大学英语外报复习Lesson 5

大学英语教程第五册练习Part I. Answering the following questions1. Of the four choices, why does the author prefer the last choice, “Try to change the world gradually, one clod at a time”? What does his preference reflect? Give evidence from the text to prove your point.2. Why do scientists take a great interest in the mountain gorilla? What do they want to prove? What attitude should we have toward western scientists like the author who study wild life in Africa?3. According to the author, what is wrong with television? Why does the author only discuss the bad effect of television? Has television a part to play in modern society? What is the part it should play?4. What do you think of insomnia?What is the serious message the author intends to convey in “On Getting Off to Sleep”? Prove your point.5. How does the author look at the modern cult of beauty? Is his view ofthe beauty industry positive or negative? State the reasons he proposes in the text.What do you think of the modern cult of beauty?(部分参考答案) Lesson two1.The author would choose the last one in the first place. Because hewas very experienced and knew it better than the first three. Anyhow the last one would bring, more or less, benefits to him. otherwise, allhis effort would be in vain.2.Yes. He says revolutions bring the revolutionists nothing but death andbitterness. Some die young, in prison or on the street, others alive become desperate for their dreams have been disillusioned. He also points out the idealists making the revolution are bound to be disappointed whether their revolution is a success or a failure. He advises that there is a more reasonable and realistic alternative instead of the armed revolution. From these, we know that his preference reflects his pacifist view on social revolutions.Lesson 41.Because of the rapid development of the society, the ecological systemis off balance. More and more scientists show great concern for the wild animals as well as the mountain gorilla, fro their fate is closely linked with that of the human beings. They want to prove that man should pay more attention to the environment, take effective measures to protect its environment and to save the life of the wild animals.Otherwise, the day of the animals’ extinction is also the time when human being vanishes from the earth for good.1.To say that the gorilla is something of a paradox in the African scenemeans that people take it for granted that they know he gorilla very well. As a matter of fact, they don’t. more or less, people will tell you something about the gorilla, which is a big animal like a human being,but very ferocious. Yet, if we want to know more about the gorilla, no one can say more except those scientists who devote all their lives to the gorilla. So that’s why people say that the go rilla is something of a paradox in the African scene.Lesson 51.We should show our respects to those who devote all their lives to thestudy or observation of the wild life. They give up all their comfortable life and sacrifice their own happiness for protecting our environment from pollution, preserving a better land fro both the man and the animal. Without their work, the global environment will get worse and worse; without their work, the species of the animals will become less and less. It is they who make us know that an environmental crisis is threatening the whole mankind. So we should be grateful to them and to their hard work as well.Lesson 91.Yes. The part television should play is that it entertains people,enriches people’s leisure hours and words as a tool of cultural communication.2.According to the author, television discourages concentration,encourages us to apply no effort and diverts us only to divert.Lesson 101.For example, those “as soon as my head touches the pillow” fellows.This very night I will dismiss such trivial phantasies as jumping sheep and crooked pictures, and evoke the phantom of a crushing, stupendous Bore.2.No. I don’t think so. In this article, the author only tries to producesome humor for the readers and it is the touch of humor that makes the essay appealing to us. But anyway, he is not so serious here, and everybody can see that from the article.Lesson 151.The author’s view of beauty is negative. He proposes not a fewreasons and facts in the text. In the tenth paragraph, for example, he says, “Still commoner and no less repellent is the hardness which spoils so many pretty faces. Often, it is true, this air of hardness which spoils so many pretty faces. Often, it is true, this air of hardness is due not to psychological causes, but to the contemporary habit of over-painting.”2.According to the author, human beauty exists not only in appearance,but what’s the more in interior. For there is an interior light that can transfigure forms that the pure aesthetician would regard as imperfect or downright ugly.3.The author is criticizing the enormous expenditure on beauty inmodern western society.Yes, I think his criticism is well-grounded.Part II。

大学英语外报外刊阅读教程教学参考手册第二版端木义万主编Lesson 26Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. CVI.1. The author thinks that the millennial generation is a generation that primps, dyes, pulls and shapes, younger and with more vigor.2. Experian’s research finds that 43 percent of 6-to-9-year-olds are already using lipstick and lip gloss, 38 percent use hairstyling products and 12 percent use other cosmetics.3. This is a group that’s grown up on pop culture that screams, again and again, that everything, everything, is a candidate for upgrading. Ads for the latest fashions, makeup tips and grooming products are circulated with a speed and fury unique to this millennium —on millions of ads, message boards and Facebook pages.4. Statistics from the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery show cosmetic-surgery procedures performed on those 18 and younger have nearly doubled over the past decade.5. The author, by ―level the playing field‖, means that standards of beauty are ubiquitous and people of all kinds have the same cosmetic options available to them.OutlineI. (1) Specific example of Marleigh’s beauty careII. (2—4) Millennial generation’s obsession with beauty1. Starting grooming and beauty treatments at an early age2. Surveys and findingsIII. (5) Analysis of the trend1. Diva-ization of the generation2. Influence of pop culture and adsIV. (6—7) Effects of the trend1. Waste of time and money2. Big increase of young people seeking cosmetic treatmentsLesson 27Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. AVI.1. Conserve is a Delhi non-profit organization recycling plastic bags into accessories. Anita Ahuja started it in order to clean up the streets of the Indian capital and help people who have problems.2. When Anita Ahuja’s homemade products were popular at a fair at the US embassy, she realized she had finally found a successful recipe and decided to venture into accessories.3. She, by using contracts in the Delhi government, got Conserve IDs for her ragpickers. She also got certificates of endorsement from Delhi’s chief minister and prominently displayed her own clout at the different units. She put together a group of garbage collectors, who, acting as middlemen, buy the plastic bags from 150 pickers in different pockets of the city. In this way, she ensured a regular supply of plastic bags.4. The bags are sliced open, then washed in detergent, dipped in basil-scented water and hung out in the sun to dry, and after that were layered and compressed by heat in an ovenlike contraption. Staff and professional tailors then cut them out and sew the sheets into Conserve’s belts, bags and wallets.5. It was difficult to train the trash pickers on the nuances of the different plastic bags because they spoke different dialects.6. Anita Ahuja has turned down the suggestion of handing over the fabric because making the fabric alone is not so profitable.OutlineI. (1-3) Brief accounts of Conserve1. Conserve’s business2. Anita Ahuja’s purpose in starting Conserve3. Conserve’s successII. (4-6) Conserve’s initial stage of development1. Ahuja’s development of the idea of recycling plastic bags2. Experiments with plastic bag recycling3. Ahuja’s way to ensure a regular supply of plastic bagsIII. (7-13) Conserve’s business management1. Conserve’s way of recycling plastic bags2. Payment to collectors and pickers3. Training of trash pickers4. Markets for Conserve’s productsIV. (14-16) The way to gain capital for business development1. Setting up a for-profit unit2. Use of the money to pay the rent on a new factory3. Turning down the suggestion of handing over the fabricV. (17) Bharti Sharma’s success at ConserveLesson 28Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. AVI.1. Zach’s walk was 