中级口译教程_1_称谓、引语、谚语解读

中级口译教程Model Test M1～M13分析中级口译教程M1E1gracious invitation 盛情邀请heartwarming 暖心的When the visitor arrives, it is as if returning home. 宾至如归。

joint venture 合资企业gained and profited 获利的中级口译教程M1E2the restructuring of the group’s organization 集团组织的重建give rise to the problem of … 引发…的问题relocate the new group 为新的集团选择所在地head offices 总部机构recommend 推荐，意见中级口译教程M1C1上有天堂，下有苏杭Just as there is a paradise in Heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.毫无夸张之意be no exaggeration苏杭这两座邻近上海的历史名城以其秀丽的景色每年吸引了数以百万计的海内外游客。

The scenic beauty of this two historic cities near Shanghai attract millions of tourists from home and abroad every year.迷人的苏州造景园林charming Suzhou landscape garden中国南方园林建筑艺术的典范the typical of Chinese southern garden architecture造就了无数自然景观create numerous natural landscape给游客带来了如诗般的意境bring the tourists a poetic mood苏州观光的必游之地 a must for tourists visiting Suzhou中级口译教程M1C2尤为引人注目particularly spectacular逐渐形成…with … coming into shape崛起rising黄金宝地most valuable place海外投资热点 a hot destination of overseas investment璀璨的东方明珠brilliant oriental pearl独特的魅力unique charm富有远见卓识的…… with broad vision金融家financiers企业家entrepreneurs大展宏图readily materialize one’s ambitions中级口译教程M2E1act according to the principle of … 遵循…的原则mutual respect and mutual benefit 互相尊重，互惠互利dignity and fairness 尊严与公平fundamental interest 根本利益ambitious undertaking 雄心勃勃的伟业great endeavor 伟大的事业中级口译教程M2E2two roughly symmetrical hemisphere 两个大致相称的半球be comparable in … 在…方面相近i.e. 也就是说spatial 空间的musical perception 对音乐的感知sophisticated cognitive abilities 复杂的认知能力中级口译教程M2C1上海联华制衣公司Shanghai Lianhua Garment Manufacturing Company 海外营销部Overseas Marketing Department进行业务洽谈have business talk with sb.建立公司海外销售网the establishment of overseas marketing network请多多指教。

2012.09学教育80汉语引语和俗语的口译技巧曲倩倩（陕西中医学院英语系，陕西咸阳712000）[摘要]口译教学实践中涉及到大量的汉语引语、俗语，处理不好就无法达到更好的口译效果。

本文通过列举口译实践中的实例，探讨常见的口译技巧。

[关键词]口译；引语、俗语；口译效果口译是指用口头表达形式，将源语信息转换为译语信息的语言交际活动。

按操作内容，可分为礼仪口译、宣传口译、会议口译、会谈口译等。

汉英两种语言存在很大的文化和结构差异，汉语引语、俗语在口译时需要使用特定的技巧。

另外，口译不同于笔译，具有现场性、即时性和个体性，在口译过程中，准确和流利是首要的标准，意即在短时间内准确传达源语的语义信息，因此在不同的场合之下需要使用口译技巧来处理。

一、引语由于文化传统和习惯，中国人在描述某个场景时，喜欢引用大量的四字短语或者双音节的形容词进行渲染，如神采奕奕，玉兔，祥龙等等，也喜欢引用一定的引语或者俗语来使表达生动传神，但对于外国人来说，就可能是画蛇添足。

段连城先生曾请一位美国记者看过一篇“词藻华丽的宣传品”的译文，那位美国人读后的评语是“充满了极度夸张，使人不知所云，而且令人发笑”（段连城,1992）。

因此，在实际的口译过程中，采用一定的口译技巧来处理类似的引语或者俗语才能达到预期的口译效果。

请看以下几个例子。

二、口译技巧1、虚化处理（1）“今年确实是我的本命年，我也在这里祝我们的祖国，祝中国同世界各国的友好互利合作关系如虎添翼、蒸蒸日上”（2010年3月7日外交部部长杨洁篪答中外记者问）。

As you said,indeed,I was born in the year of the tiger.I hope that our great motherland and our friendship and mut-ually beneficial cooperation with other countries will forge ahead with the vigor and vitality of the tiger.所谓虚化处理就是把具体概念概括化。

（完整word版）上海新东方中级口译笔记新东方中级口译笔记:口译(1)Notice:1、vocabulary 2、Model Sentence 3、Shorthand（略）4、Chinese一、Geremonial Speeches1、welcome/reception/thanks/apology/wishesA:title:president总统，总裁，大学校长Chairman主席，董事长CEO/CFO headmaster中小学校长vice副premier总理(社会主义国家) Chancellor(德) prime (minister部长)首相(英) managing代理mayor市长Your Honor阁下Your Excellency殿下representative 代表participant与会代表B:Expression of emotion:on behalf of,representing谨代表express,extend表达staff员工board 董事会crew机组人员，船员，球员faculty师资队伍delegation代表团sincere，cordial,heartfelt 诚挚的，由衷的authentic,gunuine真挚的hospitality热情好客gracious盛情的Model Sentence:On behalf of (sb), I'd like to express (emotion) to (sb) (1)for sth. (2)who on the occasion of,at the joyous moment of值此之际2、Making ToastMS:(1)May I propose a toast(2)May I ask you to join me in a toast(3)May I aske you to raise your glasses to.. toCheers!3、Confenrencesiminar,symposium专题讨论panel discussion小组讨论MS:(1)I regard it as my great pleasure/honor/privilege(2)It's my great honor(3)I'm honored to introduce you Mr.(title),who is delivering/addressing a speech on the topic of (sth).二、Politics1、International PoliticsA:Displomacy;B:cooperation (1)Economy/Trade (2)Environmenal Protection (3)anti-terrorismstatesman政治家politician政客ambassador大使embassy大使馆sovereignty主权territory 领土/空/海integrity完整declaim谴责interfere with干涉safe guard捍卫internal affairs内政state affairs国事stand/stance立场persistent一贯坚持的advocate,call for主张difference 分歧clash,conflict冲突friction磨擦contradiction矛盾hegemony霸权主义power politics 强权政治10个短语:相互理解，相互尊重，相互信任，相互平等，互惠互利mutual understanding, respect, trust, equality, benefits 求同存异seek commonground while putting aside differences 和睦相处，睦邻友好，与邻为伴，与人为善good neighbour policy(harmonius 和谐coexistence)MS:插入语subject,( ),v. object (1)which (2)doing (3)n. (4)with n.doing (5)adj./adv.(6)because/when/if (7)noun/prep phrase (8)n.+(1)-(7)WORDS(ADD):与会来宾guest present 光临participation,presence,attandance 业绩achievement 永久的everlasting,permanent,eternal,immortal 稳定stability,tranquility 国际大都市cosmopolitan city,cosmopolis 大都会metropolitan city,metropolis 活力energy,dynamism,dynamics,vigor 热情enthusiasm,zeal 多样性diversity 举国同庆national celebration 良辰佳时good time 事业有成good career 吉祥如意luck 高度礼仪utmost courtesy 非凡的extraordinary 改革开放reform and opening up 计划经济planned economy 广阔的extensive 前景prospect 万能词：most,gorgeous新东方中级口译笔记:口译(2)HW:1、离江苏省著名旅游城市苏州仅40公里之遥的古镇周庄被称之为“东方威尼斯”，每年以其典型的江南水乡的景色吸引着无数海内外游客纷至沓来。

