2004年华宝空调批发商政策(分公司)(1)

2004年汽车产业发展政策2004年，中国汽车产业发展政策迎来了重要的调整和改革。

这一年，中国政府发布了一系列的政策措施，旨在促进汽车产业的发展，实现汽车工业化进程。

这些政策的实施对于中国汽车产业的发展起到了积极的推动作用。

首先，2004年中国政府出台了一系列促进汽车消费的政策。

其中包括降低汽车关税和增值税，减少购车税费负担，提高汽车金融服务的可获得性等。

这些政策的出台，使得消费者购买汽车的成本得到明显的降低，从而刺激了汽车消费的增长。

同时，政府还推出了汽车消费补贴政策，对于购买新能源汽车的消费者提供了一定的奖励和优惠。

这些政策的实施，为中国汽车产业的发展注入了新的动力。

其次，2004年政府还推出了一系列促进汽车制造业发展的政策。

其中包括扩大汽车制造业对外开放，引进外资并鼓励外资企业在中国设立生产基地；支持国内汽车企业进行技术创新和研发，提升汽车产品的质量和竞争力；加强对汽车产业链上下游企业的支持，提升整个产业的发展水平。

这些政策的实施，为中国汽车制造业的升级和转型提供了有力的支持和保障。

此外，2004年政府还加大了对环境保护和节能减排的力度，出台了一系列的环保政策。

其中包括鼓励和推动汽车企业开展节能减排技术研发，提高汽车燃油效率，减少尾气排放；加强对高污染排放汽车的限制和整治；推广新能源汽车的应用和推广。

这些政策的实施，对于提高中国汽车产业的环境友好性，推动可持续发展起到了积极的作用。

综上所述，2004年中国汽车产业发展政策的出台，对于汽车产业的发展起到了重要的推动作用。

通过促进汽车消费、支持汽车制造业发展以及加强环境保护和节能减排，政府为中国汽车产业的升级和转型提供了有力的支持和保障。

这些政策的实施，促进了中国汽车产业的进一步快速发展，并为中国汽车产业在全球市场的竞争中赢得了更大的优势。

未来，我们可以期待中国汽车产业在政策的引导和市场的培育下实现更加卓越的发展。

2004年宏观调控大事记2004年春节刚过，国务院便召开电视电话会议，要求严格控制部分行业过度投资，明确提出要制止钢铁、电解铝和水泥行业的过度投资。

随后，中央金融工作会议要求，要加强货币信贷调控，严格控制这些行业的贷款。

银监会开始对钢铁、水泥、电解铝三大行业的信贷资金进行专项检查，此后，国家环保总局、证监会、国土资源部也加入检查队伍。

3月，国家发改委宣布，原则上不再新批钢铁企业，不再审批电解铝生产建设项目，严格禁止新建和扩建有关水泥生产项目。

3月24日，央行宣布从4月25日起，实行差别存款准备金率制度，同时实行再贷款浮息制度。

4月9日，温家宝总理主持召开国务院常务会议时强调，要进一步采取有力措施，有效遏制投资过快增长势头，保持经济平稳较快发展，同时强调必须适度控制货币信贷增长。

4月25日，国务院发出通知，提高钢铁、电解铝、水泥、房地产开发投资项目的资本金比例，其中，钢铁业资本金比例由原来的25％提高到40％，水泥、电解铝、房地产开发由原来的20％提高到35％。

4月26日，中共中央政治局召开会议，要求统一思想，控制经济过热。

4月28日，温家宝主持召开国务院常务会议，研究整顿土地市场治理工作，责成江苏省和金融监管部门对铁本项目涉及的有关责任人作出严肃处理。

4月29日，国务院发出通知，决定花半年左右时间集中整顿土地市场，要求各地各部门在一个半月内对所有在建、拟建固定资产投资项目进行全面清理。

重点清理钢铁、电解铝、水泥、党政机关办公楼和培训中心、城市快速轨道交通、高尔夫球场等项目以及2004年以来所有新开工的项目。

4月30日，央行、国家发改委、银监会联合下发《关于进一步加强产业政策和信贷政策协调配合，控制信贷风险有关问题的通知》，要求进一步控制信贷规模，降低风险。

4月30日，中共中央总书记胡锦涛在江苏考察期间强调，中央已经就遏制固定资产投资过快增长问题作出了部署，各地各部门一定要把思想统一到中央的决策上来，增强大局意识和责任意识，必须牢固树立和认真落实科学发展观。

返利结算培训资料_销售返利结算返利结算培训资料一、返利的分类1、从原始数据的获取分有三类：（1）根据商家销售额来设置奖项，比如：全年销售奖励、月度提货奖励等；（2）根据商家投款额来设置奖项，比如：淡季投款奖励、淡季投款补息等；（3）根据商家机型提货数量和单价来设置奖项，比如：前期提货回补奖、提货通补奖、库存补差、买1送300元电费、提货台阶奖励（买10送1）等。

