阅读理解专题三“字斟句酌”---驾驭推理判断类题目
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部编初三初中语文阅读理解分析的答题技巧一、体味词语含义与作用:1.联系上下文体味词语指代的内容。
2.联系上下文体味词语概括的内容。
3.体味词语的表达效果,揣摩词语的情味和色彩等附加意义。
4.替换法: 用同义词替换某个词语,将形成的新句子与原句进行比较对照,通过比较,体会适当与否,分析原因,从而理解词语的意思.二、品析句子的含义与作用:1.从在内容上的作用来理解2.从在结构上的作用来理解3.从艺术效果的角度来理解4.三不要:a不要拔高理解 b不要单一地理解 c不要孤立地理解三、语段析读:1.明确语段的表达方式2.抓住语段的关键语句3.分析语段的结构方式鉴赏:1.鉴赏语段的表达作用2.鉴赏语段的内容组合3.鉴赏语段的描写笔法4.鉴赏语段的行文布局5.鉴赏语段的佳句,警句6.鉴赏语段中的人物形象7.鉴赏语段或平实或生动的语言四、语文解题方法归类,阅读的题目套用这些,比较快.一、表达方式:记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论二、表现手法:象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托(正衬、反衬)三、修辞手法:比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、互文、对比、借代、反语四、记叙文六要素:时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果五、记叙顺序:顺叙、倒叙、插叙六、描写角度:正面描写、侧面描写七、描写人物的方法:语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌八、描写景物的角度:视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉九、描写景物的方法:动静结合(以动写静)、概括与具体相结合、由远到近(或由近到远)十、描写(或抒情)方式:正面(又叫直接)、反面(又叫间接)十一、叙述方式:概括叙述、细节描写十二、说明顺序:时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序十三、说明方法:举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用十四、小说情节四部分:开端、发展、高潮、结局十五、小说三要素:人物形象、故事情节、具体环境十六、环境描写分为:自然环境、社会环境十七、议论文三要素:论点、论据、论证十八、论据分类为:事实论据、道理论据十九、论证方法:举例(或事实)论证、道理论证(有时也叫引用论证)、对比(或正反对比)论证、比喻论证二十、论证方式:立论、驳论(可反驳论点、论据、论证)二十一、议论文的文章的结构:总分总、总分、分总;分的部分常常有并列式、递进式。
专题三“字斟句酌”——“驾驭”推理判断类题目Ⅰ.体验高考Passage 1体裁:记叙文话题:生活经历时间:7分钟(2014·广东卷,C)Like many new graduates,I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do.My degree,with honors,in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow,but I had no idea how to do that.That's when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers.I knew it would be a lot of hard work,and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time.In short,I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.Eventually,however,I won the support of my family,and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application.After countless interviews and presentations,I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.Several months later,I finally received a call asking me to report for duty.I would be going to a small village near Abuja,Nigeria.Where?What?Nigeria?I had no idea.But I was about to find out.After completing my training,I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation.Though the local villagers were poor,they offered their homes,hearts,and food as if I were their own family.I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.For the next year or so,I taught in that same schoolhouse.But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.Sometime during that period,I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did,though I did not get anywhere with the local language,and I returned to the United States a different man.The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.【语篇导读】本文作者叙述的是自己申请叫做灯塔计划的志愿者工作的过程和被选作志愿者后去阿布加附近的一个小村庄工作的经历,这段经历让作者学到了许多,改变了人生。
(英语)高考英语易错题专题三阅读理解(含解析)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1.