650-mile long. The aim of the walk was to raise funds to help homelesschildren.2. Zach started the organization four years ago. By the end of the year, they had 27 truckloads of aid.3. The walk was very hard. They spent two months trudging 10 or 13miles a day along swelteringback roads.4. They raise money for their philanthropic organization through tutoring. They use the money todistribute blankets, clothing and soap to Washington’s homeless.5. When Brittany and Robbie Berguist heard about a soldier overseas who couldn’t pay the phonebill for his calls home, they raised money by selling back old cellphones to be recycled. Since then, the siblings have sent more than 600,000 phone cards to troops and raised more than $ 5 million. For their philanthropic work, Brittany had been awarded so many community-service scholarships that she has enough to cover the entire cost of Stonehill College, and even the cost of graduate school.6. Zach’s walk raised about $ 50,000. He plans to use some of the money for a playground at anemergency foster-care shelter at Tampa and for bedding, computers and other supplies at Sasha Bruce Youthwork.OutlineI. (1-2) Zach’s final stage of the 650-mile fundraising walkII. (3-8) Zach’s Little Red Wagon Foundation1. Zach’s identity2. Development of the Little Red Wagon Foundation3. Media’s attention to the Little Red Wagon FoundationIII. (9-18) American children’s philanthropic efforts1. Children’s change of image from mere poster children into high-profile CEO of their ownfoundations2. Timothy Hwang and Minsoo Han’s organization of Operation Fly3. Effects of child philanthropic efforts4. Efforts made by Brittany and Robbie Bergquist to help American soldiers abroad5. Rewards to Brittany for her philanthropic effortsIV. (19-23) Zach’s fundraising walk1. Distance covered each day2. Hardship endured on the way3. Fund raised by the walk and the planned way to use the fund4. Zach’s stress on the nee d to help homeless childrenV. (24-25) Social Support for Zach’s walk1. Sponsors for the walk2. Zach’s gratitude for the support and attentionLesson 29Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. CVI.1. They play an important role in the U.S. economy. They produce more than $1 trillion in annual revenues. Major credit card companies and banks are eager to get their business.2. They work really hard. More than 4 in 10 work at least 6 days a week and 52 percent take less than a week off a year. When they aren’t at work, 59 percent still take calls and Emails3. Most people think that the business of small businesses declines in summer because they believe customers go on vacation during summer.4. The stock market changes don’t have an impact on them. Over half insist that the stock market doesn’t reflect economic reality.5. According to Discover, a third of small business owners said that housing’s slide and the ensuing credit crisis have a significant impact on their business.OutlineI. (1) Size, number, and importance of mom and pop businessesII. (2) Discover’s surveys of mom and pop businessesIII. (3-9) Major findings about the real world of mom and pop businesses1. The owner’s view on being his/her own boss2. Normal working hours3. Business during the summer4. Stock market changes’ impact on mom and pop businesses5. Fuel price changes’ impact on mom and pop businesses6. Health care provision mandate’s impact on mom and pop businesses7. Minimum wage increase’s impact on mom and pop businessesIV. (10 - 11) This summer's mortgage fallout on small businessLesson 30Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. AVI.1. It provides bus transportation, hotel lodging and, tailgate food and entertainment.2. He is launching a virtual coffee marketplace that matches javaholics with independent roasters and their beans across the country3. Wor king in Corporate America doesn’t hold the same appeal because large employers are downsizing, and high entry salaries and stock options are less common now.4. Berlin thinks that as a student, the risk of starting an entrepreneurial venture is relatively minimal and there is often little money to lose5. According to Preiss, the coffee market place is moving toward customers who view it more like wine. They care where it comes from, where it is grown and the quality of the beans.OutlineI. Specific example of Calle and Berlin(1-4) 1. Change from football fans into entrepreneurs2. Starting a business that serves football fansII. Fashion of college students’ launching businesses(5-8) 1. Students’ entrepreneurial venture across the US.2. Example at Georgia State University3. Example at Emory University4. Example at Morehouse CollegeIII. Students’ interest in business and the reasons for their interest(9-18) 1. Students’ keen interest in business2. Reasons fo r students’ keen interest in starting up a businessa. Repression’s impactb. Minimal risk of initial investmentc. Advantage provided by the technologyVI. Way of business development(19-30) 1. SEC Excursion’s way of developing business2. David Preiss’s way of developing his coffee businessLesson 31Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. AVI.1. US President Bush called the G-20 summit.2. The G-20 is expected to design new roles to meet the global financial crisis.3. According to the author, the G-20 summit is likely to be remembered not so much for the action taken as for the milestone it marked and the emerging global economic order it heralded.4. The new international economic order will reflect a diffusion of economic power and responsibility to countries like China, Brazil, and South Korea.5. They welcome the expansion of the world economic club to include them. But they are also demanding a bigger role in international economic decision-making.6. He recognizes the growing role of developing economies. He expects the summit to take up special reforms that acknowledge a changed world.7. He warned against overzealous attempts to reinvent the system.OutlineI. (1-3) Appearance of the G-20 and the significance1. Appearance of the G-202. Significance of its appearanceII. (4-7) Likely achievement of the G-20 summit1. No significant accords expected2. A likely call for broad international participation in effort to stimulate global economy3. Likely formation of working groups4. The likely host for a follow-up summitIII. (8-10) Impact of the G-20 summit1. A new international economic order2. Recognition of the importance of emerging economic powersIV. (11-14) Developing economic powers’ responses1. Welcoming to expansion of the world economic club2. Demanding the recognition of particular needsa.Access to investment fundsb.Dependence on export marketsV. (15-18) Bush’s attitudes and expectations1. Recognizing the growing role of developing economic powers2. Expecting specific reforms to improve the system3. Warning against overzealous attempts to reinvent the free-market systemLesson 32Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. DVI.1. Ten years ago, Amazon sold books.2. Today, Amazon’s business in Britain is very large. It is receiving 1 million orders a day, having transformed itself into a giant shopping mall. It is now challenging all the major high street chains for the title of Britain’s biggest retailer.3. It is expanding very fast. Earlier this yea r it opened one of Europe’s largest warehouses in Swansea, 60% bigger than its existing monster-sized distribution center in Milton Keynes. But already the firm is seeking a site for another huge warehouse. It is tooling up for its next move, with the launch early next year of a low-cost, music download service that could rival Apple iTunes.4 The traditional way of online shopping in Britain is searching out the cheapest price for eachindividual purchase at price comparison websites and then ordering from a raft of different retailers. The author says that this way may now be redundant because Amazon offers the cheapest prices for most products.5. The main reason for Amazon’s offer of cheaper prices is the benefit of scale: no shops and no staff in them, and no carrying inventory in 500 different places at the same time. Huge volumes of business enable Amazon to get better commercial terms than anyone else.6. By ―the social aspect to shopping‖ the author means that a lot of customers want to be able to pop around to a local shop, talk about a product, speak to the shopkeeper and have a chit-chat.7. The out-of-town shopping centers and online retailers will cause the bankruptcy of local independent stores and the disappearance of money from the locality.8. According to Guardian Money, if customers buy all their Christmas presents on Amazon, they should be aware that if the item breaks down after six months, it appears that all the company will offer them back is 