英语简单句、并列句、复合句解析
简单句、并列句和复合句
考点一简单句
1. 简单句只包含一个主谓结构.
2. 五种简单句:
1) 主+谓. He comes at last.
2) 主+系+表. She is a teacher.
The soup tastes nice.
3) 主+谓+宾. They reached the village.
4) 主+谓+间宾+直宾.He gave me a pen.
5) 主+谓+宾+宾补.I find that book very useful.
考点二并列句
并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。
常用的连接词有：
1. 表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。
She ______ gave us a lot of advice, _______helped us to overcome difficulties.
Linda tried to become an excellentteacher, _____ at last she succeeded.
2. 表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则）
Do you want to leave now ____ would yourather set off later?
Wear your coat, ____ you’ll catch a cold.
3. 表示转折关系的有but, yet等。
He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。
4. 表示因果关系的有for, so 等。
My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。
考点三主从复合句：宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的引导词
（1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略)
He tells me (that ) he is going shopping thisSunday.
(2) 引导一般疑问句用if或whether.
She asked me if\ whether she could join us.(whether…or not)
(3) 引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。
She asked them what they were doing.
2. 宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。
I want to know when the train left.
3. 宾语从句的时态
（1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。He tells us that he has been able to lookafter himself.
(2) 主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。
They said that they had already finished thework.
(3) 如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句
都用一般现在时。
He said that light travels faster than sound.
3. 练习
1）Sheasked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” (改为含宾语从句的复合句) She asked me______ I ______ go to the cinema the next day.
2) Howlovely the dog is! Can you tell me _____?
A. where did you get it
B.where will you get it
C. where you got it
3) --- Can you tell me _____ your parents at home?
--- I often wash clothes and sweepthe floor.
A. how will you help
B. how you help
C. how will you help
D. how do you help
4) When I was young, my grandfather told me that the sun ______ (rise) inthe east.
考点四状语从句
一、状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。
1.地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where 引导。
Put allthe things _____they were.
A. where
B. when
C. whose
D. which
2.时间状语从句(主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时)
时间状语从句的引导词有when, before, after, until, assoon as, since, while, as 等
She wascooking when someone knock at the door.
What willyou do after you finished your homework?
3.条件状语从句
在条件状语从句中，常用的引导词有if, unless等。
If itdosen’t rain, I” ll go fishing.
They willhave a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.
4.原因状语从句
原因状语从句常用的引导词有because, as, since（既然）等
He didn’tcome because he was ill.
Since weare students, we should study hard.
*Because 和so 不能在一个句子中同时使用。
5. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句主要由so…that…, such…that…引导。
It’s sohot that we want to go swimming.
That’ssuch an interesting story that everybody likes it.
*So… that…与简单句之间的句型转换
1）that后的句子是否定句，常用too…to进行转换。
He is soyoung that he can’t go to school.→ he is too young to go to school.
2) that后的句子是肯定句。常用enough to 进行转换。
The shirtwas so cheap that he bought it. → the shirt was cheap enough forhim to buy.
6.目的状语从句
目的状语从句常用的引导词有so that, in order that 等→in order to 简单句
Pleasesay it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.
