Analytical model of sliding friction in an overrunning clutch

机械设计专业术语的英语译阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm平安系数safety factor;factor of safety平安载荷safe load凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench板簧flat leafspring半圆键woodruff key变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar摆动从动件oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构cam wit h oscillating follower摆动导杆机构oscillating guide -bar mechanism摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profil 摆线运动规律cycloidal motio n 摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel 包角angle of contact保持架cage背对背安装back-to-back arran gement背锥back cone ; normal con e 背锥角back angle背锥品巨back cone distance 比例尺scale比热容specific heat capacity 闭式链closed kinematic chain 闭链机构closed chain mechan ism臂部arm变频器frequency converters 变频调速frequency control of motor speed变速speed change变速齿轮change gear ; chang e wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coeffic ient标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear 外表质量系数superficial mass factor外表传热系数surface coefficie nt ofheat transfer外表粗糙度surface roughness 并联式组合combination in pa rallel并联机构parallel mechanism 并联组合机构parallel combinedmechanism并行工程concurrent engineeri ng并行设计concurred design, C D 不平衡相位phase angle of un balance不平衡imbalance (or unbalanc e)不平衡量amount of unbalanc e 不完全齿轮机构intermittent g earing波发生器wave generator波数number of waves补偿compensation参数化设计parameterization d esign,PD剩余应力residual stress操纵及限制装置operation cont rol device槽车G Geneva wheel槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash差动轮系differential gear train 差动螺旋机构differential scre w mechanism差速器differential常用机构conventional mechan ism; mechanism in common us e 车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity f actor承载水平bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting尺寸系歹U dimension series齿槽tooth space 齿槽宽spacewidth 齿侧间隙backlash 齿顶高addendum 齿顶圆addendum circle 齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle齿厚tooth thickness齿品巨circular pitch齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile 齿廓曲线tooth curve 齿轮gear齿轮变速箱speed-changing ge ar boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack 齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion -shaped shaper cutter 齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构gear 齿轮轮坯blank 齿轮传动系pinion unit 齿轮联轴器gear coupling 齿条传动rack gear 齿数tooth number 齿数比gear ratio 齿条rack齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-sha ped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet m echanism插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points重合度contact ratio冲床punch传动比transmission ratio, speedratio传动装置gearing; transmission gear传动系统driven system传动角transmission angle传动轴transmission shaft 串联式组合combination in se ries串联式组合机构series combin ed mechanism串级调速cascade speed contr ol仓惭innovation ; creation仓惭设计creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷normal l oad唇形橡胶密封lip rubber seal磁流体轴承magnetic fluid bea ring从动带轮driven pulley 从动件driven link, follower从动件平底宽度width of flat face从动件停歇follower dwell从动件运动规律follower moti on从动轮driven gear粗线bold line粗牙螺纹coarse thread大齿轮gear wheel打包机packer打滑slipping带传动belt driving带轮belt pulley带式制动器band brake单歹U轴承single row bearing 单向推力轴承single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节single universal joint单位矢量unit vector当量齿轮equivalent spur gear;virtual gear当量齿数equivalent teeth nu mber; virtual nu mber of teeth当量摩擦系数equivalent coeff icient of friction当量载荷equivalent load刀具cutter导数derivative倒角chamfer导热性conduction of heat导程lead导程角lead angle等加等减速运动规律parabolic motion; constant acceleration anddeceleration motion等速运动规律uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮conjugate yoke radia l cam等宽凸轮constant-breadth ca m等效构件equivalent link等效力equivalent force等效力矩equivalent momentof force等效量equivalent等效质量equivalent mass 等效转动惯量equivalent mom ent of inertia等效动力学模型dynamically e quivalent model 底座chassis 彳氐副lower pair 点戈U线chain dotted line〔疲劳〕点蚀pitting垫圈gasket垫片密封gasket seal碟形弹簧belleville spring顶隙bottom clearance定轴轮系ordinary gear train;gear train with fixed axes 动力学dynamics动密封kinematical seal动能dynamic energy动力粘度dynamic viscosity 动力润滑dynamic lubrication 动平衡dynamic balance 动平衡机dynamic balancing machine动态特性dynamic characteristi cs动态分析设计dynamic analysis design动压力dynamic reaction 动载荷dynamic load 端面transverse plane 端面参数transverseparameters端面齿品巨transverse circular pi tch端面齿廓transverse tooth pro file 端面重合度transverse contactratio端面模数transverse module 端面压力角transverse pressur e angle锻造forge对称循环应力symmetry circul ating stress对心滚子从动件radial (or in-l ine ) roller follower对心直动从动件radial (or in-l ine ) translating follower对心移动从动件radial recipro cating follower对心曲柄滑块机构in-line slid er-crank (or crank-slider) mech anism多歹U轴承multi-row bearing 多楔带poly V-belt多项式运动规律polynomial m otion多质量转子rotor with several masses惰轮idle gear额定寿命rating life 额定载荷load rating II级杆组dyad 发生线generating line 发生面generating plane 法面normal plane法面参数normal parameters 法面齿品巨normal circular pitch 法面模数normal module 法面压力角normal pressure a ngle法向齿距normal pitch法向齿廓normal tooth profile 法向直廓蜗杆straight sided n ormal worm 法向力normal force反应式组合feedback combini ng反向运动学inverse ( or back ward) kinematics 反转法kinematic inversion 