常用溶剂参数表
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溶剂危害性分类一类溶剂:应避免致癌物;备受怀疑的致癌物;环境危害物二类溶剂:设定残余量,限量使用非基因性动物致癌物;可能导致不可逆中毒,比如神经性中毒,畸形;可能导致其他可逆性中毒三类溶剂: 低毒对人体有潜在毒性,可以接触,但不超过50mg/day。
Solvent Other Names Structure ClassAcetic acid Ethanoic acid CH3COOH三类溶剂2-PropanoneAcetoneCH3COCH3三类溶剂Propan-2-oneAcetonitrile CH3CN二类溶剂Anisole Methoxybenzene三类溶剂Benzene Benzol一类溶剂n-Butyl alcoholCH3(CH2)3OH三类溶剂1-ButanolButan-1-olsec-Butyl alcohol2-ButanolCH3CH2CH(OH)CH3三类溶剂Butan-2-olButyl acetate Acetic acid butyl ester CH3COO(CH2)3CH3三类溶剂tert-Butylmethyl ether2-Methoxy-2-methyl- propane(CH3)3COCH3三类溶剂Carbon tetrachloride Tetrachloromethane CCl4一类溶剂Chlorobenzene二类溶剂Chloroform Trichloromethane CHCl3二类溶剂IsopropylbenzeneCumene三类溶剂(1-Methyl)ethylbenzeneCyclohexane Hexamethylene二类溶剂1,2-Dichloroethane sym-Dichloroethane CH2ClCH2Cl一类溶剂Ethylene dichlorideEthylene chloride1,1-Dichloroethene1,1-DichloroethyleneVinylidene chlorideH2C=CCl2一类溶剂1,2-Dichloroethene1,2-DichloroethyleneAcetylene dichlorideClHC=CHCl二类溶剂Dichloromethane Methylene chloride CH2Cl2二类溶剂1,2-Dimethoxyethane Ethyleneglycol dimethyl etherMonoglymeDimethyl CellosolveH3COCH2CH2OCH3二类溶剂N,N-Dimethylacetamide DMA CH3CON(CH3)2二类溶剂N,N-Dimethylformamide DMF HCON(CH3)2二类溶剂Dimethyl sulfoxide MethylsulfinylmethaneMethyl sulfoxideDMSO(CH3)2SO三类溶剂1,4-Dioxanep-Dioxane[1,4]Dioxane二类溶剂Ethanol Ethyl alcohol CH3CH2OH三类溶剂2-Ethoxyethanol Cellosolve CH3CH2OCH2CH2OH二类溶剂Ethyl acetate Acetic acid ethyl ester CH3COOCH2CH3三类溶剂Ethyleneglycol1,2-Dihydroxyethane1,2-EthanediolHOCH2CH2OH二类溶剂Ethyl ether Diethyl etherEthoxyethane1,1'-OxybisethaneCH3CH2OCH2CH3三类溶剂Ethyl formate Formic acid ethyl ester HCOOCH2CH3三类溶剂Formamide Methanamide HCONH2二类溶剂Formic acid HCOOH三类溶剂Heptane n-Heptane CH3(CH2)5CH3三类溶剂Hexane n-Hexane CH3(CH2)4CH3二类溶剂Isobutyl acetate Acetic acid isobutyl ester CH3COOCH2CH(CH3)2三类溶剂Isopropyl acetate Acetic acid isopropyl ester CH3COOCH(CH3)2三类溶剂Methanol Methyl alcohol CH3OH二类溶剂2-Methoxyethanol Methyl Cellosolve CH3OCH2CH2OH二类溶剂Methyl acetate Acetic acid methyl ester CH3COOCH3三类溶剂3-Methyl-1-butanol Isoamyl alcoholIsopentyl alcohol3-Methylbutan-1-ol(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH三类溶剂Methylbutyl ketone2-HexanoneHexan-2-oneCH3(CH2)3COCH3二类溶剂Methylcyclohexane Cyclohexylmethane 二类溶剂Methylethyl ketone 