婴幼儿生长发育标准表

婴幼儿生长发育

一、婴幼儿的生长发育规律

生长发育是儿童机体的基本生理特征。生长一般是指形态的增长，是指细胞间质大小的自然增加，是量的变化;发育是指伴随着生长而来的结构及功能的成熟，是质的变化，它们随着年龄的增长而发展变化。婴幼儿机体的生长发育遵循一定的规律。

（一）婴幼儿生长发育是一个连续不断的过程。

（二）不同年龄阶段生长发育速度不同。一般来说，年龄越小，生长发育越快 ，出生后第一年最快 ，以后逐渐减慢，但是到了青春期又会加快。

（三）不同系统、器官的发育有先有后。例如，神经系统发育最早，生殖系统发育最晚。

（四）体格各部分发育不平衡。例如，胎儿头颅大（占全身长的 1/2 ）躯干长但两腿短小，到成人时，头颅相对变小（占全身长的1 /8 ），躯干相对变短 ，两腿相对变长。

二、影响婴幼儿生长发育的因数

婴幼儿生长发育主要受以下几种因数影响：

（一）受遗传体质影响。遗传体质因素是婴幼儿生长发育个体差异的主要原因。例如，家族性身材矮小，家旋性肥胖等。某些畸形异常及疾病与遗传基因有关系。

（二）受内分泌的影响 。 生长发育受各种内分泌的影响，例如，身长的发育，初生婴儿主要受胸腺，婴儿主要受甲状腺，3 ——4岁幼儿主要受垂体影响，这些内分泌腺体若有机能异常，发育立即出现障碍。

（三）受环境因素影响。环境因素包括季节、营养、社会经济等方面 。一般认为 ，小儿体重增加秋天显著，春天少;相反，身长的增加春天显著。婴幼儿营养物质在量或质方面有欠缺时生长发育会明显受到影响。社会经济条件是各种因素的总和 ， 经济状态的改善和文化水平的提高是婴幼儿生长发育的重要条件。此外，疾病及外伤，如母患妊娠高血压综合症 ，分娩时异常 ，尤其是室息等对发育有一定影响。 三、判断婴幼儿生长发育的标准