反正切Arctan范成法generating cutting 仿形法form cutting方案设计、概念设计concept design, CD防振装置shockproof device 飞轮flywheel飞轮矩moment of flywheel 非标准齿轮nonstandard gear 非接触式密封non-contact seal 非周期性速度波动aperiodic s peed fluctuation非圆齿轮non-circular gear 粉末合金powder metallurgy 分度线reference line; standardpitch line分度圆reference circle; standa rd (cutting) pitch circle分度圆柱导程角lead angle atreference cylinder 分度圆柱螺旋角helix angle at refe rence cylinder分母denominator分子numerator分度圆锥reference cone; stan dard pitch cone分析法analytical method 封闭差动轮系planetary differential复合较链compound hinge复合式组合compound combi ning复合轮系compound (or comb ined) gear train复合平带compound flat belt复合应力combined stress 复式螺旋机构Compound scre w mechanism复杂机构complex mechanis m 杆组Assur group干预interference刚度系数stiffness coefficient 刚轮rigid circular spline钢丝软轴wire soft shaft 刚体导引机构body guidance mechanism刚性冲击rigid impulse (shock) 刚性转子rigid rotor刚性轴承rigid bearing 刚性联轴器rigid coupling 高度系歹U height series 高速带high speed belt 高副higher pair格拉晓夫定理Grashoffs law根切undercutting公称直径nominal diameter高度系歹U height series功work工况系数application factor工艺设计technological design 工作循环图working cycle dia gram工作机构operation mechanism 工作载荷external loads工作空间working space工作应力working stress工作阻力effective resistance 工作阻力矩effective resistance moment公法线common normal line公共约束general constraint公制齿轮metric gears功率power功能分析设计function analyse s design共轲齿廓conjugate profiles共轲凸轮conjugate cam构件link鼓风机blower固定构件fixed link; frame固体润滑剂solid lubricant关节型操作器jointed manipul ator 惯性力inertia force惯性力矩moment of inertia ,s haking moment惯性力平衡balance of shakin g force惯性力完全平衡full balance of shaking force惯性力局部平衡partial balanc e of shaking force惯性主矩resultant moment of inertia惯性主失resultant vector of i nertia冠轮crown gear广义机构generation mechanis m广义坐标generalized coordinat e轨迹生成path generation轨迹发生器path generator滚刀hob滚道raceway滚动体rolling element滚动轴承rolling bearing滚动轴承代号rolling bearing i dentification code滚针needle roller滚针轴承needle roller bearing 滚子roller滚子轴承roller bearing滚子半径radius of roller滚子从动件roller follower滚子链roller chain滚子链联轴器double roller c hain coupling滚珠丝杆ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器roller clutch过度切割undercutting函数发生器function generator 函数生成function generation 含油轴承oil bearing 耗油量oil consumption 耗油量系数oil consumption f actor赫兹公式H. Hertz equation 合成弯矩resultant bending m oment 合力resultant force合力矩resultant moment of f orce黑箱black box横坐标abscissa互换性齿轮interchangeable ge ars 花键spline滑键、导键feather key滑动轴承sliding bearing 滑动率sliding ratio 滑块slider环面蜗杆toroid helicoids wor m 环形弹簧annular spring缓冲装置shocks; shock-absorb smer灰铸铁grey cast iron回程return回转体平衡balance of rotors混合轮系compound gear trai n积分integrate机电一体化系统设计mechani cal-electrical integration system design 机构mechanism机构分析analysis of mechanis m机构平衡balance of mechanis m 机构学mechanism机构运动设计kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图kinematic sketc h of mechanism机构综合synthesis of mechani 机构组成constitution of mech anism机架frame, fixed link机架变换kinematic inversion机器machine机器人robot机器人操作器manipulator机器人学robotics技术过程technique process 技术经济评价technical and e conomic evaluation技术系统technique system 机械machinery机械创新设计mechanical crea tion design, MCD机械系统设计mechanical syst em design, MSD机械动力分析dynamic analysi s of machinery机械动力设计dynamic design of machinery机械动力学dynamics of mach inery机械的现代设计modern mac hine design机械系统mechanical system 机械利益mechanical advantage机械平衡balance of machiner y机械手manipulator机械设计machine design; mec hanical design机械特性mechanical behavior 机械调速mechanical speed go vernors机械效率mechanical efficiency 机械原理theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数coefficie nt of speed fluctuation 机械无级变速mechanical stepl ess speed changes根底机构fundamental mechani sm根本额定寿命basic rating life基于实例设计case-baseddesig n,CBD基圆base circle基圆半径radius of base circle基圆齿品巨base pitch基圆压力角pressure angle of base circle基圆柱base cylinder基圆锥base cone急回机构quick-return mechani sm急回特性quick-return characte ristics急回系数advance-to return-ti me ratio急回运动quick-return motion棘车ratchet棘轮机构ratchet mechanism棘爪pawl极限位置extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计computer aid ed design, CAD计算机辅助制造computer aid ed manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统compute r integrated manufacturing syst em, CIMS计算力矩factored moment; ca lculation moment计算弯矩calculated bending moment加权系数weighting efficient 力口速度acceleration力口速度分析acceleration analys is力口速度曲线acceleration diagra m尖点pointing; cusp尖底从动件knife-edge follower间隙backlash间歇运动机构intermittent mo tion mechanism减速比reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置reduction gear减速器speed reducer减摩性anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面involute helicoid渐开线involute渐开线齿廓involute profile 渐开线齿轮involute gear 渐开线发生线generating lineof involute渐开线方程involute equation渐开线函数involute function渐开线蜗杆involute worm 渐开线压力角pressure angle of involut e渐开线花键involute spline简谐运动simple harmonic mo tion键key键槽keyway交变应力repeated stress交变载荷repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动cross-belt drive 交错轴斜齿轮crossed helicalgears胶合scoring角力口速度angular acceleration 角速度angular velocity 角速比angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承angular contact ball bearin g角接触推力轴承angular conta ct thrust bearing角接触向心轴承angular conta ct radial bearing角接触轴承angular contact be