2005级双学位国际贸易课程试题(A)及答案

全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试国际贸易理论与实务试题课程代码：00149一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题1分，共20分)1.根据《跟单信用证统一惯例(1993年修订)》的规定，可转让信用证能转让( )次。

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 42.经济一体化按以下哪一种进程来发展?( )A.自由贸易区、关税同盟、共同市场B.自由贸易区、共同市场、关税同盟C.关税同盟、共同市场、自由贸易区D.共同市场、关税同盟、自由贸易区3.关贸总协定的( )中，通过了第一个“反倾销协议”。

A.狄龙回合B.肯尼迪回合C.东京回合D.乌拉圭回合4.《美国对外贸易定义1941年修订本》中所解释的贸易术语共有( )种。

A. 4B. 6C. 9D. 135.信用证如未规定“不准分批装运”，( )。

A.可以视为允许分批装运B.仍应视为不准分批装运C.应视商品性质而定D.应视不同地区而定6.CFR术语成交( )对卖方而言需要特别注意。

A.租船订舱B.办理保险C.发出装船通知D.费用划分7.商品的国际价值量的高低与劳动生产率( )，与劳动强度成正比。

A.成正比B.相等C.成反比D.不相关8.以下学说中( )不是解释里昂惕夫之谜的。

A.劳动熟练说B.人力资本说C.相互需求说D.技术差距说9.根据国外一些法律的规定(如英国)，凡是既凭样品、又凭规格达成的交易，卖方所交货物须( )。

A.符合样品B.与规格保持一致C.既符合样品，又与规格保持一致D.随意选一种10.以下价格中，除了( )均属于“封闭市场价格”。

A.调拨价格B.垄断价格C.协定价格D.商品交易所价格11.包装费用一般由( )。

A.卖方负担B.买方负担C.双方各半负担D.卖方提出，买方另外支付12.班轮运费( )。

A.包括装卸费，不计滞期、速遣费B.包括装卸费，应计滞期、速遣费C.包括装卸费和滞期费，不计速遣费D.包括装卸费和速遣费，不计滞期费13.中国人民保险公司《海洋运输货物保险条款》规定索赔期限为( )，自被保险货物运抵目的港全部卸离海轮之日起计算。

2005年10月全国国际贸易理论与实务试题(1) 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）}` 7w (资/料来.源,于:ｇzu５2１学;习/网:资格考试;外销员考试]ｇzu５2１.ｃoｍ}` 7w在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．我国某种产品的进口数量突然大幅度增加，使得我国的生产商损失惨重。

为限制其进口增加，我国可引用世界贸易组织的（）a．反补贴规定b．反倾销规定c．保障措施规定d．国民待遇规定2．对于cfr术语合同，买方不接受的提单是（）a．运费已付提单b．已装船提单c．不清洁提单d．启航时间待通知的提单3．2004年，中国的进出口总额为1万亿美元，国内生产总值为13万亿人民币，平均汇率为元人民币／美元，因此，中国的外贸系数约为（）a．20％b．40％c．60％d．80％4．按照要素禀赋理论，在中国与西方发达国家的贸易中，中国应出口（）a．劳动力密集型产品b．资本密集型产品c．技术密集型产品d．土地资源密集型产品5．全球配额的含义是指（）a．世界贸易组织发放的配额b．一国不限定进口国别的配额c．世界发达国家对发展中国家制定的配额d．世界发展中国家对发达国家制定的配额6．买方信贷是指（）a．卖方对买方的信贷b．卖方银行对卖方的信贷c．卖方银行对买方的信贷d．买方银行对卖方的信贷7．在中国的某些旅游景点，外国旅游者的门票价格高于国内旅游者，这种做法不符合wto的（）a．普惠制待遇原则b．国民待遇原则c．最惠国待遇原则d．特惠制待遇原则8．在自由贸易区内，各成员国之间（）a．人员自由流动b．资金自由流动c．对区外进口的关税统一d．商品自由流动9．根据wto的规定，纺织品与服装贸易全部按wto规则运作的最后时间是（）a．2000年b．2002年c．2005年d．2010年10．世界贸易组织成立于（）a．1945年b．1985年c．1995年d．2000年11．普惠制要求（）a．发展中国家对发达国家提供进口关税优惠b．wto成员国对非成员国提供进口关税优惠c．发达国家对发展中国家提供进口关税优惠d．欧盟国家之间提供进口关税优惠12．超保护贸易政策理论兴起于20世纪的（）a．30年代b．50年代c．70年代d．90年代13．按照产品生命周期理论，处于标准化时期的产品通常是（）a．劳动密集型产品b．资本密集型产品c．技术密集型产品d．资源密集型产品14．乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判取得的成就包括（）a．各国取消农产品进口关税b．达成《与贸易有关的投资措施协议》c．达成《与贸易有关的司法协助协议》J cqcM XcMJ cqcM XcMd．各国完全开放证券业务15．寄售方式的性质是（）a．专营b．独立经销c．包销d．委托代售16．“xx公司：你方10日传真收悉。