根据什么说孩子长大了，或是说发育良好呢?一般认为儿童的身高、体重、胸围、坐高等身体指标可以作为判断 儿童生长发育情况的标准。

（一）体重

P3P10P25P50P75P90P97P3P10P25P500.047.1048.1049.2050.4051.6052.7053.8011.1711.3911.9813.070.150.6351.7152.8854.1655.4456.6257.8112.0612.3012.9514.140.254.3155.4856.7158.0859.4460.7161.9813.0313.2914.0015.300.357.9259.1760.4661.9163.3664.7166.0713.9614.2415.0116.410.461.2262.5563.9065.4366.9668.3969.8314.7515.0515.8517.350.564.0065.4066.8068.4070.0071.5073.0015.2815.5916.4217.960.666.1067.5569.0070.6572.3273.8875.4315.3615.6716.5118.060.767.7269.2170.7072.3974.1375.7277.3115.2715.5816.3917.920.869.0670.5972.1173.8375.6377.2678.8815.1415.4316.2117.680.970.2771.8473.3975.1577.0078.6680.3214.9815.2616.0117.421.071.5073.1074.7076.5078.4080.1081.8014.8415.1115.8317.191.172.7274.3676.0177.8779.8181.5583.3114.7314.9915.7017.031.273.8275.5077.2279.1481.1282.8984.7114.6114.8615.5616.871.374.8676.5878.3680.3482.3684.1786.0514.4914.7415.4216.721.475.8777.6379.4781.5283.5785.4287.3714.3814.6315.3016.581.576.9078.7080.6082.7084.8086.7088.7014.3014.5515.2116.471.677.9779.8181.7683.9086.0688.0190.0614.2614.5115.1716.411.779.0480.9282.9185.1087.3189.3491.4314.2614.5015.1516.381.880.0982.0184.0586.2788.5590.6492.7814.2714.5115.1516.371.981.1283.0885.1587.4189.7691.9194.0714.2714.5115.1516.362.082.1084.1086.2088.5090.9093.1095.3014.2614.4915.1316.332.183.0385.0887.2089.5491.9994.2396.4614.2214.4515.0816.272.283.9386.0288.1790.5593.0595.3197.5614.1714.3915.0216.192.384.8086.9389.0991.5294.0696.3398.6014.1114.3314.9516.122.485.6287.7989.9792.4495.0197.3099.5814.0414.2714.8816.042.586.4088.6090.8093.3095.9098.20100.5013.9914.2114.8115.972.687.1289.3391.5594.0896.6999.01101.3213.9414.1614.7615.902.787.7789.9892.2394.7897.3999.73102.0413.8814.1014.7015.832.888.4090.6092.8795.4498.05100.41102.7113.8314.0514.6415.772.989.0391.2393.5196.1098.70101.08103.3813.7814.0014.5915.713.089.7091.9094.2096.8099.40101.80104.1013.7413.9514.5415.663.190.4292.6394.9497.55100.14102.57104.8813.6913.9114.4915.613.291.1793.4095.7198.31100.90103.35105.6913.6513.8714.4515.573.391.9394.1896.4999.09101.67104.15106.5013.6213.8314.4115.523.492.6894.9697.2699.85102.44104.93107.3113.5813.7914.3715.493.593.4095.7098.00100.60103.20105.70108.1013.5513.7614.3415.453.694.0996.4198.70101.32103.95106.44108.8613.5113.7314.3015.423.794.7597.0999.38102.02104.69107.15109.5913.4813.7014.2715.393.895.4097.77100.05102.71105.43107.86110.3213.4613.6714.2515.363.996.0598.43100.72103.40106.17108.57111.0513.4313.6414.2215.344.096.7099.10101.40104.10106.90109.30111.8013.4013.6114.2015.324.197.3699.76102.09104.81107.62110.05112.5713.3813.5914.1715.304.298.02100.42102.79105.53108.34110.81113.3513.3513.5614.1515.284.398.68101.08103.50106.26109.06111.57114.1313.3313.5414.1315.264.499.34101.74104.20106.98109.78112.34114.9213.3013.5214.1115.254.5100.00102.40104.90107.70110.50113.10115.7013.2813.5014.0915.234.6100.66103.08105.60108.42111.24113.86116.4813.2613.4814.0715.234.7101.33103.76106.31109.15111.98114.63117.2713.2513.4614.0615.224.8101.99104.45107.01109.87112.73115.39118.0513.2313.4514.0515.22男童身高百分位值年龄男童身高体重指数（BMI中国儿童生长发育标准4.9102.65105.13107.71110.59113.47116.15118.8313.2213.4414.0415.225.0103.30105.80108.40111.30114.20116.90119.6013.2113.4314.0415.225.1103.94106.46109.08112.00114.92117.64120.3613.1913.4214.0315.235.2104.57107.11109.75112.69115.63118.37121.1113.1913.4114.0315.245.3105.20107.76110.42113.38116.33119.10121.8613.1813.4014.0315.255.4105.81108.39111.07114.05117.02119.81122.5913.1713.4014.0215.265.5106.40109.00111.70114.70117.70120.50123.3013.1613.3914.0215.275.6106.97109.59112.31115.33118.36121.17123.9913.1513.3814.0215.285.7107.51110.15112.89115.93119.01121.81124.6513.1413.3814.0215.305.8108.05110.71113.47116.52119.65122.44125.3013.1313.3714.0215.315.9108.57111.25114.03117.11120.28123.07125.9513.1313.3614.0215.336.0109.10111.80114.60117.70120.90123.70126.6013.1213.3614.0315.356.1109.62112.34115.16118.30121.50124.33127.2513.1113.3514.0315.366.2110.13112.87115.71118.89122.09124.96127.9013.1113.3514.0315.386.3110.64113.40116.26119.48122.67125.59128.5413.1013.3514.0415.406.4111.16113.94116.82120.08123.27126.23129.2113.1013.3514.0415.436.5111.70114.50117.40120.70123.90126.90129.9013.0913.3514.0515.456.6112.26115.10118.02121.34124.57127.60130.6313.0913.3514.0615.486.7112.84115.72118.66122.01125.27128.32131.4013.0913.3514.0715.506.8113.43116.36119.32122.68125.99129.06132.1813.0913.3514.0815.536.9114.02116.99119.97123.35126.70129.79132.9513.1013.3614.0915.567.0114.60117.60120.60124.00127.40130.50133.7013.1013.3614.1115.607.1115.17118.20121.22124.64128.08131.20134.4213.1013.3714.1215.637.2115.74118.79121.83125.26128.75131.88135.1413.1113.3814.1315.667.3116.31119.37122.43125.88129.41132.56135.8413.1113.3914.1515.707.4116.86119.94123.02126.50130.06133.24136.5213.1213.3914.1715.737.5117.40120.50123.60127.10130.70133.90137.2013.1313.4014.1915.777.6117.92121.04124.16127.70131.32134.56137.8613.1313.4114.2015.817.7118.43121.57124.70128.28131.93135.20138.5013.1413.4314.2215.847.8118.92122.08125.23128.86132.52135.84139.1313.1513.4414.2415.887.9119.41122.59125.76129.44133.11136.48139.7613.1613.4514.2715.928.0119.90123.10126.30130.00133.70137.10140.4013.1713.4614.2915.978.1120.39123.61126.84130.55134.29137.72141.0413.1813.4814.3116.018.2120.87124.11127.39131.09134.88138.32141.6913.2013.4914.3316.058.3121.35124.61127.94131.63135.46138.92142.3413.2113.5114.3616.098.4121.83125.11128.48132.16136.03139.52142.9813.2213.5314.3816.148.5122.30125.60129.00132.70136.60140.10143.6013.2413.5514.4116.188.6122.77126.09129.50133.24137.15140.67144.2013.2613.5714.4416.238.7123.24126.57129.98133.79137.69141.23144.7813.2713.5914.4716.288.8123.70127.05130.45134.33138.23141.79145.3513.2913.6114.5016.328.9124.15127.53130.92134.87138.76142.34145.9213.3113.6314.5316.379.0124.60128.00131.40135.40139.30142.90146.5013.3313.6514.5616.429.1125.03128.47131.90135.92139.84143.46147.0813.3513.6814.5916.479.2125.46128.94132.41136.42140.39144.03147.6713.3813.7014.6216.529.3125.88129.41132.92136.92140.94144.60148.2613.4013.7314.6616.589.4126.29129.86133.42137.42141.48145.16148.8413.4213.7614.6916.639.5126.70130.30133.90137.90142.00145.70149.4013.4513.7814.7316.689.6127.11130.72134.34138.37142.50146.22149.9313.4813.8114.7616.749.7127.51131.11134.76138.83142.97146.71150.4513.5013.8414.8016.799.8127.90131.50135.16139.28143.44147.20150.9513.5313.8714.8416.859.9128.30131.89135.57139.74143.91147.69151.4713.5613.9014.8816.9010.0128.70132.30136.00140.20144.40148.20152.0013.5913.9314.9216.9610.1129.10132.73136.44140.67144.90148.72152.5613.6213.9714.9617.0110.2129.49133.16136.90141.14145.41149.25153.1213.6514.0015.0017.07