阅读理解Festivals in Wales this springThere's lots to see, do and experience in Wales this spring. And now it's time to embrace all things new and get ready to be entertained in the spring, come rain or shine.Wrexham, 10-12 MayThe annual festival showcases over 200 acts consisting of music, comedy, film and more. Since its opening event in 2011, Focus Wales has done a lot for emerging(新兴的)musicians across the country, and 2018 sees Welsh Music Prize winner The Gentle Good and Y Selar Best Band winners. Candelas, take the stage.Aberystwyth, 19-29 MayWhether you prefer Hill Climbs or Sportives, the AberCycle Festival allows you to take all of it in from the saddle(鞍)of a bike, enjoying the world's most beautiful scenery. However, all work and no play makes us all dull boys and girls, so while you're in town be sure to pop in to one or two of the plenty of pubs in Aber(as the locals call it)for a nice, cold pint of Brains beer. You'll need it after all that cycling!Hay on Wye, 25-28 MayThe world's biggest music and philosophy festival returns in 2018 with its unique mix of tunes, talks and trapeze(吊杠)(yes, there are even circus performers!)Based in the magical surroundings of Hay on Wye, this four day festival takes place at the end of May and is perfect for everyone who likes a side of intellectualism(理智主义)with their traditional festival experience.Lawrenny, 25-28 MayIn late May in the heart of the Pembrokeshire National Park, the Big Retreat Wales takes place. Essentially the festival is about wellness, but it's also so much more than that. Join in this May for four days of “fed good”, leaving your usual routine behind and diving into a delightful mix of workshops, activities, music and sustainable food produce.(1)The festivals in Wales are held annually .A. in early MayB. inside and outside of WalesC. in rainy or sunny weatherD. for locals only(2)What is special about Aberystwyth, 19-29 May?A. You can find a place to relax after the activity.B. You can meet your favorite band winners.C. It has an atmosphere of natural beauty and tradition.D. It doesn't last long enough.(3)Jane is an office worker and fitness enthusiast and wants to experience something unusual. Which festival do you suggest she go to?A. Wrexham, 10-12 MayB. Aberystwyth, 19-29 MayC. Hay on Wye, 25-28 MayD. Lawrenny, 25-28 May【答案】(1)C(2)A(3)D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了了今年春天的威尔士节日时能看到的,做的和体验至的项目。
2020-2021年人教版中考英语完形填空和阅读理解专题复习练习(含解析)(word)一、完形填空1.阅读下面短文,掌握大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
How to take notesNote-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your lessons. It can make you confident (自信的) 1 you are studying. But unluckily, most 2 don't know how to take notes.Write down key facts. If your teacher writes 3 on the blackboard, that's great. You can copy them or write down the most 4 facts of all in class. Different teachers do things 5 . For example, some teachers may 6 lots of dates and facts in class, 7 they only write the important ones on the blackboard. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may 8 something important again and again.Ask. Don't be afraid to ask your teacher to 9 what you miss. If your teacher speaks too fast and you can't 10 what he is saying, you can ask him 11 class.Cornpare (比较) .Comparing your notes with your 12 can be good for your learning.It can also help you and your classmates correct (纠正) some 13 .Organize. Note-taking also needs organization. Keep notes for each subject in one notebook so that you can find everything 14 when a test comes.Good note-taking takes time. If you decide to recopy (重写) your notes every evening, you'll surely have less time to watch TV. But you'll 15 time in the coming test1. A. until B. before C. when D. although2. A. teachers B. students C. workers D. parents3. A. notes B. words C. lessons D. differences4. A. common