(英语)高考英语试题真题分类汇编非谓语动词含解析
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(英语)高考英语试题真题分类汇编非谓语动词含解析
一、单项选择非谓语动词
1.(北京)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to
elephants.
A.ranging B.range
C.to range D.ranged
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:国家公园有许多的野生动物,包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系,用现在分词,故选A。
考点:考查非谓语动词。
[名师点睛]
现在分词和过去分词的区别:
在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义;
在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如:falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶
分词的作用
作定语
单个分词作定语,分词前置。如:
The sleeping boy is my son.
The excited people rushed into the building.
分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分词如give,left等作定语也后置。如:
The girl standing under the tree is my niece.
The building built last year is our library.
过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:Most of
the people invited to the party were famous scientists
作状语
现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)
Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.
Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).
Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)
He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)
He came running to tell me the good news. (方式) 注意:
选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出,分词就用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。试比较:
(Being)Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。
分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致,如果不一致,就用独立主格结构,即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。
作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征,过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如:
The film is touching.
The glass is broken.
作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样,在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如:
I smell something burning.
I heard him singing the song.
I heard my name called.
作插入语
其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到
strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断
all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如:
Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。
2.The recent financial crisis into account, the Japanese boss back on the number of
employees working for him.
A.taking; cuts B.was taken; cut
C.taken; cut D.to take; cutting
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查过去分词和一般过去时。句意:考虑到最近的金融危机,日本老板削减了为他工作的员工人数。分析句子可知,本句为一般过去时,主语为故the Japanese boss ,谓语为cut。The recent financial crisis 与take在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词。C选项正确。
3.After a decade or so, out of choices, he returned to where he’d begun, ashamed at having
so little to show for his wanderings.
A.being run B.running
C.to run D.having run
【答案】D 【解析】
【详解】
考查现在分词。句意:大约十年后,在没有选择的情况下,他回到了他开始的地方,为自己的拼搏没有什么收获而感到羞愧。run out of “用光,耗尽” 与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。故D选项正确。
【点睛】
非谓语动词是考试考查的重点,要掌握它的用法。首先,要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次,要知道非谓语动词的三种形式:现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。再次,要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生,还是将要发生。其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要。
分析句子可知,本句的主语为he,谓语为returned, run out of “用光,耗尽”为非谓语 与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return的之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。故D选项正确。
4.The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _______ right from wrong.
A.distinguished B.distinguishing
C.to distinguish D.to be distinguished
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:首先have difficult /trouble doing sth是固定词组。The lecture mainly deals with
the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong在这个句子中,deal with的宾语是trouble,所以后面的句子是修饰trouble这个词的定语从句。
考点:固定用法考查
点评:对于固定用法,平时一定要多归纳、总结和记忆。
5.The man fell to the ground, his left foot_____ and blood ____ down from his mouth.
A.breaking;running B.broken;running
C.breaking ; run D.broken; run
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查独立主格结构。句意:那人摔倒在地,左脚骨折,血从嘴里往下流。当分词做状语的时候,如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语没有关系,就在分词的前面直接加上逻辑主语,形成独立主格结构,该结构在作用上相当于一个状语从句。本句中的第一空的名词his left
foot与动词break构成逻辑上的被动关系,故使用过去分词。第二空的名词blood与动词run构成主动关系,故使用现在分词。故选B。
6.224. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ behind his back. A.being mopped B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:那个谋杀犯被带了进来,手被捆在背后。with的宾语his hands与动词tie构成被动的关系,故使用过去分词。故选D。
7.When ___________ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very
interesting and rewarding.
A.asking B.asked
C.having asked D.to be asked
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:当马克被问做教师这个职业时的看法。他说他发现这个工作是非常有趣和值得的。这里when引导的省略句,完整的是when he was asked his view about his job as a
teacher,这里当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,并且从句的谓语动词有be时,这时从句的主语与be同时省略,故选B。
考点:考查省略的用法。
点评:本题难度适中。为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略。它是高中阶段的重要的语法项目,需要考生仔细分析句子结构,来确定省略的内容。这里考生容易误选A。
即学即练:He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship,______ is more true
than any other.
A.once gained B.when to gain
C.after gaining D.while gaining
解析:A。考查省略句。once gained =" once" it is gained。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词时,可省略从句中的主语和谓语部分。