2、从奖励结算的时间段分有四类：月度、季度、年度和任意时段（如空调2003年的淡季奖励即从2002.9.1-2003.3.31）。

3、从奖励形式划分有多种：淡季投款贴息、促销活动奖励、库存补差、工程机优惠、客户激励、特殊批文、年终返利等。

营销本部签发每月营销政策二、返利结算的流程（暂定）营销财务处返利结算主办于每月底的25-31号根据当月所有营销政策，制定分公司结算通知及标准报表，经营销本部会签后，于次月的3号前下发至营销财务处各区域主管和各分公司支持科，各区域主管每次必须确认支持科已收到结算通知及附表。

分公司支持科结算人员根据总部下发的结算文件和营销政策，于每月的15号前，完成上月结算任务，经支持科长和分公司经理审核后，上报总部营销财务处区域主管。

营销财务处区域主管于每月18号之前，收集、整理、审核及打印所管辖区域的分公司结算报表，并报至返利汇总员处汇总，再报财务部结算主办审核，最终报各级领导批准。

集团各级领导批准之后，营销财务处返利汇总员于1个工作日内，将上月各类奖励结算报表盖上“营销财务部”公章后，将原件寄至分公司支持科；并存档一份。

分公司支持科会计人员在收到总部结算报表审批原件之后，于1个工作日内，立即入帐（利息台帐或财务往来帐），并向商家出具“奖励通知函”。

结算完毕。

营销财务处经理及部长于每月25号之前，审批完毕；财务督察于每月28号之前，审批完毕。

三、关于返利结算报表的审核营销财务处各区域主管，在审核每月结算报表之前，必须认真阅读理解相关营销政策、每月的结算通知和附表下“备注”所列填报报表的注意事项。

国务院关于投资体制改革的决定国发〔2004〕20号各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院各部委、各直属机构：改革开放以来，国家对原有的投资体制进行了一系列改革，打破了传统计划经济体制下高度集中的投资管理模式，初步形成了投资主体多元化、资金来源多渠道、投资方式多样化、项目建设市场化的新格局。

但是，现行的投资体制还存在不少问题，特别是企业的投资决策权没有完全落实，市场配置资源的基础性作用尚未得到充分发挥，政府投资决策的科学化、民主化水平需要进一步提高，投资宏观调控和监管的有效性需要增强。

为此，国务院决定进一步深化投资体制改革。

一、深化投资体制改革的指导思想和目标(一)深化投资体制改革的指导思想是：按照完善社会主义市场经济体制的要求，在国家宏观调控下充分发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用，确立企业在投资活动中的主体地位，规范政府投资行为，保护投资者的合法权益，营造有利于各类投资主体公平、有序竞争的市场环境，促进生产要素的合理流动和有效配置，优化投资结构，提高投资效益，推动经济协调发展和社会全面进步。

(二)深化投资体制改革的目标是：改革政府对企业投资的管理制度，按照“谁投资、谁决策、谁收益、谁承担风险”的原则，落实企业投资自主权；合理界定政府投资职能，提高投资决策的科学化、民主化水平，建立投资决策责任追究制度；进一步拓宽项目融资渠道，发展多种融资方式；培育规范的投资中介服务组织，加强行业自律，促进公平竞争；健全投资宏观调控体系，改进调控方式，完善调控手段；加快投资领域的立法进程；加强投资监管，维护规范的投资和建设市场秩序。

通过深化改革和扩大开放，最终建立起市场引导投资、企业自主决策、银行独立审贷、融资方式多样、中介服务规范、宏观调控有效的新型投资体制。

二、转变政府管理职能，确立企业的投资主体地位(一)改革项目审批制度，落实企业投资自主权。

彻底改革现行不分投资主体、不分资金来源、不分项目性质，一律按投资规模大小分别由各级政府及有关部门审批的企业投资管理办法。

2005年10月，“2006年科龙的产销目标是：冰箱450万台，空调300万套”，在科龙新任总裁、原海信空调公司总经理汤业国中气十足的话语声中，跨入海信时代的科龙电器面对全国正式公布了新科龙的施政纲领以及营销战略。

这是科龙电器在海信入主之后，首次召开的营销战略与产品推介会。

台下，来自全国各地的经销商、供应商以及媒体人士，显然想尽可能多地发现一些什么话语外的信息，眼睛在四处巡视着什么。

看着旁边发布的2006年新产品展台，有人似乎在猜想着什么：展台上，囊括了“科龙”、“容声”、“华宝”三大品牌的数十款产品，然而，还是有明显的不同的，顾雏军入主科龙后创立的“康拜恩”品牌已经悄然不见了。

对于善于揣摩弦外之音的中国人来说，这无疑是一个极强的信号。

会后，有媒体记者便迫不及待地问从事会务工作的科龙整合传播部人士了，答案也很快就上报了：科龙会逐步收缩康拜恩品牌，有可能会另外租给其他企业，或者选择令其慢慢退出市场。