B. boring C. important D. interesting5. A. happily B. differently C. quietly D. quickly6. A. take out B. take care of C. pay attention to D. look for7. A. though B. but C. because D. unless8. A. find B. say C. read D. write9. A. laugh B. repeat C. have D. add10. A. follow B. change C. review D. read11. A. after B. when C. because D. before12. A. classmates'B. teachers' C. parents' D. girls'13. A. examples B. questions C. mistakes D. answers14. A. easily B. quietly C. early D. slowly15. A. pay B. spend C. save D. waste【答案】(1)C;(2)B;(3)A;(4)C;(5)B;(6)C;(7)B;(8)B;(9)B;(10)A;(11)A;(12)A;(13)C;(14)A;(15)C;【解析】【分析】主要讲了做笔记的好处及怎样做笔记。
2018年山东省威海市中考语文试题(解析版)威海市2018年初中学业考试语文一、积累与运用1. 下列加点字字音、字形全都正确的一项是( )。
A. 卷帙.(zhì)取缔.(dì)聒.(guā)噪剑拔弩.(nǔ)张B. 撷.(xié)取发窘.( jiǒng)羁绊.(bàn)脍.(kuài)炙人口C. 剽.(piāo)悍蓑.(suō)衣沉缅.(miǎn)合辙.(zhé)押韵D. 嗔.(chēn)视蓬篙.(hāo)凛冽.(liè)引颈受戮.(lù)【答案】B【解析】试题分析:考查字音、字形的识记。
A.聒(guā)噪-(guō); B.正确; C.沉缅-沉湎; D.蓬篙-蓬蒿。
据此,答案为B。
2. 根据提示,用古诗文填空。
①__________________,天光云影共徘徊。
(朱熹《观书有感》)②荷笠带斜阳,______________。
(刘长卿《送灵澈上人》)③自古逢秋悲寂寥,___________________。
(刘禹锡《秋词》)④天街小雨润如酥,____________________。
(韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外》)⑤不应有恨,________________?(苏轼《水调歌头》)⑥______________,必先苦其心志(孟子《生于忧患,死于安乐》)⑦树树皆秋色,____________。
(王绩《野望》)⑧_________________,月涌大江流。
(杜甫《旅夜书怀》)【答案】 (1). ①半亩方塘一鉴开 (2). ②青山独归远 (3). ③我言秋日胜春朝 (4). ④草色遥看近却无 (5). ⑤何事长向别时圆 (6). ⑥故天将降大任于是人也 (7). ⑦山山唯落晖(8). ⑧星垂平野阔【解析】试题分析:考查对名句名篇的背诵和默写。
这类试题属于基础题,也是语文中考必考题。
默写题不论分几种类型,都是以识记、积累为根本的。
语言文字运用之新题型语言文字部分常考常新,小编就近几年来出现的新题型进行归类整理,以便考生查缺补漏。
新题型类别:1.标点符号;2.对联(该部分搜集历年真题题型进行类别整理,使得精准性更强。
)一、【2019年高考新课标Ⅱ卷】阅读下面的文字,完成问题。
中国画是融中国哲学思想、美学精神、绘画理念于一体的民族艺术。
20世纪以来,新的文化思潮和艺术观念不断对中国化领域产生冲击,画家们既要突破传统观念推陈出新,又要继承传统发扬光大中国文化精神,(),也造就了当今画坛的各种风格。
作为中华文化的传统瑰宝,中国画的笔墨纸砚等工具材料和表现方式有着其他画种无法比拟的特殊性。
为历代画家崇尚与传承,其伟大而完整的绘画体系,成就了一代代宗师。
然而,也正是这千百来逐渐趋于完美的绘画准则,让一些画家“长跪不起”,不敢轻易逾越雷池,仍在使用今日的笔墨纸张道说古人程式化的话语。
事实上,单凭笔墨功力,是无法成就作品艺术灵魂的,画家能否凭借自己的生活积累和艺术感受,让传统文化内涵及现代人文精神在画面上得到充分体现,是新时代美术创作并行不悖的艺术法则。
新时代的中国画创作者,应该以笔墨激扬时代精神,让中国画在多元共融的艺术格局中保持鲜活的生命力。
18.对下列各句中的引号和文中“长跪不起”的引号,作用相同的一项是(3分)A.我站在山脚抬头望去,只见无数火把排成许多“之”字形,一直向山顶延伸着。
B.父亲的话让我意识到,要打破我们父子之间这层令人悲哀的“厚壁障”太难了。
C.著名画家徐悲鸿笔下的马,正如有的评论家所说的那样,“形神兼备,充满生机”D.他们的做法彻底撕掉了自己“文明”的面具,真相赤裸裸地展现在大家面前。
【答案】B【解析】本题考查正确使用标点符号的能力。
标点符号是辅助文字记录语言的符号,是书面语的有机组成部分,用来表示停顿、语气以及词语的性质和作用。
要分析句子中分句之间的关系,根据标点符号各自的作用,判断标点符号的正误,尤其注意易错易混的标点符号。
高三英语阅读理解专题三------议论文1 文体特点:写法一:正方(甲方),反方(乙方),我认为……写法二:提出问题,分析问题,解决问题写法三:论点,理由(证据),重申论点。
这是高考中常考的体裁,内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。
在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。
此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多,这也是得分比较难的题型。
在阅读这类文章的时候,我们要认真把握作者的态度,领悟弦外之音,从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。
解题方法:1.把握文章的论点、论据和论证。
此外,还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法:在议论之后,总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点;或在一些例子之后,总要抒发一些议论。
考生在理解议论时,可以借助文中所给的实例,从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论;或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义,相互推断。
3. 推理法:推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思,但没有明确表达的。
推理要根据文章的字面意思,通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系,各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义,作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。
考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义,要能透过现象看本质。
主旨大意题解题方法:一、题型解读和思维导向:主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一,主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以概括文章或段落大意以和选择标题等形式出现。