2005年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试Paper OnePartⅠ Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A Dialogue Completion1.A: Why don‟t you have dinner with me tonight?B:A.Because I have an appointment.B.Sorry about that, but I have to go to a party.C.The reason is that I have to work overtime tonight.D.I‟d love to, but I have to finish my paper.2.A: I‟m afraid I have spilled some coffee on the tablecloth.B:A. Oh, don‟t worry about that.B. You needn‟t apologize.C. I feel sorry for that.D. Oh, you shouldn‟t have done that.3. A: You seem to have a lot of work to do in your office. You‟ve always been working overtime. B:A. You are right, but don‟t you know the meaning of work?B. Sorry, I don‟t think so. I get overpaid for overwork, you know.C. That‟s right. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.D. That‟s right, but the work is interesting. I don‟t mind some extra hours at all.4. A: George, I would like to introduce a friend of mine, if I may: Albert Snow. Albert, this is George Smith. B:A. How have you been?B. Pleased to meet you, George.C. Mind if call you George?D. The pleasure‟s mine.5. A: Excuse me. I don‟t want to interrupt you…B:A. No, no. It‟s quite all right.B. Well, never mind.C. It won‟t bother me.D. Of course not.Section B Dialogue Comprehension6. Man: I saw John yesterday. You know what? He was driving a luxurious car.Woman: He rented it. He often makes believe that he is a millionaire.Question: What does the woman mean?A. Everyone believes that John is a millionaire.B. John dreams of becoming a millionaire.C. John dreams of having a luxurious car.D. John pretends to be a millionaire.7. Woman: I can hardly go on. The work is so tough.Man: Don‟t lose heart. I‟ll back you up all the time.Question: What does the man mean?A. He will help the woman with her work.B. He will support the woman.C. He will do the work for the woman.D. He will encourage the woman.8. Man: I didn‟t know you got a promotion. Why didn‟t you tell me earlier so that we could have celebrated it? Woman: I guess it slipped my mind. My mind was lost to other things because of work.Question: What does the woman mean?A. She felt lost with her work.B. She had a poor memory.C. She forgot to tell him.D. She had to go to work.9. Man: The new Chevy Chase film was terrific!Woman: Oh, come off it, Al. Chevy Chase is a great comedian, but he sure didn‟t show it in that movie. Question: What does the woman think of the movie?A. It‟s great comedy.B. It‟s typical Chevy Chase film.10. Woman: You haven‟t said a word about my dress, Dave. Don‟t you like it?Man: I‟m sorry I didn‟t say anything about it sooner. I don‟t think I‟ve seen anything like is before.Question: What does the man probably think of the dress?A. It is in fashion.B. It surely is unique.C. It is a bit old-fashioned.D. It surely suits her.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A11.Should English classes be compulsory at the elementary or primary school level in countrieswhere it is not the native language?A. requiredB. necessaryC. selectedD. permanent讲义3．Next semester, Susan must take three compulsory courses.A. formalB. voluntaryC. practicalD. required12.In the end, both attacks and defenses of the free market and conventional economics haveimmense philosophical implications.A. traditionalB. novelC. capital-centeredD. consumption-centered 讲义9. Tiny atomic electric batteries have certain advantages over the ______ storage batteries.A. universalB. inclusiveC. indefinite22. The girl of ten has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.A. regularB. specificC. extraordinary13.Applicant will be asked to provide information on how they will disseminate information toother students at their university or college.A. discloseB. deliverC. spreadD. analyze14.In general, the British people belong to one of the more affluent countries of Europe and enjoy ahigh standard of living compared to the rest of the world.A. plentifulB. powerfulC. friendlyD. wealthy15.To absorb a younger work force, many companies offered retirement plans as incentives forolder workers to retire and make way for the younger ones who earned lower salaries.A. rewardsB. opportunitiesC. motivesD. stimuli讲义2. The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize.A. motiveB. initiativeC. excitementD. entertainment16.Their business flourished at its new location a year later owing to their joint efforts and hardwork.A. prevailedB. failedC. boomedD. shrank讲义：11. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once ______.A. thrivedB. swelledC. prospered17.The pressure on her from her family caused her to resort to the drastic measures.A. turn toB. keep toC. stick toD. lead to18.I shall never forget the look of intense anguish on the face of his parents when they heard thenews.A. stressB. dilemmaC. miseryD. surprise19.If minor disputes are left unsettled, tough ones will pile up sooner or later.A. accumulateB. vanishC. lingerD. emerge20.The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds in front of the government building.A. unskillfullyB. violentlyC. ineffectivelyD. eventuallyyour department.A. satisfactionB. gratitude D. sincerity讲义：1. I' d like to take this opportunity to extend my heart-felt gratitude to the host.A. increaseB. prolongC. intensifyD. express22.The objective of this popular consultation is to determine, , the final political status of theregion, whether to remain part of the country as a special district, or to part from it.A. once upon a timeB. once and againC. all at onceD. once and for all从前一而再，屡次断然地, 坚决地23.The two countries will assign counter-drug officials to their respective embassies ona basis.A. fundamentalB. similarC. reciprocal 互惠的D. reasonable24.Tennessee‟s population is nearly two-fifths rural, and no single city or group ofcities the state.A. dominatesB. managesC. manipulatesD. controls25.We all know that in a situation like this a cool head is .A. called forB. called offC. called onD. called up讲义：9. A well-written composition ______ good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A. calls