新生儿生长发育标准

根据世界卫生组织（WHO）和美国儿科学会（AAP）的数据，新生儿的生长发育标准如下：

1. 出生体重：平均为3.5公斤，范围为2.5-4.5公斤；低于2.5公斤为低出生体重儿，大于4.5公斤为大出生体重儿。

2. 身长：平均为50厘米，范围为45-55厘米。

3. 头围：平均为35厘米，范围为32-38厘米。

4. 胸围和腹围：平均为33厘米，范围为30-36厘米。

5. 生长曲线：根据年龄和性别绘制的生长曲线，帮助判断新生儿是否在正常范围内发育。新生儿出生后会有一个低谷期，通常在出生后1-2周内开始出现，此后逐渐恢复到正常范围。

除此以外，新生儿的发育还包括心肺功能、消化系统、神经系统、听力和视力等方面的发育，医生会通过检查和测试来判断新生儿的发育是否正常。

- 1 - 婴儿每个月生长发育标准表

月龄t体重t身长t头围

出生t2.5-4.5公斤t46-56厘米t32-38厘米

1个月t4-6公斤t52-60厘米t34-39厘米

2个月t5-7公斤t56-64厘米t36-41厘米

3个月t6-8公斤t60-68厘米t38-43厘米

4个月t6.5-8.5公斤t62-70厘米t39-44厘米

5个月t7-9公斤t64-72厘米t40-45厘米

6个月t7.5-9.5公斤t66-74厘米t41-46厘米

7个月t8-10公斤t68-76厘米t42-47厘米

8个月t8.5-10.5公斤t70-78厘米t43-48厘米

9个月t9-11公斤t72-80厘米t44-49厘米

10个月t9.5-11.5公斤t74-82厘米t45-50厘米

11个月t10-12公斤t76-84厘米t46-51厘米

12个月t10.5-12.5公斤t78-86厘米t47-52厘米。