第一部分开幕/闭幕式 opening/closing ceremony开幕词 opening speech/address致开幕词 make an opening speech友好访问 goodwill visit阁下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency贵宾 distinguished guest 太常用了..尊敬的市长先生 Respected Mr.Mayor远道而来/来自大洋彼岸的朋友 friends coming from a distant land/the other side of the Pacific东道国 host country宣布……开幕declare……open值此之际 on the occasion of借此机会 take this opportunity to以……名义 in the name of本着……精神 in the spirit of代表 on the behalf of由衷的谢意 heartfelt thanks友好款待 gracious hospitality正式邀请 official invitation回顾过去 look back on展望未来 look ahead/look into the future最后 in closing圆满成功 a complete success提议祝酒 propose a toast第二部分词语扩展一、政治词汇亚太地区 Asian-Pacific region建交 establishment of diplomatic relations between互访 exchange of visit外交政策 foreign policy一贯奉行 in persistent pursuit of平等互利 equality and mutual benefit双边关系 bilateral relations持久和平 lasting peace二、经济词汇贸易额 trade volume商业界 business community跨国公司 transnational corporation经济强国/经济大国/经济列强（视具体情况翻译）economic power第三部分例句1.我愿借此机会，代表我们代表团的全体成员，对我们东道主的诚挚邀请，表示真诚的谢意。

1.兴于诗，立于礼，成于乐（P199）It is by Odes that the mind is aroused. It is by the Rules of Propriety that the character is established. It is from the Music that the finished is received.2.天行健，君子以自强不息(P439)The celestial bodies are regular in their motion, so should the superior man labor unceasingly to strengthen his own character.3.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.4.欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜。