2-ButanoneMEKButan-2-oneCH3CH2COCH3三类溶剂Methylisobutyl ketone 4-Methylpentan-2-one4-Methyl-2-pentanoneMIBKCH3COCH2CH(CH3)2三类溶剂2-Methyl-1-propanolIsobutyl alcohol2-Methylpropan-1-ol(CH3)2CHCH2OH三类溶剂N-Methylpyrrolidone1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-one1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone二类溶剂Nitromethane CH3NO2二类溶剂Pentane n-Pentane CH3(CH2)3CH3三类溶剂1-Pentanol Amyl alcoholPentan-1-olPentyl alcoholCH3(CH2)3CH2OH三类溶剂1-PropanolPropan-1-olPropyl alcoholCH3CH2CH2OH三类溶剂2-Propanol Propan-2-ol(CH3)2CHOH三类溶剂Isopropyl alcoholPropyl acetate Acetic acid propyl ester CH3COOCH2CH2CH3三类溶剂Pyridine二类溶剂Sulfolane Tetrahydrothiophene1,1-dioxide二类溶剂TetrahydrofuranTetramethylene oxideOxacyclopentane三类溶剂Tetralin1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-naphthalene二类溶剂Toluene Methylbenzene二类溶剂1,1,1-Trichloroethane Methylchloroform CH3CCl3一类溶剂1,1,2-Trichloroethene Trichloroethene HClC=CCl2二类溶剂Xylene*DimethybenzeneXylol二类溶剂*usually 60% m-xylene, 14% p-xylene, 9% o-xylene with 17% ethyl benzene常用有机溶剂分类第一类溶剂是指已知可以致癌并被强烈怀疑对人和环境有害的溶剂。
最全的常⽤有机溶剂参数表溶剂危害性分类⼀类溶剂:应避免致癌物;备受怀疑的致癌物;环境危害物⼆类溶剂:设定残余量,限量使⽤⾮基因性动物致癌物;可能导致不可逆中毒,⽐如神经性中毒,畸形;可能导致其他可逆性中毒三类溶剂: 低毒对⼈体有潜在毒性,可以接触,但不超过50mg/day。
Solvent Other Names Structure ClassAcetic acid Ethanoic acid CH3COOH三类溶剂2-PropanoneAcetoneCH3COCH3三类溶剂Propan-2-oneAcetonitrile CH3CN⼆类溶剂Anisole Methoxybenzene三类溶剂Benzene Benzol⼀类溶剂n-Butyl alcohol1-ButanolCH3(CH2)3OH三类溶剂Butan-1-olsec-Butyl alcohol2-ButanolCH3CH2CH(OH)CH3三类溶剂Butan-2-olButyl acetate Acetic acid butyl ester CH3COO(CH2)3CH3三类溶剂tert-Butylmethyl ether2-Methoxy-2-methyl- propane(CH3)3COCH3三类溶剂Carbon tetrachloride Tetrachloromethane CCl4⼀类溶剂Chlorobenzene⼆类溶剂Chloroform Trichloromethane CHCl3⼆类溶剂IsopropylbenzeneCumene三类溶剂(1-Methyl)ethylbenzeneCyclohexane Hexamethylene⼆类溶剂1,2-Dichloroethane sym-Dichloroethane CH2ClCH2Cl⼀类溶剂Ethylene dichlorideEthylene chloride1,1-Dichloroethene1,1-DichloroethyleneVinylidene chlorideH2C=CCl2⼀类溶剂1,2-Dichloroethene1,2-DichloroethyleneAcetylene dichlorideClHC=CHCl⼆类溶剂Dichloromethane Methylene chloride CH2Cl2⼆类溶剂1,2-Dimethoxyethane Ethyleneglycol dimethyl etherMonoglymeDimethyl CellosolveH3COCH2CH2OCH3⼆类溶剂N,N-Dimethylacetamide DMA CH3CON(CH3)2⼆类溶剂N,N-Dimethylformamide DMF HCON(CH3)2⼆类溶剂Dimethyl sulfoxide MethylsulfinylmethaneMethyl sulfoxideDMSO(CH3)2SO三类溶剂1,4-Dioxanep-Dioxane[1,4]Dioxane⼆类溶剂Ethanol