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英语专四考试阅读长难句理解与解析（2）2016年英语专四考试阅读长难句理解与解析定语从句that can...修饰主语The practice,从句中的介词短语past your...habits作宾语you的补语，as you write引导的时间状语从句修饰trying to edite。
what引导的表语从句中用了“call+宾语+补语”的结构，what是宾语，free writing是补语。
译文：这种可以帮助你克服在写作的同时就试图编辑的坏习惯的做法便是Elbow所称作的“自由式”写作。
专四考试备考资料之阅读长难句理解与解析(3)As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease-especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.(06.12 Passage 2)主干：the focus has been shifting1. 句首As引导非限制性定语从句，As指代主句所说的内容，在从句中作seen的宾语。
2. 主句中破折号后的内容是短语介词in terms of引导的介词短语作状语，表示“从......方面来说”，changing与前面的shifting构成语义再现。
译文：正如我们所看到的一样，我们社会医疗的重心正在从治疗疾病转到预防疾病上来---特别是要改变我们许多不健康的行为，比如说不良的饮食习惯、抽烟、忽视锻炼。
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs.(06.12 Passage 2)主干：The field has not distinguished (between...and...)主句的谓语用了distinguished between...and...的结构，and连接的两个someone都用了who引导的定语从句予以修饰。
如何分析英语四级阅读中的长难句英语四级阅读是考察大学生英语能力的重要部分，其中长难句的解析是许多同学感到困难的地方。
本文将介绍一些有效的方法，帮助读者分析和理解英语四级阅读中的长难句。
一、理解句子结构和基本语法1.1 划分句子成分首先，我们需要划分句子的成分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。
通过了解句子的结构，我们可以更好地理解长难句的含义。
1.2 熟悉基本语法规则了解基本语法规则是理解长难句的基础。
例如，掌握并熟悉主谓一致、从句的引导词和关系词的用法等，对分析长难句非常有帮助。
二、辨析引导词和关系词在长难句中，引导词和关系词是很重要的线索。
我们要学会辨析它们的不同用法，从而更好地理解句子。
2.1 引导词的辨析引导词包括连词、副词和介词等，它们通常可以帮助我们理解句子的逻辑关系。
例如，but、however、therefore等。
熟悉这些引导词的用法和含义，可以帮助我们更好地理解长难句。
2.2 关系词的辨析关系词用于连接主句与从句，如that、which、who等。
了解它们的用法和含义，可以帮助我们准确理解句子中的修饰关系。
三、注意上下文的语境信息长难句通常是上下文中重要信息的集中体现，理解上下文的语境信息对于分析长难句至关重要。
3.1寻找上下文中的关键词在分析长难句时，我们应该留意上下文中出现的关键词，这些关键词可能在长难句中扮演重要的角色，有助于我们理解句子含义。
3.2根据上下文猜测意义遇到理解困难的长难句，我们可以通过上下文的语境信息来猜测句子的含义。
通过抓住上下文的线索，我们可以更好地解读长难句。
四、阅读大量英文文章最后，积累阅读经验是分析长难句的关键。
通过大量阅读英文文章，我们可以接触到各种复杂的句子结构和表达方式，提高我们的阅读理解能力。
总结：分析英语四级阅读中的长难句需要掌握句子结构和基本语法规则，辨析引导词和关系词，注重上下文的语境信息，以及多读英文文章。
通过这些方法，我们可以更好地理解和分析英语四级阅读中的长难句，提高阅读理解的能力。
英语四级真题阅读长难句的分析及译文英语四级真题阅读长难句的分析及译文82. The point in that sleep cycle at which you wake can affect how you feel later, and may even have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept.【分析】本句为并列复合句。
句子主干为The point can affect and may have impact。
and 连接两个并列的谓语。
which 引导定语从句，修饰 point, at the point 是固定搭配，所以 which 前面加介词at。
than 后面是 how 引导的宾语从句。
【译文】在睡眠中的哪个阶段醒来将会影响到你之后的`感觉，甚至可能比睡眠时间长短对你产生的影响更大。
83. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben Jerry s.【分析】本句为并列复合句。
句子主干为the government has granted her permission and she has returned to job。
while 引导时间状语从句，意为当的时候。
【译文】在她等待结果的同时，美国政府同意她继续在本杰瑞公司工作，现在她已经重返工作岗位。
84. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won t allow them to start unless they receives a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key.【分析】本句为复合句。
长难句分析在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。
长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。
长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。
理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。