大凡企业重组，人事更迭，每一位新领导上台，总会出台一些新的规章制度或实施新的举措。

“新官上任三把火”，也就是这个道理。

而新政伊始，以前领导的一些烙印大致也会随之消失，淡出历史的舞台。

康拜恩似乎就是如此，科龙的顾雏军时代结束了，老顾一手打造的康拜恩也将终结其“COM-BINE联合收割机”的使命。

但是，对康拜恩做一番探讨，对科龙这样一个实施多品牌战略的企业来说，自有它的特殊意义。

可以说，康拜恩是科龙产品中的一个变种，又是曾经搅得国内白电市场风生水起的一个品牌，对于顾氏科龙来说，更有特殊意义的是，它是顾雏军养大的孩子，康拜恩的沉浮，从某种意义上就可以看做是顾雏军本人的影像，是顾雏军的性格的一个缩影。

为什么这么说？请看——康拜恩作为特制低价的品牌，专门走农村包围城市的道路，在其他品牌还纷纷在血拼一线市场的时候，大力开辟三四级市场，这一特立独行的举措，反映的正是顾雏军本人独特而敏锐的视角、对产业、时势的超常把握能力；推出康拜恩这一新品牌，对“科龙多品牌战略很难成功”的专家嗤之以鼻，不是缩短战线，而是继续拓宽品牌，且不为舆论左右，反映的正是顾雏军不按常理出牌的思维方式；在康拜恩销量蒸蒸日上的时候，推出限价政策，坚定地对违反政策的经销商严厉罚款，以求最大限度、最快速的唤醒三四级市场，反映了顾雏军理想化的精神世界，正是在这种理想主义的指引下，顾雏军为打造一个家电帝国梦，收购了西泠、齐洛瓦等众多冰箱生产线，还一并想将客车业也做进世界主流……康拜恩辉煌时刻的昙花一现，也正像顾雏军本人的产业轨迹。

国务院机关事务管理局、中共中央直属机关事务管理局关于印发《中央和国家机关公务移动通讯费补贴管理办法》的通知（国管财[2004]5号2004年1月8日）中央和国家机关各部门、各单位：根据党的十六届三中全会《关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》的有关精神，为规范职务消费，进一步改革和完善移动通讯工具管理制度，提高工作效率，控制经费支出，促进机关党风廉政建设，我们会同财政部、监察部制定了《中央和国家机关公务移动通讯费用补贴管理办法》。

经报国务院同意，现印发给你们，请按照执行。

中央和国家机关公务移动通讯费用补贴管理办法第一条根据党的十五届六中全会《关于加强和改进党的作风建设的决定》和十六届三中全会《关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》精神，为规范职务消费，进一步改革和完善移动通讯工具管理制度，提高工作效率，控制经费支出，促进机关党风廉政建设，特制定本办法。

第二条自本办法实施之日起，停止用公款为机关工作人员公务活动购置或配备无线移动电话、寻呼机，与此相关的各项费用一律由个人自理，对机关工作人员按职级和工作需要发放公务移动通讯费用补贴，具体标准为：部级每人每月300元；司(局)级每人每月240元；处级每人每月180元；科级每人每月130元；科级以下每人每月80元；高级技师、技师每人每月130元，其他工勤人员每人每月80元。

移动通讯费用补贴在“邮电费”科目中列支。

第三条各部门特殊工作岗位人员，可在规定的补贴标准之外，按不同岗位情况每月另行增加100元或150元的补贴。

特殊工作岗位人员是指：党和国家领导同志办公室工作人员、部门领导同志秘书、工作流动性较大的工作人员等。

各部门可根据实际情况，研究提出本部门特殊工作岗位的意见，分别报国务院机关事务管理局、中共中央直属机关事务管理局商财政部审批。

第四条机关工作人员离休、退休的，停发公务移动通讯补贴费。

特殊工作岗位人员变动工作后，不再享受另行增加的补贴。

怎样当好一个称职的新闻记者通过这么多年来的新闻采访，我感觉到要当好一个称职的新闻记者要从以下几个方面做起：一是要深入生活，广交朋友，才能获取更多的线索资源。

新闻界的老前辈、新华社老社长穆青曾经说过：“要发动我们的记者深入到群众中去，访问工人、农民、基层干部、知识分子、解放军战士，了解他们的欢乐和苦恼，倾听他们的意见和要求，用实录性文体将它们朴素地再现出来，使我们的报道能够反映各个阶层的声音，使读者透过我们的报道能够了解社会上各种人的心态，了解人们都在想什么，希望些什么？”他还说：“倡导写实录性新闻，最重要的是使我们的编辑、记者能直接听到群众的要求、愿望、呼声，使我们的思想感情与群众贴得更近一些，使我们与群众保持一种实在的联系。

