名词性从句
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一、定义
名词性从句是由if.whether,that和这种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功能同名词一样。
二、连接词
从属连词,有词义,但不做成分 that(无词义),whether,if(是否),as if/as though(好像)
连接代词,有词义,做主,宾,表,定语成分 what,who,whom,whose,which
whoever,whatever,whichever
连接副词,有词义,做状语成分 when,where,how,why
三、分类
1.主语从句
What we saw in the Olympics was encouraging.
It is exciting that Yangwei won a gold medal in the Olympics.
注意:
1) 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语,句型有:
A. It+be+adj+that从句 eg. It is certain that he told her everything.
B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor, a pity,no surprise,etc)+that 从句
eg. It’s a pity that we can’t go.
C.It+be+PP(said,reported,thought,announced,etc)+that从句
eg.It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
D.It doesn’t mater(make no difference,etc)+连接代词/副词引导的从句
eg.It doesn’t matter so much whether/if you will come or not.你是否来无关紧要。
1 名 词 性 从 句
在句子中起名词作用的各种从句,统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中所起的语法作用,这类从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
分类 词 形 词 义 作从句的成分
连
接
词 that
whether(或if) 是否
连接代词 who(ever) (无论)谁[主格] 主、表、宾
whom(ever) (无论)谁[宾格] 宾
whose(ever) (无论)谁的[所有格] 定
which(ever) (无论)哪一个(些) 主,宾,表,定
what(ever) (无论)什么,…东西 主,宾,表,定
分类 词 形 词
义 作从句的成分
连
接
副
词 when 什么时间 状
where 什么地方 状
how 怎样,如何 状
why 为什么 状 宾语从句
1.作动词的宾语
①大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后:
He doesn’t know where the post office is. 他不知道邮局在哪里。
②有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语:
He told me what I should read. 他已告诉我应该读些什么。
③如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it,而将从句放到补足语后面:
I thought it strange that he failed to call me.
④在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后的宾语从句中,如果从句谓语是否定含义,则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式:
I don’t think you are right.
*⑤在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 等动词以及I’m afraid等后,可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句,还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句:
名词性从句
1. 名词性从句的定义
名词性从句是起名词作用的从句,这些从句可以作为一个整体来看,其作用就相当于一个名词,在复合句中作主语,宾语,表语和同位语。名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句四种。
2. 名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句通常由一个连接词和主句相连。连接词很重要,它既是联系主句的纽带,又是从句的标志,通过连接词,我们可以辨认不同从句的性质。
一. 从属连接词(在从句中不充当任何成分,只起到连接从句的功能)
A. that 只是引导名词性从句,本身并没有实际意义,在从句中不充当任何句子成分。
That he will come to the meeting is certain.(主语从句)
The fact remains that we are behind the other group.(同位语从句)
B. if 和whether 具有“是否”的意义,但是whether比较正式,在口语中人们经常if, if 和whether在名词性从句中尽管不充当任何的成分,但不可以省略。
C. whether不能替代if的情况
1. if只能引导宾语从句(做介词宾语的情况除外),而whether 可以引导所有的名词性从句。
She asked if/ whether that was enough.
Whether the football match will be played depends on the whether.
The question is whether we can arrive there on bus.
2. whether引导宾语从句做介词的宾语,if没有这种用法
It depends on whether it will be fine.
3. whether后紧跟不定式
He was wondering whether to go home.
名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句,它们在复合句中的功用相当于名词,因此称为名词性从句,在句中分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
1.When he will come is still unknown.
2.I don’t know who has watered the fields.
3.The problem is that we need more money.
4.Have you heard the news that our team won the game?
1. 主语从句:在复合句中作句子主语的从句。
引导词:连词that、whether;疑问代词who, what, which;
疑问副词when, where, how, why
(1) 连词that(无词意), whether(是否), 在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用;
whether能引导主语从句,而if不能。
That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me.
Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.
(2)疑问代词who, what, which, 在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.
What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.
Which school will win the prize is not known.
Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.