1、四级难点2、攻克长难句对于四级的意义3、如何攻克一、理解长难句两个关键性问题、三个要素（一）两个关键问题1、理解不到位A．简单句Over the years, tools and technology themselves has been largely ignored by people. B．复合句The boy who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days.2、表达不通顺A．主线结构顺线走a.主语从句例1、What he told me was only half-truth.例2、How he is going to do it is a secret.b．宾语从句例1、Can you hear what I say?例2、He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.C．表语从句例：One difficulty is that we don’t have money.B．定语状语往前勾a．定语例1、the course of reasoning which led him to his decision例2、things which easily escape attentionb．状语例1、Let’s take a walk in the Garden at 5 o’clock.例2、前因后果多主动例1、We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent. (先因后果)C．名词从句依序翻（二）三个要素1、词汇A．专有名词a．人名、地名、国家名、组织机构名Galileo（家里裂）Darwin Clinton Bush Pentagon b．专业术语疯牛病禽流感B．代词a．句内指代1．that的指代作用that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词（如是复数，用those），后面通常跟有修饰语，如出现在比较结构中的that of。
英语四级阅读长难句结构分析英语四级阅读长难句结构分析1. Most designers with existing labels are finding there arent comparable fabrics that can just replace what youre doing and what your customers are used to.分析主干：Most designers are finding...finding 后是省略连接词 that 的宾语从句。
该从句是 there be 句型其主语 comparable fabrics 后有一个 that 引导的限制性定语从句直到句末。
该定语从句的谓语动词 replace 带了两个由 and 连接的并列的宾语从句都用 what 引导。
译文：大多数现有品牌设计师都发现找不到满意的有机布料来取代现在使用的顾客已经习惯了的布料。
2. Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.分析主干：T odd Park, a local detective, said...said 之后的内容是个省略引导词that的宾语从句。
whose skeleton...是个定语从句修饰 an... woman。
译文：当地的一名侦探 Todd Park 说这个方法帮他了解到有关一位身份不明的.女性死者的更多信息其尸骨是在大盐湖附近被发现的。
3. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50 year old man who had delayed doing anything about his smokers cough for a year.分析主干：Gullotta saw a man...who 引导的定语从句修饰 a... man。
四级阅读理解真题长难句分类解析(1)
1.主语拉长
一般来讲，汉语主语比较简短。
相比之下，英语中主语一旦拉长，就会增加读者的理解难度。
解牛方法：有效分解主谓成分，断开之后各个击破。
例如：
The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears have also attracted more people to the region. （2005.6）
首先，把原句子分解为两个简单独立的句子：
（1）The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears 溪流、湖泊、草地、山脉、森林，使得Pocono成为黑熊理想的栖息地
（2）have also attracted more people to the region. 吸引了越来越多的人们来到这里。
第 1 页共2 页
其次，句子整合翻译：
溪流、湖泊、草地、山脉、森林，这些不仅使得Pocono成为黑熊理想的栖息地，而且吸引了越来越多的人们来到这里。
第 2 页共2 页。
四级真题英语阅读长难句分析1. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. (2009. 阅读. Text A)【译文】鲍姆认为，哈密顿和其他人最近的决定可能就是“一种迹象表明人们开始意识到存在一种破坏性竞争”。
他是最近一项大学调查报告的组织者之一，这项报告引发了人们对并非基于需要的制度性经济援助的关心。
【析句】复合句。
主干是Baum says+宾语从句，也就是Baum说话的内容。
宾语从句的主句是Recent decisions may be "a sign that are starting to realize that there is this destructive competition...", 引号内包含两个从句，that引导定语从句修饰a sign, realize后是that引导的宾语从句。
最后，co-author of a recent College Report作Baum的同位语，that raises concerns about...是College Report的定语从句。
2. “No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid. (2009. 阅读. Text A)【译文】"任何人都不能采取单方面的行动。
1. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
2. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively.
3. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?
4. It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some be autiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.
5. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.
参考答案：
1、我们也很看重个人品德和社交技能，我们发现混合能力的教育对学习的各个方面都有帮助。
2、他们也要学习如何处理个人问题和怎样思考，怎样决策、分析和评估以及有效沟通。
3、问题是，怎样鼓励一个孩子在写作时自由自信的表达自己，而不被拼写的复杂所捆绕。
4、这可能是对学生在写作中的技术能力的尖锐批评，但也是老师的失败的悲哀反映——忽略了朗读文章，这其中优美的表达可以激发孩子们的深刻感受。
5、老师注重错误没错，但是如果他更注重孩子的思想的话，他失望的表现会使孩子有提高的动力。
更多英语学习方法：必克英语/。