主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题,能够拉开考生的分数差距,所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用,属于能力型题目。
主旨大意题一般分为三类,即标题归纳类、文章大意类和段落大意类。
二、命题区间和读文关注点1.文首、段首、段尾句:一般来说,阅读文章中第一段首句往往是强开弱收型文章中心思想的表达处;第二段首句或第一段尾句往往是转开弱收型文章的主题句所在;而有时每段的段首句、段尾句是该段的段落主题句。
因此,解答主旨大意题时要对这些地方多加关注。
部编初三语文阅读答题技巧及套路1.语段阅读题答题总原则:(1)先读题后读文。
读题时注意从题干中找出“题眼”(即答题关键点),带着问题读文,使阅读具有明确的目标。
(2)读文时,要注意整体把握文章的主要内容和中心意思。
(3)准备答题时,必须再次细读题目,找准“题眼”。
(4)答题时,具体题目涉及到相关段落,要对这些段落反复研读;如涉及全篇,则要再读全文。
2.文章体裁:诗歌、小说、散文、剧本、说明文3.分段的方法:(1)以写事为主的文章:①.按事情发生发展的先后时间分析;②.按事情发生发展的地点转换分析;③.按事情发展的阶段分析。
(找各个事件:起因、经过、结果)(4)总分总(掐头去尾)(2)以写人为主的文章:①按人物成长的阶段分析;②按人物所在的不同地点分析;③按表现人物不同性格特征的不同条件分析;④按人物感情的变化分析。
4.记叙的顺序及作用:(1)顺叙(按事情发展先后顺序)作用:叙事有头有尾,条理清晰,读起来脉络清楚、印象深刻。
(2)倒叙(先写结果,再交待前面发生的事。
)作用:造成悬念、吸引读者,避免叙述的平板单调,增强文章的生动性。
(3)插叙(叙事时中断线索,插入相关的另一件事。
)作用:对情节起补充、衬托作用,丰富形象,突出中心。
5.修辞方法及作用比喻语言生动、形象。
拟人使具体事物人格化,语言生动形象,亲切有趣。
夸张突出事物特征,引起联想。
反问加强语气排比增强语气,充分抒情。
设问提醒人们思考,突出某些内容。
答题模式比喻:把()比作()+生动形象地写出了+对象+特性拟人:把()当作人来写+语言生动形象,亲切、有趣夸张:突出了+对象+特征+引起丰富想象反问:强调了+对象+特性(加强了……的语气)排比:强调了+对象+特性(增加了气势,加强了语气)设问:引起读者对+对象+特性的注意6.句子在结构上的作用分析:(中心句、过渡句)1.(中心句)在文首,作用多是统领全文、或引出下文;2.(过渡句)在文中,作用多是承上启下;3.(中心句)在文末,作用多是总结全文。
部编初三语文初中生阅读题解题技巧1、文章开头一段的某一句话在文章中的作用,中间某段或句的作用,最后一段某句的作用。
对于这种题型我们可以从两个方面来回答:对于第一段的问题,从结构上来说,是落笔点题,点明文章的中心,开门见山,总领全文,或起到引起下文的作用;从内容上来说,是为下文作铺垫和衬托,为后面某某内容的描写打下伏笔。
中间某段的问题,在结构上是起到承上启下、过渡的作用。
最后一段或某句的作用是总结全文,点明文章主旨,让人回味无穷,并与题目相照应。
2、文章表达了作者什么样的思想感情?这需要根据文章的具体内容来回答,常见的有歌颂、赞美、热爱、喜爱、感动、高兴、渴望、震撼、眷念、惆怅、淡淡的忧愁、惋惜、思念(怀念)故乡和亲人、或者是厌倦、憎恶、痛苦、惭愧、内疚、痛恨、伤心、悲痛、遗憾等。
一般作者的情感可以从文章的字里行间可以看出来的,有的也许写得比较含蓄,有的是直抒胸臆。
3、概括文章主旨。
对于这种题目,在回答之前一定要把全文仔细看几遍,然后可以用这样的关键词来进行回答:“通过…… 故事,歌颂(赞美)了……表达了作者……的思想感情,揭示了……的深刻道理。
我们也可以从文中去找,在文章的每一段特别是第一段或最后一段的第一句或最后一句,文章中富有哲理性的句子往往是作者所要表达的主题。
4、文中划线句子运用了什么表达方式?有什么作用?看到这种类型的题目,我们首先要看一看这一句用了那种表达方式,叙述、描写、说明、议论、抒情,特别是描写中又分为人物描写、景物描写和带综合性的场面描写。
而人物描写还可细分为语言描写、动作描写、心理描写、肖像描写和细节描写,描写的作用是使文章生动、形象、感人。
抒情的运用,能增强文章的感染力,突出文章的中心。
如果文中有一些神话故事、民间传说以及自然界当中的神奇景象的描述,它的作用是增加了所写内容的神秘色彩,引起读者的兴趣。
5、文中某句运用了什么修辞手法?有什么作用?修辞有很多,常用的有8种,比喻、比拟、夸张、排比、对偶、反复、设问、反问。
中考语文文言文阅读专题训练试题类型及其解题技巧含解析一、中考语文文言文阅读1.阅读下面文言文,完成小题。
橄榄时珍曰:橄榄名义未详。
此果虽熟,其色亦青,故俗呼青果。
其有色黄者不堪,病物也。
王祯云:其味苦涩,久之方回甘味。
王元之作诗,比之忠言逆耳,世乱乃思之,故人名为谏果。
时珍曰:《名医录》云,吴江王顺福家人,食鳜鱼被棘,横在胸中,不上不下,痛声动邻里,半月余几死。
忽遇渔人张九,令取橄榄为食。
时无此果,以核研米,急流水调服,骨遂下而愈。
今人煮河豚、团鱼,皆用橄榄,乃知橄榄能治一切鱼、鳖之毒也。
(节选自李时珍《本草纲目·果部》)(1)用“/”为文中画线句划分朗读节奏。
(划两处)故人名为谏果。
(2)用自己的话说说橄榄为什么又叫做“青果”。
(3)文中引用《名医录》里的事例,是为了说明什么?【答案】(1)故/人/名为谏果。
(2)橄榄即使熟了,颜色仍然是青色的,所以又叫青果。
(3)橄榄能之一切鱼、鳖之毒。
【解析】【分析】(1)根据句意划分朗读节奏。
这句话的大意是:所以,人们给它命名叫青果。
故可知其停顿为:故/人/名为谏果。
(2)在初步理解文意的基础上从文中找出橄榄叫做“青果”原因的句子并翻译成现代语言即可。
这句话是:此果虽熟,其色亦青,故俗呼青果。
翻译成现代汉语就是:橄榄即使熟了,颜色仍然是青色的,所以又叫青果。
(3)结合此段的关键句和引用的内容分析,文中引用的是渔人张九用橄榄治愈鳜鱼被棘的事例,该事例说明了橄榄的作用:橄榄能治一切鱼、鳖之毒。
故答案为:⑴故/人/名为谏果。
⑵橄榄即使熟了,颜色仍然是青色的,所以又叫青果。
⑶橄榄能之一切鱼、鳖之毒。
【点评】⑴此题考查文言句子的停顿。
在文言文中句子的停顿大概有句首发语词、关联词语后面要有停顿;根据语言顺序来处理停顿,即主谓之间应停顿,动宾之间应停顿;利用对文意的理解来确定停顿等几种常用的技巧。
⑵此题考查理解文章内容的能力。
在初步理解文意的基础上从文中筛选出有关的句子并翻译成现代语言即可。
2013高考英语二轮复习专项—阅读理解专题三推理判断题《考试大纲》指出,阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息,即理解作者所要传达的信息。
在实际的阅读活动中,有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索,进行逻辑推理,推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。
推理判断题是继主旨大意题之后的又一类难题,在2012年高考各套试卷中大概有2----9题。
在做阅读理解题时,推理判断涉及的范围很广,主要包括细节推断、预测推断、对文章来源或读者对象的推断、写作意图推断以及态度倾向推断和评述性推断等。
一、细节推断细节推断要求考生根据语篇内容,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。
一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。
题干主要包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定,设想)。
