虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结知识交流
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虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法(一)形式注:1.在从句中,be动词多用were的形式。
在口语中,如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话,be动词可用was,但人们总是说:If I were you...2.主句中的谓语可以由would,should,could和might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。
3.与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语有三种不同的形式:过去式、were +to do或should +do。
例句1:If I were you,I would study hard.我要是你的话,我就会好好学习。
(与现在事实相反)例句2:If I had studied hard,I would have passed CET-6 last semester.我要是早就好好学习的话,那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。
(与过去事实相反)例句3:If Iwere to pass CET-6,I would treat you to dinner at KFC.我要是过了六级考试,就请你去吃肯德基。
(与将来事实相反)1/ 9(二)省略/倒装如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be 或have,则可把if省略,把上类动词提到主语之前,使用倒装语序。
例句4:Had it not been for the PLA,we wouldn't have been able to beat the flood.4要不是人民解放军,我们是无法战胜洪水的。
例句5:Were he here now,he would certainly help me.5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。
注4:例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not,如果把该句还原成正常语序,应该是:If it hadn't been for the PLA,we wouldn't have been able to beat the flood.但是一旦句子发生了省略,就必须把hadn't分开,否定词not还原,放在主语之后,不可写成Hadn't it been for的形式。
虚拟语气用法总结虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设,或难以实现的情况,而非客观存在的事实。
学习虚拟语气,我们需要注意以下几个要点:一、虚拟语气在带有条件状语从句的复合句中的构成和用法。
根据不同的时间,主、从句中动词形式如下表:If we left now, we would arrive in good time. 如果我们现在就走的话,我们就会及时到达。
They would have come to your party if they had had time. 如果他们有时间就会参加你的聚会。
If you lived there for a while, you’d change your mind about the place. 如果你在那儿住上一段时间,你就会改变对那地方的看法。
这里我们需要注意以下三点:1. 错综时间条件句有时条件状语从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
如:If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了。
2. 虚拟条件句的倒装形式如果虚拟条件从句中有were, had或should时,可以把if省略,而把这几个词放到主语之前,构成倒装句。
如:Were I you, I wouldn’t go there alone. 如果我是你,我不会一个人去那儿的。
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam. 如果他学习再努力点的话,他就会通过考试。
Should you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. 如果你被解雇,你的医疗保险和其他权益并不会立即中断。
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握:1、虚拟条件句。
2、名词性虚拟语气。
3、虚拟语气的其他用语。
一、虚拟条件句:条件状语从句是非真实情况,在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
1、条件从句与现在事实不一致,其句型为:If 主语+过去时,主语+should(could, would,或might)+动词原形,如:If I were you, I wouldstudyhard.If it rained, I wouldnot be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致,句型为:If 主语+had+过去分词,主语+should(could, would,或might)+have+过去分词,如:If the doctor had come last night, the boy wouldhave saved.If I had not studie d hard, I wouldhave failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致,句型为:+do,主语+should(could…)+原形do过去时(与现在事实条件句一样)。
If it should rain tomorr ow, we wouldstay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I couldsee it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you wouldfeel sorry.注意问题:1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
2、根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在条件句中如果出现we re, had, should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装,例如:Had the doctor come last night, the boy wouldhave saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I wouldsee it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorr ow, we wouldstay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气:在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,基本句型:主语+(should)+动词原形,如:Mother insist ed that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.(宾语从句)We sugges ted that the meetin g should not be held.It was requir ed that the cropsshould be harves ted at once.(主语从句)The sugges tionthat he be invite d was reject ed.(同位语从句)That is theirdemand that theirwagesbe increa sed.(表语从句)注意:在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。
英语《虚拟语气》语法知识总结归纳虚拟语气(Subjunctive mood)是英语中一种特殊的语气形式,用于表示说话人的假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令等非真实情况。
虚拟语气在句子中通常与动词的调整和语法结构上的变化相关。
以下是对虚拟语气的语法知识的总结归纳:1.条件句中的虚拟语气:1.1 条件句中表示对现在的假设:使用虚拟语气的一般公式是:if + 主语 + 过去式,主句使用would/could/should/might + 动词原形。
例如:- If I were you, I would go to the meeting.(如果我是你,我会去开会。
)注意,这里的"were"是一个特殊的虚拟语气形式,用于所有人称和数。
- If she had studied harder, she might have passed the exam.(如果她努力学习,她可能会通过考试。
)1.2 条件句中表示对过去的假设:使用虚拟语气的一般公式是:if + 主语 + 过去完成时,主句使用would/could/should/might + have + 过去分词。