”穆青这些话的中心意思，就是要记者和群众打成一片，建立密切的联系，才能获取到好的新闻线索，写出好的新闻稿件。

我1993年从美术编辑改任摄影记者时，刚开始心里直打鼓，不知道从哪儿下手，到哪儿去找新闻线索，我就去找当时我们的贾汉总编，贾汉总编就告诉我：他说，首先要广交朋友，上至政府官员，下至街头修鞋的，各行各业你都要有结交的朋友，因为他们处的位置不同，接触的生活环境不同，听到的、看到的也不同，因此给你提供的信息源也不同，这样你掌握的新闻素材会更丰富。

其次，要放下记者的架子，要学习北京晚报摄影部主任司马小萌的做法，当一个“自行车记者”，“扫”大街、钻胡同，转村庄，进楼院，你按照我说的认真去做，如果转一天拍不到新闻照片，我一天赔你100块钱。

我听了贾汉总编的话之后，很受启发，便按照他说的去做，果然很有成效，我记得第一次交稿子时，交了两张照片，一张是反映夜间街头自行车修理摊的，它打破了当时《平顶山晚报》没有昨夜新闻照片的状况，另一张是表现母女同当清洁工，清扫一条马路的照片，交到版上后，两张同时都发出来了，版面编辑对我说：“中，李英平搭锯都有沫”。

尝到这种做法的甜头之后，我就一直到现在都坚持这样做，每天除了有突发新闻坐车去采访之外，就是把骑自行车下去采访当成自己的采访方式，也就是通过这种采访方式拉近了和群众的距离，结交了一大批各行各业的朋友，他们不管走到哪儿，遇到新鲜事、突发事都跟我打电话联系。