主要设题形式:It can be inferred from the passage/text that____________.The author strongly suggests that______________.It can be concluded from the passage that______________.The paragraph following the passage will most probably be_______________.The writer implies but not directly states that_______________.The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that______________.Which of the following statements does the passage support?The writer talked about…because he thought_________________.What does the author imply about newspapers?【考例透析】(2012·天津卷·B)[1]Barditch High School decided t0 have an All-School Reunion.Over 450 people came to the event.There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days. Ms. MabelYates, the English teacher for over fifty years, was wheeled to the Park.[2]Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔声)when Ms. Yates was about to speak, Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.[ 3 ] Then Ms. Yates started to speak:[4] I can’t tell you how pleased 1 am to be here. I haven't seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven't appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the births of your children, in my imagination. "[ 5 ] Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued:[ 6 ] "It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen path. "[7 ] "There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know. I love you all from the bottom of my heart. "[ 8 ] There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.42. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates' speech.B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates' ways of teaching.C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.44. What was Ms. Yates' belief in teaching teenagers?A. Teachers' knowledge is the key to students' achievements.B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.C. Hard-pushed students are more likely to succeed.D. Students' respect is the best reward for teachers.45. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?A. Reliable and devoted.B. Tough and generous.C. Proud but patient.D. Strict but caring.【解析】42.B。
专题三语言表达简明、连贯、得体、准确、鲜明、生动1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)阅读下面的文字,完成后面的题。
戏曲既需传承也需创新,这是业内的基本共识。
然而,近年由于一些创新尝试未收到理想效果,有人就将创新和继承对立起,认为戏曲不必创新。
尤其是昆曲等戏曲艺术进入世界非物质文化遗产名录之后,创新在某些人那里几乎成了贬义词。
( )。
随着时代的发展变化,戏曲艺术不断被赋予新的内涵。
如果一直固守原有形态,只强调复制和模仿,戏曲恐怕早在数百年前就寿终正寝了。
突破前人、大胆创新,这是各个时代取得伟大成就的艺术家的共性。
诚如某戏剧评论家所言,没有一位名垂青史的京剧名伶是靠模仿或重复而成就自己的。
京剧大师梅兰芳,以坚定的信念和博大的胸怀为京剧改革作出巨大贡献。
他眼界开阔,博采众长,除唱腔、表演技巧之外,还从化妆、灯光、服装、舞蹈、剧目创作等多个方面进行了大量的探索,可谓“剧剧有创新,剧剧有新腔”。
尚小云、荀慧生、于连泉等人,也是因为具有超越前人的理想和切实的努力,不满足于停留在雷池之内照猫画虎,才能够在强大的保守情绪的笼罩下突破藩篱,从而成为新流派的创始人。
当然,戏曲的创新必须以传承为基础,是传承中的创新,而不是令人眼花缭乱甚至任性妄为的创新,这样才能探索出一条能够被大多数观众接受的创新之路。
下列在文中括号内补写的语句,最恰当的一项是(3分)( )A.当代戏曲的发展,被创新精神的缺失所制约B.当代戏曲的发展,因创新精神的缺失而被制约C.创新精神的缺失,制约了当代戏曲的发展D.创新精神的缺失,对当代戏曲发展起了制约作用答案 C解析本题考查语言表达简明、连贯、得体的能力。
根据前后文的阐述及逻辑可知,这段文字谈创新对于戏曲发展的重要性。
A、B两项,表述主语是“当代戏曲的发展”,偏离“创新”主题;且A项,“被……”和“为……所”句式杂糅;B项,阐述戏曲发展和创新之间的关系时,强加因果,故排除A、B两项。
D项,“创新精神的缺失,对……起了制约作用”。
北京公务员考试行测答题技巧:掌握“三词” 完胜判断阅读(一)北京人事考试网:行测答题技巧:在公务员考试中,考查各位考生言语理解表达能力的题目主要集中在片段阅读,而且这种类型的题目占的分值比较大。
考生在答题时面对选项无从下手,往往在正确答案和迷惑性选项之间徘徊,而最后常常与正确答案失之交臂。
分析了历年的各类片段阅读考题,总结出如下解题技巧。
一、快速定位主题词所谓片段阅读中的主题词,就是在这则材料中反复出现的高频词汇,材料都是围绕这个主题词展开论述的,主题词可能是一个,或是两个,甚至更多。
当我们判断出材料中的主题词的时候,然后区分题目选项之间的差别,往往是含有主题词的选项为正确选项。
例题:法国人谈起中国人心目中的法国文学,总忍不住用一种轻蔑的口吻说:“你们喜欢《茶花女》。
”在法国人眼中,喜欢大仲马还算有些品味,毕竟他有一部《基督山伯爵》,有《三个火枪手》,小仲马有什么呢?只不过写了一个交际花而已。
法国文学是法国人的骄傲,在世界文学中有举足轻重的地位。
