翻译A Prenatal Treatment Raises Questions of Medical Ethics

1. abnormal adj. 不正常的；反常的，变态的这个词其实就是ab+normal组合而来的，其中normal就是指正常的，ab是一个词缀，表示“相反，变坏，离去”。

我们可以想想看，英语中带ab词缀的还有哪些呢？比如abuse 滥用，就是ab+use组成，还有abstain 弃权，节制，也是ab+stain构成。

He looks so abnormal that he didn’t reply to Mary’s shouting.他看起来不太对，连玛丽对他大吼都没反应。

2. abolish v. 废除；消灭说到取消、废除神马的，可能有童鞋想到cancel这个词了，那我们来做个小比较吧~ abolish 这个词比较正式，多用来指废除某个法律规定、制度或习俗等。

cancel 它的用途更广泛些，可以指航班、比赛、活动、合同、计划等。

Plural marriage was abolished after the foundation of PRC.新中国成立后废除了一夫多妻制。

3. abrupt adj. 突然的，唐突的abrupt表示突然的同sudden、unexpected。

除此之外，它还可以指（地形）起伏的。

The president was very dissatisfied with his abrupt interrupt.对于他的突然打断，总裁很不满。

4. absurd adj. 荒唐的这个词的近义词就是ridiculous啦，现在二者的差别基本不太大了。

Don’t you think this proposal is very absurd?!难道你不觉得这个提议很荒谬吗？！5. accessory adj. 辅助的，附属的n. 配件，附件accessory表示设备、工具的附件时多用复数。

This machine is equipped with some accessories.这台机器配备了一些附件。

Lesson 1perilously: dangerously; riskyAilment: mild illnessaffluence: wealth; abundancepreoccupy: (often passive) if something preoccupies somebody, they think or worry about it a lot 使专心于，迷住preoccupation n. 全神贯注，出神，急务meek：patient and mildinherit the earth: to control the worldenvy: to wish that you had sb‟s possessions, abilities,contemporary: somebody who lives at the same time as someone elseutility: usefulnessaugment: ( stress on 2nd syllable) increasebe in question: being concerned, discussed (cf：out of question: no doubt ;out of the question：impossibleformula: solutionfecundity: reproductionfecund: able to produce many children, young animals, or crops, fertilegrievously: in grief; seriously; causing great painbreed: to produce young childsubsistence: the condition of having enough money, food, etc., to stay aliveameliorate: improve; amelioration: improvementundue: excessive; not reasonable or suitablerepair to: go to (a particular place)denial: denial of poverty overriding: prevailing, dominantextrude: to pull something out through a home by force；expel; force outamorphous: having no definite shape or features; vagueinterfere with: to prevent something from happening as planned or succeedingAnxiety can interfere with children‟s performance at school.cf. interfere in: to deliberately get involved in a situation be inconsistent with: be incompatible with, be contradictory to The accounts of the witnesses are inconsistent. His conduct was inconsistent with what is expected of a Congressman.a substantial measure of: a considerable amount ofsuspend :to officially stop something from continuing, esp. for a short timeproceed: to continue to do sth that has already been planned or started (In this context, to happen / exist as a result of sth)on behalf of: in the interest of, as the representative ofinherently: by nature; naturally (inherent: inborn, natural)succor: to help; aidallegation: statement without proofBe replete with: (adj. phrase) full of; well-filled/supplied withdedicate: (dedication)1) to say that something (book, film, song, etc.) has been written, made, or sung to express love, respect, etc. for somebody..2) to spend all your time on, put all your efforts into particular thingaberration: action or event that is different from what usua. happens or what sb usua. Does; departure from what is correcta temporary aberration in US foreign policyaberrant behaviormorale (…on 2nd syllable) the amount of confidence and optimism that people have斗志，士气(cf: moral/immoral/morality/mortal/mortality死亡数/mortgage)seduce: to tempt/persuade sb to do sth wrong 吸引，引诱，勾引inflict: to make sb suffer sth unpleasantadverse: unfavorableincentive: stimulus; sth that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity, etc.feckless: lacking determination, achieving nothing in life; weakmanifestation: one of the different ways in which sth can appearfigure: important personidle away: spend time doing nothingscandalous: disgraceful; shockingenduring: lasting, permanenttransparent: clear, obviousenhancement: improvementimpoverish: to make sb very poorcover: sth used to hide sth else that is bad, illegal; excuseshow affection. resort to: make use of for helpOfficials fear that extremists may resort to violence.We hope they will be able to resolve the situation without resorting to force.decline: Car sales have declined by a quarter. (decrease)The minister declined to comment about the progress of the peace talk. (refuse to do something) ( n. fall into a ~: lose strength; on the ~: declining)resolve to: be determined to do something、resolve to: 打定主意明确表示决定/决心做/不做settle: 专指在一段时间的犹豫不决或争论之后作出的明确最终的选择。