例如:- If I had known it, I would have told you.(如果我知道了,我会告诉你的。
)- If she had arrived earlier, she might have caught the bus.(如果她早点到,她可能会赶上公共汽车。
)2.虚拟条件句中的特殊情况:2.1 在虚拟条件句中表示命令、建议时,主句中的动词可以使用动词原形(而不是would/could/should/might + 动词原形)。
例如:- If you have any questions, please let me know.(如果你有任何问题,请告诉我。
)- If I were you, I would take a break.(如果我是你,我会休息一下。
虚拟语气的用法及常见情况虚拟语气是指用来表达与事实相反、与现实情况不符或表示假设、愿望、建议等的语气。
虚拟语气在表达中起到了丰富语言的作用,常见于口语和书面语中。
本文将介绍虚拟语气的基本用法,并探讨一些常见的应用情况。
一、虚拟语气的基本用法1. 假设:虚拟语气用于表示与事实相反或与现实情况不符的假设。
例如:如果我是你,我会尽快解决这个问题。
假如明天下雨,我们就不去郊游了。
2. 建议:虚拟语气可用来表示建议、命令等。
例如:我们建议你尽快处理这个事情。
他们要求我们赶快离开。
3. 愿望:虚拟语气可用来表示愿望、要求等。
例如:我希望你能够理解我的困境。
要是我有更多的时间,我就可以做更多的事情了。
4. 批评:虚拟语气还可用于表示批评、责备等的语气。
例如:要是你更加努力,你就能考上大学。
如果你不再犯同样的错误,你就能取得更好的成绩。
二、虚拟语气的常见情况1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句用于表示假设条件和其结果之间的关系。
常用的虚拟条件句包括:- 类型I:表示真实的可能性。
例如:如果我有时间,我会帮你的。
- 类型II:表示与现实相反的假设。
例如:要是我是富人,我就可以环游世界。
- 类型III:表示与过去事实相反的假设。
例如:如果我早知道他的真面目,我就不会与他合作了。
2. 虚拟语气与情感动词情感动词后常跟虚拟语气,用于表示愿望、要求、命令等。
常见的情感动词包括:- 希望: 希望你能够顺利通过考试。
- 要求: 公司要求员工每天按时上班。
- 命令: 她命令他立即离开房间。
3. 虚拟语气与时间状语从句时间状语从句中的虚拟语气用于表示与事实相反的情况。
常见的时间状语从句包括:- 情况非常好的时候,假设早些来是多么好啊。
- 要是我当时不迟到,我就能见到他。
4. 虚拟语气与形容词从句形容词从句中的虚拟语气用于表示与事实相反的情况。
常见的形容词从句包括:- 如果他是个有耐心的人,他就能够完成这个任务。
- 假如她是个勤劳的人,她就能取得更多的成就。
虚拟语气语法总结虚拟语气是相对于现实语气而言的,它表示一种假设情况或者是一种不确定的情况。
在汉语中可能不太常用虚拟语气,但在英语中,虚拟语气很常见,它常用于条件句和从句。
本文将对虚拟语气的语法进行总结。
一、虚拟条件句虚拟条件句指的是一个条件是虚拟的,即并不存在这样的情况。
它通常分为以下两种情况:1. 与现在的情况相反如果条件与现在的情况相反,我们就说它是虚拟的。
这种情况下,我们使用虚拟语气来表达:1) If I were you, I would try harder. (如果我是你,我会更加努力。
)2) If I had more money, I would consider buying a new car. (如果我有更多的钱,我就会考虑买一辆新车。
)2. 与过去的情况相反如果条件与过去的情况相反,我们也使用虚拟语气来表达:1) If I had known that, I would have come earlier. (如果我当时知道的话,我就会早点过来了。
)2) If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. (如果我当时学得更刻苦,我就能通过考试了。
)注意事项:1. 当使用“were”时,它代替的是“is”或“am”而不是“was”,这就是为什么说如果我“were”而不是如果我“was”的原因。
2. 在虚拟条件句中,“would”与“should”含义相同,用法也相同。
二、虚拟从句虚拟从句指的是一种假设性的或者不确定的情况,比如说:1. If I were to win the lottery, I would buy a new house. (如果我赢了彩票,我会买一套新房子。
)2. If it were not for you, I would never have made it. (如果不是你的话,我永远都不会成功。
虚拟语气:表示说的话不是事实,表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、表达一种愿望、表达一种愿望、建建议、假设。
议、假设。
一、条件状语从句中的用法一、条件状语从句中的用法从句 谓语形式谓语形式主句 谓语形式谓语形式现在现在were/ didwould/could/should (+not) + do 过去过去 had donewould/could/should/might (not)+ have done将来将来1. were/did2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might (not) + do简单记法:简单记法:if were/did, would doif had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do举例:举例:If I were you, I would do nothing about it.If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低),they wouldn’t go shopping.附注:附注:虚拟语气,条件状从倒装虚拟语气,条件状从倒装状语从句中,去掉if, 提前were/ had/ should 如:If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give upIf you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world should come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end……另外,without, but for, otherwise 构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气 But for the populariza on of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (populariza on 普及,publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed.We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat. (表示可能性小)(表示可能性小)但其实,高中英语考试也常考:但其实,高中英语考试也常考:错综虚拟语气条件句错综虚拟语气条件句 即:即:假设条件状从发生的时间与所假设的谓语动词不一致,此时,主句和从句要根据各自的时间而定。
虚拟语气的用法总结语气:语气是动词的一中形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,假设或推测等。
如If I were you, I should study English.一.虚拟语气在条件从句的用法条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。
如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。
如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.有时候省略if,采用局部倒装语序。
把had /should/were 等动词(不包括行为动词)移到从句的句首。
例如:Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.Should the earth stop running, what would happen?二. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。
If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive.If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.三.含蓄条件句1.有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来,而是通过介词短语来表示。
虚拟语气与情态动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示,下面对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法分别介绍。
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句。
表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