(P448)Whatever her makeup, Xishi always radiates with beauty. So is the West Lake.5.上有天堂下有苏杭(P424)Just as there is a paradise in Heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.6.桂林山水甲天下(P450)The landscape of Guilin tops that of any other place under heaven.7.山不在高，有仙则名；水不在深，有龙则灵(P303)Any mountain can be famous with the presence of an immortal, and any river can be holy with the presence of a dragon.开始Begin, start, begin with, spring, start up, set off on, break out, strike up, originate from,;Initiate, launch, originate, sprout; unfold; unleashoutset, onset,Rudimentary, elementary,出现Appear, appear to be, emerge, arise, loom, turn out, show up, com out, come into sight/view, come forth发生Happen, occur, take place, come about,Happening occurrence产生,创造create, produce, bring about, yield, give birth to, bear, bring into being, generate, beget，germinate;Invent, innovate, renovate, plan, design, imagine, conceive, devise, formulate, imagine, envision,建立Found, set, built up, construct, institute, constitute, set up, establish制造,组成Make, make up, produce, construct, turn out, manufacture, form, shape, compose, compile, concoct, fabricate生长壮大复制,繁殖58Copy, duplicate, reproduce, multiply.发育，发展Grow, develop, breed, bring up, nurture, cultivate, hone, raise, foster, (主动)Develop, advance, progress, move forward, go forward, proceed（自我成长）Burgeon, flourish, thrive, bloom, blossom, boom, prosper;保持，延续Continue, last, carry on, keep on, keep, remain maintain retainPerpetuate,Persevere, stick with, insist on, persist in,Continuous, incessant, permanent, constant, steady, unbroken, perpetual, everlasting, eternal, lasting, unending, uninterrupted, undying, immortal, invariable,存在,生存Exist，found, stand, lay in, be rooted in，be embedded in,Substance, matter, object, material, stuff, things, entity,individual, creature, beings,Topic, subject, issue, theme, gist, item, content, point,Extant, existing, in existence, substantive, ubiquitous, omnipresent, universal,survive，outlive，outlast, remain alive，Endure, undergo,从有到无结束，停止53stop，finish, be over, cease, discontinue, wind up, bring to an end(close, halt), end，come to an end, end up, terminate，que nch，quell，run out, expire, concludeadjourn/dissolve/lull/subvert,abortaive,Surcease, cessation,impasse, deadlock, logjam, stalemate,Ultimate, final, eventual,Abeyance, suspend, interruption, brake, halt, pause,死亡,毁灭Perish, annihilate, kill, exterminate, take life, slay, hatchet, slaughter, assassinate, famish, smother, throttle, strangle, stifle, dec imate,Die, pass away, perish, expire, run out,decease, death, demise,Defunct, moribund, dying,Fatal, formidable, deadly, fatality.取消,废除550Cancel, annul,call off, do away with,Abolish, desuetude, disuse, abandon, repeal, revoke, invalidate, rescind, nullifyObsolete, out of date, outmoded, out of fashion, old-fashioned,除去551Remove，erase，delete, extinguish, exterminate, eliminate, eradicate, extirpate, efface，clear away, throw away, do away with, wipe out, get rid of , rule out,Obliterate, expurgate, expunge, purify, purge,破坏Destroy, damage, wreck, devastate, raze, ravage, knock down, demolish, vandalize, tear down, ruin, spoil, dilapidate,Perdition，detrimental，harmful, injurious,topple down/inclement/伤害Damage Bruise, mar, maul, do harm to, injure, wound, hurt, impair, harm, hurt, wound, harm, break, fracture, maim, cripple, mangle, mutilate;cut, gash, fracture, break灾祸Disaster, catastrophic, calamity, cataclysm, carnage, massacre, holocaust, decimate, wreck, accident,Misfortune, hapless, mishap,逐渐消亡Rot way, perish, decay, disintegrate, decompose, deteriorate, molder, aggravate, worsen, exacerbate, corrupt,Rotten, decayed, corrupt, damaged;decrepit ,decrepitude, dilapidate状态之改变正面能力，强，权力Enable, facilitate, empower, entitle, enhance,Strengthen, reinforce, sustain, countenance, consolidate,Able, be capable of doing , competent, potent, omnipotent, puissant, resourcefulAbility, capability, capacity, skill, forte，competence, facultyIntelligence, aptitude, flair, talentClever, bright, talented, astute, wisdom, wise, smart, acumen,Hegemony, puissance, resource, power, energy, authority, influence, impact, supremacy, potency, strength, force, vigor;大Aggrandize, amplify, augment, broaden, widen, extend, enlarge, magnify, enlarge,Exaggerate, overstate, overstress, overemphasize,多,增加Enrich, increase, add to, abound, fill, fill up, replenish, stock up, add, put in, raise,Accrue, mount up, augment, accumulate, riseAbundant, plentiful, more than enough, profuse, copious, rich, wealthy, generous, numerous, in great numbers;sufficient, enough, adequate, ample, as much as necessary,Increment, accretion, growth, augmentation,高Raise, lift up, improve, enhance, elevate, escalate, heave, heighten, hoist,Rise, increase, ascend, mount, go up, climb scale, jack up, skyrocket, surge, upsurgeHigh, tall, in height, lofty, towering, lanky;Height, stature, elevation, altitude有助Help, assist, aid, subsidize, help to, conduce to,, contribute to, function to, be of assistance, lend a hand, facilitate, enhance,Helper, aide, assistant, accessory, ancillary, accomplice, auspices,支持Support, bolster, boost, brace, buttress, espouse, proponent, underpin, embrace, exponent,快216Accelerate, hasten, speed up, quicken up, expediteRun, scurry, scuttle, scamper, prance, gallop, sprint, scud, Dart, fleet, rush,Fast, quick, rapid, swift, expeditious, speedy, fleeting, briskSpeed, swiftness, pace, velocity, rapidity, tempo, rate, quickness, promptness,有效,起作用Effective, efficient, effectual, successful, useful, helpful, functional, applicable, operative, working, active, functioning, in operati on, in use,Available, serviceable,Impact, influence,自由，解脱Release, free, set free, set off, liberate, unshackle, unfetter, emancipate, manumit, disentangle, untangle, extricate, unravel, 中性变Change, alter, modify, vary, turn, become, adjust, amend, transform, distort, modulate, transmute, shift, transfigure,Fluctuate, move, revolutionize, alternate, shiftDiversified, volatile, fickle, mercurial, protean, erratic, eccentric, irregular, inconsistent,Changeable, unsettled, variable, malleable, mutable,Change, alteration, variation, modification, transition, renovation, recondition, mutation;修改Redress, rectify, revise, emend, renovate, innovate, recondition,负面弱Weaken, enervate, vitiate, sap, impair, emaciate, attenuate, diluteWane, sag, fade, flag, deteriorate, exacerbate, wither, blight, dry