Section B ReadingsPassage 1Hyperactivity Disorder多动症Symptoms and Signs1 For over 50 years physicians have been evaluating and treating children who show various combinations of motoric overactivity, impulsivity, distractibility, and inattentiveness. During that time, the terminology describing these children has changed, reflecting the shifting ideas about etiology and about the relationship of the symptoms of overactivity to the symptoms of inattentiveness. Called at different times minimal brain damage, minimal brain dysfunction, hyperactive child syndrome, hyperactive reaction of childhood, and attention-deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity, the syndrome is now known as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In DSM-IV, ADHD is divided into three subtypes：a combined type (most frequent), a pre- dominantly inattentive type, and a predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. This most recent diagnostic terminology reflects current thinking about the possible heterogeneity of this disorder.症状和体征1 内科医生们一直在进行着对一类孩子长达五十多年的诊断和治疗，这些孩子都体现出了一种或几种如下特点，即：肢体运动过于活跃，性格易冲动，注意力涣散，和粗心大意。

习题练习与思考一、名词解释1．疾病（disease）2．病理生理学（pathophysiology）3．药物靶标（drug target）4．病理过程（pathologic process）5．病因（etiology agents）6．先天因素（congenital factors）7．疾病发生的条件（predisposing factors）8．诱发因素（precipitating factor）9．危险因素（dangerous factor）10．发病学（pathogenesis）11．完全康复（complete recovery）12．不完全康复（incomplete recovery）13．死亡（death）14．脑死亡（brain death）15．昏迷16．脱水（dehydration）17．低渗性脱水（hypotonic dehydration）18．“三凹”体征19．高渗性脱水（hypertonic dehydration）20．等渗性脱水（isotonic dehydration）21．水中毒（water intoxication）22．低钠血症（hyponatremia）23．高钠血症（hypernatremia）24．低钾血症（hypokalemia）25．高钾血症（hyperkalemia）26．酸碱平衡紊乱（acid-base disturbance）27．固定酸（fixed acid）28．动脉血二氧化碳分压（Pa CO2）29．标准碳酸氢盐（standard bicarbonate, SB）30．实际碳酸氢盐（actual bicarbonate, AB）31．缓冲碱（buffer base，BB）32．碱剩余（base excess, BE）33．阴离子间隙（anion gap, AG）34．代谢性酸中毒（metabolic acidosis）35．乳酸酸中毒（lactic acidosis）36．酮症酸中毒（ketoacidosis）37．代偿性代谢性酸中毒（compensated metabolic acidosis）38．失代偿性代谢性酸中毒（decompensated metabolic acidosis）39．呼吸性酸中毒（respiratory acidosis）40．代谢性碱中毒（metabolic alkalosis）41．呼吸性碱中毒（respiratory alkalosis）42．混合型酸碱平衡紊乱（mixed acid-base disorders）43．水肿（edema）44．积水（hydrops）45．滤过分数（filtration fraction,FF）46．心房利钠肽（atrial natriuretic polypeptide, ANP）47．“隐性水肿”（recessive edema）48．心性水肿（cardial edema）49．肾性水肿（renal edema）50．肺水肿（pulmonary edema）51．间质性肺水肿（intestitial pulmonary edema）52．肺泡水肿（alveolar edema）53．高压力性肺水肿（high-pressure pulmonary edema）54．高通透性肺水肿（high permeability pulmonary edema）。

高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案Unit1Paraphrase:1. We’re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, andno hurricane has ever caused any damage to it .3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much dam age.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the ligh ts also went out.5. Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars!6. The electrical systems in the car (the battery for the starter) had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt bec ause he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimm er and finally stopped.10. Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricanerather late.1. 每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。

Unit 4Drug Therapy in the Older Adult老年人的药物治疗Drug therapy in the older adult population is a complex phenomenon influenced by numerous biopsychosocial factors. The elderly are the largest group of consumers of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. The average older adult uses 4.5 prescriptions and 2.1 OTC medications and fills between 12 to 17 prescriptions yearly. The incidence发生率of adverse有害的drug reactions in the elderly is two to three times that found in young adult. This is considered to be a conservative 保守的estimate估计, because drug reactions are less well recognized in older adults and because reactions can often mimic symptoms of specific disease states.药物治疗在老年人口是一个复杂的现象，因其被众多的生物心理社会因素影响。

老年人是处方药和非处方药的最大消费群体。

老年人平均使用4.5张处方和2.1张非处方药，每年填写12到17张处方。

老年人的药物不良反应发生率是年轻人的两到三倍。

这被认为是一个保守的估计，因为药物反应在老年人中较少被认识，因为反应往往可以模拟特定疾病状态的症状。

A．1. 宁静的乡村生活从来对我没有任何的吸引力。

(Never，appeal)----Never has the quite life of the country appealed to me. (句型)2. 他很快适应了新的工作环境，并着手开始保护濒危动物的工作。

（adapt）----He soon adapted himself to the new working conditions and set out to protect the animals in danger.3. 他承认他对解决资金短缺问题的关键一无所知。