aring钱链、枢纽hinge校正平面correcting plane接触应力contact stress接触式密封contact seal 阶梯轴multi-diameter shaft 结构structure结构设计structural design截面section节点pitch point节品巨circular pitch; pitch of te eth节线pitch line节圆pitch circle节圆齿厚thickness on pitch c ircle节圆直径pitch diameter节圆锥pitch cone节圆锥角pitch cone angle解析设计analytical design 紧边tight-side紧固件fastener径节diametral pitch径向radial direction径向当量动载荷dynamic equi valent radial load径向当量静载荷static equival ent radial load径向根本额定动载荷basic dy namic radial load rating径向根本额定静载荷basic sta tic radial load tating径向接触轴承radial contact b earing径向平面radial plane 径向游隙radial internal cleara nce径向载荷radial load径向载荷系数radial load fact or径向间隙clearance静力static force静平衡static balance静载荷static load静密封static seal局部自由度passive degree of freedom矩阵matrix矩形螺纹square threaded for m 锯齿形螺纹buttress thread fo rm 矩形牙嵌式离合器square-jaw positive-contact clutch绝对尺寸系数absolute dimens ional factor绝对运动absolute motion绝对速度absolute velocity均衡装置load balancing mech anism抗压弓®度compression strength开口传动open-belt drive 开式链open kinematic chain 开链机构open chain mechanism可靠度degree of reliability 可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design, RD 空气弹簧air spring空间机构spatial mechanism 空间连杆机构spatial linkage空间凸轮机构spatial cam 空间运动副spatial kinematic pair空间运动链spatial kinematic c hain空转idle宽度系列width series框图block diagram雷诺方程Reynolds ' s equation 离心力centrifugal force离心应力centrifugal stress 离合器clutch离心密封centrifugal seal理论廓线pitch curve理论啮合线theoretical line of action隶属度membership力force力多边形force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechani sm力矩moment力平衡equilibrium力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple连杆connecting rod, coupler连杆机构linkage连杆曲线coupler-curve连心线line of centers链chain链传动装置chain gearing链车s sprocket ; sprocket-wheel ;sprocket gear ; chain wheel 联组V 带tight-up V belt联轴器coupling ; shaft coupli ng 两维凸轮two-dimensional cam 临界转速critical speed 六杆机构six-bar linkage 龙门包烁double Haas planer 轮坯blank 轮系gear train 螺杆screw 螺距thread pitch 螺母screw nut螺旋锥齿轮helical bevel gear螺车丁screws螺栓bolts螺纹导程lead螺纹效率screw efficiency螺旋传动power screw螺旋密封spiral seal螺纹thread (of a screw)螺旋副helical pair螺旋机构screw mechanism 螺旋角helix angle螺旋线helix ,helical line 绿色设计green design ; desig n for environment马耳他机构Geneva wheel ; Geneva gear马耳他十字Maltese cross 脉动无级变速pulsating steples s speed changes脉动循环应力fluctuating circu lating stress脉动载荷fluctuating load 钏车丁rivet迷宫密封labyrinth seal密封seal密封带seal belt密封胶seal gum密封元件potted component 密封装置sealing arrangement 面对面安装face-to-face arrang ement面向产品生命周期设计designfor product's life cycle, DPLC名义应力、公称应力nominal stress模块化设计modular design, MD模块式传动系统modular syste m模幅箱morphology box模糊集fuzzy set模糊评价fuzzy evaluation模数module摩擦friction摩擦角friction angle摩擦力friction force摩擦学设计tribology design, TD 摩擦阻力frictional resistance摩擦力矩friction moment摩擦系数coefficient of friction 摩擦圆friction circle磨损abrasion ;wear; scratching 末端执行器end-effector目标函数objective function 而寸腐蚀性corrosion resistance 而寸磨性wear resistance挠性机构mechanism with flex ible elements挠性转子flexible rotor内齿轮internal gear内齿圈ring gear内力internal force内圈inner ring能量energy能量指示图viscosity逆时针counterclockwise (or a nticlockwise) 啮出engaging-out 啮合engagement, mesh, gearin g啮合点contact points啮合角working pressure angle啮合线line of action啮合线长度length of line of action啮入engaging-in牛头刨床shaper凝固点freezing point; solidifyingpoint扭转应力torsion stress扭矩moment of torque扭簧helical torsion spring诺模图NomogramO 形密封圈密封O ring seal盘形凸轮disk cam盘形转子disk-like rotor抛物线运动parabolic motion疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength偏置式offset偏〔心、〕品巨offset distance偏心率eccentricity ratio偏心质量eccentric mass 偏品巨圆offset circle偏心盘eccentric偏置滚子从动件offset roller f ollower偏置尖底从动件offset knife-e dgefollower偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slide r-crank mechanism 拼接matching评价与决策evaluation and de cision频率 frequency平带flat belt平带传动flat belt driving平底从动件flat-face follower平底宽度face width平分线bisector平均应力average stress平均中径mean screw diamete r平均速度average velocity 平衡balance平衡机balancing machine平衡品质balancing quality 平衡平面correcting plane 平衡质量balancing mass 平衡重counterweight 平衡转速balancing speed 平面副planar pair, flat pair 平面机构planar mechanism 平面运动副planar kinematic pair 平面连杆机构planar linkage 平面凸轮planar cam 平面凸轮机构planar cam mec hanism平面轴斜齿轮parallel helical gears普通平键parallel key其他常用机构other mechanis m in common use 起动阶段starting period 启动力矩starting torque气动机构pneumatic mechanis 奇异位置singular position起始啮合点initial contact ,beg inning of contact气体轴承gas bearing千斤顶jack嵌入键sunk key强迫振动forced vibration切齿深度depth of cut曲柄crank曲柄存在条件Grashoff s law 曲柄导杆机构crank shaper (g uide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker me chanism曲齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear 曲率curvature曲率半径radius of curvature 曲面从动件curved-shoe follo wer曲线拼接curve matching曲线运动curvilinear motion 曲轴crank shaft驱动力driving force驱动力矩driving moment (tor que)全齿高whole depth 权重集weight sets 球ball球面滚子convex roller球轴承ball bearing 球面副spheric pair 球面渐开线spherical involute 球面运动spherical motion 球销副sphere-pin pair球坐标操作器polar coordinate manipulator燃点spontaneous ignition 热平衡heat balance; thermal e quilibrium人字齿轮herringbone gear 冗余自由度redundant degree of freedom柔轮flexspline 柔性冲击flexible impulse; soft shock柔性制造系统flexible manufa cturing system; FMS柔性自动化flexible automatio