up, wilt, sere, sear, shrink, shrivel,Weak, feeble, effete, wan, frail, lacking in strength, impotent, feeble, lethargicInfirmity, weakness, decadence, decadent,减少，降低Lower, reduce, decrease, drop off, abate, decline, dwarf, dwindle, rarefy, curtail, shorten, abridge, truncate, dock, decline, slu mp, eclipse, subside, shrink, ebb,Diminish, lessen, debase, dilute, moderate, die down, grow less intense, cut down, ebb, cut back,慢Decelerate, slow, slow down, retard, hold back,Slow, sluggish,Postpone, put off, delay, defer, procrastinate, adjourn,Dilatory, tardy, slack, sluggish,平息reconcile, comfort, placate, conciliate, reassure，allay, calm, console, soothe, pacify, assuage, mitigate, palliate, salve, temper,palliation, reconciliation,禁止，限制Prohibit, proscribe, forbid, ban, restrain, interdict, overrule, veto, stop fromLimit, restrict, confine, blockade, fetter, shackle, circumscribeProhibited, forbidden, banned, illegal, outlawed, proscribed, taboo;Durance, taboo,控制, 抑制Control, wield, hold, steer, helm, maneuver, manipulate, dominate, regulate, rein in, direct, rule, govern, reign, regimentCurb, bridle, yoke, restrain inhibit smolder, suffocate，refrain from阻碍455Hinder, hamper, check, stunt, impede, block, obstruct, retard, interrupt, hold back, prevent from, forestall, keep from, deter fr om, discountenance, lumber, thwart, stem, stymie, frustrate, stump, stem,Entangle, enmesh, ensnare, entrap,Barrier, obstacle, obstruction, impediment, setback, hindrance, hurdle, blockade, blockage,morass, predicament, plight, straits, quandary,strait,预防Forestall, proselytize, preclude, prevent,干预432Interfere, intervene, intercede, meddle, annoy, vex, nettle, perturb, disturb, discomfit, molest, pester, bother, annoy, harass, in trude,Mediate,Inroad, raid, assail, assault, attack, trespass, infringe, attack, foray, intrude, encroach,Turbulence, disturbance得到，付出付出给Give, offer, endow, endue, present, bestow, provide, supply, furnishImpart, instruct, apprise, teach, instill, inculcate,Proffer, confer, donate, contribute, subscribe, bequeath,Issue, flow out, release,支出Cost, spend, pay, pay out, expend, disburse,Prodigal, profligate, splurge, spendthrift, dissipatefrugal, scrimp, skimp, abstemious,Expenditure, subvention,归还,偿439Return, hand out, restore, reciprocate, remunerate, revert,Compensate, reimburse, indemnify, expiate, atonement,Salary, remuneration, Emolument, honorarium,分配Distribute, allocate, issue, hand out, apportion, allot, dispense, ration, allot, assign, designate;Distribution, dispensation ration, allotment施加impose, entail, exert, inflict, suppress, subjugate, compress ,repress, coerce，使满Suffice, satiate, satisfy, cater, sate, meet requirement, gratifySuffuse, implant, instill, infuse, fill, impregnate,放弃Relinquish, give up, disclaim, abdicate, abjure, waive, renounce, recant, wean, forsake, abdicate, desert, forswear, renounce, r epudiate, forgo, disown, disavow, abandonRenunciation,获得得到Get, receive, Accept, attain, acquire, obtain, gain, repossess, retrieve, procure, catch,Earn, profit, embezzle, peculate, defalcate, graft, appropriate,Obtainable, accessible, receptive,Receiver, recipient, procurement夺Deprive, take away, exact, extort, dispossess, bereave, divest, strip,Loot, ravage, ransack, sack, despoil, plunder, rapine, snatch, ,exploit, distill,Confiscate, impound, sequestrate, forfeit, expropriateExaction, depredation, spoliation,吸引Attract, appeal, fascinate, draw, charm, intrigue, enchant, tempt, allure, enchant, enthrall, rivet, fix, spellbind, intoxicate, engro ss, occupy, captivate, enamor,Attractive, appealing, charming, pleasing, attractiveness, fascination, charisma, personal, magnetism, attraction, fascination,包含510Contain, consist of, comprise, cover, encompass, span, contain, encompass, subsume, consist of, include, involve, embroil, impl icate, ;Configuration component，需要,Require, call for, need, demand, necessitate,Necessary, required, requisite, essential,Requisite, prerequisite, requirement, precondition,使使Cause to be, make, lead to, render, turn into, trigger, activate, cause,要求，请求，Request, ask, entreat, demand, petition, appeal toSolicit, invoke, plead, implore, beseech, adjure,Dictate, command, mandate, order, instruct, charge,Imperative, essential, compulsory, mandatory, urgent, obligatory,Request, requisition, petition, invocation;促使，劝说，Advise, urge, argue, advocate, persuade, sway, influence,Convince, expostulate, exhort, hortative刺激，激发，鼓励Stimulate, activate, spur, incite, agitate, inspire, arouse, excite, provoke, actuate, incite, foment, stir up, trigger, Kindle, enkindl e, igniteencourage, motivate, invigorate, prompt, instigate,Impetuous, impulsive;Drive, motivation, incentive, inducement, impetus推动，驱动，迫使Push, drive, propel, force, oblige, propel, compel goad威逼利诱欺骗，伪装Deceive, dupe, cheat, swindle, hoodwink,Disguise,Duplicity, artifice, chicanery, deception, scheme, subterfuge, duplicity.引诱Beguile, lure, tempt, allure, entice, tantalize, coax, delude, cozen, beguile,,Guile, deceit, cunning, wile, trickeryWily威吓Threaten, menace, intimidate ,hector, frighten, bully,Threatening, menacing,Threat, menace允许,承认Allow, let, permit, licenseAllowance, license, permission, consent, sanction, authorization心理想要期望Expect, look forward to, wait for, look ahead to, suppose, anticipate, await欲望，欲求Wish, want, desire, long, yearn, aspire, crave, hanker, covet:Desirous, eager, avid, greedy, acquisitive, much desired, coveted, ambitious, enterprising;Longing, aspiration, yearning, ambition, avarice, desire for, appetite, desire意图Intend, tend to, mean, plan, be inclined to, predispose, resolve, prone to, apt to, disposed to, attempt to, aim to, be set to, have in mind, slantIntentionally, purposely, deliberately, consciously,Intention, motive, tendency, trend, proclivity, inclination, acclivity declivity,Liable, inclined to, willingly, likely不愿意Waver, hesitate, oscillate, vacillate, boggle, pause, falter,reluctant, unwilling，irresolute, indecisive, undetermined, uncertain, undecided, unsure,Reluctantly, unwillinglyReluctance, unwillingness认知感觉，察觉Sense, feel, savor, be conscious of, be aware of, regain consciousness, perceive, Cognize, regard,Detect, identify, notice, recognize, observe,Heed, pay/give heed to, take heed/notice of, notice, pay/give attention