Ethyl alcohol CH3CH2OH三类溶剂2-Ethoxyethanol Cellosolve CH3CH2OCH2CH2OH⼆类溶剂Ethyl acetate Acetic acid ethyl ester CH3COOCH2CH3三类溶剂Ethyleneglycol1,2-Dihydroxyethane1,2-EthanediolHOCH2CH2OH⼆类溶剂Ethyl ether Diethyl etherEthoxyethane1,1'-OxybisethaneCH3CH2OCH2CH3三类溶剂Ethyl formate Formic acid ethyl ester HCOOCH2CH3三类溶剂Formamide Methanamide HCONH2⼆类溶剂Formic acid HCOOH三类溶剂Heptane n-Heptane CH3(CH2)5CH3三类溶剂Hexane n-Hexane CH3(CH2)4CH3⼆类溶剂Isobutyl acetate Acetic acid isobutyl ester CH3COOCH2CH(CH3)2三类溶剂Isopropyl acetate Acetic acid isopropyl ester CH3COOCH(CH3)2三类溶剂Methanol Methyl alcohol CH3OH⼆类溶剂2-Methoxyethanol Methyl CellosolveCH3OCH2CH2OH⼆类溶剂Methyl acetate Acetic acid methyl ester CH3COOCH3三类溶剂3-Methyl-1-butanol Isoamyl alcoholIsopentyl alcohol3-Methylbutan-1-ol(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH三类溶剂Methylbutyl ketone2-HexanoneHexan-2-oneCH3(CH2)3COCH3⼆类溶剂Methylcyclohexane Cyclohexylmethane⼆类溶剂Methylethyl ketone 2-ButanoneMEKButan-2-oneCH3CH2COCH3三类溶剂Methylisobutyl ketone 4-Methylpentan-2-one4-Methyl-2-pentanoneMIBKCH3COCH2CH(CH3)2三类溶剂2-Methyl-1-propanolIsobutyl alcohol2-Methylpropan-1-ol(CH3)2CHCH2OH三类溶剂N-Methylpyrrolidone1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-one1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone⼆类溶剂Nitromethane CH3NO2⼆类溶剂Pentane n-Pentane CH3(CH2)3CH3三类溶剂1-Pentanol Amyl alcoholPentan-1-olPentyl alcoholCH3(CH2)3CH2OH三类溶剂1-PropanolPropan-1-olPropyl alcoholCH3CH2CH2OH三类溶剂2-Propanol Propan-2-ol(CH3)2CHOH三类溶剂Isopropyl alcoholPropyl acetate Acetic acid propyl ester CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 三类溶剂Pyridine⼆类溶剂Sulfolane Tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide⼆类溶剂TetrahydrofuranTetramethylene oxideOxacyclopentane三类溶剂Tetralin 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-naphthalene ⼆类溶剂TolueneMethylbenzene⼆类溶剂 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Methylchloroform CH3CCl3 ⼀类溶剂 1,1,2-Trichloroethene TrichloroetheneHClC=CCl2⼆类溶剂Xylene*DimethybenzeneXylol⼆类溶剂*usually 60% m-xylene, 14% p-xylene, 9% o-xylene with 17% ethyl benzene常⽤有机溶剂分类第⼀类溶剂是指已知可以致癌并被强烈怀疑对⼈和环境有害的溶剂。
常用溶剂极性表完全版列出溶剂极性参数表,方便比较展开剂。