10% — 20% of the initial price.OutlineI. (1-4) Development of Amazon in Britain1. Transformation into a giant shopping mall2. Further expansion3. Price competitiveness4. Many online competitors’ decision to join Amazon’s marketplaceII. (5-6) Reasons for Amazon’s price competitiveness1. Benefit of scale2. Ability to get better commercial termsIII. (7-10) Impacts of Amazon’s development on Britain1. Posing a threat to Britain’s local independent stores2. Causing the loss of social contact in shopping3. Taking money out of the local areas4. Explanation given by Amazon’s Brian McBrideIV. (11-20) Problems with Amazon’s service1. No full protection of customers’ interests when products are found shoddy2. Case of David Handly3. Case of Ray FerrisLesson 33Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. CVI.1. Louis Gill has taken to laying out cots and mattresses between the shelter’s 174 registered beds to cope with the rush of homeless families brought to his doors by the financial crisis.2. According to Louis Gill, in the preceding year homeless families increased by 34 percent and homeless children increased by 24 percent.3. The author thinks that the recession has caused ravages including a surge in foreclosures and unemployment approaching 10 percent and driven thousands of families onto the streets.4. According to administration officials, the typical homeless person has changed to become less focused on the chronologically homeless or single individual homeless to somebody who is part ofa family whether it be a mother or a father, or a child in a homeless family.5. The life of homeless young women is particularly fraught with danger because they are at much greater risk of being victimized when they have no stable home. It can be more difficult to obtain needed services.6. They suggest that rural and suburban areas were particularly ill-equipped to cope with the new wave of homelessness7. The department has allocated $1.5 billion over the next three years to combat homelessness nationwide.OutlineI. (1-2) Specific example of Bakersfield Homeless Center1. Going beyond capacity to cope with the rush of homeless families2. Fast increase of homeless families and childrenII. (3-5) Change in the make-up of homeless people1. Gill’s idea about the changea. Original stereotype of a homeless personb. Present increase of people becoming homeless due to the economic crisis2. Government figures supporting Gill’s experienceIII. (6-11) HUD’s report about the homeless1. Increase of homeless families nationwide and in rural and suburban areas2. Distribution of homeless people3. Change of homeless stereotypes4. Dangerous situation faced by homeless women5. Issues left out in the reportIV. (12-15) HUD’s study and findings1. Way of study: measuring changes in the number of homeless people2. Case study’s findingsa. Inability of rural and suburban areas to cope with the new wave of homeless peopleb. Increase of homeless people in some statesc. Case of a Kentucky emergency shelterV. (16) Efforts made by HUD and local areas to help the homelessLesson 34Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. AVI.1. In 2003, the Congress passed the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban.2. The three lower courts criticize the law because the law does not have an exception for protecting the health of pregnant women.3. The Supreme Court upheld the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban4. They hold that the ban is harmful to women’s health and interferes with medical decision making and opens the floodgates for states to chip away at Roe.5. Jay Sekulow believes that state legislatures will now be emboldened to pass other restrictions, including ones requiring informed consent.6. According to David Masci, abortion could become a more visible issue in the next presidential election, and at the very least, the ruling will force candidates, who have already weighed in along partisan lines, to speak more clearly about where they stand7. If the majority comes to see the decision as the first step towards dismantling Roe, it would mobilize Americans in ways abortion opponents would regret.OutlineI. (1—3) Supreme Court’s ruling and its effect1. Illegality of partial-birth abortion2. Supreme Court’s ruling to uphold the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban3. Limited effect of the rulingII. (4—6) Views on the ruling’s impact1. Abortion-rights activists’ view2. Abortion opponents’ view3. Jay Sekulow’s viewIII. (7) Ruling’s effect on politicians: forcing them to speak even more clearly about their stand IV. (8) Prospects of anti-abortion movementLesson 35Answers to the QuestionsV. 1.B 2. D 3. C 4. AVI.1. David Shipler’s description of the bleak world of the American working poor is a kind of domino model of a downward economic spiral.2. His book is based on his interviews of scores of people. The book lacks the first-person focus and angry wit of Nickel and Dimed. But poverty is in the details, and he lays those in abundance.3. Convenience stores in poor neighborhoods routinely advance cash to their customers at the at interest rates of about 20% for a two-week loan. If the debt can’t be paid, it’s gladly rolled over——for another 20%. One study in Illinois found that the average customer had 10 renewals of that kind, which meant that in the space of a few months, he or she owed twice as much in interest that had been borrowed.4. The essence of Shipler’s message is that working poverty is a seamless web of challenges, some personal, some erected by a society content to let the federal minimum wage languish at a $5.15 an hour.5. Unscrupulous bosses make workers falsify their time sheets so that they can work longer hours for the same pay. Labor contractors deduct exorbitant housing costs from the worker’s pay, but warehouse them in filthy barracks.6. Shipler’s solutions are a higher minimum wage, better job training and medical coverage for the almost 44 million who have none.7. The author says so because the working poor don’t vote in anything like the numbers of their more affluent neighbors, therefore carry no real weight and the economic situation is gloomy, the economic boom of the 90s is gone, the job creation is feeble, and the time limits on welfare are kicking in.OutlineI. (1) Shipler’s description of the working poor’s lifeII. (2-5) Aim, features, essence of the book1. Shipler’s aim in writing the book2. Main features of the book3. Shipler’ dissection of the extortionate are loan fees4. Essence of Shipler’s messageIII. (6-7) Analysis of the working poor’s own problems1. Problems on the part of the working poor2. Nothing to fall back on when they stumbleIV. Shipler’s solution and the author’s commentLesson 36Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. BVI.1.Tom Mauser is the father of Columbine victim Daniel Mauser. He maintains a memorial pageto his son because he wants to arouse Americans’ attention to the gun violence problem and get their action.2.America’s gun violence is very serious. Each year America loses 11,000 to gun homicide, andthree times that number are injured.3. The reasons for Americans’inaction about gun violence problem are the gun lobby’s greatinfluence on the public and American s’ fear about an armed takeover. They are convinced that any form of gun control is a major step toward the total elimination of all guns.4. No, punishment alone isn’t enough because in most cases once they lose loved ones it is toolate, and because punishment doesn’t stop shooters intent on committing suicide following their rampage.5. They put the issue on the statewide ballot and won by a margin of 70 percent to 30 percent.6. The author suggests that Americans should put more measures on the ballot or learn to putmore pressure on elected officials to offset the relentless badgering of the gun lobby.I. (1-3) American’s reaction to the frequent gun violence1. Tom Mauser’s effort to get public attention to the gun violence problem2. Need for far more attention and action3. Most Americans’ passive reaction to gun violenceII. (4) Serious extent of gun violenceIII. (5-6) Reasons f or Americans’ weak reaction to gun violence1. Powerful influence of the gun lobby2. Public fear about armed takeover and total elimination of all gunsIV. (7-10) Difficulty in preventing gun violence1. Punishment’s limited effect2. Existence of the gaping gun loophole3. Sale of military style assault weapons4. Political leaders’ submission to the hard-core gun supportersV. (11-12) Measures to solve the gun violence problem1. Colorado’s measures to close the gun show loophole2. Need to put more measure on the ballot and more pressure on elected officialsVI. (13-14) Gloomy prospects1. Difficulty is enforcing reasonable restrictions