toConscious, aware capable of feeling, sentient, percipient, cognizant,Consciousness, awareness, feeling, sense, sensation,Attention, heed, notice思考Think, consider, ponder, speculate, contemplate, reflect, muse, ponder, contemplate, muse, meditate, ruminate, chew, deliberat e, take into account, take into consideration, cross one's mind, flash across one's mind, pass through one's mind, occur to sbthoughtful, meditative, pensivethought,consideration,reflection,contemplation理解know, understand, realize, appreciate, grasp, apprehend, figure out, be informed about, read, make out, go one’s idea across, decipher, decode, recognize, comprehend, be acquainted with, be familiar with,忽视，忘记, 没感觉Forget, not remember, neglect, ignore, overlook, disregard, pay no attention to, take no notice ofCondone, excuse, and forgive, pardon, absolve, exonerate, extenuate,Oblivious, remiss, delinquent, negligent,Neglectful, forgetfulOblivion, remission, omission.Amnesia, amnesty, inattention, oversightIgnorant, unknown,unconscious, unaware, insensitive, unresponsive清楚clarify, elucidate, shed light on, illuminate, make clearexplicit, overt, precise, unambiguous, plain, clear, unequivocal,clarity, clearness, lucidity, transparency, simplicity, precision.迷惑Confuse, puzzle, muddle, bewilder, perplex, baffle, nonplus, flummox, disconcert, confound, mix up, fluster, obscure, obfuscate, perplexQuandary, dilemma, plight, predicament,态度正面赞成,同意Approve, endorse, grant, confirm, ratify, agree with, consent, endorse, approbate, assent, approve, accord, agree, accede, reso nate,Unanimous, in full accord,Approval, agreement, concurrence, unanimity, approbation. Uniformity, consistency, endorsement, confirmation, ratification, sanc tion,allow, permit, let, consent to肯定，相信Certain, sure, ascertain,positive, confident, convinced, assured,Inevitable, certainly, surely, positively, definitely, confidently, assuredly, inevitably, undoubtedly, unquestionably, unequivocallyBelieve, trust, entrust, have faith in,fidelity, loyalty, faith, affidavit, conviction,喜欢，赞美Love, be fond of, like, favor,worship, adore,Laud, praise, commend, extol, exalt, exult, eulogize, honor, pay tribute to,hymn, paean, carol, psalm, encomium,不喜欢，Loath, hate, dislike, abhor, repulse, repel, abominate, detest,Heinous, odious, hateful, repellent, repulsive, repugnant obnoxious,Aversion, odium, aversion, revulsion, abhorrence,不同意，反对Disagree, dissent, reject, and disallow discord,Contradict, gainsay, say the opposite to, oppose, counter, be in opposition to, go up against, defy, controvert, impugn,Inconsistent, contradictory, in disagreement, at oddsDisharmony, dissonanceOpposing, dissenting, opposite, contradictory, override contrariwise, oppositely;Dispute, argue,反驳Refute, rebut, retort, deny, confute, contest, disprove羞辱，贬义Embarrass, humiliate, disgrace, dishonor, mortify, demean, discomfit, degrade, undermine Embarrassed, ashamed, unembarrassed, unabashedHumiliation, chagrin忧虑Worry about, fret over, feel anxious, uneasy about, be concerned about,fret, agony,Anxious, uneasy;Anxiety, concern, uneasiness, disquietedness, nervousness疑问,不相信Doubt, query, question, inquiry,Discredit, distrust, disbelieve, mistrust, suspect, be suspicious of, have doubts aboutDoubtful, misgiving, skeptical, dubious, incredulous,;Doubt, incertitude, questioning, skepticism, implausibility, incredibility批评，谴责Criticize, censure, condemn, denounce, attack, rail, rebuke, blame, reprove, reprimand,reproach; diatribe, reproof, reprimand分久必合，合久必分合，和同,等, 似Accord, match, equal, like, resemble, approximate,Same, unified, matching, much the same, be similar to, akin to, the same as, equivalent, identical parallel Equivalent, congruity, concord, parallel, similarity, parallelism, tantamount, tally,Resemble, bear a resemblance to, be like, look like, simulate, take after, imitate, mimic, copy, emulate,比较Compare, contrast, weigh against, judge against, balance, parallelComparatively, relatively适合Suitable, fit, suited, proper, right, appropriate, apposite, apropos, opportune, fitting, apt,suitably, properly, rightly, appropriately, fittingly, aptly,相容Compatible, well-matched, well-suited, attuned, companionable, congenial, affable, amicable,Accommodate, Harbor, lodge,陪伴Accompany with, go along with, go together with, go with, come with, keep sb. Company, join, escort, convoy, cling to合作,合并Work together, cooperate, come together, and collaborate, join forces, team up,Merge, unite, connect, bond, bring together, combine, associate, amalgamate, swallow up, become one, come together, Affiliat e, annex, coalesce, incorporate, integrate, put together, join together.Involve, embroil, include,Weld, join, solder,Merger, combination, solidarity, coalition, cohesion, conglomeration, agglomeration, confluence, Rapport, rapprochement, insepar able,聚集Gather, accumulate, amass, collect, pile up, heap up, compile, assemble, garner, convene, summon, organize, call together,swarm, throng, teem, crowdRally, confer, muster, congregate, aggregate, put together, amass, convoke, convene, collect a supply of;Collection, group, multitude, flock, herd, array, accumulation, accretion, backlog.Gregarious,联系，依靠Link, relate, connect, associate, correlate, attach, fasten, clinch, cling to, tie, adhere, affiliate, pertain, trace;Relevant, pertinent, germane,Link, bond, nexus, linkage, relationship, attachment,Rely on, trust, depend on, count on;Reliable, foolproof, dependable, independent, sovereign;trust, reliance, dependence,Complete, total, entire, full, whole, thorough, comprehensive, all-round, versatile, plenaryGenerally, entirely, fully, wholly, thoroughly, exhaustively, usually, largely, mainly, mostly, for the most part, on the whole, in generalAll over, throughout;交易，遇见，互相Trade, exchange, deal, do business, transact, interact, intertwine, swap, switch,Trade, commerce, interplay, commodity, goods, merchandise, transaction, interactionMeet, encounter, run into, run across, come across, happen to see, discover;Mutual, reciprocal, vice versa,遵守，认同Obey, comply with, act upon, follow, meet the terms, act in accordance, submit, observe, conform,Accordance, tractable, obedient, ductile, compliant, docile, manageable, tame,分分开，部分Divide, break up, separate, undo, seclude, sever, diversify, bifurcate, ramify, disconnect, cede, sunder, asunder, part, partition, isolate, part, detach,Exclude, occluded, preclude, segregate, secludeDisband, dismiss, scatter, estrange, segment, cleave, rift, disintegrate, split