n 润滑油膜lubricant film润滑装置lubrication device润滑lubrication润滑剂lubricant三角形花键serration spline三角形螺纹V thread screw三维凸轮three-dimensional ca m三心定理Kennedy's theorem 砂轮越程槽grinding wheel gr oove砂漏hour-glass少齿差行星传动planetary driv e with small teeth difference设计方法学design methodolohanism,设计变量design variable设计约束design constraints 深沟球轴承deep groove ball bearing 生产阻力productive resistance 升程rise升距lift实际廓线cam profile十字滑块联轴器double slider coupling; Oldham ' scoupling矢量vector输出功output work输出构件output link输出机构output mechanism输出力矩output torque 输出轴output shaft 输入构件input link 数学模型mathematic model 实际啮合线actual line of action双滑块机构double-slider mec ellipsograph 双曲柄机构double crank mec hanism双曲面齿轮hyperboloid gear 双头螺柱studs双万向联轴节constant-velocity (or double) universal joint双摇杆机构double rocker me chanism双转块机构Oldham coupling 双歹蚱由承double row bearing 双向推力轴承double-direction thrust bearing松边slack-side顺时针clockwise瞬心instantaneous center死点dead point四杆机构four-bar linkage 速度velocity速度不均匀(波动)系数co efficient of speed fluctuationgy速度波动 speed fluctuation速度曲线velocity diagram速度瞬心instantaneous center of velocity塔轮step pulley踏板pedal台钳、虎钳vice太阳轮sun gear弹性滑动elasticity sliding moti on弹性联轴器elastic coupling ; flexible coupling弹性套柱销联轴器rubber-cus hioned sleeve bearing coupling 套筒sleeve梯形螺纹acme thread form 特殊运动链special kinematicchain特性characteristics替代机构equivalent mechanis m 调节modulation, regulation 调心滚子轴承self-aligning roll er bearing调心球轴承self-aligning ball b earing调心轴承self-aligning bearing 调速speed governing调速电动机adjustable speed motors调速系统speed control syste m 调压调速variable voltage cont rol调速器regulator, governor铁磁流体密封ferrofluid seal停车阶段stopping phase停歇dwell同步带synchronous belt同步带传动synchronous belt drive凸的, 凸面体convex凸轮cam凸轮倒置机构inverse cam mechanism凸轮机构cam , cam mechanis m 凸轮廓线cam profile凸轮廓线绘制layout of cam profile凸轮理论廓线pitch curve凸缘联轴器flange coupling图册、图谱atlas图解法graphical method推程rise推力球轴承thrust ball bearing推力轴承thrust bearing退刀槽tool withdrawal groove退火anneal陀螺仪gyroscopeV 带V belt外力external force外圈outer ring外形尺寸boundary dimension万向联轴器Hooks coupling ; universal coupling 外齿轮external gear 弯曲应力beading stress 弯矩bending moment 腕部wrist往复移动reciprocating motion 往复式密封reciprocating seal 网上设计on-net design, OND 微动螺旋机构differential scre w mechanism位移displacement位移曲线displacement diagra m 位姿pose , position and orien tation稳定运转阶段steady motion period稳健设计robust design 蜗杆worm蜗杆传动机构worm gearing 蜗杆头数number of threads 蜗杆直径系数diametral quotie nt蜗杆蜗轮机构worm and wor m gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构worm ca minterval mechanism 蜗杆旋向hands of worm 蜗轮worm gear 涡圈形盘簧power spring 无级变速装置stepless speed c hanges devices 无穷大infinite系杆crank arm, planet carrier现场平衡field balancing 向心轴承radial bearing 向心力centrifugal force 相对速度relative velocity 相对运动relative motion 相对间隙relative gap 象限quadrant 橡皮泥plasticine 细牙螺纹fine threads 销pin消耗consumption小齿轮pinion小径minor diameter橡胶弓M簧balata spring修正梯形加速度运动规律mo dified trapezoidal acceleration motion 修正正弦加速度运动规律mo dified sine acceleration motion 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical gear 斜键、钩头楔键taper key 泄漏leakage谐波齿轮harmonic gear 谐波传动harmonic driving 谐波发生器harmonic generator斜齿轮的当量直齿轮equivale nt spur gear of the helical gear心轴spindle行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数advance-to retur n-time ratio行星齿轮装置planetary trans mission行星轮planet gear行星轮变速装置planetary spe ed changing devices行星轮系planetary gear train形封闭凸轮机构positive-drive (or form-closed) cam mechani sm虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟现实技术virtual reality te chnology, VRT虚拟现实设计virtual reality d esign, VRD虚约束redundant (or passive) constraint许用不平衡量allowable amount of unbalance许用压力角allowable pressure angle许用应力allowable stress; per missible stress悬臂名构cantilever structure 悬臂梁cantilever beam 循环功率流circulating powerload旋转力矩running torque旋转式密封rotating seal旋转运动rotary motion选型type selection压力pressure压力中央center of pressure压缩机compressor压应力compressive stress压力角pressure angle牙嵌式联轴器jaw (teeth) posi tive-contact coupling 雅可比矩阵Jacobi matrix 摇杆rocker液力传动hydrodynamic drive 液力耦合器hydraulic couplers 液体弹簧liquid spring液压无级变速hydraulic steples s speed changes液压机构hydraulic mechanism 一般化运动链generalized kine matic chain移动从动件reciprocating follo wer移动副prismatic pair, sliding pair移动关节prismatic joint 移动凸轮wedge cam 盈亏功increment or decrement work应力幅stress amplitude应力集中stress concentration应力集中系数factor of stress concentration应力图stress diagram应力一应变图stress-strain d iagram优化设计optimal design油杯oil bottle 油壶oil can油沟密封oily ditch seal有害阻力useless resistance有益阻力useful resistance有效拉力effective tension 有效圆周力effective circle force有害阻力detrimental resistanc e 余弦加速度运动cosine acceler ation (or simple harmonic) mo tion预紧力preload原动机primer mover圆带round belt圆带传动round belt drive圆弧齿厚circular thickness 圆弧圆柱蜗杆hollow flank worm圆角半径fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器disc friction clutch圆盘制动器disc brake 原动机prime mover 原始机构original mechanism 圆形齿轮circular gear 圆柱滚子cylindrical roller 圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副cylindric pair圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构barr el (cylindric) cam圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧cylindroid helical-coil extension spring 圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring 圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧cylindroid helical-coil compression spring 圆柱凸轮cylindrical cam 圆柱蜗杆cylindrical worm 圆柱坐标操作器cylindrical co ordinate manipulator圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧conoid heli cal-coil compression spring 圆锥滚子tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller b earing圆锥齿轮机构bevel gears圆锥角cone angle原动件driving link约束constraint约束条件constraint condition约束反力constraining force跃度jerk跃度曲线jerk diagram运动倒置kinematic inversion运动方案设计kinematic prece pt design运动分析kinematic analysis运动副kinematic pair运动构件moving link运动简图kinematic sketch运动链kinematic chain运动失真undercutting运动设计kinematic design运动周期cycle of motion运动综合kinematic synthesis运转不均匀系数coefficient of velocity fluctuation运动粘度kenematic viscosity载荷load载荷一变形曲线load—defo rmation curve载荷一变形图load—deform ation diagram窄V 带narrow V belt 毡圈密封felt ring seal 展成法generating 张紧力tension 张紧轮tension pulley 振动vibration振动力矩shaking couple振动频率frequency of vibration振幅amplitude of vibration正切机构tangent mechanism 正向运动学direct (forward) ki nematics正弦机构sine generator, scotc h yoke 织布机100m正应力、法向应力normal stre ss制动器brake直齿圆柱齿轮spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 直角三角形right triangle 直角坐标操作器Cartesian coo rdinate manipulator 直径系数diametral quotient 直径系歹U diameter series 直廓环面蜗杆hindley worm 直线运动linear motion 直轴straight shaft 质量mass 质心center of mass 执行构件executive link; worki ng link 质径积mass-radiusproduct 智能化设计intelligent design,ID中间平面mid-plane中央距 center distance中央闻巨变动center distance ch ange中央轮central gear中径mean diameter终止啮合点final contact, endof contact周节pitch周期性速度波动periodic spee d fluctuation周转轮系epicyclic gear train肘形机构toggle mechanism轴shaft轴承盖bearing cup轴承合金bearing alloy轴承座bearing block轴承高度bearing height轴承宽度bearing width轴承内径bearing bore diameter轴承寿命bearing life轴承套圈bearing ring轴承夕卜径bearing outside diam eter轴颈journal 轴瓦、轴承衬bearing bush轴端挡圈shaft end ring轴环shaft collar轴肩shaft shoulder轴角shaft angle轴向axial direction轴向齿廓axial tooth profile轴向当量动载荷dynamic equi valent axial load轴向当量静载荷static equival ent axial load轴向根本额定动载荷basic dy namic axial load rating轴向根本额定静载荷basic sta tic axial load rating轴向接触轴承axial contact be aring轴向平面axial plane轴向游隙axial internal clearan ce轴向载荷axial load主动件driving link主动齿轮driving gear主动带轮driving pulley转动导杆机构whitworth mech anism转动副revolute (turning) pair转速swiveling speed ; rotating speed转动关节revolute joint转轴revolving shaft转子rotor转子平衡balance of rotor装酉己条件assembly condition 锥齿轮bevel gear锥顶common apex of cone锥品巨cone distance锥轮bevel pulley; bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮equivale 轴向载荷系数axial load facto r轴向分力axial thrust loadnt spurgear of the bevel gear 锥面包络圆柱蜗杆milled heli coids worm准双曲面齿轮hypoid gear子程序subroutine子机构sub-mechanism自动化automation自锁self-locking自锁条件condition of self-loc king自由度degree of freedom, m obility总重合度total contact ratio总反力resultant force总效率combined efficiency; o verall efficiency组成原理theory of constitution组合齿形composite tooth for m 组合安装stack mounting组合机构combined mechanism阻抗力resistance最大盈亏功maximum differen ce work between plus and min us work 纵向重合度overlap contact ra 纵坐标ordinate组合机构combined mechanis m 最少齿数minimum teeth num ber最小向径minimum radius作用力applied force坐标系coordinate frametio。

物理：absolute acceleration 绝对加速度absolute error 绝对误差absolute motion 绝对运动absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute velocity 绝对速度absolute zero 绝对零度absorption 吸收absorptivity 吸收率accelerated motion 加速运动acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration 加速度accidental error 偶然误差acoustics 声学acting force 作用力adjustment 调节aether 以太air pump 抽气机air table 气垫桌air track 气垫导轨alternating current circuit 交流电路alternating current generator 交流发电机alternating current 交流电altimeter 测高仪ammeter 安培计amperemeter 电流计ampere 安培Ampere's experiment 安培实验Ampere's force 安培力Ampere's law 安培定律amperemeter 安培计amplitude 振幅angle of rotation 自转角，转动角angular acceleration 角加速度angular displacement 角位移angular velocity 角速度anion 负离子anisotropy 各向异性annihilation 湮没anode 阳极antenna 天线applied physics 应用物理学Archimedes principle 阿基米德原理area 面积argumentation 论证argument 辐角astigmatoscope 散光镜atomic nucleus 原子核atomic physics 原子物理学atomic spectrum 原子光谱atomic structure 原子结构atom 原子Atwood ' s machine 阿特伍德机average power 平均功率average velocity 平均速度Avogadro constant 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro law 阿伏加德罗定律balance 天平ballistic galvanometer 冲击电流计band spectrum 带状谱barometer 气压计basicquantity 基本量basicunits 基本单位battery charger 电池充电器b a t t er y,a cc u m u la t o r 蓄电池battery 电池组beam 光束betatron 电子感应加速器Bohr atom model 玻尔原子模型boiling point 沸点boiling 沸腾bounce 反弹bound charge 束缚电荷bound electron 束缚电子branch circuit 支路breakdown 击穿brightness 亮度buoyancy force 浮力calorifics 热学camera 照相机capacitance 电容capacitor 电容器capillarity 毛细现象cathode ray 阴极射线cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管cathode 阴极cation 正离子cell 电池Celsius scale 摄氏温标centre of gravity 重心centre of mass 质心centrifugal force 离心力centripetal acceleration 向心加速度centripetal force 向心力chain reaction 链式反应chaos 混沌characteristic spectrum 特征光谱charged body 带电体charged particle 带电粒子charge 充电circular hole diffraction 圆孔衍射circular motion 圆周运动classical mechanics 经典力学classical physics 经典物理学cloud chamber 云室coefficient of maximum staticfriction 最大静摩摩系数coefficient of restitution 恢复系数coefficient of sliding