due to gun lobby’s stranglehold on policy makers2. Overwhelming voices of fearLesson 37Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. DVI.1. It was the most powerful ever in the region, measured a preliminary magnitude of 7.0. It rockedthe island of Haiti, collapsing a hospital, the presidential palace and other buildings, triggering massive panic and claiming thousands of lives.2. The earthquake was so destructive because it measured a magnitude of 7.0, was centered about10 miles west of Port-au-Prince and was shallow, and it hit one of the city’s most denselypopulated areas.3. According to Fajardo, relief efforts were hampered by poor road conditions and lack of security.4. The installations of the UN Peacekeeping Force sustained serious damage. The headquarterscollapsed and troops were trying to find survivors amid the wreckage of the five-story building.5. The US government promised to provide both civilian and military disaster relief andhumanitarian assistance.6. US officials planned to send teams to assess Haiti’s needs, but first they wanted to determinewhether airport runways were able to receive cargo planes.I. (1) NewsleadSummary of the news story about the Haiti earthquakeII. (2 – 4) Impact of the earthquake1. Catastrophic destruction2. Issuing of tsunami alerts and reports about aftershocksIII. (5) Specifics about the earthquakeSize and location of the earthquake and time of its occurrenceIV. (6 – 9) Details about the effects of the earthquake1. Casualties and damages2. Stern’s account3. Photos showing damagesV. (10 – 11) Background information about Haiti’s1. Poverty2. Disasters caused by storms, military coups and gang violenceVI. (12 - 18) More details about the quake’s damages1. Rodger’s account2. Fajardo’s account3. Joseph’s account4. Alain LeRoy’s accountVII. (19 - 26) America’s response to the quake1. Obama’s pledge to help2. Hillary Clinton’s offer of help3. US Embassy personnel’s account4. US officials’ planVIII. (27 - 30) Further details about the earthquake’s damages1. AP’s account2. Godfrey’s account3. Impact on Cap-Haiten: little damage4. Buzard’s accountLesson 38Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. AVI.1. President Lech Kaczynski’s plane crashed in Smolensk, Western Russia on April 10, 20102. The aim of President Lech Kacz ynski’s trip was to attend the commemoration of the KatynForest Massacre.3. The crash killed 97 people, of whom 88 were passengers.4. The crash was a stunning blow to Poland and threw the whole nation into grief. Poles mournedthe death of their leaders and united in their grief. Thousands massed outside the PresidentialPalace, laying flowers and lighting candles.5. Relationship between Poland and Russia has been strained ever since the Katyn ForestMassacre. The crash happened at the moment that the two countries were beginning to come to terms with the killing of Poland’s officers. So, the relationship took a chilling twist. For poles, it was a wound which is difficult to heal.6. The Law and Justice Party lost numerous important leaders in addition to the president.Although Mr. Kaczynski had been trailing far behind his opponent in the polls, the outpouring of sympathy from the mourning public might benefit his party in the moved-up presidential election.7. According to the article, Russia’s leaders, acutely aware of the potential fallout of the crash,immediately reached out to Poland with condolences. Mr. Putin left Moscow to meet Mr. Tusk at the site of the crash, and President Medvedev recorded an address to the Polish people, saying, ―All Russians share your sorrow and mouring.‖OutlineI. (1 – 2 ) News leadSummary of the news story about the Polish jet crashII. (3 – 5) Impact of the crash on the relationship between Poland and Russia1. A stunning blow to Poland2. A difficult-to-heal woundIII. (6 – 7) Possible cause of the crash1. Air traffic controllers’ warning and order2. Plane’s descent in spite of the warning and the orderIV. (8) Information about the passengersV. (9 – 15) Polish people’s reaction to the crash1. National grief over the crash2. Examples of Niemczyk, Figurski and Tusk3. Background information about the aim of the trip4. Welesa’s comment on the crash: the second disaster after KatynVI. (16 – 18) Effects of the crash on Poland’s politics and relations with other c ountries1. Repercussions on the coming presidential election2. Effects on Poland’s relationship with other countriesVII. (19 – 22) The two governments’ responses1. Kaczynski and Tusk’s arrival at Katyn2. Background information about the two countrie s’ half-a-century relationship3. Russian leaders’ prompt offer of condolencesVIII. (23 - 26) Additional information about the cause of the crash1. Category and age of the plane2. Officials’ repeated request for a replacement of the plane3. Russian ne ws media’s reports about the crashIX. (27 - 29) Additional information about the passengers1. Number of Polish passengers2. Information about the high ranking passengers3. Information about KaczynskiX. (30 - 31) Impact on Poland’s plan to host America’s missiles1. Kaczynski’s support for the plan2. Unlikely change of the planLesson 39Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. CVI.1. The early returns from Afghanistan’s presidential election had the smell of a decorous massage job.2. Karzai is very good at the traditional form of Afghan politics, crating alliances among tribal and ethnic factions. He distributes money to those allies and in this way gain their support.3. The military situation in Afghanistan has deteriorated. The Taliban have grown in strength. It is widely expected General McChrystal will be requesting more troops.4. No. Obama’s dilemma is not as stark as has been posed in recent press accounts. The military has become far more nuanced when it comes to making requests of Presidents. The negotiations about what McChrystal can officially request will not take place anywhere near the public eye. It is very likely that more troops will be sent. Most Democrats have little desire to reverse themselves. They don’t want to hurt the President, and they don’t want to be perceived as weak on defense come election time.OutlineI. (1) Election situation1. Early returns from the presidential election2. Fraudulent managementII. (2) Absurdity of holding the election1. Factors preventing a fair election2. Karzai’s problemsIII. (3) Military situation in Afghanistan1. Taliban’s growth of strength2. Expected request from General McChrystal for more troopsIV. (4-6) Discussion about Obama’s next move1. Analysis of the situation facing Obamaa. Not a dilemma as stark as has been posed in recent press accountsb. The military’s response: far more nuanced in making requestsc. Most democrats’ response: having little desire to reverse themselves2. Discussion about the right thing to do in Afghanistana. Nothing wrong with the invasionb. Wrong to ignore traditional Afghan ways of social organizationc. Legitimate to question the present way of Afghan nation-buildingd. Need to work out a better plan。

现代⼤学英语精读5课后问题详解Lesson 1Vocabulary1. Manhood: the state of being human2. White lie:harmless or trivial lie，esp．one told in order to avoid hurting sb．3. black sheep：person regarded as a disgrace or a failure by other members of his family or group4. To upset: to defeat5. Affirmation: stating sth．as truth firmly and forcefully6. To strain: to make the greatest possible effort7. Off base: mistaken8. (a) want (of) : lack of9. Ringing cry: rallying callParagraph1. The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2. Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3. The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when a negro is fully convinced that he/she isa Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4. Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.Power in its best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5. At that time economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was).6. …the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.7. It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster, or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8. …when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.…when the unfair practice of judhing human value by the amount of money a person has irs done away with.9. He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10. Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination.Translation1. A white lie is better than a black lie.⼀个⽆关紧要的谎⾔总⽐⼀个恶意的谎⾔要好。

