toxins剂量学posology生药学Pharmacognosy人种药理学Ethnopharmacology 植物治疗法phytotherapyDrug Synergism天然药crude drugs植物化学phytochemistry替代疗法alternative medicine。
基于结构的药物设计(Structure-based drug design)又被称为直接药物设计法,它最基本的要求是清楚的知道作用受体的三维空间构型。
根据受体受点的形状和性质要求,直接借助计算机自动构造出形状和性质互补的新的配基分子的三维结构。
基础是受体受点与配基之间的互补性。
直接药物设计法存在的问题有:
①人体结构复杂,大部分受体结构不知道;
②测试水平和晶体获得受到一定的限度,现在能够获得的三维结构有限;
③受体是嵌在细胞膜上的蛋白结构,当从半流态的细胞膜上分离出来以后,脱离原来的环境,其空间结构排列发生很大的变化,很难得到真实的三维空间结构。
被成为直接药物设计。
基于配体的药物设计,又被称为间接药物设计法,是指在受体结构未知的情况下,利用计算机技术对有活性的各种类型生物活性分子进行计算分析,得到三维构效关系模型,通过计算机显示其构象推测受体的空间构型,并以此虚拟受体进行药物设计,这种方法犹如量衣裁新衣订做服装。