（admit）----He admitted that he knew nothing about the key to the problem of the shortage of fund.4. 该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。

(apply)----Students should be encouraged to apply what we have learned in class to practice.5. 几乎人人能享用电脑，这给我们的生活带来了方便。

(access)----Now almost everybody has access to computers, and this brings convenience to our lives.6. 这些广告旨在吸引消费者购买商品。

(appeal)----These advertisements aim at appealing to customers to buy goods.7. 各色阳伞给夏日的街头平添了活泼的气氛。

(add to)----Colourful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.8. 她网球比赛输了，因为她不习惯与左撇子打球。

Unit 4disaster / dɪˈzɑ:stə(r) /n.灾难；灾害tornado /tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ / n.(pl. -oes or -os) 龙卷风；旋风drought / draʊt / n.旱灾；久旱landslide / ˈlændslaɪd / n. ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡slide / slaɪd / vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动tsunami / tsu:ˈnɑ:mi /n.海啸flood /flʌd / n.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没volcanic eruption / vɔlˈkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃn / 火山喷发magnitude /ˈmægnɪtju:d / n. (地)震级；重大rescue /ˈreskju:/n.& vt.营救；救援damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ / vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失destroy /dɪ'strɔɪ/ vt.摧毁；毁灭evacuate /ɪˈvækjueɪt / vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/ n.直升机death/ deθ/n. 死；死亡affect /ə'fekt/ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动shelter /'ʃeltə(r)/ n.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避 (风、雨或危险)crack /kræk/ n.裂纹；裂缝vi. & vt. (使)破裂as if 似乎；好像；仿佛ruin /'ru:ɪn/ n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪percent / pəˈsent / n.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百种brick /brɪk/ n.砖；砖块metal /'metl/ n.金属shock /ʃɒk/ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊in shock 震惊；吃惊electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n.电；电能trap /træp/ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱bury /ˈberi/vt.埋葬；安葬breathe / bri:ð/ vi.& vt.呼吸revive /rɪˈvaɪv/ vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒revival /rɪˈvaɪvl/ n.振兴；复苏effort /'efət/ n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力unify /ˈju:nɪfaɪ / vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n.智慧；才智context /ˈkɒntekst/ n.上下文；语境；背景suffer /ˈsʌfə/ vt.遭受；蒙受vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦volcano /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)火山erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出supply /səˈplaɪ/ n.供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品vt.供应；供给typhoon /taɪˈfu:n/ n.台风in the open air 露天；在户外hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ n . (尤指大西洋的)飓风survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi.生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n.电力供应；力量；控制力tap /tæp/ vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲pipe /paɪp/ n.管子；管道whistle /ˈwɪsl/ vi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨n.哨子(声)；呼啸声emergency /iˈmɜ:dʒənsi/ n.突发事件；紧急情况calm /kɑ:m/adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静aid /eɪd/ n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助kit /kɪt/ n.成套工具；成套设备first aid kit 急救箱on hand现有(尤指帮助)crash /kræʃ/ vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. ( swept, swept) 打扫；清扫sweep away消灭；彻底消除wave /weɪv/ n.海浪；波浪vi.& vt.挥手；招手strike /straɪk/ vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打n. 罢工；罢课；袭击deliver /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ vt. & vi.递送；传达vt.发表summary /ˈsʌməri/ n.总结；概括；概要effect /ɪˈfekt/ n.影响；结果；效果length /leŋθ/n.长；长度THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP地球的一个不眠之夜Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a.m., on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night.河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连：一连几天，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。

CET-6词组1. above all首先，尤其重要的，最重要的，强调要引起特别注意e.g. Above all, watching TV is educational.最为重要的是，看电视可以接受教育。

小编注：基督艺术家Michael W. Smith 有一首歌叫Above All，可以译为超越一切，很好听也很容易上口的歌。

小编最喜欢的一句Like a Rose trampled on the ground You took the fall and thought of me. Above all.像玫瑰被践踏在地，降低自己，因你爱我，超越一切。

同学可以google一下，学学咯。

2. by accident偶然，无意中3. be active in对（于）…很积极e.g. She is active in protecting our environment.她积极参加保护环境的活动。

3. add up to合计为e.g.The bills add up to exactly $100.这些帐单加起来正好一百元。

小编注：与add up to 类似的词组add up。

add up 把...加起来e.g. Add up 3, 4 and 5 and you'll get 12.把三、四、五相加,总数是十二。

4. admit one's mistake承认错误5. take / follow one's advice接受某人的建议e.g.Be mindful to follow my advice. 你要注意照我的忠告去做。

6. give advice on sth就…提出建议e.g. Give advice on improving performance and obtaining higher efficiency.提出改进性能和提高工作效率的意见。

7. advice sb. to do sth建议某人做某事8. the day after tomorrow后天1. after all 毕竟；终究e.g. You should forgive him for his forgetfulness; after all, he is over seventy.你应该原谅他的健忘症，毕竟他已经七十多岁了。