onB. calls forC. calls upD. calls off26.The destruction an earthquake causes depends on its and duration, or the amount ofshaking that occurs.A. altitudeB. magnitudeC. multitudeD. aptitude讲义：35. In my opinion, you can widen the ______ of these improvements through your active participation.A. dimensionB. volume D. scope27.The El Nino has affected the regional weather and temperature over much of the tropics,sub-tropics and some mid-latitude areas.A. externallyB. consistentlyC. insistentlyD. internally28.During all these years of absence he had a tender feeling for his mother and the family.A. enclosedB. huggedC. enrichedD. cherished29.The choice for a consumer, therefore, is the choice among the available ones that willenable him or her to maximize utility.A. optimalB. optionalC. opticalD. optimistic30.Mrs. Smith tears when she heard her daughter had died in the road accident.A. broke inB. broke upC. broke throughD. broke intoPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points)Passage OneIt was Friday, the day of the field trip on which Miss Joan would take her class to pick apples.Miss Joan enjoyed picking apples with her students. She smiled as she led her students to the bus that would take them to the Greenly Apple Orchard（果园）.The bus ride was bumpy and the kids were a little noisy, but still Miss Joan was smiling.The bus stopped in front of the Greenly Orchard Store and the class got off quickly and quietly. Miss Joan made sure everyone was there. “What a glorious,sunny, apple picking day,” Miss Joan announced with her grandest smile.Mr. Greenly was there to greet them. “Let see, there are eighteen children and two adults atMiss Joan held u p the brochure in her hand. “It says that the price is two dollars each,”she pointed ort. “That‟s what I collected from everyone.”“We‟ve had to raise the price,” Mr. Greenly stated.“You sent me this brochure after we made our reservation,” Miss Joan complained, “and it says two dollars!”“Miss Joan, if you look at the bottom of this brochure,” Mr. Greenly said, “you‟ll notice a very important statement.”Sure enough, in very tiny letters, it said, “Prices are subject to change without notice.”Miss Joan was determined to keep her good mood. She took a twenty dollars bill out of her own purse and handed it to Mr. Greenly with the forty dollars she had in an envelope.“Now children, do you all have your baskets?” Miss Joan called out. “Remember, you can pic k as many apples six apples each.”“I beg your pardon!”Miss Joan was not smiling now. “The brochure says,…ALL YOU CAN PICK‟!”Mr. Greenly pointed to the tiniest letters Miss Joan had ever almost seen. It also says, “Terms and conditions of group reservat ions are subject to change without notice.”Miss Joan‟s good mood was now history. She didn‟t want to set a bad example for her students, so she said in a calm and quiet voice, “We‟re going home, give me our money back, please.”31.How many dollars did Miss Joan hand to Mr. Greenly?A. 20.B. 40.C. 60.D. 1832.The phrase “subject to change without notice” suggests .A.Mr. Greenly could change the terms at will.B.the customers should read the brochure carefullyC.Mr. Greenly could determine what apples to be picked.D.the customers should be informed beforehand.33.The students could not pick as many apples as they would like because .A.they were children.B. there were not enough apples.C. they had made a group reservation.D. they would eat up too many apples.34.“Miss Joan‟s good mood was now history?”(the last paragraph) means .A.Miss Joan had been happy until that moment.B.Miss Joan was no longer interested in history.C.Miss Joan taught her students the history of the orchard.D.Miss Joan was good at concealing her feelings35.What can we learn about Miss Joan from the story?A. She did not read the brochure carefully.B. She made a reservation after seeing the brochure.C. She lost her temper in the end.D. She didn‟t know h ow to complain.Passage TwoBoth civilization and culture are fairly modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists(人类学家), historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same.Although modern in their usage, the two words derived from ancient Latin. The word civilization is based on the Latin civis, of a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, isit would seem that certain insects, such as ants or bees, are also civilized. They live and work together in social groups. So do some microorganisms. But there is more to civilization, and that is what culture brings to it. So, civilization is inseparable from culture.The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, till the soil. But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden; one may also cultivate one‟s interests, mind, and abilities. In its modern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanity that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic that seems to be unique to human beings.One of the basic and best-know features of civilization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon, a result of creativity. It took thousands of years to get from the first wheel to the latest, most advanced model of automobile.It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkey‟s clevernes s, be modified into a hook or a ladder. Monkeys have never devised a spoken language, written a book, composed a melody, built a house, or painted a portrait. To say that birds build nests and beavers(海狸)their dens is to miss the point. People once lived in caves, but their cleverness, imagination, and creativity led them to progress beyond caves to buildings.36. What does the author think of the words “civilization”and “culture”?A. They are identical.B. They are different concepts.C. They can often be used interchangeably.D. They are defined differently by different people.37. According to the author the word “civilization” originally refers to .A. people‟s way of life in citiesB. people‟s ability to live together in citiesC. a type of social organizationsD. an advanced level of social life38. The Latin verb colere originally