COMMISSION DIRECTIVE2004/104/ECof14October2004adapting to technical progress Council Directive72/245/EEC relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility)of vehicles and amending Directive70/156/EEC on the approxi-mation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles andtheir trailers(Text with EEA relevance)THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,Having regard to Council Directive70/156/EEC of6February 1970on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers(1),and in particular Article13(2)thereof,Having regard to Council Directive72/245/EEC of20June 1972relating to the radio interference(electromagnetic compat-ibility)of vehicles(2),and in particular Article4thereof,Whereas:(1)Directive72/245/EEC is one of the separate directivesunder the type-approval procedure established byDirective70/156/EEC.(2)Since1995,when Directive72/245/EEC was amended,there has been a considerable increase in the number ofelectrical and electronic components fitted to motorvehicles.Such components now control not onlycomfort,information and entertainment devices buteven certain safety-relevant functions.(3)In the light of the experience gained since theamendment to Directive72/245/EEC,it is no longernecessary for after-market equipment unrelated to safetyfunctions to be regulated by a Directive specificallyconcerning electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)in theautomobile sector.For such equipment it is sufficientto obtain a Declaration of Conformity in accordancewith the procedures laid down in Council Directive89/336/EEC of3May1989on the approximation of thelaws of the Member States relating to electromagneticcompatibility(3)and in Directive1999/5/EC of theEuropean Parliament and of the Council of9March1999on radio equipment and telecommunicationsterminal equipment and the mutual recognition of theirconformity(4).(4)The EMC requirements and test provisions for electricaland electronic equipment have constantly been updatedthrough the standardisation work of the InternationalSpecial Committee on Radio Interference(CISPR)andthe International Organisation for Standardisation(ISO).It is therefore appropriate to refer in this Directive to thetest procedures outlined in the recent editions of therelevant standards.(5)Directive72/245/EEC should therefore be amendedaccordingly.(6)The amendments to Directive72/245/EEC have animpact on Directive70/156/EEC.It is thereforenecessary to amend that directive accordingly.(7)The measures provided for in this Directive are inaccordance with the opinion of the Committee for Adap-tation to Technical Progress established by Directive70/156/EEC,HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:Article1The Annexes to Directive72/245/EEC are replaced by the Annexes to this Directive.(1)OJ L42,23.2.1970,p.1.Directive as last amended by CommissionDirective2004/78/EC(OJ L153,30.4.2004,p.103).(2)OJ L152,6.7.1972,p.15.Directive as last amended by Directive95/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(OJ L266,8.11.1995,p.1).(3)OJ L139,23.5.1989,p.19.Directive as last amended by Directive93/68/EEC(OJ L220,30.8.1993,p.1).(4)OJ L91,7.4.1999,p.10.Article21.With effect from1January2006,for vehicles, components or separate technical units which comply with the provisions laid down in Annexes I to X to Directive 72/245/EEC as amended by this Directive,no Member State may,on grounds relating to electromagnetic compatibility:(a)refuse to grant EC type-approval,or national type-approvalor(b)prohibit registration,sale or entry into service.2.With effect from1July2006,for a type of vehicle, component or separate technical unit where the requirements laid down in Annexes I to X to Directive72/245/EEC,as amended by this Directive,are not fulfilled,Member States, on grounds related to electromagnetic compatibility:(a)shall no longer grant EC type-approval,and(b)may refuse to grant national type-approval.3.With effect from1January2009,if the provisions laid down in Annexes I to X to Directive72/245/EEC,as amended by this Directive,are not fulfilled,Member States,on grounds related to electromagnetic compatibility:(a)shall consider certificates of conformity which accompanynew vehicles in accordance with the provisions of Directive 70/156/EEC to be no longer valid for the purposes of Article7(1)of that Directive;(b)may refuse the registration,sale or entry into service of newvehicles.4.As from1January2009,the provisions laid down in Annexes I to X to Directive72/245/EEC,as amended by this Directive,relating to electromagnetic compatibility,shall apply to components or separate technical units for the purposes of Article7(2)of Directive70/156/EEC.Article3Directive70/156/EEC is amended as follows:1.Annex I is amended as follows:(a)the following line is added to point0.5:‘Name and address of authorised representative,if any:’(b)the following point is inserted:‘12.7.Table of installation and use of RF transmitters in the vehicle(s),if applicable(see Annex I,3.1.8.):frequencybands(Hz)max.outputpower(W)antenna position at vehicle,specific conditions forinstallation and/or useThe applicant for type-approval must also supply,whereappropriate:Appendix1A list(with make(s)and type(s)of all electrical and/orelectronic components concerned by this Directive(seepoints2.1.9and2.1.10)and not previously listed.Appendix2Schematics or drawing of the general arrangement ofelectrical and/or electronic components(concerned bythis Directive)and the general wiring harnessarrangement.Appendix3Description of vehicle chosen to represent the typeBody style:Left or right hand drive:Wheelbase:Appendix4Relevant test report(s)supplied by the manufacturer orapproved/recognised laboratories for the purpose ofdrawing up the type-approval certificate.’2.In Annex III,Section A,the following line is added to point0.5:‘Name and address of authorised representative,if any:’.Article4Transposition1.Member States shall adopt and publish,by31December 2005at the latest,the laws,regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive.They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those provisions and a correlation table between those provisions and this Directive.They shall apply those provisions from1January2006.When Member States adopt those provisions,they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication.Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made.2.Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the main provisions of national law,which they adopt in the field governed by this Directive.Article5This Directive shall enter into force on the20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.Article6This Directive is addressed to the Member States.Done at Brussels,14October2004.For the CommissionOlli REHNMember of the CommissionLIST OF ANNEXESANNEX I Requirements to be met by vehicles and electrical/electronic subassemblies fitted to a vehicle Appendix1:List of standards referred to in this DirectiveAppendix2:Vehicle broadband reference limitsAntenna-vehicle separation:10mAppendix3:Vehicle broadband reference limitsAntenna-vehicle separation:3mAppendix4:Vehicle narrowband reference limitsAntenna-vehicle separation:10mAppendix5:Vehicle narrowband reference limitsAntenna-vehicle separation:3mAppendix6:Electrical/electronic subassemblyBroadband reference limitsAppendix7:Electrical/electronic subassemblyNarrowband reference limitsAppendix8:Model for the EC type-approval markANNEX II A Information document relating to EC type-approval of a vehicleANNEX II B Information document relating to EC type-approval of an electric/electronic subassemblyANNEX III A Model of EC type-approval certificateANNEX III B Model of EC type-approval certificateANNEX III C Model of attestation with regard to Annex I,3.2.9.ANNEX IV Method of measurement of radiated broadband electromagnetic emissions from vehiclesANNEX V Method of measurement of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions from vehiclesANNEX VI Method of testing for immunity of vehicles to electromagnetic radiationANNEX VII Method of measurement of radiated broadband electromagnetic emissions from electrical/electronic subas-sembliesAppendix1—Figure1:Open-area test site:electrical/electronic subassembly test area boundaryLevel clear area free from electromagnetic reflecting surfacesANNEX VIII Method of measurement of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions from electrical/electronic subassembliesANNEX IX Method(s)of testing for immunity of electrical/electronic subassemblies to electromagnetic radiation Appendix1—Figure1:800mm stripline testingAppendix1—Figure2:800mm stripline dimensionsAppendix2:Typical TEM cell dimensionsANNEX X Method(s)of testing for immunity to and emission of transients of electrical/electronic subassembliesREQUIREMENTS TO BE MET BY VEHICLES AND ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SUBASSEMBLIES FITTED TO AVEHICLE1.SCOPEThis Directive applies to the electromagnetic compatibility of vehicles covered in Article1,being vehicles or trailers(hereinafter referred to as vehicles)as supplied by the vehicle manufacturer and to components or separate technical units intended to be fitted in vehicles.It covers:—requirements regarding the immunity to radiated and conducted disturbances for functions related to direct control of the vehicle,related to driver,passenger and other road users'protection and related to distur-bances,which would cause confusion to the driver or other road users,—requirements regarding the control of unwanted radiated and conducted emissions to protect the intended use of electrical or electronic equipment at own or adjacent vehicles or nearby,and the control ofdisturbances from accessories that may be retrofitted to the vehicle.2.DEFINITIONS2.1.For the purposes of this Directive:2.1.1.‘Electromagnetic compatibility’means the ability of a vehicle or component(s)or separate technical unit(s)tofunction satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.2.1.2.‘Electromagnetic disturbance’means any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the performance ofa vehicle or component(s)or separate technical unit(s),or of any other device,unit of equipment or systemoperated in vicinity of a vehicle.An electromagnetic disturbance may be electromagnetic noise,an unwanted signal or a change in the propagation medium itself.2.1.3.‘Electromagnetic immunity’means the ability of a vehicle or component(s)or separate technical unit(s)tooperate without degradation of performance in the presence of(specified)electromagnetic disturbances which includes wanted radio frequency signals from radio transmitters or radiated in-band emissions of industrial-scientific-medical(ISM)apparatus,internal or external to the vehicle.2.1.4.‘Electromagnetic environment’means the totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at a given location.2.1.5.‘Broadband emission’means an emission,which has a bandwidth greater than that of a particular measuringapparatus or receiver(International Special Committee on Radio Interference(CISPR)25,2nd edition).2.1.6.‘Narrowband emission’means an emission which has a bandwidth less than that of a particular measuringapparatus or receiver(CISPR25,2nd edition).2.1.7.‘Electrical/electronic system’means(an)electrical and/or electronic device(s)or set(s)of devices together withany associated electrical connections which form part of a vehicle but which are not intended to be type-approved separately from the vehicle.2.1.8.‘Electrical/electronic subassembly’(ESA)means an electrical and/or electronic device or set(s)of devices intendedto be part of a vehicle,together with any associated electrical connections and wiring,which performs one or more specialised functions.An ESA may be approved at the request of a manufacturer or his authorised representative as either a‘component’or a‘separate technical unit(STU)’(see Directive70/156/EEC,Article2).2.1.9.‘Vehicle type’in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means vehicles which do not differ essentially in suchrespects as:2.1.9.1.the overall size and shape of the engine compartment;2.1.9.2.the general arrangement of the electrical and/or electronic components and the general wiring arrangement;2.1.9.3.the primary material of which the body or shell(if applicable)of the vehicle is constructed(for example,a steel,aluminium or fibreglass body shell).The presence of panels of different material does not change the vehicle type provided the primary material of the body is unchanged.However,such variations must be notified.2.1.10.An‘ESA type’in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means ESAs which do not differ in such essentialrespects as:2.1.10.1.the function performed by the ESA;2.1.10.2.the general arrangement of the electrical and/or electronic components,if applicable.2.1.11.