”例如:If I were you, I should studay English.If he had time, he would attend the meeting.表示与过去的事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had +过去分词”,主句中的谓语动词用“would(should, could, might)+have +过去分词”。
例如:If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.表示与将来事实相反的假设时,条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词怀“表示与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语动词相同,或者条件从句中用“were to(should)+动词原形”。
例如:If you come tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。
例如:If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.)5.以上句型可以转换成下列形式:1)省略if,用“were, have, should +主语”. 例如:Were I in school again, I would work harder.Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式,如我们可以说:Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy.但不能说Weren’t it for the expense, I would go to Italy.2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句.例如:Without air, there would be on living things.But for your help, I couldn’t have done it.3)用其了方式表示.例如:It would produce had results to do that.= If you have done that, it would produce bad results.(二)虚拟语气用于宾语从句“wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可惜……”. “……就好了”, “悔不该……”, “但愿……”等.表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would(could) +动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望时用“had +过去分词”或“(could)would +have +过去分词”.例如:I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish you could go with us.We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.虚拟语气在动词arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest,等后面的宾主从句中用“(should)+动词原形”.例如:We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.We insisted that they (should) go with us.The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.He demanded that we (should) start right away.注意:insist作“力言”, “强调”解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,只有当insist作“坚持(认为)”, “坚持(应该)”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气.例如:Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.(三)虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”.例如:We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing forsightseeing.My idea is that we (should) exercises first.(四)虚拟语气在as if(as though),even if( even though)等引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用.如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时,指现在状况,则用过去时,指将来则用过去将来时.例如:He looked as if he were an artist.He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.Even if he were here,he could not solve the problem.(五)虚拟语气用于主语从句.在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should 十动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等.例如:It is necessary( important,natural,strange,etc) that …we should cleanthe room every day.It was a pity ( a shame,no wonder,etc) that you should be so careless.It will be desired( suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.在上述三种主语从句中,should意为“应该”,“竟然”,可以省去,但不可换用would.主句所用动词的时态不限.注意:这种从句表示的是事实.如果说话人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就可用虚拟语气.反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感.That从句也可用陈述语气,例如:It is a strange that he did not come yesterday.It is a pity that you can’t swim.(六)虚拟语气用于定语从句这种从句常用在It is( high) time( that)…句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式,或should十动词原形( should不能省略,be用were)来表示,意为“(现在)该……”。
虚拟语气的用法归纳虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块,第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。
这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面:基本用法,各自为政,以及含蓄之美。
一、虚拟语气的基本用法是什么通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式,从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的,如果两者时间不一致,此时就是混合型虚拟语气。
混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”,即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同,采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。
二、虚拟语气用法有哪些虚拟语气在条件从句的用法条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。
如 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。
如 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气.错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。
If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.含蓄条件句1.有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来,而是通过介词短语来表示。
如 Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help), I couldn’t have done it.2. 假设的条件通过上下文表现出来。
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法
先看一道高考题:
