《学术英语》课程作业——摘要(样本)

英语学术论文摘要英语学术论文摘要怎么写呢? 下面是的关于英语学术论文摘要，欢送阅读。

中英文摘要对应，内容要根本保持一致;中文在前，英文在后。

字数为300-500字左右。

1.中文摘要①首行居中打印论文中文标题(宋体四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印“摘要”二字(宋体小四号加粗)，字间空一字符。

③“摘要”二字下空一行打印摘要内容(宋体小四号)。

④摘要内容后下空一行打印“关键词”三字(宋体小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个，宋体小四号)，各关键词之间用逗号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。

2.英文摘要①首行居中打印论文英文标题(Times New Roman四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印英文单词“Abstract”(Times New Roman 小四号加粗)。

③下空一行打印摘要内容(Times New Roman小四，1.5倍行距，两端对齐)④摘要内容后下空一行打印“Key Words”( Times New Roman 小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个关键词，Times New Roman小四号)。

除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写。

各关键词之间用分号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。

⑤摘要正文各自然段首行空5个字符。

Self-Knowledge of Emma(空1行)Abstract(空1行)Emma lives in a quite simple environment. When she is a little child, her mother dies and she is spoiled by her father. Having such a background, Emma is dominant, aggressive and imaginative. After she experiences the two major affairs in her life----the relationship with Harriet and her emotion towards Mr. Knightley, she realizes her own faults and acquires self-knowledge of both moral faults and emotion.After Emma fails to be a match-maker of Harriet and Mr. Knightley, she es to know that feelings can not be imagined and that she should not force her own idea on others’ mind. And this is the very beginning of Emma’s s elf-knowledge.(空1行)Key Words: Emma; characters; match-making; self-knowledgeA Brief Discussion on Cultural Difference between Chinese and EnglishAbstractWord is the product of society,which is the history of mankind and which is the crystallization of history and culture.It embodied a nation's social consciousness fromgeneration to generation, history, culture, and other areas all the features of human society. The essence of which is dependent because of their different cultural background, language background and traditional factors above. chinese and english are quite different.such as mode ofliving,values,atandard of behavior,formality,customs. Language is is both the carrier and the product of culture, the cultural enrichment of information is an important part of culture, Language reflects the culture of development and changes, but also a direct reflection of the cultural differences.As we all know china and english has different cultural atmosphere .china has a long history and rich culture. English in the contemporary world political, economic, cultural and other fields to play with temporary no other language can replace the role of English in a number of countries in addition to the mother tongue but also as a second language or foreign language in mon use in many countries. As a symbol system, "English" is a kind of language, on their use, in today's world there are all sorts of "English" and "English" is in fact the name of a simple terms, we can not hope that justice Literal It is a single, homogeneous phenomenon it is all around the world and under different circumstances the use of the many variants of the English pool. However, due to geographical, historical, cultural, and social customs of differentfactors such as the impact of today's visit to English furniture has evolved into a wider impact on the two variants of the worldwide English, which is British English and American English. With the development of their own language, their own characteristics of the formation, and there are differences between. In American English and British English, is concerned about the characteristics of the "norms" word. In this paper, the British and American English in origin and development of a simple introduction, the United Kingdom and the United States in terms of language study and to explore differences in the two English-speaking characteristics and differences, the right to express and enrich the relevant knowledge of English, improve application English ability.Key word: dependent; culture; atmosphere中西方文化差异摘要词是社会的的结晶，是人类历史和文化的结晶。