‘Vehicle wiring harness’means supply voltage,bus system(e.g.CAN),signal or active antenna cables,which areinstalled by the vehicle manufacturer.2.1.12.Immunity-related functions are:(a)functions related to the direct control of the vehicle:—by degradation or change in engine,gear,brake,suspension,active steering,speed limitation devices,for example,—by affecting driver’s position,e.g.seat or steering wheel positioning,—by affecting driver’s visibility:e.g.dipped beam,windscreen wiper;(b)functions related to driver,passenger and other road-user protection:—e.g.airbag and safety restraint systems;(c)functions which,when disturbed,cause confusion to the driver or other road users:—optical disturbances:incorrect operation of e.g.direction indicators,stop lamps,end outline marker lamps,rear position lamp,light bars for emergency system,wrong information from warning indicators,lamps or displays related to functions in clauses(a)or(b)which might be observed in the direct view ofthe driver,—acoustical disturbances:incorrect operation of anti-theft alarm,horn,for example;(d)functions related to vehicle data bus functionality:—by blocking data transmission on vehicle data bus-systems,which are used to transmit data,required to ensure the correct functioning of other immunity-related functions;(e)functions which,when disturbed,affect vehicle statutory data:e.g.tachograph,odometer.3.APPLICATION FOR EC TYPE-APPROVAL3.1.Approval of a vehicle type3.1.1.The application for approval of a vehicle type,with regard to its electromagnetic compatibility pursuant toArticle3(4)of Directive70/156/EEC shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer.3.1.2.A model for the information document is given in Annex IIA.3.1.3.The vehicle manufacturer shall draw up a schedule describing all relevant vehicle electrical/electronic systems orESAs,body styles(1),variations in body material(1),general wiring arrangements,engine variations,left-hand/right-hand drive versions and wheelbase versions.Relevant vehicle electrical/electronic systems or ESAs are those which may emit significant broadband or narrowband radiation and/or those which are involved in immunity-related functions(see paragraph2.1.12of this Annex)of the vehicle.(1)If applicable.3.1.4.A representative vehicle shall be selected from this schedule for the purpose of being tested,in mutualagreement between the manufacturer and the competent authority.This vehicle shall represent the vehicle type(see Appendix1to Annex IIA).The choice of vehicle shall be based on the electrical/electronic systems offered by the manufacturer.One or more vehicles may be selected from this schedule for the purpose of being tested if it is considered by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the competent authority that different electrical/electronic systems are included which are likely to have a significant effect on the vehicle's electromagnetic compatibility compared with the first representative vehicle.3.1.5.The choice of the vehicle(s)in conformity with paragraph3.1.4is limited to vehicle/electrical/electronic systemcombinations intended for actual production.3.1.6.The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from tests,which have been carried out.Anysuch data provided may be used by the approval authority for the purpose of drawing up the type-approval certificate.3.1.7.If the technical service responsible for the type-approval test carries out the test itself,then a vehicle repre-sentative of the type to be approved,according to paragraph3.1.4shall be provided.3.1.8.The vehicle manufacturer must provide a statement of frequency bands,power levels,antenna positions andinstallation provisions for the installation of RF-transmitters,even if the vehicle is not equipped with RF-transmitter at time of type-approval.This should cover all mobile radio services normally used in vehicles.This information must be made publicly available following the type-approval.Vehicle manufacturers must provide evidence that vehicle performance is not adversely affected by such transmitter installations.3.2.Approval of a type of electrical/electronic subassembly(ESA)3.2.1.Applicability of this Directive to ESA:3.2.2.The application for approval of a type of ESA with regard to its electromagnetic compatibility pursuant toArticle3(4)of Directive70/156/EEC shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by the manufacturer of the ESA or his/her authorised representative.3.2.3.A model for the information document is given in Annex II B.3.2.4.The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from tests which have been carried out.Anysuch data provided may be used by the approval authority for the purpose of drawing up the type-approval certificate.For equipment intended for installation in a vehicle,the manufacturer may supplement the appli-cation with the manufacturer’s Declaration of Conformity in line with the provisions of Directive99/5/EC or Directive89/336/EEC,the EMC test report and the instruction for the user giving guidance for installation of such equipment in vehicles.3.2.5.If the technical service responsible for the type-approval test carries out the test itself,then a sample of the ESAsystem representative of the type to be approved shall be provided,if necessary,after discussion with the manufacturer on,for example,possible variations in the layout,number of components,number of sensors.If the technical service deems it necessary,it may select a further sample.3.2.6.The sample(s)must be clearly and indelibly marked with the manufacturer’s trade name or mark and the typedesignation.3.2.7.Where applicable,any restrictions on use should be identified.Any such restrictions must be included inAnnexes II B and/or III B.3.2.8.ESAs which are brought to the market as spare parts need no type-approval if they are obviously marked as aspare part by an identification number and if they are identical and from the same manufacturer as the corresponding original equipment manufacturer(OEM)part for an already type-approved vehicle.ponents sold as aftermarket equipment and intended for the installation in motor vehicles need no type-approval if they are not related to immunity-related functions(Annex I,2.1.12).In this case a Declaration of Conformity according to the procedures of Directive89/336/EEC or1999/5/EC must be issued.Part of this declaration must be that the ESA fulfils the limits defined in paragraphs6.5,6.6,6.8and6.9of Annex I to this Directive.During a transition period of four years after coming into force of this Directive the responsible for placing on the market of such a product has to submit all relevant information and/or a sample to a technical service which will determine if the equipment is immunity-related or not.The result of the inspection shall be available within three weeks and not require additional testing.A document according to the example given in Annex IIIC shall be issued by the technical service within the same period.Member States shall report,by a date threeyears from the entry into force of this Directive,any