仅喜欢《茶花女》,显而易见是对法国文学的不尊重。
《茶花女》在中国成为一种流行,差不多是一百多年前的事情,当时正赶上戊戌变法失败,人心沮丧,改良的路行不通,大家只好将就着胡乱看小说。
“茶花女”在中国本土的诞生,是生逢其时。
这段文字意在说明:A.《茶花女》在中国的流行有一定的社会背景B.对文学作品的喜好能反映出一个人的品味C.评价文学作品要结合其诞生的时代背景D.中国人和法国人的文学审美观存在区别【解析】正确答案是A。
材料围绕着《茶花女》这一文学作品展开,多次提到《茶花女》,所以我们可以把《茶花女》定位为主题词,而提问方式又在问“这段文字意在说明”,表明答案是要能概括材料大意的,而只有A选项内容突出主题词,故选A。
二、准确把握关联词当片段阅读是由多个句子组成时,要特别注意句与句之间的关系。
特别是句子之间所使用的连词,例如:然而、但是、可是、所以、因此……,这些词对于抓住片段文字的主旨意义具有重要作用,如在议论文体中,表转折关系的关联词后面往往是重点,这是我们就要注意,而看到递进关系的关联词,关联词后面的内容往往是重点,并列关系的关联词出现后,关联词前后的内容我们都应着重关注。
六、推理判断——写作意图题(2018·北京,C)Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场),and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it,but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene,which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours,and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams,or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown,the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms’ stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini,co-author of the study,says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture,but the basic bond in polyethylene,the carbon-carbon bond,is there as well,” she explains.“The wax worm evolve d a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn,a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee,who was not involved in the study,says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies,she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step,DeBruyn says,will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.答案 C解析推理判断题。
高考阅读理解专题三、推理判断题推理判断题是阅读理解题中难度较大、出题量也较多的一类题型,通常占总题数的15%-30%。
与其他题型相比,这类题的答案通常不能从原文中直接找到,要经过分析、推理、判断才能获得。
这类题型要求考生能够通过表面的文字叙述“读出”隐藏在字里行间的深层含义,捕捉作者提供的暗示,追踪作者写作时的发展思路,从而悟出作者的言外之意。
重点全解推理判断题的提问形式和解题思路推理判断题常用infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose等词提问。
或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词,如can, could, might, would等和其他表示可能性的副词(短语),如probably, most likely等。
如何做好推理判断题?首先,考生在阅读时,要抓住文章的主题和细节,分析文章结构,根据上下文的内在联系,挖掘文章的深层含义。
在进行推理时,考生一定要仔细阅读短文,千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法主观臆断。
其次,对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析,进一步增强理解能力,抓住材料实质性的内容。
再次,在解答推理性问题时,应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。
针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法,迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后再进行推理判断。
针对主题思想做推断时,其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想,然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系,区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、原因与结果(cause and effect)、主观点与次观点(main ideas and supporting ideas)。
难点一、判断因果关系因果关系类试题尤为命题者所青睐,因为这种命题形式可以考查文中两个事件之间内在的因果关系。
2019⾼考英语黄冈(阅读理解练习02)(解析)2019⾼考英语黄冈(阅读理解练习02)(解析)实战训练【经典导引】(2017安徽E) GeorgeProchnikwouldlikewouldliketheworldtoputasockinit.Hemakeshiscaseinanewbook,listeningforMeaninginaWorldofNoise,Hereheexplainshimself(usinghisindoorvoice):“We’vebecomesoaccustomedtonoise,there’saboutalmostadeepprejudiceagainsttheideathatsilencemightbebeneficial.Ifyoutells omeonetobequiet,yousoundlikeanoldman.Butit’sneverbeenmoreimportanttofindcontinuingquiet.Silencefocusesus,improvesourhealth ,andisakeytolastingpeaceandsatisfaction.”“Weneedtoexcitepeopleaboutthesoundsyoustarttohearifyoumerelyquietthingsdownali ttle.DuringaJapaneseteaceremony,thesmallestsoundsbecomesakindofart—thespoonsmakingalightringingsoundonabowl,theedgesofakimono〔和服〕brushingagainstthefloor.”