ASTM A232-99

ASTM美国材料标准中文版

ASTM A488/A488-2007 钢铸件焊接工艺和人员资格评定的标准实施规程( Standard Practice

for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel )

ASTMA 802/A 802M-1995(R2006重新审批 ) 视觉检测铸钢表面验收标准规程 (STANDARPDR

ACTICE

FOR STEEL CASTINGS, SURFACE ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS, VISUAL EXAM)INATION

ASTM B108-2006 铝合金永久型铸件标准规范( STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR ALUMINUM-ALLOY

PERMANENT MOLD CAST)INGS

ASTM B179-2006 铸造用铝合金原锭及熔融锭在各铸造过程的标准技术规范( STANDARD

SPECIFICATION FOR ALUMINUM ALLOYS IN INGOT AND MOLTEN FORMS FOR CASTINGS FROM ALL

CASTING PROCESS)ES

ASTM B26/B26M-2005铝 合金砂铸件标准规范( STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR ALUMINUM-ALLOY SAND CASTING)S

ASTM D256-2006 测定塑料抗悬臂梁摆锤冲击性的标准试验方法( STANDARD TEST METHODS

FOR DETERMINING THE IZOD PENDULUM IMPACT RESISTANCE OF PL)ASTICS

ASTM D2794-1993(R2004) 有机涂层抗快速形变 (冲击)作用的标准试验方法( STANDARD TEST

METHOFDO RR ESISTANCOE FO RGANIC OATINGTSO T HEE FFECTSO FR APIDD EFORMATIO(INM

astma999-2018标准中文版

ASTMA（全称：哮喘管理和预防）是一个治疗和管理哮喘的全球标准，旨在提高患者的生活质量和预防哮喘发作。ASTMA标准第一次于2018年发布，是一个全面的哮喘管理指南，为医生、患者和保健提供了重要的参考。

哮喘是一种慢性炎症性呼吸系统疾病，一般通过呼吸道的变窄和过敏反应来表现。哮喘发作包括胸闷、咳嗽、呼吸困难和呼吸快速等症状，会对患者的日常生活造成很大的影响。ASTMA标准的目标是改善患者的生活质量，减少哮喘发作的风险，并降低因哮喘导致的住院率和急诊就诊率。

ASTMA标准将哮喘管理分为五个步骤，根据患者的病情和症状的严重程度，制定个性化的治疗方案。

第一步是评估哮喘的病情和症状的严重程度，包括对患者的病史、症状和生活质量进行详细的调查。根据评估结果，将患者分为不同的控制级别，来确定治疗方案。 第二步是根据患者的病情和症状的严重程度，制定个性化的治疗方案。治疗方案包括短效快速作用药物（SABA）的使用和控制治疗的选择。对于不同控制级别的患者，治疗方案也有所不同。

第三步是根据患者的治疗反应和控制程度，调整治疗的强度。当治疗不良或症状不控制时，需要加强治疗。

第四步是定期的复查和调整治疗方案。医生和患者应定期复查，评估治疗的效果，并根据需要进行调整。

第五步是应对急性发作的策略。对于哮喘急性发作的患者，需要及时应对，并采取相应的处理措施，以减轻症状和防止病情恶化。

ASTMA标准还特别强调了教育和自我管理的重要性，包括对患者和家属的培训和指导，以提高他们对哮喘的认识和对治疗的遵循性。自我管理计划包括日常的药物使用、控制因素的避免、定期的复查和应对急性发作的策略等。

ASTMA标准还提出了预防哮喘发作的措施，包括控制哮喘诱发因素的暴露、定期的复查和调整治疗方案、室内空气质量的改善等。 总之，ASTMA标准为医生、患者和保健提供了一个全面的哮喘管理指南，旨在提高患者的生活质量和预防哮喘发作。通过合理的治疗和管理，可以减轻患者的症状，提高患者的生活质量，并降低哮喘发作的风险。同时，ASTMA标准还强调了教育和自我管理的重要性，鼓励患者积极参与治疗和管理过程。通过全球范围内的推广和应用，ASTMA标准将在哮喘的治疗和管理中起到积极的作用。