____ more attention,the trees could have grown better.
A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given
(答案是A)
句中"...the trees could have grown better"是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。
题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。
如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式"If they had been given more attention ,the trees could have grown better."来表示,就不难理解了。
很多情况下,在表示假设的虚拟语气中,有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达,而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系,或用其它形式表达出来,我们称之为"含蓄条件句"。
含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。
这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。
现分述如下:
一、介词短语
常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with,without,in,under,but for等等,它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。
(1)without,with
without表示否定的条件,意为if...not;with与without意义相反,表示肯定的条件。
如:Without air,there would be no living things.(without air =if there were no air)没有空气,便没有生物。
With her help(=If I had her help),I would do the experiment well.假如有她帮助,我就可以把这个实验做好。
(2)under
Under the leadership of a less experienced person,the experiment would have failed.(u nder...=If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person)假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验,实验准会失败。
(3)in
I would have lost my head in that position.(in that position =if I had been in that positio n)我处在那种情况下,是会丧失理智的。
(4)but for
But for their help(=If it were not for their help),we could not get over the difficultie s.要不是他们的帮助,我们是克服不了这些困难的。
二、连接词or ,otherwise,but,but that等等
I'm really busy,otherwise(=if I weren't so busy),I would certainly go with you.我确实太忙了。
不然的话,我一定和你一块去。
But that I saw it(=If I had not seen it),I could not have believed it.要不是亲眼看见的话,我是不会相信的。
三、分词短语
United(=If they had been united),they wouldn't have been defeated.他们要是团结起来,就不会被打败。
Seen from a high mountain(=If it were seen from a high mountain),the field in which w heat is growing would look like a great green sea.倘若从高山上看,麦田就像一片碧绿的大海。
四、动词不定式短语
It would be only partly right to answer in this way.(=if we answered in this way)如果这样回答,只对一部分。
To hear him speak English(=If one were to hear him speak English),one would think hi m an Englishman.要是听他讲起英语来,人们会认为他是一个英国人。
五、形容词或其比较级的形式
A less difficult problem would have already been solved.(=If the problem had been less difficult,it would have already been solved.)要是问题不那么难的话,它早就被解决了。
An honest man would not do such a thing.(=If he were an honest man,he would not do such a thing.)诚实的人是不会做这种事的。
六、名词
An honest man would not say this.(=If the man were honest,he wouldn't say this.)一个诚实的人,就不会说这种话。
Who but a fool(=If one were a fool,one)would believe his words.除了傻瓜,谁会相信他的话!
七、"名词+and"的结构
One step further and you would be dead.(=If you took one step further,you would be d ead.)再往前走一步,你就会死。
八、独立主格结构或由with引导的复合结构
All things considered(=If all things were considered),the price would be reasonable.如果全面考虑起来,价格可能是合理的。
九、定语从句
A nation which stopped working would be dead in a fortnight.(=If a nation stopped work ing,it would be dead in a fortnight.)如果一个国家停止工作,不出半个月就会灭亡。