环己烷:-0.2、石油醚(I 类,30~60C )、 石油醚(II 类,60~90C )、正己烷:0.0、甲苯:2.4、二甲苯:2.5、苯:2.7、二氯甲烷:3.1、异丙醇:3.9、4.3、乙酸乙酯:4.4、solve nt po larityi-pentane (戊烷) 0.00n-pentane 0.00Hexane (己烷) 0.06Isooctane (异辛烷) 0.10Trifluoroacetic acid (三氟乙酸) Trimethyl pen ta ne (三甲基戊烷) Cyclo pen ta ne (环戊烷) 0.20n-heptane (庚烷) 0.20Trichloroethylene (三氯乙烯;乙炔化三氯)1.00 Carbon tetrachloride (四氯化碳) 1.60Trichlorotrifluoroethane (三氯三氟代乙烷)1.90 i-propyl ether (丙基醚;丙醚)2.40Toluene (甲苯) 2.40正丁醇:3.9、四氢呋喃:4.0、 氯仿:4.1、乙醇: 5.1、丙酮:5.1、乙腈:5.8、乙酸:6.0、水:10.2 甲醇: Petroleum ether (石油醚) 0.01Cyclohexane (环己烷) 0.100.100.10Butyl chloride ( 丁基氯;丁酰氯) 1.00p-xylene (对二甲苯) 2.50Nitromethane (硝基甲烷) 6.00Chlorobe nze ne (氯苯) 2.70 o-dichlorobenzene (领二氯苯) 2.70Ethyl ether (二乙醚;醚) 2.90Ben ze ne (苯) 3.00Isobutyl alcohol (异丁醇) 3.00Methylene chloride (二氯甲烷) 3.40Ethylene dichloride (二氯化乙烯) 3.50n-buta nol ( 丁醇) 3.90n-butyl acetate (醋酸丁酯;乙酸丁酯) 4.00n-propanol (丙醇) 4.00Methyl isobutyl keto ne () 4.20Tetrahydrofuran (四氢呋喃) 4.20etha nol 4.30Ethyl acetate 4.30i-propanol (丙醇) 4.30Chloroform (氯仿) 4.40Methyl ethyl ketone (甲基乙基酮) 4.50Dioxane (二恶烷;二氧六环;二氧杂环己烷)4.80Pyridine (吡啶) 5.30Acet one (丙酮) 5.40Acetic acid (乙酸) 6.20Aceto ni trile (乙腈) 6.20Ani li ne (苯胺) 6.30Dimethyl formamide (二甲基甲酰胺) 6.40Metha nol () 6.60Ethylene glycol (乙二醇) 6.90Dimethyl sulfoxide () 7.20 water 10.20常用溶剂极性表完全版Cyclopentane ( 环戊烷)0.20 0.47 49 210solve nt po larity Viscosity (cp20 °C )Boiling point ( C ) UV cu i-pentane ( 戊烷)0.00 -- 30 --n-pentane 0.00 0.23 36 210P etroleum ether( 石油醚) 0.01 0.30 30-60 210 Cyclohexane ( 环己烷)0.10 1.00 81 210 Isooctane ( 异辛烷)0.10 0.53 99 210Trifluoroacetic acid (三氟乙酸)0.10 72 Trimethyl pen ta ne ( 甲基戊烷)0.10 0.47 99 215 toff( nmHexane (己烷)0.06 0.33 69 210Ethyl acetate 4.30 0.45 77 260Butyl chloride ( 丁基氯;丁酰氯)1.00 0.46 78 220Trichloroethyle ne (三氯乙烯;乙炔化三 氯) 1.00 0.57 87 273 Carbon tetrachloride (四氯化碳)1.60 0.97 77 265 Trichlorotrifluoroetha ne( 三氯三氟代乙烷) 1.90 0.71 48 231丙醚)2.40 0.37 68 220i-propyl ether ( 丙基醚;Chlorobenzene (氯苯)2.70 0.80 132 --o-dichlorobenzene ( 领二氯苯)2.70 1.33 180 295 Toluene (甲苯)2.40 0.59 111 285p-xylene ( 对二甲苯)2.50 0.65 138 290 Ethyl ether ( 二乙醚;醚)2.90 0.23 35 220 Benzene (苯)3.00 0.65 80 280Isobutyl alcohol ( 异丁醇)3.00 4.70 108 220 Methyle ne chloride ( 二氯甲烷) 3.40 0.44 40 245 Ethyle ne dichloride ( 二氯化乙烯)3.50 0.79 84 228 n-buta nol ( 丁醇) 3.90 2.95 117 210n-butyl acetate ( 醋酸丁酯;乙酸丁酯)4.00 126 254 n-propanol ( 丙 醇) 4.00 2.27 98 210Methyl isobutyl keto ne () 4.20 119 330 