Lesson 1 Where Do We Go from HerePara. 18:It is perfectly clear that a violent revolution on the part of American blacks would find no sympathy and support from the white population and very little from the majority of the Negroes themselves. This is no time for romantic illusions and empty philosophical debates aboutfreedom. This is a time for action. What is needed is a strategy for change, a tactical program that will bring the Negro into the mainstream of American life as quickly as possible. So far, this has only been offered by the nonvi ole nt moveme nt. Without recog nizing this we will end up with solutio ns that don 'solve, an swers that donta nswer and expla nati ons that dortexpla in.毋庸置疑，美国黑人的暴力革命绝不可能得到白人的同情与支持，也得不到多少大多数黑人的同情与支持。

对自由抱有浪漫的幻想或进行哲学性空谈都是不合时宜的。

这是行动的时刻。

我们需要的是改变的策略，是能够让黑人尽快融入美国主流生活的战术方案。

Lesson Five Twelve Angry Men (Part One)I．T eaching Objectives:After learning this unit, students are supposed to:1. get familiar with the rules of word formation ;2. get familiar with some grammatical points;3. retell the text as a whole;4. have a thorough understanding of the whole text: Twelve Angry Men5. get a list of the new words and expressions and be able to use them freely in writing and daily conversation;II.Listening and speaking activities1.Listen to the recording of the text and fill in the blanks about the main ideas of the article.2. Talk about the judicial system in America and discuss the questions on the text.III. Reading Comprehension and Language Activities1.Pre-reading discussions:1)Why doesn’t the author give names to the characters in the drama? Is this play merely a conflictamong people or is it also a conflict of ideas?2)What was the evidence presented at the court against the boy?3)What would have happened to the boy if he had been found guilty?2 Background knowledgeAbout the author﹡Reginald Rose is a native Ne w Y orker, best known as a writer for television. The Twelve Angry Men was written in 1954 based on his experience as a juror. The play was turned into a movie in 1957 with Henry Fonda starring as No8.The present text isbased on of that movie. with much abridgement. What distinguished Rose’s teleplays was their direct preoccupation with social and political issues.﹡Useful legal termsJudiciary system: judge, 12 jurors, lawyer, plaintiff, defendant, public prosecutorThe jury trial is an important component in the U.S. judicial system. The jury consists of 12 jurors, selected at random, agreed on by the lawyers of the two sides, who will, after hearing all the evidenced and cross-examination and careful deliberation, give a verdict of guilty or not guilty. Today no jury would be made up entirely of men any more. Women now serve on juries as much as men.﹡JuryJury: is a group of up to 12 people, called “Jurors” whose duty it is to listen to the evidence given in a court trial and decide whether the accused is guilty or not guilty. The decision is called a “verdict”. If the verdict is not guilty, the accused is set free or acquitted; if the verdict is guilty, the judge will give the sentence.﹡Court System•Jurisdiction司法: by the Highest Court, the High Court, the Middle Court, the district courts, thelower courts•Legislation立法: by the Congress, hearings听证会•①The accused is deemed innocent until and unless proved “ guilty” beyond a reasonable doubt.•②In many jurisdictions, the majority of a jury is not sufficient to find a defendant guilty ofa felony.•③A trial does not aim at discovering who commit a particular crime, but rather the innocence or guilt of the accused.•④The system is not infallible and can be quite precarious.﹡A criminal court• A criminal court is a court of law which hears cases brought by the state against a person or a corporation which has violated a criminal law enacted by the legislature.﹡Police•Scotland Y ard 伦敦警察厅•NYPD, LAPD police department 警察局•FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation•Sheriff (美)县治安官•Police officer•区分：Security guard 保安, Firefighters, fire brigade,•Court-martial 军事法庭, international tribunal 国际法庭3.About the textTwelve Angry Men was adapted by Reginald Roes in1950s. It is about an 18-year-old boy who is on trial for murder, accused of knifing his father to death .The twelve jurors retire to the jury room, having been admonished that the defendant is innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. It turned out that in the first voting .all the 11 jurors vote for conviction. Except No.8, who feels there is a reasonable doubt, which prevents a quick verdict. The juror8 resolutely and painstakingly explains his reasons for doing that. During the heated deliberations, evidence that felt rock-solid is revealed to be dubious and the hidden preconceptions and assumptions of the jurors are revealed. At last, juror8 convinces every man on the jury that the charge to the defendant was not conclusively proved to convict him.4.Pre-class Questions• 1. Why do you think the author gives “The Twelve Angry Men” as the title of the play?• 2. Try to analyze the characteristics of each juror and witness.• 3. Try to retell the story of killing in your own words.5. Language Points﹡Phrases；call for : to want or need a particular action, behavior ,quality etc.要求get at : to see to be saying sth that other people don’t completely understand.了解表明lay sb out :to knock sb . down 把….打昏mix up :confuse 弄混spill out :to pour out散出yell sth o ut: 喊出in charge of :负责in the charge of : 由谁负责﹡A boy charged with murdering his father（p1）•Notice that we say“ to be charged with”, but “to be accused of”.•Notice also that “to charge” means to state officially that someone is guilty of a crime.﹡Now you fellows can handle this any way you want.(P2)any way (both words stressed): by any method; in any manner•anyway (stressed on the first syllable): in spite of that; in any case•--I’m going ______, no matter what you say.•--Y ou can do it _________ yo u want. I don’t care. I just want the result.•--Well, _______, it’s too late to do anything now.•--He is desperate. He has to find that money _________.﹡Preliminary (a.& n.) P3: happening at the beginning of an event, often as a form of preparation •--The Congress will start ~ hearings soon. (预备听政会)•--Our team got beaten in the ~ rounds of the competition. (头几个回合)•--May I make a few ~ remarks before we start the interview. (开场白)•②noun: usually plural forms <preliminaries>•--without preliminaries (开门见山地)•~ talks on the nuclear issues of North Korea began yesterday.• A background check is normally a ~ to a presidential nomination.•~s, quarter finals, semi-finals, and the final﹡Vote•If we want to discuss it first then vote, that’s one way or we can vote right now to see how we stand.•Mean: One way for us to do is to discuss first then vote. The other way for us to do is to vote at once to find out the position of jurors whether we agree or not, or we need further discussion on this case.﹡Maybe we can all get out of here. P5•Background: He is eager to get out of this jury room because it is hot and besides he has a ticket for a football game for that evening which he does not want to miss.•If everyone agrees that the boy is guilty, then they can take the verdict to the court and get the whole thing over and done with right﹡Slum Ghetto犹太贫民区Hip-hop: a form of pop culture starting among young black people in the US in the 1980s, including rap music and graffiti art 嬉哈乐(Hippie:young people in the 1960s and 70s rejecting conventional ways留长发、吸毒)Rap: a type of music in which words are not sung but are spoken in a rapid, rhythmic way 说唱乐Latina: a style mixing elements from Latin America 拉丁风格﹡What do you think that trial cost? (P20)•According to the U.S. law any citizen has a right to a proper trial, and if he can’t pay, the trial will be paid by the government. That’s why No. 10 here reminds No.8 angrily that the boy has cost a lot of public money.﹡Since when is dishonesty a group characteristic? (p21)•From what time is dishonesty regarded as a characteristic of a group? It is unfair to think that all the people who live in the slum are not honest. It a prejudice.﹡otherwise (P26)①differently (adv.)--Y ou are presumed to be innocent until proved otherwise. (proved not to be)--I was unable to attend the conference because I was otherwise engaged. (busy with something else)②apart from that--The soup was cold, but otherwise the meal was excellent.③if not--Y ou’d better go now, otherwise you’ll miss the train.﹡Eyewitness OneThe Old Man•Let’s see the old man who lived on the second floor under the room where the murder took .•Clu e: loud noises “I’m going to kill you” in the upstairs apartment A second later, he heard a body falling.•The old man’s guess: It sounded like a fight•The old man’s seeing: He saw the kid running down the stair and out of the house﹡Refute反驳(P29)•Refute an allegation, an argument or a theory: proving it wrong or untrue•It’s the kind of rumor that it is easy to ~.•Refute an allegation or accusation: denying it is true•He is quick to ~ any suggestion of intellectual snobbery.