up, fall apart, collapse,Fission, crevice, partition, detachment, secession,Section, aspect, feature, facet, respect, side, sector, division, part, segment, fragment, piece, portion背离Digress, deviate, diverge, astray, depart, swerve, deflect, defection, apostate, betray, divagate, secede egress,Perfidious, infidelity, disloyal, unfaithfulness, disaffected,不同Different, dissimilar, unlike, incongruous, discordant, disparate,Multifarious, motley, various varied, diversified,Diversity, shade, nuance, disparity, discrepancy, difference, variance, multiplicity,Incompatible, mismatched, unsuited, discordant, inharmonious, unsuitable, improper, wrong, inappropriate, inopportune, unfitunsuitably, inappropriately,违背，对立Contravene, defend, break, breach, disobey, counter, resist, violate, defy, flout, infringe,infraction,对立争，斗，努力Compete, via, contend, struggle, wrestle, tussle, challenge, fight against, emulate, rival, conflict, contest, strife, confront, face up to,Strive, make an effort, endeavor to, try to do, attempt to do, struggle;Effort, attemptantagonistic, hostile, friction躲避Avoid, escape, keep away from, stay away from, shun, wince, flee, run away, flight, parry, evade, dodge, sidestep, elude, shir k,成Win, succeed, triumph, prevail, outstrip, outwit, transcend, exceed, surmount, overcome surpass,Fulfill, complete, accomplish, finish, achieve, reach, approach, realize, soar,Subdue, suppress, override, overrule, subvert, topple,Consummation, achievement, feat, attainment, accomplishment.Accessible, reachable, attainable, obtainable, approachable,败Fail, be unsuccessful, be abortive, flunk, founder, bungle, sink, be fruitless, bungle, blunder, bumble, muffFailure, abortion, crashstranded,处理对付,处置Deal with, cope with, and dispose, handle, manage, process,Disposition选择Choose, select, favor, prefer, pick,传递Transmit, pass, hand on, transcribe, transfer, move, convert, convey, send, ferry, transport,Impart, inculcate, instruct, teach, inform, apprise, pass ontransfusion,采用，利用Make use of, use, employ, utilize, exploit, consume, harness, assume, take on手段，工具By means of, by way of, by virtue of , method, manner, means, device, instrument, facility, implement, apparatus, appliance, mechanism, gadget, utensil, tools,contrivance, maneuver, tactic, mean, expedient, stratagem, tact, ploy,artifice, chicanery, scheme, plan, project, program行为，Act, perform, behave, work, serve as, operate, run, function to, conduct;Be engaged in, carry on, indulge in, participate, endeavor to, take part in, devote to, dedicate to,Behavior, demeanor, conduct, action, performance,信息处理表达说,表达say, tell, talk, speak, utter, express, voice, state, articulate, pronounce, emote,Declare, pronounce, claim, announce, address, intimateEquivocate, prevaricate, prattle, stammer,chat, discuss, converse, bargain, negotiate,talk, chat, discussion, debate, conversation, colloquy提出Suggest, propose, present, put forward, recommend, advocate, advise, posit, aver, allege, postulate, propound, tender,Hint, imply, insinuate, allude,描述Describe, depict, illustrate, limn, recount, portray, represent, define, characterize, delineate, sketch out,;description, version解释,说明Explain, interpret, explicate, detail, clarify, make clear, construe, misconstrue, elucidate, shed light on, decipher,, expound, disa buse, explain in detail, account for;Exposition, exhibition, connotation, exegesis, gloss annotate,表明Show, demonstrate, evince, indicate, display, exhibit,获取信息观察,探求observe, view, see, spot, watch, notice, make out, perceive, bring attention to, be aware of,distinguish, discern, detect, scrutinize, monitor, study, sight, inquire, probe, search, explore,Search, grope, probe, plumb, fathom, research,quest;调查，检查Inspect, examine, scan, study, check, investigate, censor, peruse, look into, look over, scrutinize, survey,Inspection, examination, census, censor, investigation, scrutiny, survey, inquiry, census, poll纪录，记载Record, register, document ,write down, take down, put down, note down, detail, keep details,逻辑分析证明Analyze, consider, infer, extrapolate, prove, justify, confirm, verify, validate, testify, attest, authenticate, substantiate, give evid ence, corroborate假设Presume, assume, suppose, imagine, premise, surmise,推断Induce, infer, deduce, reason, derive from, ratiocinate, conclude,因果result from, result in, according to, attribute to, ascribe to, credit to, account for, derive from, arise from,proof, evidence, inference, conclusion,convince,cogent, sound, logical, rational,真，正确True, right, correct, proper, real, actual, genuine, veritable, veracious, authentictruly, really, actually, in fact, authentically, realistically, pragmatically;genuinely veraciously，faultless, impeccable, in the right wayTruth, canon, criterion, norm, axiom, veracity. Rationale, truism, maxim,correct, revise, rectify假,错False, wrong, incorrect, fallacious mistaken, erroneous, unreal, errant, faultyFake, sham, phony, pretended, simulated, pseudoMistakenly, erroneously;Mistake, error, fault, fallacy, misconception, illusion;take A as B, confuse A with B, mistake A for B, erroneously identify A as B, falsify,发现, 揭示Discover, find out, learn, reveal, disclose, unveil, expose, divulge, make known, debunk, declassify, decode, decipher, translate, make out, revelation,其它强调的，Absolutely, incontrovertible, indispensable，indisputable, inalienable, indubitable, incontestable, irrefutable, incontrovertible;重要的Consequential, imponderable, paramount, substantial, major, significant, important, leading, major, dominant, predominant, prev ailing, key, pivotal, decisive, critical, crucial, basic, fundamental, radical, essential, primary, integral, inherent, indispensable, ne cessary优缺点Advantage, benefit, advantageous, valuable, precious, positive, positive aspect, helpful, asset, valuable quality. Disadvantage, drawback, weakness, shortcoming, downside, negative aspect, unfavorable feature.明显的，突出的，优秀的，杰出的Obvious, apparent, evident, conspicuous visible, noteworthy, noticeable, notable, manifest, outstanding, remarkable, salient, pro minent, eminent, distinguished, striking, extraordinary, excellent, monumental, phenomenal,主要mainly, chiefly, principally, predominatly, basically, fundamentally, primarily, inherently,。