Tetrahydrofura n ( 四氢呋喃)4.20 0.55 66 220 etha nol 4.30 1.20 79 210Chloroform ( 氯仿)4.400.57 61 245 ethyl ketone (甲基乙基酮)4.500.43 80 330 恶烷;二氧六环;二氧杂环己烷)4.80 1.54 102 220 water 10.20 1.00 100 268Methyl Dioxa ne (P yridi ne ( 吡啶)5.30 0.97 115 305Acet one ( 丙酮)5.40 0.32 Nitrometha ne ( Acetic acid ( 乙酸) Acet on itrile ( 乙腈) An ili ne (苯胺)6.30 6.00 0.67 101 380 1.28 118 230 0.37 82 210184Dimethyl formamide ( 6.40 0.92 153 270 Metha nol () 6.60 0.60 65 210Ethyle ne glycol ( 乙二醇)6.90 19.90 197 210 Dimethyl sulfoxide () 7.20 2.24 189 26857 330硝基甲烷) 6.20 6.20 4.40 甲基甲酰胺)。
有機溶劑極性大小下面這份溶劑極性表列出了常用有機溶劑極性順序,並有常見溶劑的粘度、沸點、吸收波長等物理參數,在進行薄層色譜柱(TLC)洗脫的時候時很有幫助。
可能有不準確的,希望在留言處給予更正。
化合物名稱極性粘度沸點吸收波長i-pentane(異戊烷) 0 - 30 -n-pentane(正戊烷) 0 0.23 36 210 Petroleum ether(石油醚) 0.01 0.3 30~60 210 Hexane(己烷) 0.06 0.33 69 210 Cyclohexane(環己烷) 0.1 1 81 210 Isooctane(異辛烷) 0.1 0.53 99 210 Trifluoroacetic acid(三氟乙酸) 0.1 - 72 - Trimethylpentane(三甲基戊烷) 0.1 0.47 99 215 Cyclopentane(環戊烷) 0.2 0.47 49 210n-heptane(庚烷) 0.2 0.41 98 200Butyl chloride(丁基氯; 丁醯氯) 1 0.46 78 220 Trichloroethylene(三氯乙烯; 乙炔化三氯) 1 0.57 87 273 Carbon tetrachloride(四氯化碳) 1.6 0.97 77 265 Trichlorotrifluoroethane(三氯三氟代乙烷) 1.9 0.71 48 231i-propyl ether(丙基醚; 丙醚) 2.4 0.37 68 220 Toluene(甲苯) 2.4 0.59 111 285p-xylene(對二甲苯) 2.5 0.65 138 290 Chlorobenzene(氯苯) 2.7 0.8 132 -o-dichlorobenzene(鄰二氯苯) 2.7 1.33 180 295Ethyl ether(二乙醚; 醚) 2.9 0.23 35 220 Benzene(苯) 3 0.65 80 280 Isobutyl alcohol(異丁醇) 3 4.7 108 220 Methylene chloride(二氯甲烷) 3.4 0.44 240 245 Ethylene dichloride(二氯化乙烯) 3.5 0.78 84 228n-butanol(正丁醇) 3.7 2.95 117 210n-butyl acetate(醋酸丁酯;乙酸丁酯) 4 - 126 254n-propanol(丙醇) 4 2.27 98 210Methyl isobutyl ketone(甲基異丁酮) 4.2 - 119 330 Tetrahydrofuran(四氫呋喃) 4.2 0.55 66 220 Ethyl acetate(乙酸乙酯) 4.30 0.45 77 260i-propanol(異丙醇) 4.3 2.37 82 210 Chloroform(氯仿) 4.4 0.57 61 245 Methyl ethyl ketone(甲基乙基酮) 4.5 0.43 80 330 Dioxane(二惡烷; 二氧六環; 二氧雜環己烷) 4.8 1.54 102 220 Pyridine(吡啶) 5.3 0.97 115 305 Acetone(丙酮) 5.4 0.32 57 330 Nitromethane(硝基甲烷) 6 0.67 101 330 Acetic acid(乙酸) 6.2 1.28 118 230 Acetonitrile(乙腈) 6.2 0.37 82 210 Aniline(苯胺) 6.3 4.4 184 - Dimethyl formamide(二甲基甲醯胺) 6.4 0.92 153 270 Methanol(甲醇) 6.6 0.6 65 210 Ethylene glycol(乙二醇) 6.9 19.9 197 210 Dimethyl sulfoxide(二甲亞碸DMSO) 7.2 2.24 189 268 Water(水)10.2 1 100 268下圖是混合有機溶劑極性順序(由小到大,括弧內表示的是混合比例)一:溶劑極性參數表,方便以下比較展開劑。