friction 滑动摩擦系数coefficient 系数coherent light 相干光源coil 线圈collision 碰撞component force 分力component velocity 分速度composition of forces 力的合成composition of velocities 速度的合成compression 压缩concave lens 凹透镜concave mirror 凹面镜concurrent force 共点力condensation 凝结condenser 电容器conducting medium 导电介质conductor 导体conservative force field保守力场conservative force 保守力constant force 恒力constant 常量continuous spectrum 连续谱convergent lens 会聚透镜convex lens 凸透镜convex mirror 凸面镜coordinate system 坐标系coplanar force 共面力Corolis force 科里奥利力corpuscular property 粒子性corpuscular theory 微粒说Coulomb force 库仑力coulomb 库仑Coulomb's law 库仑定律counter 计数器creation 产生creepage 漏电crest 波峰critical angle 临界角critical resistance 临界电阻critical temperature 临界温度crystal 晶体current density 电流密度current element 电流元current source 电流源current strength 电流强度curvilinear motion 曲线运动cyclotron 回旋加速器damped vibration 阻尼振动damping 阻尼Daniell cell 丹聂耳电池data processing 数据处理data 数据decay 衰变definition of ampere 安培的定义defocusing 散集density 密度derived quantity 导出量derived unit 导出单位dielectric 电介质diffraction pattern 衍射图样diffraction 衍射diffuse reflection 漫反射digital timer 数字计时器dimensional exponent 量纲指数dimension 量纲diode 二级管diopter 屈光度direct current, DC 直流direct impact 正碰direct measurement 直接测量discharge 放电disorder 无序dispersion 色散electromagnet 电磁体electrometer 静电计first cosmic v elo c ity第一宇宙速度完全弹性碰撞impulse 冲量displacement 位移electromotive force 电动势fission 裂变incident angle 入射角divergent lens 发散透镜electron 电子fixed-axis rotation 定轴转动incident ray 入射线Doppler effect 多普勒效应double slit diffraction 双缝衍射driving force 驱动力dry cell 干电池echo 回声eddy current 涡流effective value 有效值elastic body 弹性体elastic force 弹［性］力elasticity 弹性electric charge 电荷electric circuit 电路electric corona 电晕electric energy 电能electric field 电场electric field intensity 电场强度electric field line 电场线electric flux 电通量electric leakage 漏电electric neutrality 电中性electric potential 电位，电势electric potential difference电位差，电势差electric potential energy 电位能electric power 电功率electric quantity 电量electrification 起电electrification by friction 摩擦起电electrified body 带电体electrode 电极electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质electromagnetic damping 电磁阻尼electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射electromagnetic wave 电磁波electromagnetic wave spectrum 电磁波谱electromagnetism induction phenomenon 电磁感应现象electron beam 电子束electron cloud 电子云electron microscope 电子显微镜electron volt 电子伏特electroscope 验电器electrostatic equilibrium 静电平衡electrostatic induction 静电感应electrostatic screening 静电屏蔽elementary charge 基本电荷，元电荷energy 能量energy level 能级equilibrium 平衡equilibrium condition 平衡条件equilibrium of forces 力的平衡equilibrium position 平衡位置equilibrium state 平衡态equivalent source theorem 等效电源定理erect image 正像error 误差ether 以太evaporation 蒸发excitation 激发excitation state 激发态experiment 实验experimental physics 实验物理学external force 外力eyepiece 目镜far sight 远视Faraday cylinder法拉第圆筒Faraday law ofelectromagnetic induction 法拉第电磁感应定律Faraday's law ofelectromagnetic induct 法拉第电磁感应定律farad 法拉(电容的单位)film interference 薄膜干涉final velocity 末速度flotation balance 浮力秤fluid 流体focal length 焦距focusing 调焦，聚焦focus 焦点force 力forced vibration 受迫振动fractal 分形free charge 自由电荷free electron 自由电子free period 自由周期freezing point 凝固点frequency 频率friction force 摩擦力fusion 聚变galvanometer 电流计gas 气体general physics 普通物理学generator 发电机good conductor 良导体gravitation 引力gravity 重力gravitational potential energy重力势能gravity field 重力场ground earth 接地ground state 基态ground wire 地线hadron 强子half life period 半衰期heat 热heat transfer 传热henry 亨利hertz 赫兹(频率的单位)Hooke law 胡克定律humidity 湿度hydrogen 氢原子hypothesis 假设ice point 冰点ideal gas 理想气体image 像image distance 像距image height 像高imaging 成像imperfect inelastic collision 非indirect measurement 间接测量induced electric current 感应电流induced electric field 感应电场induction current 感应电流induction electromotive f o r c e感应电动势induction motor 感应电动机inertia 惯性inertial force 惯性力inertial system 惯性系infrared ray 红外线infrasonic wave 次声波initial phase 初位相initial velocity 初速度input 输入instantaneous power 瞬时功率instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度instrument 仪器insulated conductor 绝缘导体insulating medium 绝缘介质insulator 绝缘体intensity of sound 声强interference 干涉interference fringe 干涉条纹interference pattern 干涉图样interferometer 干涉仪internal energy 内能internal force 内力internal resistance 内阻intonation 声调inverted image 倒像invisible light 不可见光ion beam 离子束ionization 电离irreversible process 不可逆过程isobaric process 等压过程isobar 等压线isochoric process 等体积过程isothermal 等温线isothermal process 等温过程isotope 同位素isotropy 各向同性joule 焦耳（功的单位）Joule heat 焦耳热Joule law 焦耳定律Joule' law 焦耳定律Kepler law 开普勒定律kinematics 运动学kinetic energy 动能Laplace's equation 拉普拉斯方程laser 激光，激光器law 定律law of conservation of angular momentum 角动量守恒定律law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy 机械能守恒定律law of conservation of momentum 动量守恒定律law of electric c h a r g e conservation 电荷守恒定律Le Systè me International d ` Unit ès 国际单位制(SI)lead 导线length 长度lens 透镜lens formula 透镜公式Lenz's law 楞次定律lepton 轻子Light ray 光线light source 光源light wave 光波lightning rod 避雷针light 光line spectrum 线状谱lines of current 电流线lines of force of electric field 电力线liquefaction 液化liquefaction point 液化点liquid 液体longitudinal wave 纵波loop 回路Lorentz force 洛仑兹力luminous intensity 发光强度magnetic field 磁场magnetic field intensity 磁场强度magnetic