Designation:A232/A232M–99StandardSpecificationforChromium-VanadiumAlloySteelValveSpringQualityWire1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA232/A232M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.1.Scope1.1Thisspecificationcoversthehighestqualityofroundchromium-vanadiumalloysteelvalvespringwire,uniforminqualityandtemper,intendedforthemanufactureofvalvespringsandotherspringsrequiringhigh-fatiguepropertieswhenusedatmoderatelyelevatedtemperatures.Thiswireshallbeeitherintheannealedandcold-drawnoroil-temperedconditionasspecifiedbythepurchaser.1.2ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Withinthetext,theinch-poundunitsareshowninbrackets.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemarenotexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemmustbeusedindependentoftheother.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:A370TestMethodsandDefinitionsforMechanicalTestingofSteelProducts2A700PracticesforPackaging,Marking,andLoadingMethodsforSteelProductsforDomesticShipment3A751TestMethods,Practices,andTerminologyforChemicalAnalysisofSteelProducts2E29PracticeforUsingSignificantDigitsinTestDatatoDetermineConformancewithSpecifications42.2ANSIStandard:B32.4PreferredMetricSizesforRound,Square,Rect-angle,andHexagonMetalProducts52.3FederalStandard:Fed.Std.No.123MarkingforShipment(CivilAgencies)62.4MilitaryStandard:MIL-STD-163SteelMillProducts,PreparationforShip-mentandStorage62.5AIAGStandard:AIAGB-502.00PrimaryMetalsIdentificationTagAppli-cationStandard73.OrderingInformation3.1Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshouldincludethefollowinginformationforeachordereditem:3.1.1Quantity(mass),3.1.2Nameofmaterial(chromium-vanadiumalloysteelvalvespringqualitywire),3.1.3Dimensions(Table1andSection8),3.1.4Condition(Section6),3.1.5Packaging(Section14),3.1.6Heatanalysisreport,ifrequested(5.2),3.1.7Certificationortestreport,orboth,ifspecified(Sec-tion13),and3.1.8ASTMdesignationandyearofissue.NOTE1—Atypicalorderingdescriptionisasfollows:20000kgoil-temperedchromium-vanadiumalloysteelvalvespringqualitywire,size6.00mmin150kgcoilstoASTMA232/A232Mdated,orforinch-poundunits,40000lboil-temperedchromium-vanadiumalloysteelvalvespringqualitywire,size0.250in.in350-lbcoilstoASTMA232/A232Mdated.4.MaterialsandManufacture4.1Thesteelmaybemadebyanycommerciallyacceptedsteelmakingprocess.Thesteelmaybeeitheringotcastorstrandcast.4.2Thefinishedwireshallbefreefromdetrimentalpipeandunduesegregation.5.ChemicalComposition5.1ThesteelshallconformtotherequirementsforchemicalcompositionspecifiedinTable2.5.2HeatAnalysis—EachheatofsteelshallbeanalyzedbythemanufacturertodeterminethepercentageofelementsprescribedinTable2.Thisanalysisshallbemadefromatestspecimenpreferablytakenduringthepouringoftheheat.Whenrequested,thisshallbereportedtothepurchaserandshallconformtotherequirementsofTable2.1ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeA-1onSteel,StainlessSteel,andRelatedAlloysandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA1.03onSteelRodandWire.CurrenteditionapprovedApril10,1999.PublishedJune1999.OriginallypublishedasA232–stpreviouseditionA232/A232M–96.2AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol01.03.3AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol01.05.4AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol14.02.5AvailablefromtheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,11West42ndStreet,13thFloor,NewYork,NY10036.6AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700RobbinsAve.,Philadelphia,PA19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.7AvailablefromtheAutomotiveIndustryActionGroup,26200Lahser,Suite200,Southfield,MI48034.1Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.5.3ProductAnalysis—Ananalysismaybemadebythepurchaserfromfinishedwirerepresentingeachheatofsteel.Theaverageofalltheseparatedeterminationsmadeshallbewithinthelimitsspecifiedintheanalysiscolumn.Individualdeterminationsmayvarytotheextentshownintheproductanalysistolerancecolumn,exceptthattheseveraldetermina-tionsofasingleelementinanyoneheatshallnotvarybothaboveandbelowthespecifiedrange.5.4Forrefereepurposes,TestMethods,PracticesandTer-minologyA751shallbeused.6.MechanicalProperties6.1AnnealedandCold-Drawn—Whenpurchasedintheannealedandcold-drawncondition,thewireshallhavebeengivenasufficientamountofcoldworkingtomeetthepurchas-er’scoilingrequirementsandshallbeinasuitableconditiontorespondproperlytoheattreatment.Inspecialcasesthehardness,ifdesired,shallbestatedinthepurchaseorder.6.2OilTempered—Whenpurchasedintheoil-temperedcondition,thetensilestrengthandminimumpercentreductionofarea,sizes2.50mm[0.105in.]andcoarser,ofthewireshallconformtotherequirementsprescribedinTable1.6.2.1NumberofTests—Onetestspecimenshallbetakenforeachfivecoils,orfractionthereof,inalot.Eachheatinagivenlotshallbetested.6.2.2LocationofTests—Testspecimensshallbetakenfromeitherendofthecoil.6.2.3TestMethod—ThetensiontestshallbemadeinaccordancewithTestMethodsandDefinitionsA370.6.3WrapTest:6.3.1Oil-temperedorcold-drawnwire4.00mm[0.162in.]rgerdiameterwireuptoandincluding8.00mm[0.312in.]indiametershallwrapwithoutbreakageonamandreltwicethewirediameter.Thewraptestisnotappli-cabletowireover8.00mmindiameter.6.3.2NumberofTests—Onetestspecimenshallbetakenforeachfivecoils,orfractionthereof,inalot.Eachheatinagivenlotshallbetested.6.3.3LocationofTest—Testspecimensshallbetakenfromeitherendofthecoil.6.3.4TestMethod—Thewraptestshallbemadeinaccor-dancewithTestMethodsandDefinitionsA370.6.4SpecialSurfaceInspection—Whenspecified,theentirelengthofeverycoilusedbyenginevalvespringmanufacturersshallbeinspectedforsurfaceimperfectionswithamagneticand/oreddycurrentdefectanalyzerorequivalent.7.MetallurgicalRequirements7.1SurfaceCondition:7.1.1Thesurfaceofthewireasreceivedshallbefreeofimperfectionssuchaspits,diemarks,scratches,seams,andotherdefectstendingtoimpairthefatiguevalueofthesprings.7.1.2NumberofTests—Onetestspecimenshallbetakenfromeachendofeverycoil.7.1.3TestMethod—Thesurfaceshallbeexaminedafteretchinginasolutionofequalpartsofhydrochloricacidandwaterthathasbeenheatedtoapproximately80°CforaTABLE1TensileRequirementsASIUnitsDiameter,BmmMPa,minMPa,maxReductionofArea,min,%0.5020602260C0.5520502240C0.6020302220C0.6520102200C0.7020002160C0.8019802140C0.9019602120C1.0019402100C1.1019202080C1.2019002060C1.4018602020C1.6018201980C1.8018001960C2.0017801930C2.2017501900C2.5017201860452.8016801830453.0016601800453.5016201760454.0015801720404.5015601680405.0015201640405.5014801620406.0014601600406.5014401580407.0014201560408.0014001540409.00138015204010.00136015004011.00134014804012.001320146040Inch-PoundUnitsDiameter,in.ksi,minksi,maxReductionofArea,min,%0.020300325C0.032290315C0.041280305C0.054270295C0.062265290C0.080255275C0.105245265450.135235255450.162225245400.192220240400.244210230400.283205225400.312203223400.375200220400.438195215400.50019021040ATensilestrengthvaluesforintermediatediametersmaybeinterpolated.BPreferredsizes.Foracompletelist,refertoANSIB32.4.CThereductionofareatestisnotapplicabletowirediametersunder0.092in.[2.34mm].TABLE2ChemicalRequirementsAnalysis,%ProductAnalysisTolerance,%Carbon0.48–0.5360.02Manganese0.70–0.9060.03Phosphorus0.020max+0.005Sulfur0.035max+0.005Silicon0.15–0.3560.02Chromium0.80–1.1060.05Vanadium0.15min−0.01

astm a108-1999

ASTM A108-1999是美国材料和试验协会（ASTM）发布的一项标准规范，该规范涉及了钢材的热轧碳钢棒材的化学成分、机械性能和其他相关要求。

以下是ASTM A108-1999的主要内容：

1. 范围：该标准规定了热轧碳钢棒材的化学成分、机械性能和其他相关要求。

2. 材料和制造：该标准规定了可用于制造热轧碳钢棒材的材料和制造方法。它包括了碳钢棒材的化学成分要求和热处理要求。

3. 化学成分：该标准规定了热轧碳钢棒材的化学成分要求。这些要求包括了碳、锰、磷、硫、硅和铁等元素的含量限制。

4. 机械性能：该标准规定了热轧碳钢棒材的机械性能要求。这些要求包括了抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和硬度等。

5. 其他要求：该标准还规定了热轧碳钢棒材的其他相关要求，如尺寸、表面质量、允许的缺陷和标识等。

ASTM A108-1999是一个重要的标准规范，它对于制造、选择和使用热轧碳钢棒材具有指导意义。在实际应用中，根据具体需求和要求，还需要结合其他相关标准和规范进行综合应用。