大一轮高考总复习英语(人教版)教师用书：写作提升01+句式篇+第4讲+句式的多样化.doc

第三节通知通知是传达将要做某事的应用文体。

书写通知的正文时，语言应简洁明了，要写明所做事情的具体时间、地点、概括性内容(多为书面通知的首句)、通知对象及有关注意事项。

同时，必须注意句子之间的安排，使之符合逻辑，条理清晰。

书面通知的具体写作步骤及注意事项如下：1．要有标题：NOTICE或Notice。

2．内容：这是通知信息传达的主要部分，主要包括时间、地点、人物、事由、注意事项等要点。

3．时态：通知是传达将要做的事。

因此，通知多用一般将来时，如：A party will be held./There will be a party.等。

4．句式：多用祈使句，如：Please wear comfortable shoes as we will do a lot of walking./Please take your umbrella with you.等。

5．语言文体：多用书面语。

6．结束语：书面通知的结束语常常有：Please attend it on time. 或Don’t be late！或Everyone is welcome to attend/take part in it.等。

7．单位名称：单位名称为发出通知的单位。

8．通知日期：英式英语和美式英语在表达日期时，顺序略有不同。

如2015年3月15日美式英语习惯用March 15(th)，2015；英式英语习惯用15(th)March,2015。

[模板1口头通知]Teachers and students，May I have your attention，please？I have an announcement to make.In order to ________(目的)，the Student Union will organize a party on ________(日期)．The party will be held ________(地点)．It will begin at ________(具体时间)．Will everybody please ________(要求出席)？Remember to ________(提醒)．Don’t forget：________(注意事项)．There’s sure to be a lot of fun.Everybody is welcome.①引起注意，并陈述主要内容。

第二讲简单句的高级形式简单句其实也可以不简单，若将简单句与非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、同位语、独立主格结构等巧妙地合并在一起，不但可以表达更丰富的内容，而且也可使句子变得更精彩，充分显示你在英语表达上的实力。

1．同位语I want to have a pen friend，hopefully a girl in her early twenties and with interests similar to mine.我想有一个笔友，希望是一个二十出头且兴趣相投的女孩子。

2．形容词短语Mr.Ma’s handwriting is as good as his father’s.马先生的书法和他父亲的一样好。

Born in American，Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.出生于美国的托马斯·爱迪生是一个伟大的科学家和发明家。

3．不定式短语In order to study well，we need to do sport.为了学习好，我们需要做体育运动。

4．现在分词短语In this picture，a mother bird stays in her nest in a big tree，watching her babies flying away.在这幅图中，一个鸟妈妈呆在一棵大树的鸟巢里，观看她的鸟仔飞走。

5．过去分词短语Compared with letters and public phones，mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient.与信件和公用电话相比，手机和网络更快也更方便。

6．介词短语Instead of giving us answers immediately，he encourages us to think by ourselves.他鼓励我们独立思考，而不是马上告诉我们答案。

Welcome unitⅠ．词块记单词1．an exchange student 一个交换生2．in the lecture hall 在演讲厅3．in the registration office 在登记处4．on campus 在校园里5．in formal situations 在正式场合6．senior high school (美国)高中7．concentrate on the experiment 集中精力于实验8．feel awkward 觉得尴尬9．junior high school (美国)初级中学10．there's a lot to explore 有许多东西要探索11．use flash cards 使用教学卡片12．learning goals 学习目标13．learning strategies 学习策略14．improve your reading skills 提高你的阅读技巧15．start my own IT company 创办一家自己的信息技术公司16．learning style 学习风格Ⅱ．语境记单词1．This art designer is designing a picture book, and his book is designed for students who want to learn drawing．(design)2．He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety．(anxious)3．My brother's talking with food full in his mouth annoyed me．I am annoyed with him about his annoying habit．(annoy)4．After seeing the frightening scene, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark．(frighten)5．So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they leave a deep impression on visitors from home and abroad．To tell you the truth, I am deeply impressed by its beautiful scenery．(impress)6．In class, the naughty boy has little concentration; as a result, he can't concentrate on what his teacher says．But when he plays computer games, he is more concentrated．(concentrate)7．He gave her a confident smile and his confidence made her faced with the challenge bravely．(confident)8．Mr Black works as president of a large international organisation．He is busy organising a conference to be held next week with his assistants．(organise) 9．The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity．(curious)Ⅲ．语境记短语1．These children are always looking forward to (盼望) being taken to the amusement park to relax themselves．2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We sat down next to (靠近) each other, but David wouldn't look at me．3．If you want to make friends with (与……交朋友) others, you should be kind-hearted and willing to give help to them．4．Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students, we must concentrate on (集中精力于) our studies．5．If we achieve our dreams at the cost of ignoring the reality, we will probably fail at last (最终)．6．She's asked to be left alone (不被打扰) but the press photographers follow her everywhere．7．You need to take notes (记笔记) at the meeting so you make sure you bring a pen and some paper with you．8．The new teacher made a good impression (留下好印象) on the students by her humorous talk．Ⅳ．公式练句型1．在过去的几周里他取得了多么大的进步啊！(what引导的感叹句)What great progress he has made in the past few weeks!2．我们发现我们昨天读的那本书如此有趣且有意义。