field line 磁场线magnetic induction flux 磁感应通量magnetic induction 磁感应强度magnetic induction line磁感应线magnetic material 磁性材料magnetic needle 磁针magnetic pole 磁极magnetics 磁学magnetism 磁学magnetization 磁化magnet 磁体magnification 放大率magnifier 放大镜，放大器manometer 流体压强计mass 质量mass defect 质量亏损mass-energy equation 质能方程matter 物质matter wave 物质波Maxwell's equations 麦克斯韦方程组mean speed 平均速率mean velocity 平均速度measurement 测量mechanical energy 机械能mechanical motion 机械运动mechanical vibration 机械振动mechanics 力学medium 介质melting fusion 熔化melting point 熔点metre rule 米尺microdetector 灵敏电流计micrometer caliper 螺旋测微器microscope 显微镜microscopic particle 微观粒子mirror reflection 镜面反射mirror 镜mixed unit system 混合单位制modern physics 现代物理学molar volume 摩尔体积molecular spectrum 分子光谱molecular structure 分子结构moment of force 力矩momentum of electromagneticfield 电磁场的动量momentum 动量motor 电动机multimeter 多用［电］表musical quality 音色N pole 北极natural frequency 固有频率natural light 自然光negative charge 负电荷negative crystal 负晶体negative ion 负离子negative plate 负极板network 网络neutralization 中和neutron 中子newton 牛顿（力的单位）Newton first law 牛顿第一定律Newton second law牛顿第二定律Newton third law 牛顿第三定律nonequilibrium state 非平衡态north pole 北极nucleus force 核力nucleus of condensation 凝结核object 物object distance 物距object height 物高objective 物镜observation 观察Oersted's experiment 奥斯特实验ohm 欧姆Ohm law 欧姆定律ohmmeter 欧姆计Ohm's law 欧姆定律open circuit 开路optical bench 光具座optical centre of lens 透镜光心optical fiber 光导纤维optical glass 光学玻璃optical instrument 光学仪器optical lever 光杠杆optical path difference 光程差optical path 光程(路)optically denser medium 光密介质optically thinner medium 光疏介质optics 光学orbit 轨道order 有序oscillograph 示波器output 输出overweight 超重parallel connection ofcondensers 电容器的并联parallelogram rule 平行四边形定律parallel-resonance circuit 并联谐振电路parameter 参量particle 质点，粒子Pascal law 帕斯卡定律path 路程peak 峰值pendulum 摆penumbra 半影perfect conductor 理想导体perfect elastic collision 完全弹性碰撞perfect inelastic collision 完全非弹性碰撞periodicity 周期性period 周期periscope 潜望镜permanent magnet 永磁体permittivity of vacuum 真空介电常数permittivity 电容率phase 位相phenomenon 现象photocurrent 光电流photoelectric cell 光电管photoelectric effect 光电效应photoelectron 光电子photography 照相术photon 光子physical balance 物理天平physical quantity 物理量physics 物理学piezometer 压强计pitch 音调Planck constant 普朗克常量plasma 等离子体point charge 点电荷polarization 偏振polarized light 偏振光polycrystal 多晶体poor conductor 不良导体positive charge 正电荷positive crystal 正晶体positive ion 正离子positive plate 正极板positron 正电子potential energy 势能potentiometer 电位差计power 功率pressure 压强，压力primary coil 原线圈principle of constancy of light velocity 光速不变原理prism 棱镜projectile 抛体projectile motion 抛体运动projector 投影仪proton 质子pulley 滑轮pulley block 滑轮组quantity of heat 热量quantization 量子化quantum 量子quantum mechanics 量子力学quantum number 量子数radar 雷达radioactive source 放射源radius of gyration 回旋半径random motion 无规则运动range 量程rated voltage 额定电压reacting force 反作用力real image 实像real object 实物reasoning 推理recoil 反冲rectilinear motion 直线运动reference frame 参考系，坐标系reference system 参考系reflected angle 反射角reflected ray 反射线reflection coefficient 反射系数reflection law 反射定律reflectivity 反射率refracted angle 折射角refracted ray 折射线refraction law 折射定律refraction coefficient 折射系数refractive index 折射率relative acceleration 相对加速度relative error 相对误差relative motion 相对运动relative velocity 相对速度relativity 相对论resistance 电阻resistance box 电阻箱resistivity 电阻率resistor 电阻［器］resolution of force 力的分解resolution of velocity 速度的分解resonance 共振，共鸣resonant frequency 共振频率resultant force 合力resultant velocity 合速度reversibility of optical path 光路可逆性reversible process 可逆过程rheostat 变阻器right-hand screw rule 右手螺旋定则rocker 火箭rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场rotation 自转，转动Rutherford scattering 卢瑟福散射Rutherford ［α-particlescattering ］experiment 卢瑟福［α 散射］实验S pole 南极saturation 饱和scalar 标量scalar field 标量场scanner 扫描器second cosmic velocity 第二宇宙速度selective absorption 选择吸收self-induced electromotiveforce 自感电动势self-inductance 自感self-induction phenomenon 自感系数semiconductor 半导体semi-transparent film 半透膜sensitive galvanometer 灵敏电流计sensitivity 灵敏度sensitometer 感光计sensor 传感器series connection ofcondensers 电容器的串联series-resonan ce circuit 串联谐振电路short circuit 短路short sight 近视shunt resistor 分流电阻significant figure 有效数字simple harmonic motion (SHM)简谐运动simple harmonic wave 简谐波simple pendulum 单摆single crysta（l monocrystal）单晶体single slit diffraction 单缝衍射sinusoidal alternating current简谐交流电sinusoidal current 正弦式电流sliding friction 滑动摩擦slit 狭缝solar cell 太阳能电池solenoid 螺线管solidification 凝固solidifying point 凝固点solid 固体solution 溶液solvation 溶解sonar 声纳sound source 声源sound velocity 声速sound wave 声波sound 声［音］source 电源south pole 南极space 空间spark discharge 火花放电special relativity 狭义相对论specific heat capacity 比热容spectacles 眼镜spectral analysis 光谱分析spectral line ［光］谱线spectrograph 摄谱仪spectrography 摄谱学spectroscopy 光谱学spectrum 光谱speed 速率spherical mirror 球面镜spontaneous radiation 自发辐射spring balance 弹簧秤stability 稳定性stabilized current supply 稳流电源stabilized voltage supply 稳压电源standard atmosphericpressure 标准大气压standard cell 标准电池standing wave 驻波static friction 静摩擦stationary state 定态steady current 恒定电流steady current source 恒流源steady voltage source 恒压源steam point 汽点stiffness 劲度［系数］stimulated radiation 受激辐射stop watch 停表sublimation 升华superconductivity 超导［电］性superconductor 超导体superposition principle ofelectric