means “”.A. live in a cityB. develop oneselfC. promote growthD. cultivate the land39. The author believes that creativity .A. is a unique feature of civilized beingsB. brings forth the improvement of toolsC. is the result of human developmentD. helps the advance of culture40. The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that .A. monkeys are the same as birdsB. people once lived in caves like monkeysC. monkeys can never develop into human beingsD. man is different from other animals such as monkeysPassage ThreeThe huge growth of global “ecotourism”industry is becoming an increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. Overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behaviour and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins and gorillas(大猩猩)，says a report in New Scientist.While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, it says.environmentally friendly policies and operations.”While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “many projects are p oorly designed and hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations.”Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered.“Transmission of disease to wildlife, or subtle changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily routines or increased stress levels may translate to lowered survival and breeding,” he said. Research at the University of Auckland has shown that dolphins become restless and overactive when many tourist boats are present. When three or more boats are near, the dolphins rest for 0.5 percent of the time, compared with 68 percent when they are accompanied by a single boat. The findings are backed up by studies of dolphins in Britain. Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada have found that male polar bears easily disturbed by tourist vehicles, with a possible effect on their heart rate and metabolism(新陈代谢). That could reduce body fat levels and fitness, critical for survival.In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their habitat by tourists and mongooses(蠓)have caught lung diseases from human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model.41. Ecotourism is meant to .A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlifeB. have wild species respond well to contact with humansC. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behaviourD. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist projects .A. really encourage people to protect wildlife and its habitatB. strictly follow environmentally friendly policiesC. actually lack proper examination and official approvalD. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species43. What will happen to wildlife ul timately if the present “ecotourism” practice goes on?A. It will disturb their life.B. It will affect their health.C. It will increase their stress.D. It will threaten their survival.44. According to the passage, the growth in the global “ecotourism” industry .A. reflects an increasing concern for conservationB. arouses a growing concern for conservationC. coincides with a mounting concern for conservationD. originates from a grater concern for conservation45. According to the passage, a solution to the “ecotourism” problem is to .A. encourage people to manage endangered speciesB. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beingsC. help wild animals increase their fitnessD. prevent wildlife from catching human diseasesComputers can beat chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation. Artificial Intelligence computers have large amounts of memory, capable of storing huge translating dictionaries and extensive lists of grammar rules. Yet, today‟s best computer language translators have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientist s are still unable to program the computer with human-like common sense reasoning power.Computer language translation is called Machine Translation, or MT. While not perfect, MT is surprisingly good. MT was designed to process dry, technical language that people find tedious to translate. Computers can translate basic phrases, such as “You foot bone‟s connected to your ankle bone, your ankle bone‟s connected to your leg bone.” They can translate more difficult phrases, such as “Which witch is which?” Computers can also accurately translate “Wild thing, you make my heart sing!” into other languages because they can understand individual words, as long as the words are pre-programmed in their dictionary.But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs. Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pe n(围养禽畜的圈),” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used.In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the “experience” of translating. Even with these efforts, programmers admit that a “thinking” computer might not ever be invented in the future.46. Computers today are capable of .A. defeating the best chess player in the worldB. telling subtle differences between languagesC. translating over 60 percent of difficult textsD. doing human-like common sense reasoning47. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Computers can translate dry and difficult phrases.B. Computers can understand sensitive language.C. Computers can translate technical language.D. Computers can understand pre-programmed words.48. The major problem with computer translating programs is that computers .A. can not translate illogical sentencesB. do not have a large enough capacity of memoryC. can not understand grammatical rulesD. do not have intuition to process language49. To improve machine translation, computer programmers are trying to .A. use powerful rule-programmed computersB. teach computers to think by practiceC. have computers compile translating dictionariesD. add explanations of words in computer programs50. The passage suggests that .A. the accuracy rate of machine translation cannot be raisedB. it is impossible for computers to think as humans doC. only technical language is suitable for machine translationD. it is impossible to determine of identical