•区分: refuse, decline, reject, object﹡Eyewitness Two The Woman•She is lying in bed. She can’t sleep. It’s hot..•And right across the street, she sees the kid stick his knife into his father’s chest. Look, she has known the kid all his life. And she swore she saw him do it.﹡Spot One•She looks out the window.•They proved in court that at night if you look through the windows of an el train when the lights are out, you can see what is happening on the other side.﹡Spot Two•Right across the street she sees the kid stick the knife into his father. She’s known him all his life.His window is right across from hers, across the EL tracks. And she saw him do it.﹡el train(p34): elevated train•Fly-past(美), flyover(英)立交桥•Highway•Expressway•Subway(美), tube(英)•Tunnel, Cross-strait tunnel,•Maglev: magnetically levitated train﹡Provoke (P46): deliberately annoy someone and try to make him behave aggressivelySomething provokes a reaction: causing itHe started beating me when I was about to go to bed but I didn't do anything to ~ him.The destruction of the mosque has ~d anger throughout the Muslim world.Her insensitive speech provoked an angry reaction.The students tried to provoke the teacher into losing her temper. (made her lose her temper by provoking her)His refusal to answer provoked me to shout at him﹡Boy’ s Background(No.8) I don’t think it was a very strong motive. This boy has been hit so many times that violence is practically a normal state of affairs with him. I just can’s see two slaps in the face would have provoked him into committing murder.﹡The boy•(No.4) This boy--- Let’s say he’s the product of a slum and a broken home. We can’t help that.We’re not here to explain why slums make criminal.•We are here to decide if he is innocent or guilty.﹡Sensitive vs. sensiblesensitive:①(~ + to) easily influence or changed by sth•--sensitive to cold/heat --a sensitive skin②( ~ + about) have feelings that are easily hurt/offendedDon’t mention that she’s put on weight, she’s very sensitive about it.sensible: reasonable; showing good sensea sensible man She is very sensible of the trouble.It would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further action.•It is very sensible of you to take his advice.•﹡Allege (P60)•断言，宣称，硬说•The newspaper ~s th e mayor’s guilt *. He is ~d to have demanded a ransom of one million.•作为理由，借口或论据等提出•He ~d illness as a reason for not going to work.•Alleged: an alleged thief窃贼嫌疑an alleged friend所谓的朋友﹡Ok, let’s get to the point (p 65)•Let’s get to the point: let’s talk about the most important part of the problem.•Admitted buying: We can say “admit to doing sth”•Linglu has admitted stealing the books from Changjin.﹡Admit (p65) : confess①admit (followed by gerund)--Will you admit breaking the window? = Would you admit that you have broken the window?②admit (followed by infinitive)--We all admit him to be foolish.--A fuel leak is now admitted to have been the cause of the trouble.③other collocations--He admitted his guilt/crime. --He admitted to the murder/shoplifting.﹡You pulled a real bright trick (P76)Her tears were just a trick to deceive others.（诡计）Our children used to play tricks on us.（捉弄）card tricks （扑克牌魔术）magic tricks （魔术）Don’t play dirty tricks on me.（卑鄙手段）How’s trick? (c olloq) （混得如何）﹡Ballot• A ballot(paper) is a system of voting or an occasion when you vote on a piece of paper on to write your decision.•Eg. Representatives were elected by ballot. Eg. They decide to hold a ballot.•Eg. Let’s put it to the ballot.﹡We’ll s tay here and talk it out.(p84)talk it out: discuss it thoroughly until we reach a final decision.Out: thoroughly, completely, so as to be finishedCompare:•I had to sit out that boring performance.•Please hear me out. *Time is running out.* The fire went out.•They seemed to be determined to fight it out In-Class Translation Exercises•Let’s play the match out.1.Clean out the room. 2I’m tired out.3I had to sit out that boring performance. 4 Please hear me out.5The oil in the heater is running out. 6The wind blew the candles out.7The lease is already out. 8 He will be back before the month is out.9Let’s try and sort out this mess.6. Post-discussionWhat was the evidence against the boy? How did it fall piece by piece through the discussion? 7Exercises: II Vocabulary 1.Translation3. Translation:1)Our company was heavily in debt when he took over. We owed the bank about 10 million.2)Lao Song, I owe you an apology. The other day I really behaved like a fool.3)People know every well that they owe everything they have today to the reform polity.4)Why did their boat invade our territorial waters? They owe us an explanation at least.5)He claimed to have two Ph. D. degrees from two universities.6)Both sides claimed to have won the competition.7)The Taipings took the city finally. But the battle claimed one of their best leaders. to have won thecompetition.8)These patients won the claim of 50 million dollars for their damaged health.9)This otherwise wonderful manager is a womanizer.10)Her otherwise perfect family only has one problem. Her little daughter is handicapped.11)The Congress will vote on this new tax law sometimes next week. The exact time has not yet beenfixed.12)Big business will vote for that party. They won’t vote otherwise.13)After a heated discussion, they finally put it to a vote. The voter was 3to 4 in Bush’s favor.14)John Kennedy was the first Catholic in U.S. history to be voted into the White House.15)In the stock market, people often vote with their feet.16)The problems we now have remind us that social justice is just as important as economic prosperity.17)That day she forgot to remind her husband to get his car fixed.18)The story reminded me of many terrible things that happened in the so-called Cultural Revolution. 4. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word:1) down 2) in 3)on, off 4) out 5) out 6) out 7) over 8) over 9)away, with 10) with without11) into, in 12) withIII Grammar4. Translate sentences using gerunds:1)The old lady resents being referred to as busybody. Or: The old lady does not like being called abusybody.2)“I appreciate your offering to go and tell the parents about the accident.”, the principal told me.3)The cheat thought being dressed like a policeman would make us trust him. But he looked like aswindler just the same.4)It’s important to know what it is that you don’t know, and asking questions is the way.5)Foreign journalists in the country often complain about being suspected of spying.6)I reviewed my lesson s by first reading the texts over and then trying to retell them in my own words.7)There are many ways to get data into a computer. Procession the data is accomplished within thecomputer itself.8)Being a guest on a talk show requires wit, eloquence, and insight.9)Today, by using telecommunications equipment, CEOs can preside over meetings without leavingfrom their desks.10)I can understand your hopping form job to job in search of something you really love doing, butyou’re rejecting such a generous offer-no!6. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer:1-10 d a c a b b c d d a 11-15 b a c c bAssignment1. Summarize the reasonable doubts the jurors raise within 200 words.2. Give the character of each juror.3. Do the key exerciseslesson5 new wordsabstain 弃权（不投票）alleged （未经证实而）陈述的argument 论据evidenceassume 假想，假设suppose, presumebackyard 后院ballot 无记名投票制breeding-ground 某事物（通常指有害事物）的滋生地burden 负担，重负loadcall for 形势所迫，必须立即采取行动characteristic n. 与众不同的特征peculiaritycharge 指责，控告，指控coincidence 巧合的事chancecollection-box 募捐箱conduct 控制，管理，经营manage, directcoroner 验尸官counselor 律师lawyercourt 法院cross-examination 盘问，详讯，严诘n.customary 合乎习俗的，依照习俗的，习惯上的usual, habitual defendant 被告，被告人accused, offenderdishonesty 不老实，不诚实cheatingdiverge v. 分叉，岔开；分歧elevated 好的，高尚的dignified, nobleexcitable 易激动的，易兴奋的eyewitness 目击者fantastic 了不起的，极好的wonderful, splendid, marvelousfilthy 污秽的，肮脏的muckyfingerprint 指纹first-degree murder 一级谋杀罪flick v. （用轻而快的动作）移动某物flimsy 软弱无力的，不足信的weak, feeble；不结实的，易损坏的foreman 陪审团团长forgery 伪造罪get at v. 意指，暗指grown-up 成年人guilty 有罪的，犯罪的handy 便于拿取的，便于使用的，有用的honestly 的确reallyhumph 哼innocent 无辜的，无罪的，清白的junk 无用或者无价值的东西rubbishlay sb. out 打晕某人liar 说谎者mix up v. 混淆motive 动机，原因cause26 27 28 29 30394041424311。