cases of refusals on safety grounds.Based on the practical experience with this requirement and based on the reports submitted by Member States,it will be decided, according to the procedure referred to in Article13of Directive70/156/EEC,and before the end of the transition period,if this document is still required in addition to the Declaration of Conformity.4.TYPE-APPROVAL4.1.Routes to type-approval4.1.1.Type-approval of a vehicleThe following alternative routes to type-approval of a vehicle may be used at the discretion of the vehicle manufacturer.4.1.1.1.Approval of a vehicle installationA vehicle installation may achieve type-approval directly by following the provisions laid down in the relevantparts of paragraph6of this Annex.If this route is chosen by a vehicle manufacturer,no separate testing of electrical/electronic systems or ESAs is required.4.1.1.2.Approval of vehicle type by testing of individual ESAsA vehicle manufacturer may obtain approval for the vehicle by demonstrating to the approval authority that allthe relevant(see paragraph3.1.3of this Annex)electrical/electronic systems or ESAs have individually been approved in accordance with this Directive and have been installed in accordance with any conditions attached thereto.4.1.1.3.A manufacturer,if he/she wishes,may obtain approval according to this Directive if the vehicle has noequipment of the type which is subject to immunity or emission tests.Such approvals do not require testing.4.1.2.Type-approval of an ESAType-approval may be granted to an ESA to be fitted either to any vehicle type(component approval)or to a specific vehicle type or types requested by the ESA manufacturer(separate technical unit approval).4.1.3.ESAs,which are intentional RF transmitters,which have not received type-approval in conjunction with avehicle manufacturer,must be supplied with suitable installation guidelines.4.2.Granting of type-approval4.2.1.Vehicle4.2.1.1.If the representative vehicle fulfils the requirements of this Directive,EC type-approval pursuant to Article4(3),and if applicable,Article4(4)of Directive70/156/EEC shall be granted.4.2.1.2.A model for the EC type-approval certificate is given in Annex III A.4.2.2.ESA4.2.2.1.If the representative ESA system(s)fulfil(s)the requirements of this Directive,EC type-approval pursuant toArticle4(3),and if applicable,Article4(4)of Directive70/156/EEC shall be granted.4.2.2.2.A model for the EC type-approval certificates is given in Annex III B.4.2.3.In order to draw up the certificates referred to in paragraph4.2.1.2or4.2.2.2,the competent authority of theMember State granting the approval may use a report prepared by a test laboratory accredited to ISO17025 and recognised by the Approval Authority.4.3.Amendments to approvals4.3.1.In the case of amendments to approvals granted pursuant to this Directive,the provisions of Article5ofDirective70/156/EEC shall apply.4.3.2.Amendment of a vehicle type-approval by ESA addition or substitution4.3.2.1.Where a vehicle manufacturer has obtained approval for a vehicle installation and wishes to fit an additional orsubstitutional electrical/electronic system or ESA which has already received approval pursuant to this Directive, and which will be installed in accordance with any conditions attached thereto,the vehicle approval may be amended without further testing.The additional or substitutional electrical/electronic system or ESA shall be considered as part of the vehicle for conformity of production purposes.4.3.2.2.Where the additional or substitutional part(s)has(have)not received approval pursuant to this Directive,and iftesting is considered necessary,the whole vehicle shall be deemed to comply if the new or revised part(s)can be shown to comply with the relevant requirements of paragraph6or if,in a comparative test,the new part can be shown not to be likely to adversely affect compliance of the vehicle type.4.3.3.The addition of used ESAs,which are not type-approved according to this Directive because at their first timeof installation no type-approval was required,shall not invalidate the type-approval if the installation of such used ESAs is done according to the recommendations of the ESA and vehicle manufacturer.5.MARKING5.1.Every ESA conforming to a type approved under this Directive shall bear an EC type-approval mark.5.2.The EC type-approval mark shall consist ofa rectangle surrounding the lower case letter‘e’followed by the distinguishing number of the Member Statewhich has granted the EC component type-approval:1for Germany2for France3for Italy4for the Netherlands5for Sweden6for Belgium7for Hungary8for the Czech Republic9for Spain11for the United Kingdom12for Austria13for Luxembourg17for Finland18for Denmark20for Poland21for Portugal23for Greece24for Ireland26for Slovenia27for Slovakia29for Estonia32for Latvia36for Lithuania49for Cyprus50for MaltaIn the vicinity of the rectangle the‘base approval number’contained in section4of the type-approval number referred to in Annex VII of Directive70/156/EEC preceded by the two figures indicating the sequence number assigned to the latest major technical amendment to this Directive.The amendment sequence number and the component type-approval number shown on the certificate shall be separated by a single space.In this Directive the sequence number is03.5.3.The EC type-approval mark must be affixed to the main part of the ESA(e.g.the electronic control unit)insuch a way as to be clearly legible and indelible.5.4.An example of the EC type-approval mark is shown in Appendix8.5.5.No marking is required for electrical/electronic systems included in vehicle types approved by this Directive,andfor spare parts as defined in paragraph3.2.8.5.6.Markings on ESAs in compliance with paragraph5.3need not be visible when the ESA is installed in a vehicle.6.SPECIFICATIONS6.1.General specification6.1.1.A vehicle and its electrical/electronic system(s)or ESA(s)shall be so designed,constructed and fitted as toenable the vehicle,in normal conditions of use,to comply with the requirements of this Directive.6.1.1.1.A vehicle shall be tested for radiated emissions and for immunity to radiated disturbances.No tests forconducted emissions or immunity to conducted disturbances are required for vehicle type-approval.6.1.1.2.ESA(s)shall be tested for radiated and conducted emissions,for immunity to radiated and conducted distur-bances.6.1.2.Before testing,the technical service has to prepare a test plan in conjunction with the manufacturer,whichcontains at least mode of operation,stimulated function(s),monitored function(s),pass/fail criteria(s)and intended emissions.。