wordsSeveral years ago during the dot-com passion, Manhattan lawyer John Kennedy sometimes wore a dark blue suit to meet potential Internet clients. But he soon realized that his conservative clothes were a strike against him before he even shook hands. So he began to do business in casual, open-shirt clothes.But now the tables have turned. Today Silicon Valley executives are the ones often coming out in suits. No wonder that Fortune 500 executives are dusting off their silk ties and pants.” I would say there is a trend now toward a little more business dress,” said Kennedy. “I find myself wearing suits more.”While there isn‟t a rush toward formal office wear, clothiers and executives say the workplace uniform is heading that way. In many offices, men are wearing jackets, ties and pants more frequently than a year age. Top women executives never went as casual as men, so the shift doesn‟t affect them as dramatically.“Business casual” took several years to catch on. It started with casual Fridays, evolved to casual summers, then became casual everyday. A return to the button-down look also will take time, observers say. Lehman Brothers is one of the few major firms that has officially returned to a formal dress policy, at least for offices that clients visit. Men were told to wear suits and ties and women to wear suits or dresses. The shift is due to a rethinking of work environments and more contacts with clients as the firm has grown.Observers mention many factors driving the trend. Internet companies helped lead the dress-down movement and other industries followed suit to attract workers. But with the collapse of many dot-coms, the relaxed look is becoming a style to avoid. Moreover, as the economy stumbles, more people are hunting for jobs or trying to keep the ones they have, and appearance counts.US President Bush wears a coat and tie in the White House office and expects his staff to dress “professionally,” which some say sets a tome for the nation.Chuck Wardell, managing director of a recruiting firm, believes a lot of employees like a stiffer uniform. “They‟re going to work. They don‟t want to feel like they‟re going to a picnic.”51.”Business casual” was prevalent several years ago because _____.A. the Manhattan law business grew very quicklyB. shaking hands with clients became popularC. the country was fighting the conservativesD. the Internet companies boomed then52. When the “bu siness ca sual” prevailed, _____.A. businessmen wore ties only in workplaceB. businessmen didn‟t wear ties at allC. businesswomen didn‟t wear formally in workplaceD. businesswomen still wore formally everywhere53. The Fortune 500 executives__________.A. set the trend toward more casual wearB. are particular about what they wearC. begin to wear suits more often than beforeD. are usually indifferent to fashion trend54. At the beginning of the “business casual” trend, business people wore casually___________.A. when meeting clientsB. on weekendsC. in summerD. almost every day55. It is implied in the passage that the change of business dress from the casual to the formalreflects_____.A. the changed of people‟s taste in fashionB. the ups and downs of the fashion industryC. the ups and downs of the Internet companiesD. people‟s different preference in business dressPart IV CloseThe United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage 56 in the United States ---about 9 new marriages for every 1,000 people ---is 57 higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is 58 as widespread as it was several decades ago. 59 of American adults who are married 60 _ form 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002.This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried 61 their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some 62 in their lives. Experts_ 63 that about the same proportion of today‟s young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied 64 over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25.The average age of men was about 27.Men and women in the United States marry for the first time at an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. 65 ,young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous 66 in U.S. history. Today‟s later age of marriage is 67 the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent)during the 1950s than at any time before 68 .Experts do not agree on why the “marriage rush” of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a 69 to the return of peaceful life and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic 70 and war.56. A. rate B. ratio C. percentage D. poll57. A. potentially B. intentionally C. randomly D. substantially相当大的58. A. not any longer B. no more C. no longer D. not any more59. A. A proportion B. The proportion C. The number D. A number60. A. declined B. deteriorated C. deduced D. demolished61. A. past B. passing C. throughout D. through62. A. period B. level C. point D. respect63. A. project B. plan C. promise D. propose64. A . unexpectedly B. irregularly C. flexibly D. consistently65. A. Besides B. However C. Whereas D. Nevertheless66. A. descendants B. ascendants C. population D. generation67. A. according to B. in line with C. based on D. caused by68. A. and after B. or after C. or since D. ever since69. A. refusal B. realization C. response D. reality70. A. repression B. aggression C. restriction D. depressionPart V Error Detection71. It is an accepted custom for guests to take their gifts to the wedding reception when the coupleinvited them to attend.72. Some international students use a cassette recorder to make tapes of their classes so that theycan repeat the lectures again.73. Despite of diligent efforts to promote domestic production during the war years, the ContinentalArmy had to rely primarily on captures and imports for much of its military hardware and even for clothing.74. In a sense, farmers began primitive genetic engineering at the dawn of agriculture, which theykept seeds from their best plants, gradually improving the quality of successive generations.。