field 电场强度叠加原理superposition theorem 叠加定律supersaturation 过度饱和supersonic speed 超声速supersonic wave 超声波supply transformer 电源变压器surface resistance 表面电阻switch 开关system of concurrent forces 共点力系system of particles 质点系system of units 单位制systematic error 系统误差telescope 望远镜temperature 温度tension 张力the law of gravity 万有引力定律theorem 原理theorem of kinetic energy 动能定理theorem of momentum动量定理theoretical physics 理论物理学theory 理论thermal capacity 热容［量］thermal equilibrium 热平衡thermal motion 热运动thermal transmission 传热thermodynamic scale ［of temperature ］热力学温标thermodynamic temperature 热力学温度thermometer 温度计thermometric scale 温标thermonuclear reaction 热核反应thick lens 厚透镜thin lens 薄透镜third cosmic velocity 第三宇宙速度three-phase alternating current 三相［交变］电流time 时间timer 定时器，计时器torsion balance 扭秤total reflection 全反射trajectory 轨道transformer 变压器transistor 晶体管transition 跃迁translation 平移transmission line 传输线transmissivity 透射率transverse wave 横波triboelectrification 摩擦起电triode 三极管trough 波谷tuning fork 音叉turbulent flow 湍流ultrasound wave 超声波ultraviolet ray 紫外线umbra 本影undulatory property 波动性uniform dielectric 均匀电介质uniform motion 匀速运动unit 单位unit system 单位制universal constant 普适常量universal gravitation 万有引力universal meter 多用［电］表β -ray β射线vacuum tube 真空管γ -decay γ衰变vacuum 真空γ -ray γ射线value of amplitude 幅值vaporization 汽化variable 变量vector 矢量velocity of light 光速velocity 速度verification 验证vernier 游标vernier caliper 游标卡尺vibration 振动viewing angle 视角viewing field 视场virtual image 虚像virtual object 虚物virtual value 有效值visibility 可见度visible light 可见光voltage 电压voltage division circuit 分压电路voltaic cell 伏打电池voltmeter 伏特计voltmeter-ammeter m et h o d伏安法volt 伏特volume 体积vortex electric field 涡旋电场watt 瓦特wave equation 波动方程wave theory 波动说wavelength 波长wave-particle dualism 波粒二象性wave 波weight 重量weightlessness 失重white light 白光work 功work function 逸出功X-ray X 射线Young exper iment杨氏实验zero line 零线α -decay α 衰变α-particle α 粒子α-ray α 射线β -decay β 衰变。

附录Crankshaft design requirements andworking conditionsCrankshaft is in constant cyclical changes in the gas pressure, reciprocating and rotating motion of the inertial force and the quality of their work under the joint action of the moment, so that both the torsion and bending the crankshaft, resulting in fatigue, stress state; internal imbalance of the engine crankshaft also withstand bending moment and shear force; not taken measures to make the crankshaft torsional vibration damping effect may also be a large amplitude torsional elastic torque. These loads are cross degeneration, may cause fatigue failure of the crankshaft. Practice shows that the bending has a decisive role in bending fatigue failure is the main failure modes. Therefore, the structural strength of the crankshaft bending fatigue strength is the focus, the crankshaft is designed to be committed to improving the fatigue strength of the crankshaft.Crankshaft complex shape, stress concentration is very serious, especially in the connecting rod journal and the crankarm of the fillet and lubricants at the stress concentration near the exit hole is particularly prominent. Common crankshaft fracture, fatigue crack begins with fillet and the hole place. Figure 7-1 shows the crankshaft bending fatigue and fatigue failure of the reverse situation. Root bending fatigue cracks in the surface of the fillet from the journal at the development of the crank, the crank is basically broken into 450; torsion fatigue damage is usually bad from the machining start hole edge, about 450 cut into the crank pin. Therefore, in the design of the crankshaft, pay special attention to finding ways to ease stress concentration, strengthen the stress concentration.Crankshaft journal at a very high ratio of pressure to a large relative velocity of sliding friction in the bearings in place. The bearings in the actual operation conditions changed conditions does not always guarantee a liquid friction, especially when the oil is not clean, the journal was a strong abrasive wear surface, making the actual life of the crankshaft greatly reduced. Therefore, the design, to wear to the friction surface, and the appropriate material bearing a good match.Crank in the crankshaft is the central link, the stiffness is very important. If the crankshaft bending stiffness, then the possible occurrence of more severe bending, the piston rod andbearing deterioration in working conditions greatly affect the reliability of these parts work and durability, even the crankcase is too large and the local stress cracking. Crankshaft's torsional stiffness is poor, the working speed range may be a strong torsional vibration. Ranging from noise, such as transmission gear on the crank to accelerate the wear; while in the crankshaft fracture. Therefore, the design should ensure it has the highest possible bending stiffness and torsional stiffness.As the crankshaft by the power complex, geometric cross-section shape is rather special, in the design, has yet to reflect the objective reality of a theoretical formula for Universal.Therefore, the current design of the crankshaft design relies mainly on experience.曲轴的工作条件和设计要求曲轴是在不断周期性变化的气体压力、往复和旋转运动质量的惯性力以及它们的力矩共同作用下工作的，从而使曲轴既扭转又弯曲，产生疲劳应力状态；对内不平衡的发动机曲轴还承受内弯矩和剪力；未采取扭转振动减振措施使曲轴还可能作用着幅值较大的扭转振动弹性力矩。