Lesson Five (Book 1): Angles on a Pin1.Warm-up Questions1) What does the author seem to imply through the story?2) Why is the story entitled “Angels on a Pin”?Word Formationcompetent—competencecalculate—calculationcreate—creation—creativeeducate—educationinstruct—instructionsolve—solutionselect—selection—selectivetempt—temptationmeasure—measurementsystem—systematic2.Not that simple after allHe asked me if I would do him a favor. (Para. 1)1) Offering helpHe asked me to do him a favor. (help, kind act)He asked a favor of me.He asked if I would be kind enough to help him.He asked me for a hand with his work.Can I help you? / What can I do for you?Do you need a hand with that?*May I do you a favor?2) A little deeper understanding of “favor”The mother certainly favored the eldest son. /The queen soon lost/gain favor. (liking, preference) Chance had favored him. He was alone with her. (be in his favor) (make sth possible or easy) We favor John’s Plan (be in favor of) (support)We voted in favor of him (in his favor). / We are in favor of his plan. (to the advantage of sb)3) Don’t get confusedc.f. favorfavorite v./n. The book is one of my favorites. *most favorite (best liked)favorable: ~report/ wind/ condition/ impression/ opportunity (positive)favoritism (practice of giving unfair advantages to the people one likes best)He insisted that he deserved a perfect score.1) There is a world of difference between the two.He insisted that he deserved a perfect score.The girl insisted that Vingo join them. (P.26)He insists that she is careful. (state/ say sth. firmly and assertively) 坚持说，力言He insists that she (should/ shall/ must) be careful. (firmly ask sb. to do sth; demand) 坚持要求2) Sometimes you may produce sentences like these ones:①*He insisted to go with me. (He insisted on/upon going with me.)②*He insisted me to go with him. (He insisted on/upon my going with him.)deserve1) How do you understand the word?He deserves a perfect score. (a reward, praise, recognition, what happened to him)He is entitled to a perfect score. (should get a full mark because of his achievement)2) It’s easy said than done.Your suggestion deserves considering.*Your suggestion deserves being considered.Your suggestion deserves to consider.Your suggestion deserves to be considered.Your suggestion deserves careful consideration.You deserve to succeed.3) Usage: Do these sentences ring a bell?①Your suggestion deserves considering/ consideration.to be considered.②The wall wants painting.to be painted.③Your car needs repairing.to be repaired.Something about the grading systemHe was about to give him a zero.① a falling score/ grade.He was going to flunk/ fail him.②He will give him a score of 80 (points).80 marks (out of 100).③He will give him a perfect score.full marks.high grades (grade A).full credit.Take the matter to an impartial instructor.1) Now you know how it is related to the word “part”.It was only a partial success. (a part of, not complete)The teacher is sometimes partial to (wards) the girls. (in favor of)2) It’s good to know.partialimpartial (unprejudiced, unbiased, non-discriminatory, fair-minded, just)取partial第二义partially (ant. = completely) 有限地，抽象(The man was partially blind.)partly (ant. = wholly) 部分地，具体(The window was made partly of wood and partly of glass.)The examination question said/ read… (Para. 2)1) Have you ever used the word “read” this way?The examination question said: “show how…” (have a certain wording) 上面写着He dashed off his answer, which read: “Take…” (Para. 4)2) “Unusual” meanings of “read”:What does the barometer read? 仪器上的读数为The novel reads well/ like a translation. 读起来The name reads “Benson” not “Fenton”. 应读作How is it possible to…with the aid of a barometer?1) Do you feel “aid” is a more formal word than “help”?Measure the height of a building with the aid of a barometer.with the help ofusing2) Sometimes they can be different.help: v/n 帮助: carries a strong implication of advance toward the end or objectiveaid: v/n 援助: suggest the need of help or relief, also implies the weakness of the oneaided and the strength of the one aiding.assist: assistance/ assistant协助: suggests a secondary role or a subordinate charactere.g. ①The drug will help you to sleep. (can’t help doing/ help yourself to)②The family have lived on government aid for two years.economic/ military aid/ medical aid/ first aid③The students assisted their teacher in the experiment.He had a strong case for full credit. (Para. 3)1) “Cases” are confusing.He made/ had a strong case for his side. (arguments, reasons & facts) 论据The tribe is a typical case of people living in harmony with their environment. (instance, example) I must leave if that’s the case. (true situation)真实情况It’s a serious/ severe case of food poisoning. (disease)疾病The police are on the case. (P.80) (police investigation) 案件The case will be tried in the court. (lawsuit) 诉讼案2) Phrases: a case in point, in any/ no case, in case (of)credit1) MeaningsI bought the book on credit. (i.e. I don’t have to pay for it until some time after I got it.) 赊购(U) She deserved credit for what she had down. (praise, approval, recognition) 赞扬，好评(U)The story is gaining credit. (belief, trust, confidence) 相信，信赖(U)He got full credits for the course. (a successfully completed part of a higher education course) (C) 2) Expansion扩展：credit 信任信用，信贷，信誉，荣誉，赞扬，学分(学习成绩的“信誉卡”) credit—credible—credibility—incredible—incredibilitycredulous—credulity—incredulous—incredulity3) Phrases词组：buy sth on credit 赊帐give credit to/for 信任，赞扬get credit for 得到信任，赞扬to one’s credit (某人)值得赞扬do sb credit 对(某人)有好处，使光荣He appeared to be thinking hard. (Para. 4)1) There are other ways to say so.He appeared to be thinking hard.seemed to belooked as if/ like (he was)2) Is it OK to say:It looked as if he was thinking hard.He had not put down a single word.1) They all have similar meanings.He had not put down a single word. (write down)He dashed off his answer. (write down quickly)2) When “put” is used this way…①Let me put it in another way. / How do I put it in words? (express)②Put simply, we accept their offer or go bankrupt.③I don’t know how to put/ get my idea cross. (make…understood)3) c.f. take down (write down as asked照吩咐记下)noted down (write down in the form of notes记笔记If you prefer a more sophisticated method…sophisticated weapons (complex/ complicated/ advanced)a sophisticated person (worldly, not naïve)He said he was fed up with standard answers to standard questions. (Para. 11)He was fed up with this kind of questions.was tired ofwas bored withhad too much of3.It’s a world of confusionangel/ anglebasement/ cellar地下室cellar地窖atticmeter (metre)1) a device that measures and records the quantity, degree, or rate of sth. (the amount of gas or electricity that you have used or the amount of money that you must pay for a taxi ride.)2) a metric unit of length. It is equal to 100 centimeters, or to 39.37 inches.kilometerthermometer centimeterspeedometer millimeterprinciple/ principal1) compare2) A little difference in meaning:①He is a man of principle. (a general/ basic rule you have to obey) 道德原则，行为准则②She abandoned her principle③These machines work on the same principle. (scientific laws) 科学原理3) Prepositions create difference:按照原则，根据原则原则上，基本上string（棉，毛，丝）线（用于缝纫及纺织）string (羊毛或棉等制成的)细绳cord（捆绑东西用的）细绳，粗线rope粗绳wire金属线，电线cable 金属巨缆chain链条ribbon丝带in/ inner/ innermost原级) inner(比较级) innermost (最高级) inner较里面的inner circle/ room/ part/ lifeouter outermostc.f. internal 内部的，内在的，体内的internal affairs/ trade/ injuriesexternalinterior 内部的，户内的，内地的(常作名词) the interior of the house/ the interior内地exterior an interior roominward 向内的，朝里的inward movement/ faith/ happiness (内在的)outwardproportion/ rate/ ratio比例(关系)，均衡Rate率, 速度，价格比率，比值1) filling the blanks.①It was reported that the ratio of divorced couples to married couples reached 1 to 2 in 2002 in Beijing.据统计，2002年北京的离婚对数与结婚对数的比例达到了1比2。

Unit 5Unit 5 Section A Graceful HandsI. GreetingsII. Review:Have a dictation of the new words from Unit 4:approve, affection, exaggerate, version, fame, solemn, inspire, stretch, settlement, reputation, contract, evolve, astonish, annual, bare, distinct, comprise, imaginary, feature, illustration, influential, plunge, gratitude, distributionIII. Start the new lesson:1. IntroductionMrs. Clark was seriously ill and would die soon. She was just a skeleton at that time. The nurse accompany her finishing her rest of life. She was the mother of seven, grandmother of eighteen and a concert piano player. Her graceful hands impressed the nurse greatly.2. Discourse analysis:Part I (Paras 1-4): The lean Mrs. Clark was dying.Part II (Para 5): The nurse looked after her, who was too weak for anything.Part III (Paras 6-7): The exchange between the nurse and Mrs. Clark.Part IV (Para 8): The nurse was glad that she was there when Mrs. Clark died.Part V (Para 9): After Mrs. Clark died, the nurse knew what she was.Part VI (Para 10): Mrs. Clark’s hands impressed the nurse greatly.3. language points:1. precede: v. 1) come or go just in front ofHe came into the room preceded by a small dog.2) be earlier thanThe week that preceded National Day had seen days of heavy rain.2. decay: n. the action or state of gradually going badDental/tooth decay in children is a common phenomenon all over the world.vi. 1) become bad; rotThe cabbage had already started to decay.2) fall to a worse state; lose