参考答案对外经济贸易大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试413国际贸易学综合试题一、名词解释（每小题4分，共20分）1．充分就业预算盈余：指既定的政府预算在充分就业的国民收入水平即潜在的国民收入水平上所产生的政府预算盈余。

它不同于实际的预算盈余，实际的预算盈余是以实际的国民收入水平来衡量预算状况的，因此二者的差别就在于充分就业的国民收入与实际的国民收入水平的差额。

如果用t 、G 、TR 分别表示边际税率、既定的政府购买支出和政府转移支付支出，用y 和*y 分别表示实际收入和潜在收入，则充分就业预算盈余(用*BS 表示)和实际预算盈余(用BS 表示)分别为*BS =t *y —G —TR 和BS=t y —G —TR ，二者差额为*BS －BS ＝t （y －*y ）。

充分就业预算盈余的概念提出具有两个十分重要的作用。

第一，把收入水平固定在充分就业的水平上，消除经济中收入水平周期性波动对预算状况的影响，从而就能更准确地反映财政政策对预算状况的影响，并为判断财政政策是扩张性的，还是紧缩性的，提供了一个较为准确的依据。

若充分就业预算盈余增加了或赤字减少了，财政政策就是紧缩的，反之，则政策是扩张的。

第二，使政策制定者充分注重充分就业问题，以充分就业为目标确定预算规模从而确定财政政策。

但是，这一概念同样存在一定的缺陷，因为充分就业的国民收入或潜在国民收入本身就是难以准确估算的。

2．平衡关税：也就是差别关税，是指对同一种商品由于输出国或生产国情况的不同而使用的有差别对待的进口关税。

一般意义上的差别关税的形式主要有反倾销税、反补贴税和报复关税等。

此类差别关税的征收税额是在正税之外对有关倾销差额、补贴金额以附加税的形式征收，以平衡其差额，故称平衡关税。

3．复汇率：指一种货币（或一个国家）实行两种或两种以上汇率的情况，不同的汇率用于不同的国际经贸活动。

复汇率是外汇管制的一种产物。

设置复汇率的主要目的在于：（1）鼓励或限制某些商品出口；（2）鼓励或限制某些货物进口；（3）鼓励某些商品在国内生产；（4）借高价卖出或低价买入以充实国库。

对外经济贸易大学2005─2006学年第二学期《国际商法》期末考试试卷 A 卷标准答案和评分标准课程代码及课序号：LAW407-4一、单选题（共25题，每题2分，共50分）1、C2、A3、C4、B5、B6、A7、C8、A9、C 10、C11、C 12、C 13、B 14、C 15、C16、C 17、C 18、B 19、C 20、A21、A 22、B 23、B 24、B 25、B二、名词解释(共5题，每题3分，共15分)1、自知无知根据美国法，如果当事人已经意识到某一事实的存在有可疑之处，并基于对该事实的臆测而签约，他就不能再主张合同可以撤销，因为他已经承担了发生错误的风险。

2、不安抗辩权因为双务合同而负有先为给付义务的，在合同订立后另一方的财产发生明显减少，并由此危害对待给付的请求权时，可以在对待给付履行钱或者在为对待给付提供担保前，拒绝其负担的给付。

3、商业判断原则董事会根据合理的信息和合乎理性的判断作出的商业决议不应让董事承担责任，即使这样的决议从公司的角度来看是有害的，甚至是带有灾难性的。

4、表见代理为无权代理的一种，属广义的无权代理，它是指行为人没有代理权，但交易相对人有理由相信行为人有代理权的无权代理。

此种场合下，该种无权代理可发生与有权代理同样的法律效果。

5、Estoppel使得本来没有拘束力的诺言，对诺言人产生拘束力；诺言人有理由预见到受诺人对诺言会产生依赖；受诺人事实上产生了这种依赖；并且基于这种信赖行事；如果不兑现诺言，将会产生不公平的结果。

三、简述题(共3题，每题5分，共15分)1、比较英国普通法和衡平法的差异1）救济方法不同2）诉讼程序不同3）法院组织系统不同4）法律术语不同（3分）普通法涉及合同、侵权等传统法律领域，后来发展的部门法律更多是衡平法的范畴（2分）2、分析“一人公司”的利弊。

一人公司，也称独资公司，是指由一名股东（自然人或法人）持有公司的全部出资或所有股份的有限责任公司或股份有限公司。

2005年全国国际商务单证员培训认证考试国际商务单证缮制与操作试题及详解一、单据改错（20分）1 信用证中有关资料如下：ORDER STYLE QTY/PCS USD/PCS152-038 28367-J 1200 3.95152-068 27247-W 1500 1.72WOMENS 100PCT POL YESTER KNIT SPRING JACKETFOB SHANGHAI, CHINACOMMERCIAL INVOICE CERTIFY THA T COMMODITES ARE OF CHINA ORIANAND H.S. CODE 6109.1000IT IS TO CERIFY THAT COMMODITES ARE OF CHINA ORIGIA ORIGIN H.S.CODE 6190.1000商业发票是出口方向进口方开列发货价目清单，是买卖双方记账的依据，也是进出口报关交税的总说明。