“Dearpeopleareveryattentive〔专注的〕inalmosteveryaspectoflife.Iftwodeafpeoplearewalingtogether,usingsignlanguage,th eyconstantlywatchoutforeachotherandprotecteachotherbypayingsteadyattentiontotheother.Theyareconnectedyetalsofullyawareoftheirsurroundings.Evendeafteenagers!We inthehearingworldcanlearnfromthem.Ifweremovethepowerfulblasts〔⼀阵阵〕ofnoise,webecomeawareofanextraordinarilyrichworldaroundus—oflittlesoftandthesoundoffootsteps,ofbirdsongsandicecracking〔开裂声〕.It’sastonishinghowbeautifulthingssoundwhenyoucanreallylisten.”72.Whatdoesthephrase“toputasockinit”inParagraph1probablymean?A.tobequietB.tobecolorfulC.tobefullofloveD.tobeattentivetosomeone73.WhatdoesProchniksayaboutus?A.WeareusedtoquietnessB.WehavetoputupwithnoiseC.WedonotthinksilencetobebeneficialD.Wedonotbelievelastingpeacetobeavailable74.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoProehnik?A.WeneedmoresoundsinourlivesB.ThereisnothingtobelearnedfromthedeafC.WearenotawarehowrichtheworldaroundusisD.ThereistoomuchnoiseataJapaneseteaceremony75.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.A.wecanbenefitalotfromoldpeopleB.itisagoodideatousesignlanguageC.thereisnoescapefromtheworldofsoundD.itispossibletofindhowbeautifulthingssound参考答案专题三推理判断1.A2.D3.○1A○2B4.A【经典导引】ACCD***************************************************************结束阅读下⾯的⽂章,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最正确答案。
Ⅰ.体验高考Passage 1体裁:记叙文话题:生活经历时间:7分钟(2014·广东卷,C)Like many new graduates,I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do.My degree,with honors,in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow,but I had no idea how to do that.That's when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers.I knew it would be a lot of hard work,and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time.In short,I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.Eventually,however,I won the support of my family,and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application.After countless interviews and presentations,I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.Several months later,I finally received a call asking me to report for duty.I would be going to a small village near Abuja,Nigeria.Where?What?Nigeria?I had no idea.But I was about to find out.After completing my training,I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation.Though the local villagers were poor,they offered their homes,hearts,and food as if I were their own family.I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.For the next year or so,I taught in that same schoolhouse.But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.Sometime during that period,I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did,though I did not get anywhere with the local language,and I returned to the United States a different man.The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.【语篇导读】本文作者叙述的是自己申请叫做灯塔计划的志愿者工作的过程和被选作志愿者后去阿布加附近的一个小村庄工作的经历,这段经历让作者学到了许多,改变了人生。
1.What do we know about the author?A.His university education focused on theoretical knowledge.B.His dream at university was to become a volunteer.C.He took pride in having contributed to the world.D.He felt honored to study English literature.解析事实细节题。
由第一段第二句“My degree,with honors,in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical”可知,作者的大学教育注重的是理论知识,选A。
答案 A2.According to Paragraph 2,it is most likely that the author ________.A.discussed his decision with his familyB.asked previous volunteers about voluntary workC.attended special training to perform difficult tasksD.felt sad about having to leave his family and friends解析推理判断题。