浅谈口译教学中汉语引语及谚语英译的处理技巧作者：张兰来源：《亚太教育》2015年第28期摘要：本文从口译教学的角度分析了汉语中的引语和谚语在英译时应遵循的一些处理技巧，通过研究大量的口译实例为口译教师指导学生进行此类内容的专项训练提供了可供借鉴的方案。

关键词：引语;谚语;直译;意译中图分类号：H315文献标志码：A文章编号：2095-9214（2015）10-0135-01引言在汉英口译的过程中，讲话人常常会引用汉语中一些名言、谚语或经典诗句来强调自己的观点。

由于汉语谚语或引语包含丰富的文化内涵，同时还伴有对仗、押韵等语言表现形式，因此要将其内容和效果用英语准确体现出来并非易事。

一、加强积累、准确记忆经过多年的研究和积累，众多笔译工作者已经基本完成了对汉语中一些常见谚语、成语和诗句的英译版本的收集和整理。

例如有口译教材将汉语谚语的英译大致分为三类：一是形同意合类，例如钱钟书先生将“吃一堑，长一智”英译为A fall into the pit，a gain in your wit，其形式和意思和中文原文都极为契合;二是形似意合类，例如“爱屋及乌”，英语中早有对应的love me，love my dog;三是形相远而意相近类，例如“五十步笑百步”对应英语中的The pot calls the kettle black。

建议口译教师在教学时应首先要求学生先对出现频率高的内容要在理解译文的基础上最好能够熟记或背诵。

强调学生在学习中进行相应的背诵训练有两个目的：一、对于已有现成英语翻译或者在英语中存在对应说法可以直接套译的汉语谚语或引语而言，最佳的口译方式就是将已有的版本原文照搬。

例如中国外交部长王毅在2014年的两会记者招待会上谈到中国和拉共体国家关系时，引用了唐朝诗人王勃的诗句“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”，现场口译员翻译的版本——Bosom friends from afar bring a distant land near已经接近笔译教科书式的精确，在形式的对仗、押韵和语意的传达上几乎完全对等，不难看出这并非译员临时想出的译文，而更多是得益于平时的积累。

Unit 1【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story.（“×”号表示译文有问题，下同）×树的历史开始于森林中，直到生产为木板后被使用为止，成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。

上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容：1、树的历史的起迄时间2、树的历史是怎样一回事【译文】一棵树，从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止，这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事，在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人心。

例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.×有两个调节系统相互作用。

一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明，就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。

【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。

一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息，依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。

寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法，常表现如下：1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬，但基本可读。

如：【例3】I can see three different 无效s of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.×我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家，他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。

口译技巧UNIT ONE 第一单元introdcuing skills in interpretingPART I:称谓口译：大学校长：president中学校长principal ；headmaster局长：director省长：governor总书记：genearl secreatray总工程师：chief engineer总编辑：editor-in-chief总经理：executive head managing director总教练：head coach [kəutʃ]总干事：secretary-general；commssioner《kə'miʃənə]总指挥：commander-in-chief；generalissimo总领事：consul-general ['kɔnsəl]如果表示是副手的，则可以选择VICE/ASSOCIATE/ASSITANT/DEPUTY['depjuti]副主席：Vice-president副总理“Vice-premier 'premjə,副省长：vice-governor行政职务的副头衔与学术头衔的副职往往用不通的词表示最常用的是associate副教授associate professor副主编associate managing editor副主任医师：associate senior docotor 主任医生；attending docotor以director表示的职位的副职常以deputy director来表示，此外，secretary，mayor 'mεə]，dean 等头衔的副职也可以用deputy有些职业的职称和职务系列中，最高级别的职务是，chief首席执行官chief executive officer iɡ'zekjutiv]首席法官chief judge首席代表chief representaive repri'zentətiv]代理可以acting 常务managing 执行executive 名誉honorary ['ɔnərəri]Acting mayor 代理市长['mεə]Managing vice president 常务副校长Executive secretray 执行秘书Honorary president 名誉校长有些职务或职称带有主任，主治，特级，特派，特约等头衔，英译不尽相同主任编辑：associate senior editor主任秘书chief secretary主治医生attending docotor特级教师：special-grade senior teacher特派记者；arredited correspondent [ə'kreditid] [,kɔ:ri'spɔndənt]特约编辑：contributing editor特约记者：special correspondentOffice manager 办公室主任Doctoral student supervisor 博士生导师Graduate student supervisor 研究生导师Visiting professor 客座教授Academician [ə,kædə'miʃən] 院士PART II 谚语口译；When the visitor arrives，it is as if returning home；宾至如归Seeing is believing 眼见为实/百闻不如一见谚语的口译大概可以分为三种类型形同意合A fall into the pit ,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑长一智Business is biz 公事公办This style is the man 文如其人Fish in troubled waters 浑水摸鱼Facts speak lounder than words 事实胜于雄辩Failure is the mother of success 失败乃成功之母Like father like son 有其父，必有其子Great minds think alike 英雄所见略同Misfortune never come alone 祸不单行Hedges have eyes ,walls have ears [hedʒ] 隔篱有眼，隔墙有耳Man proposes，god disposes 谋事在人成事在天The tongue cuts throat [tʌŋ]言多必失祸从口出Out of sight,out of mind 眼不见为净Out of office,out of danger 五官一声轻不在其位不谋其职T HE REMEBRANCE OF THE PAST IS THE TEACHER OF THE F UTURE 前事不忘后事之师形离意合Teach fish to swim 班门弄斧Beat the dog before the lion 杀鸡儆猴Have a card up one`s sleeve 胸有成竹Put the cart before the horse.本末倒置Diamond cut diamond ['daiəmənd] 强中更有强中手Gifts blind the eyes 拿人手短，吃人嘴软There is no smoke without fire 无风不起浪A new broom sweeps clean 新官上任三把火Do not bite the hand that feeds you 不要恩将仇报There are plently of fish in the sea 天涯何处无芳草Kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕一石二鸟Speak of devil and he will appear ['devəl] 说曹操曹操到A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe 身正不怕影子斜A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of swan ['spærəu] [swɔn, swɔ:n] 燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉不可望文生义A horse stumbles that has four legs 人非圣贤孰能无过['stʌmbl]Late fruit keeps well 大器晚成All your swans are geese 事与愿违Rest breeds rust 生命在于运动Penny wise and pound foolish 因小失大['peni] [paund]The pot calls the kettle black 五十步笑百步['ketl]Justice has long arms 天网恢恢疏而不漏A watched pot never boils [bɔil] 心急吃不了热豆腐The moon is not seen when the sun shines 小巫见大巫A hedge between keeps friendship green 君子之交淡如水Many kiss the baby for the nurses sake 醉翁之意不在酒Everybody·s biz is nobody·s biz 三个和尚无水喝Do not count the chicken before they are hatched ['hætʃid] 不要盲目乐观Misfortune might be a blessing in disguise [dis'ɡaiz]祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏What we lose in hake we shall have in herring ['heriŋ]失之东隅收之桑榆Save your breath to cool your porridge ['pɔridʒ, 'pɔ:-] 管好自己的事The shepherd would rather lose the wool than the sheep. ['ʃepəd] 留的青山在不怕没柴烧】引语口译Man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters.天生外物以民为贵The passage of the time is just like the flow of water ,which goes on day and night 逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜The people are the most important element in a state :next are the gods of land and grain;least is the ruler himself .民为贵，社稷次子，君为轻All living creatures grow together without harming one another ;ways run paralle l without interfering with one another;万物并育而不相害，道并行而不相悖['pærəlel]Distance cannot separate true friends who feel so close even when they are thousands of miles apart 相知无远近，万里尚为邻If two people with the same mind ,their sharpness can cut through metal 二人同心其利断金A bosom friend afar brings distance near ['buzəm] [ə'fɑ:]海内存知己，天涯若比邻It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar 有朋自远方来不亦乐乎If you carve without a break,even metal and stone can be engraved [kɑ:v] [in'ɡreiv]锲而不舍，金石可镂We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one flight of staris.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼[ə'sendiŋ]As heaven·s movement is ever vigorous ，so must a gentleman ceaselessly strive along.天行健，君子以自强不息['viɡərəs]The way ahead is long and has no ending;yet high and low I `ll search with my will unbending 路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索Learning without thinking leads to cofusion;thinking without learning ends in danger 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆As the earth`s capacity is to hold so must a gentleman constantly cultivate virtue in himself to shoulder the word,地势坤，君子以厚德载物[kə'pæsəti] ['kɔnstənt] ['kʌltiveit] ['və:tju:] Opportunities vouchsafed by heaven are outmatched by terrestrial advantages,which in turn are outmatched by the harmony among people. [vautʃ] [,aut'mætʃ] [ti'restriəl, 天时不如地利，地利不如人和It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse,no poverty and hardship can shake,and no power and force can suffocate.富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈，此之所谓大丈夫。