Unit 4 Body LanguageⅠ．词块记单词1．in our interactions with other people 在我们与别人的互动中2．witness another person nodding 当场看到另一个人点头3．interpret it as a sign of weakness 视为软弱的表现4．favour shaking hands 宁愿选择握手5．bow from the waist 弯身弓腰鞠躬6．break down barriers 打破障碍7．at the trial 在审判中8．make assessments 评价9．reveal the situation and messages 揭露情况和信息10．clarify any misunderstandings or different answers澄清任何误解或不同的答案11．lower one's head 低下头12．occupy much space 占用大量空间13．stare out of the window 凝视窗外14．distinguish from ...区别于……15．experience anxiety 经历焦虑16．be ashamed of 对……感到惭愧17．bother to brush one's hair 懒得梳头18．have serious conflicts with other students 与其他学生发生严重冲突Ⅱ．语境记单词1．You can rely on him to help you solve the problem because he is such a reliable person．(rely)2．Educators are devoted to making research in order to ensure students living in any area can receive good education．(educate)3．The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped he could get on well with her employees．(employ)4．The desks and chairs are adjustable and you can adjust them to the height of the students．The adjustment is not difficult to make．(adjust)5．The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely．(tend)6．His plan was approved, and the approval won him many approving glances．(approve)7．From their appearance, we cannot tell the differences between the twins, but the ways they walk are different．And they also differ in their voices．(differ) 8．How will your father react to the news? I would like to know his reaction．(react) 9．What you did was embarrassing, making the guest so embarrassed and it also embarrassed me．(embarrass)10．There are various goods in the new supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars．The variety of them attracts many customers．(vary)Ⅲ．语境记短语1．He was more than usually depressed by problems at work (有某种影响)．2．Getting young people together will help to break down (消除) barriers between them．3．Every time I call on (访问) her, she is always busy writing essays．4．By comparison (相比较) with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high．5．As a result, people could make inferences (推断) about who was participating in the virtual conversation．6．In autumn and spring, by contrast (相比之下), children usually grow up fast．7．Five people make up the team; in other words (换句话说), the team is made up of five people．8．It is hard to see how people will get through (度过) this winter．9．I don't think anyone is really in favour of (赞成) these changes．10．From ingrained (根深蒂固的) habit he paused to straighten up (整理) the bed．Ⅳ．公式练句型1．(2022·全国甲卷)你使用筷子的方式很重要，可以避免使你的同伴感到不愉快。