由第二段最后一句In short,I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family(总之,我并不是轻易决定申请灯塔计划的,我的家人也一样不是轻易决定的)和第三段首句Eventually,however,I won the support of my family(然而,最后我赢得了家人的支持)可以推断出,作者是同家人讨论商量过的。
答案 A3.In his application for the volunteer job,the author ________.A.participated in many discussionsB.went through challenging survival testsC.wrote quite a few papers on voluntary workD.faced strong competition from other candidates解析推理判断题。
由第二段的第二句“After countless interviews and presentations,I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone”可推知,作者面临了与其他候选人的激烈竞争。
故选D。
答案 D4.On arrival at the village,the author was ________.A.asked to lead a farming teamB.sent to teach in a schoolhouseC.received warmly by local villagersD.arranged to live in a separate house解析事实细节题。
由第四段Though the local villagers were poor,they offered their homes,hearts,and food as if I were their own family可知,一到达那个村庄时,他受到村民的热情接待,故选C。
文中信息具体,正确选项是对其概括。
答案 C5.What can we infer from the author's experiences in Nigeria?A.He found some difficulty adapting to the local culture.B.He had learned to communicate in the local language.C.He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.D.He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.解析推理判断题。
由最后一段第一句all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did(他当初觉得奇怪或不寻常的所有事现在都不再觉得奇怪了)可推断,已适应了,但当初不适应时要适应这些,是有困难的,故选A。
答案 APassage 2体裁:说明文话题:经历感受时间:7分钟(2014·湖北卷)You've flown halfway around the world;you've sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of;so what on earth is there to do here?You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee.By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out,it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin,about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok,down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand.Not many tourists find this place,and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.There's an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.It's what this place offers,and it's free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest.You sit there and watch the sea.It's early afternoon,so the cook comes out and asks what you'd like to eat this evening.Before long he's rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered-every meal fresh and to order.No menu here.There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm,clear blue sea.There's no street noise.The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.For now you just count your blessings (福祉),listing them in the sand with your toe (脚趾).You don't have to worry about being late for work.You don't have to do anything.The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon (地平线),slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left,now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you.Sand to your left and sand to your right;it's unbroken,endless.No start,no end,just sand,sun,and peace.Step off it,and you re-enter the world of traffic,stress,work,and hurry.Normally you're the type who can't sit still for more than ten minutes,but you're on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and,in the right frame of mind,it stretches all the way around the world.“How could it take me so long to find it?”you wonder.【语篇导读】文章了描述Huaplee Beach的大体位置、饮食和在这里度过的美好时光。