health, power…At that time, the Roman Empire had already decayed.As people grow old, they will decay mentally as well as physically.3. slide: v. 1) (cause to) move smoothly—slidThe children slid around on the polished floor.2) ( cause to ) move quietlyTom slid out of the house when no one was noticing.An elderly lady slid into the seat when the movie had already started.3) slide intoThe boy slid into the bad habit of smoking.4) gradually change to a worse state or conditionDon’t sell your stocks just because the price starts to slide.The prices of small computers slide fast.n. slide showPresentations with overhead projection or slides may soon look old-fashioned.4. ease: v. 1) relieve; lessenTake this medicine and it will ease the pain./ The aspirin eased his headache.2) make more comfortableI eased her mind by telling her that the children were safe.n. 1) leisure; peace of mindThe retired couple lived a life of ease.2) with ease, the ability to do sth. without difficultyHe writes with ease. / Our team won the game with ease.The wall is so low that they can jump over it with ease.5. outline: n. 1) line(s) showing the shape or outer edge (of sth)She could see the outline of a person through the mist.2) a statement of the main facts or pointsa brief outline of Chinese historyvi. give a short general description of (sth)Let me outline a few of the obstacles that we might encounter in our future work. 6. hint: n. 1) a slight indicationGive me a hint so that I can solve the riddle.2) a subtle way of indicating to sb. what one is thinking or what one wantsThe book is full of hints and tips on low-fat eating and healthy living.v. suggest sth slightly or indirectlyI hinted to him that I was dissatisfied with his work.7. interval: n. 1) a period between two events or times, or the space between two pointsThere was a long interval before he replied.2) a brief period between the parts of performanceI like to eat ice cream in the interval./ Coffee is available during intervals.at intervals (of)He is likely to need to rest at frequent intervals.Trees are planted at intervals of three feet in this area.8. blank: a. 1) empty: I tried to explain, but he just gave me a blank look.Emily turned to him with a blank expression.2) carrying no information or markPlease write your name in the blank space at the top of the page.He turned on the TV but nothing was happening--- a blank screen.n. an empty spaceWhen I tried to remember his name, my mind was a complete blank.When you have completed the blank, send it back to me.IV. Summary:Mrs. Clark was seriously ill and would die soon. She was just a skeleton at that time. The nurse accompany her finishing her rest of life. She was the mother of seven,grandmother of eighteen and a concert piano player. Her graceful hands impressed the nurse greatly.V. Homework Write a composition entitled “Laying-off”.Section B Decisions of the HeartI. GreetingsII. Review:1. Answer the question: Why was the word “graceful”used to describe the grandmother?2. Have a dictation of one paragraph.III. Start the new lesson:1. IntroductionDecisions of the heart actually refer to making patients die without pain. That is to say, in order to alleviate their suffering, the lives of the patients who are seriously ill and hopeless shouldn’t be prolonged by modern medical technology. Doctors shoe the situation of the patient to the families, and they cooperate to decide whether or not the doctor let the patient die without any pain. Under any possible circumstances, the patient should be consulted.2. Discourse analysis:Part I (Paras 1-5): The author gives us a question that what we should do if our90-year-old mother has suffered a stroke.Part II(Paras 6-12): As a doctor, he tells us the measures we should take according to his experience.Part I (Paras 13-17): In this case, the sensible decision is to put the patient’s interest in the first place.3. language points:1. ( all ) on one’s own 1) aloneJohn lives all on his own. / I need some time on my own.2) without helpI managed to repair the car all on my own.She is old enough to do it on her own.Compare: of one’s ownKate has always wanted a car of her own. / You see, we have problems of our own. 2. come along: arrive; appearIs your daughter married yet?No, she’s still waiting for Mr. Right to come along.They had no idea if success would come along one day.3. condemn: vt. criticize strongly, usu. for moral reasonsEast and west leaders join in condemning violence and killing.The author condemned racism in the strongest language in this article.condemn sb to : 1) make sb. take or accept sth. unpleasantHis broken leg condemned him to a wheelchair.2) punish sb with sthIn former times a murderer who was found guilty would be condemned to death.Compare: condemn sb/sth for: have a poor opinion of sb or sth because of sth bad The city was condemned for its high crime rate.4. fight off: keep sth away with an effort; avoid sb. unwantedI must wear warm clothes, as I am fighting off this cold.The firm had to fight off a lot of competitors to win the contract.Compare: fight against: oppose sth or doing sthI tried to fight against sleep, but in vain.We must fight against unfairness and cruelty.5. vain: a. 1) unsuccessful or useless; of no valueNext day I made a vain attempt to look for work, walking from house to house.2) too interested in one’s own appearance or achievementsI think she is a rather vain girl and thinking too much about her figure.Was he as calculating and vain as that?in vain: with no result; uselesslyOur efforts were not in vain and the situation began to improve.Her voice was beginning to rise and she tried in vain to control it.6. withdraw: v. 1) pull or take (sb/sth) back or awayJack withdrew the key from the table. / Mary withdrew 100 pounds from the bank. She was not surprised when he withdrew his objection.2) go away from a place or from other peopleThe smaller company later withdrew from the competition.7. come by: 1) obtain, usu. By effortJobs are hard to come by now with so many people out of work.Did you come by the money honestly?2) receive by accident or chance; getHow did you come by that wound in your arm?8. Chances are (that)…: It is likely that…Chances are that he won’t come back when he gets there.Chances are that She’ll marry the man who is now her boss.9. bring in: ask sb. to come to one’s helpWe may have to bring extra workers in to help us with this big job.A specialist was brought in to set up the new computer system.10. bar: vt. 1) prevent from doing or using sthIf I were in charge, I would bar tourists from getting into the wildlife reserve.He was barred for life from game.2) obstruct so as to prevent progressNo policeman seemed brave enough to bar his way.IV. Summary: We learn a lot of new words and phrases as well as grammars. We also learn many things about reading skills—understanding idiomatic expressions. V. Do the exercisesVI. Homework: Review all the lessons.。

Lesson 31.Yet globalization… “is a reality, not a choice”.Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is alreadya matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.2.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault”.3.…where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the uppe rhand……in China, the two trends of closed—door and open—door policies have long been struggling for dominance.4.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will haveshowers that work.The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.5.Westernization… is a phenomenon shot with inconsistencies and populated byvery strange bedfellows.…westernization is a concept full of self—contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.6.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you do not need to be fashionable yourself. All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant.7.He… was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet with people living in different time zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.8.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising ＄100,000.The Gucci store did not expect that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai business could be so good.9.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide methrough the wilds of global culture.From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global cultures as globalization, to guide me through such a variety of cultural phenomena.10.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.Lesson 31.Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shiftof habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, “globalization”.今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛，一种习俗与追求的结构性变化，用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。