Unit 1 Teenage LifeⅠ．词块记单词1．debate club 辩论俱乐部2．predict content 预测内容3．learn new movements 学习新的动作4．work in a greenhouse 在温室里工作5．a big challenge 一项巨大的挑战6．take a quick look at the title 快速浏览一下标题7．topic sentences 主题句8．advanced literature 高级文学9．make a workable schedule 制作一个可行的时间表10．become writers or editors 成为作家或编辑11．a round paper plate 一个圆形的纸盘12．adventure camp 探险营地13．international youth camp 国际青年营14．some experts 一些专家15．teenagers of your generation 你们这一代的青少年Ⅱ．语境记单词1．A large number of volunteers from the university volunteer to teach in the remote villages．Their voluntary work is well worth praising．(volunteer)2．A teacher should not show preference for any one of his pupils, but most teachers prefer to make friends with the polite students．(prefer)3．Choose a pair of shoes that suits you best, and we'll cycle to a suitable place for a picnic．(suit)4．The confusing problem really confuses the confused boy, who is always confused about such things．(confuse)5．After graduation, he wanted to find a job in a foreign company．However, he found it was a challenge for graduates to find jobs as unemployment was very high．(graduate)6．We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions．(responsible)7．Luckily, I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivorof the accident．(survive)8．Everyone praises the child's good behaviour because he always behaves well．(behave)9．The Great Wall is an attraction, whose scenery is very attractive, and it attracts a large number of tourists every day．(attractive)10．The drug is so addictive that he is addicted to it．Therefore, it's hard for him to get rid of the addiction to it．(addict)Ⅲ．语境记短语1．My sister will graduate from (毕业于) Zhejiang University this July．And I am proud of her．2．I would like to warn you in advance (提前) that if you smoke here, you will be fined．3．The pilot of the plane should be responsible for (对……负责) the passengers' safety．4．Those who are content with (对……感到满意) their present situations will surely make no difference in life．5．Once you sign up for (报名) it, it is likely that you will be a new member of our school table tennis team．6．These tours, designed and led by Harvard students from a range of scientific groups, focus on (集中；特别关注) animals and plants．7．More and more people are addicted to (对……很入迷) the Internet．As a consequence, they are getting burned out．8．My parents and I spent the whole morning cleaning up (打扫干净) our house to welcome an important guest．9．More people would be attracted to (喜欢) cycling if conditions were right．Ⅳ．公式练句型1．我们的英语老师建议我们多读书来扩大词汇量。

附录一高考作文评分标准高考英语书面表达全国卷评分标准(全国各地书面表达除了分值不同以外，评分细则相同)(一)评分原则1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3．词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。

4．评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。

5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。

评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。

英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

6．若书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

(二)评分标准第五档(21—25分)：完全完成了试题规定的任务，完全达到了预期的写作目的覆盖所有内容要点。

应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。

语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。

有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

第四档(16—20分)：完全完成了试题规定的任务，达到了预期的写作目的虽漏掉一两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。

应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。

应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

第三档(11—15分)：基本完成了试题规定的任务，整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。

应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。

应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。

第二档(6—10分)：未恰当完成试题规定的任务，信息未能清楚地传达给读者漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。

语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。

有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。

较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。

第一档(1—5分)：未完成试题规定的任务，信息未能传达给读者明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。

第三讲并列句和复合句并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的独立分句并列在一起构成。

其基本结构为：分句＋并列连词＋分句。

并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。

这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。

从语法上讲，所谓“并列”、“对等”是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思，谁也不从属于谁。

尽管如此，这些主谓结构在意思或逻辑上有一定程度的内在联系。

否则，它们就可能被分别写成简单句，而没有必要写在一起构成并列句了。

在并列句中，要使两个或几个主谓结构(或者说分句)连接在一起，就要用并列连词。

并列连词用来连接平行对等(即互不从属)的分句。

在并列句中，除了使用并列连词外，还可使用并列连词词组或连接副词来连接分句。

有时甚至不用并列连词，只用逗号、分号、冒号等把分句隔开。

常用的并列连词有：and，but，or，for，so，neither，nor等；并列连词词组有：either...or，neither...nor，both...and，as well as，not only...but also等；连接副词有：besides，furthermore，moreover等。

1．表示联合关系常用and，neither...nor，not only...but(also)等连词。

如：There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.后半夜来了一场暴风雨，大雨倾盆而下。

I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.我既不会创作歌曲也不会弹吉他。

Not only did he speak correctly，but he spoke easily.他不仅讲得对，也讲得轻松。

2．表示选择关系主要由连词or(或者；否则)，either...or...(要么……要么……)，neither...nor...(既不……也不……)，otherwise(要不然)等连词连接，前后两个分句为选择关系。