《中级口译教程》学习重点2—1 Greetings at the Airport 机场迎宾1. 人力资源部经理Manager of Human Resources Division2。

top—notch 顶尖的/拔尖的notch: 槽口/ 凹口3. 百忙中抽空take time from one’s busy schedule4. run into a strom 撞上/偶遇风暴run into=run across=meet sb/sth accidently=by chanve=unexpectedly5. 倒时差to get over the jet-lag6. 设宴洗尘to hold a reception party in one’s honor7．典型的中国杂技a typical Chinese acrobatic show8．集团总裁Chairman of the Board2-2 Hotel Accommodation 宾馆入住1. 旅行社travel agency/travel service2。

itinerary 路线/旅行预定路线 a route or proposed route of a journey3。

豪华套房deluxe/luxury suite4。

8折优惠价 a good rate with 20% off5. 总台Front Desk6。

餐饮部Catering Service7. 洗熨部Laundry Service2—3 Banquet Service1.满足客人的不同需求：cater to the different needs of our guests2。

敬业的专家：dedicated experts3。

没有她的最后努力,还不知道现在会怎么样呢：Without her last—minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere。

引语（中级口译资料）天生万物，唯人为贵。

Man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters・逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。

The passage of time is just like the flow of water, which goes on day and night.民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。

The people are the most important element in a state; next are the gods of land and grain; least is the ruler himself.万物并育而不相害，道并行而不相悖。

All living creatures grow together without harming one another; ways run parallel without interfering with one anothe匚相知无远近，万里尚为邻。

Distance cannot separate true friends who feel so close even when are thousands of miles apart.百尺竿头，更进一步。

Build on past success and open up new horizon for new progress・中国和印度是同舟共济、患难与共的同路人。

China and India are fellow travelers sharing weal and woe in a common journey.明者因时而变，知者随时而制。

A wise man changes as time and event change.一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。

A single flower does not make spring, while a hundred flowers in full blossom bring spring to the garden.海纳百川，有容乃大。

中级口译口试讲义第一章口译综述一、口试部分简介1、常见选题①选择性、辩论性话题②热点问题：西部大开发、北京申奥等③校园文化话题④社会现象、成功、快乐、国家政策等2、口语应试技巧①多与英美国家人士交流、沟通②通过原版外片提高语感③背诵好的演讲稿④阅读报纸，提高词汇量，充实知识量⑤平日进行作文练习3、口语考试常见问题:①因为紧张忘记事先准备的例子②表达不流利二、口译实考体验口译基本功1、考生具备较高语言水平2、丰富词汇量、流利的表达3、准确的发音4、较高的文化修养5、很好的心理素质6、很强的记忆力7、较强的理解力、分析力、应变能力中外合资是一种互补互惠的合作关系。

外国在华投资可以最大限度地发挥各自的优势。

A Sino—foreign joint venture is a mutually complementary and beneficial partnership. Foreign investment in China can maximize the strengths of both parties concerned.我国幅员辽阔、资源丰富、劳动力低廉、消费市场潜力大。

此外我们还有稳定的政治社会环境和优惠的投资政策。

Our country has massive land，abundant resources, cheap labor and a potential consumer market，in addition to the stable political and social environment and favorable investment policies.发达国家有雄厚的资金、先进的技术和管理知识。

投资兴办合资企业时，外方可以提供资金、机械、技术和管理方法。

Developed countries have sufficient funds, advanced technology and managerial expertise. When establishing a joint venture, a foreign partner may bring into the cooperative business capital funds，machinery, advanced technology and management.中方可以提供土地、劳工和部分资金。