商业发票是收汇单证中最重要的单据，能让有关当事人了解一笔交易的全貌。

其他单据都是以发票为依据的。

经审核，该商业发票存在以下问题：1 应在“唛头及件号（MARKS AND NUMBER）”一栏补填“no mark”或“N/M”.解析：凡是来证有指定唛头的，必须逐字按照规定制唛；如无指定，出口商可自行设计唛头，或用“no mark”或“N/M”来表示无唛头，不能留空不填。

2“货物描述（DESCRIPTION OF GOODS）”一栏填写过于简单，应将“WOMENS JACKET”修改为“WOMEN 100 PCT POL YESTER KNIT SPRING JACKET”，再补填“ORDER 152-038 STYLE 28367-J”,“ORDER 152-068 STYLE 27247-W”。

解析：货物描述一般包括货物名称、规格、数量、单价、贸易术语、包装等项目。

信用证方式项下，商业发票中对货物的描述应与信用证中的描述一致，当使用其他支付方式（如托收）时，货物描述内容应与合同内容一致，本题中原商业发票货物描述一栏填写过于简单，需按照信用证内容填写。

国际贸易学习题库（附答案）1、在托收项下，单据的缮制通常以（）为依据。

A、信用证B、发票C、合同D、提单答案：C2、负责制定《2000年国际贸易术语通则》的组织是（）。

A、国际法协会B、国际商会C、经合组织D、WTO答案：B3、既有自愿性，又有强制性的解决争议的方式是（）。

A、协商B、调解C、诉讼D、仲裁答案：D4、根据UCP600，银行不接受（）。

A、背面空白的提单B、简式提单C、注明货物包装可能无法满足海运航程的提单D、注明货装舱面的提单答案：D5、根据UCP600，可转让信用证可以转让第二受益人的个数是：A、1个B、2个C、3个D、若干个答案：D6、我方公司星期一对外发盘，限星期五复到有效，客户于星期二回电还盘并邀我电复。

此时，国际市场价格上涨，故我未予答复。

客户又于星期三来电表示接受我方公司星期一的发盘，在上述情况下( )。

A、接受有效B、接受无效C、如我方未提出异议，则合同成立D、属于有条件的接受答案：B7、买卖合同中的当事人：（）。

A、发货人与收货人B、发货人与买方C、卖方与收货人D、卖方与买方答案：D8、我方出口大宗商品,按CIF新加坡成交,合同规定采用程租船运输,我方不愿承担卸货费用,则我方应选择的贸易术语的变形是( )。

A、CIF Liner Terms SingaporeB、CIF Landed SingaporeC、CIF Ex Ship’s Hold SingaporeD、CIF Ex Tackle Singapore答案：C9、由于正常航道受阻不能通行，船舶必须绕道才能将货物运至目的港时，船方加收（）。

A、直航附加费B、选卸港附加费C、绕航附加费D、港口拥挤附加费答案：C10、主管中国进出口商品检验工作的行政执法机构是（）。

A、海关总署B、国家质检总局C、中国检验认证（集团）公司D、国家工商总局答案：B11、托运人是凭（）向船公司换取正式提单。

A、托运单B、装货单C、收货单D、发票答案：C12、[]一项逾期接受在任何情况下都是无效的。

上海理工大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试国际贸易试题及答案详解考试科目：国际贸易一、名词解释（10%）1．净贸易条件2．对外贸易地理方向3．以进养出4．对外直接投资5．最惠国待遇二、填空（15%）1．_______因素是一切经济活动的基础，对国际分工起重要作用，但这种因素只提供国际分工的可能性，不提供现实性。

对国际分工起主导作用的因素是_______ 。

2．在补偿贸易中，有第三方参与，并负责接受、销售或提供补偿产品的，称作_________。

3．美国经济学家________将市场营销学的一种概念引入国际贸易理论，提出了产品周期说，认为许多新产品的生命周期经历______时期、_______时期和________时期等三个时期。

4．海关是设在______（即海关管辖并执行其有关法令和规章的区域）上的_______机构。

5．进口附加税主要包括_______和________。

6．对外贸易是在一定历史条件下产生和发展起来的，它的产生必须具备以下两个直接条件：_______和_______。

归根结底，对外贸易产生和发展的基础是_______和_______。

三、判断（10%）1．一个国家或地区可以同时成为两个甚至更多个区域经济一体化组织的成员。

（）2．最惠国税不是最优惠的关税待遇。

（）3．一国或地区的总贸易额是指该国或地区一定时期内货物进出口额、服务进出口额和技术进出口额（如有的话）的总和。

（）4．国际货物从生产国借道第三国输往消费国的贸易活动不一定都是转口贸易。

（）5．多数发展中国家在经济开放初期，往往选择进口替代的贸易发展模式，即进口外国产品以替代本国利用稀缺要素，高成本、低效率生产的相同产品，从而达到资源合理配置的目的。