Unit 4 Natural DisastersⅠ．词块记单词1．the rescue workers 救援人员2．damage the buildings 损坏建筑物3．2，400 homes destroyed 2 400所房屋被毁4．no deaths, no injuries 没有人员伤亡5．shelters set up by the government 政府搭建的避难所6．useless pieces of metal 无用的金属块7．bury the dead 掩埋死者8．the tireless efforts of the city's people 全市人民的不懈努力9．the wisdom to stay positive 保持乐观的智慧10．provide the supplies 提供物资11．stay calm 保持冷静12．crash into coastlines 袭击海岸线13．huge waves 巨大的海浪14．strike a match 划火柴15．deliver food and supplies 运送食物和物资Ⅱ．语境记单词1．He was shocked at the shocking news, for I could see his shocked look on his face．(shock)2．You must learn to breathe regularly．Otherwise, you will feel out of breath after such a long run．(breath)3．Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of survival．Last week, thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors．(survive)4．After he came to power, everyone said he was a powerful leader, but now he feels so powerless that he even can't save his daughter．(power)5．The road has a total length of two miles only, so the workers decide to lengthen it．(long)Ⅲ．语境记短语1．Her life has not come to an end (结束), and she also doesn't know what is waiting for her ahead．2．Although it was Sunday yesterday, Lily got up early as usual (和往常一样)．3．Always have your dictionary on hand (在手头) when you study because it is very convenient for you to refer to it．4．We haven't cleaned the house for a few days, because we don't want to sweep away (彻底消除) good luck．5．It was reported that an American couple had dug out (挖出) a lot of gold coins from their own yard．6．The city lay in ruins (成为废墟) after the earthquake．Now, rows of houses are being built．7．Suddenly, a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse．Seeing this, I was in shock (震惊)．Ⅳ．公式练句型1．这个小男孩太小了而不能举起这块沉重的石头。

第四讲句式的多样化一篇文章如果句式过于单一，会造成文章读起来乏味，毫无生气。

而恰当地使用丰富多样的句式，往往能增强表达效果，使文章生动有趣。

学生要在书面表达中避免语句表达单一化，可使用如下方法：1．句子开头要精彩，切勿一律以主语开头。

有时可以把状语、分词短语等置于句首。

例如：I took a stroll along the lake the other day.→The other day I took a stroll along the lake.(时间状语提前)The young man roared with laughter when he heard the bad news.→Hearing the bad news，the young man roared with laughter.(分词短语提前)2．在写作中，要灵活运用强调句、主从复合句、倒装句、感叹句、被动句、祈使句等。

例如：The red-haired girl has saved the abandoned dog.→It is the red-haired girl that has saved the abandoned dog.(强调句)We had to stand there to identify and capture the offenders.→What we had to do was to stand there，trying to identify and capture the offenders.(主语从句)What’s more，people can easily access the Internet.It enables them to send and receive emails whenever they like.→What’s more，people can easily access the Internet，which enables them to send and receive emails whenever they like.(定语从句)When he spoke，he felt more and more excited.→The more he spoke，the more excited he felt.(状语从句)He remembe rs the teacher’s instructions vividly.→He remembers vividly how the teacher instructed.(宾语从句)You will be likely to get the most out of your new school life only in this way.→Only in this way will you be likely to get the most out of your new school life.(倒装句)I didn’t find my digital camera was gone until I wanted to shoot a picture.→Not until I wanted to shoot a picture did I find my digital camera was gone.(倒装句)It was not until I wanted to shoot a picture that I found my digital camera was gone.(强调句)I had such a fantastic experience.→What a fantastic experience I had！(感叹句)They must pass all courses before they graduate.→They are required to pass all courses before they graduate.(被动句)If you don’t study hard，you will not succeed.→Study hard，or you will not succeed.(祈使句)3．在写作中，可以灵活地将并列句、从句和单句等转换为分词短语或介词短语，以使句式简洁、紧凑。