（）6．对进入进口国保税区内的外国商品不征收进口关税，并允许在保税区内进行储存、展览、改装、分类、混合、加工和制造，甚至再出口，但仍受到进口国海关的监管。

（）7．自由贸易是贸易自由化的一种形式，两者既有联系又有区别。

2005－2006学年度第二学期期末考试试卷（A）＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝国际贸易实务A卷（请将所有答案写在第四页答题纸上）一、单项选择题1、改革开放以后，对外贸易在我国国民经济中（）。

A.处于重要的战略地位B.起经济增长发动机作用C.处于辅助地位 D、没有起到推动经济发展作用2、与进出口贸易关系最大，也是最重要的一项国际条约是（）。

Ａ、《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》Ｂ、《国际贸易术语解释通则》Ｃ、《跟单信用证统一通则》Ｄ、《托收统一规则3、按照《2000年通则》的解释，CIF与CFR的主要区别在于( )。

A. 办理租船订舱的责任方不同 B．办理货运保险的责任方不同C. 风险划分的界限不同 D．办理出口手续的责任方不同4、在实际业务中，FOB条件下，买方常委托卖方代为租船、订舱，其费用由买方负担。

如到期订不到舱，租不到船，( )。

A．卖方不承担责任，其风险由买方承担 B．卖方承担责任，其风险也由卖方承担C．买卖双方共同承担责任、风险 D．双方均不承担责任，合同停止履行5、以下关于国际贸易术语“CIF”的内容提法正确的是( )。

A 卖方除承担成本加运费的义务外，还要负责办理运输保险并支付保险费。

B 卖方在投保时应投保一切险。

C 卖方必须将货物实际交付给买方，才算完成了交货义务。

D 货物的风险在货物实际交付时由卖方转移给卖方6、负责制定《2000通则》的组织是（）。

A、国际法协会B、国际商会C、经合组织D、WTO7、珠宝、首饰等商品具有独特性质，在出口确定其品质时（）。

A.最好用样品磋商B.最好用文字说明C.最好看货洽谈成交D最好凭产地名称买卖8、若合同规定有品质公差条款，则在公差范围内，买方（）A、不得拒收货物B、可以拒收货物C、可以要求调整价格D、可以拒收货物也可以要求调整价格9、在国际贸易中，木材、天然气和化学气体习惯的计量单位（）。

A、按重量计算B、按面积计算C、按体积计算D、按容积计算10、在交易磋商中，有条件的接受是（）A、接受的一种形式B、还盘的一种形式C、递盘的一种形式D、订单的一种形式11、英国某买方向我轻工业出口公司来电“拟购美加净牙膏大号1000罗请电告最低价格最快交货期”，此来电属交易磋商的（）环节。

西安交通大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：国际贸易（含国际金融）科目编号：488考试时间：1月23日下午《国际贸易》（总计100分）一、名词解释（每小题3分，共6小题，合计18分）1．国际分工2．产业内贸易3．绿色壁垒4．战略性贸易政策5．区域经济一体化6．WTO二、简答题（每小题10分，共5小题，合计50分）1．二战后国际贸易迅速发展的原因及特点。

2．试用图示“国际贸易中产品生命周期的动态变化”。

3．国家竞争优势理论与比较优势理论的联系与区别。

4．对外贸易对一国经济发展影响的动态效应。

5．国际服务贸易的主要形式。

三、论述题（32分）非关税壁垒设置与演变对我国对外贸易发展影响的双重性分析。

《国际金融》（总计50分）一、名词解释（每小题2分，共5小题，合计10分）1．official Reserves 2．Absorption Approach 3．Capital Flight4．The Theory of International Indebtedness 5．Interdelivery Spread二、简答题（每小题10分，共2小题，合计20分）1．试析确定一国国际储备水平的理论和模型。

2．简述银行如何进行外汇风险管理。

三、计算分析（每小题10分，共2小题，合计20分）1．简述国际收支的弹性分析法和马歇尔-勒纳条件。

2．应用上述方法并结合J曲线分析下列情形：为了改善贸易收支，荷兰政府决定将其货币贬值10%，即由原来的1美元=2.0荷兰盾调整到1美元=2.2荷兰盾。

若荷兰的出口需求弹性和进口需求弹性分别为1.2和0.5：假定荷兰进出口供给弹性为无穷大，分析货币贬值可能对荷兰贸易收支的改善起多大的作用，其作用的过程将是如何展开的。