《学术英语》课程作业——摘要学号：5901212164 姓名：帅彪专业班级：材成123班（基于Text 5 Can You Compete with A.I. for the Next Job ?）AbstractWith the development of social and technology, Artificial intelligence may replace human jobs in the future. There are a lot of news that reported Artificial intelligence has play a important role in our life. For decades. People wrote about how machines replace humans. It will be better or ill. But all expected did not come. Around the time of the Revolution. Most of Americans worked in the farm. They farmed to keep themselves alive. With the development of traffic. Farming increasingly became a cash business. But as the agricultural industry grew, there are fewer and fewer workers who worked at farming and ranching. Today agricultural provides fewer than two million jobs. Because of automation happened. It bring better plows, planting and sowing machines. Agricultural become more and more scientific. The farmers’ children found new kinds of jobs in the city, they do not like stay on the farm. The early water-and-steam-powered factories also displace millions of craftsmen, because machine-handing factory workers made the goods better than the goods made by craftsmen. So that the number of factory jobs growing rapidly at that time. The automation of farming, craft work and manufacturing made products. Among them, food become more andmore cheaper, so people can save money from food, then spend money on other expensive goods. Will A.I. machines take over the best occupations? The author is optimist and may not agree that machines will replace human jobs.摘要随着社会和科技的发展，人工智能可能在未来取代人类工作。

学术英文摘要范文Title: Exploring the Role of Social Media in Shaping Public Perceptions of Climate Change Abstract:This study delves into the intricate relationship between social media platforms and the formation of public perceptions surrounding climate change. Amidst the escalating urgency of addressing global climate challenges, understanding how information disseminates and is interpreted on social media has become paramount. The research aims to identify key factors that influence how individuals perceive climate change through their engagement with social media content, as well as to assess the potential impact of these perceptions on individual behaviors and societal responses.Background and Motivation:Climate change, a pressing global issue, necessitates a profound transformation in societal attitudes, behaviors, and policies. Social media, with its unparalleled reach and influence, has emerged as a significant force in shaping public discourse and opinions on this matter. However, the complexity of information circulation on these platforms, coupled with the prevalence of misinformation and disinformation, poses challenges to effective communication and understanding of climate change.Research Objectives:To analyze the content of social media posts related to climate change, focusing on the prevalence of different narratives and perspectives.To investigate the factors that influence the formation of public perceptions of climate change through social media engagement, including information sources, credibility perceptions, and emotional responses.To assess the potential impact of these perceptions on individual behaviors related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as on broader societal responses.Methodology:This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative content analysis of social media posts with qualitative interviews of social media users. A random sample of social media posts related to climate change from major platforms (e.g., Twitter, Facebook) will be analyzed to identify common themes and narratives. Subsequently, a subset of users will be interviewed to gain deeper insights into their perceptions of climate change, their social media usage habits, and the influence of social media on their attitudes and behaviors.Expected Results:The study anticipates revealing patterns in the dissemination of climate change information on social media, as well as identifying key factors that shape public perceptions. It is expected that the findings will shed light on the role of social media in amplifying or mitigating the effects of misinformation and disinformation, and will offer insights into how to more effectively communicate about climate change to engage and mobilize the public.Implications and Contributions:The research has the potential to make significant contributions to the fields of environmental communication, social media studies, and climate change policy. By uncovering the mechanisms that drive public perceptions of climate change on social media, it can inform the development of more effective communication strategies and interventions aimed at fostering greater public awareness, engagement, and action on climate change.Keywords: Climate change, social media, public perceptions, information dissemination, communication strategies.。

Text1 How do computer hackers “get inside”a computerAbstract：Computer vulnerabilities are often utilized by hackers or crackers. The security of each computer is challenging. This paper firstly redefines the term “hacker”, “cracker” and “getting inside” the computers and describes the procedure in detail. The term “unauthorized user” (UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group. The known and unknown vulnerabilities will be taken advantage of by UUs ranging from poor password protection to leaving a computer turned on and physically accessible to visitors in the office. The first step of employing technical exploits will be the determination of the specifications of the target system. There are two ways of attacking including being through capabilities inherent in hypertext transfer protocol (http) and being preprogrammed against specific vulnerabilities and launched without any specific target. The variability of hacking action including the weak system and the strong system warns the users to choose the right way to protect the computer and do not authorize the computer to others easily. Lastly, the solution of avoiding vulnerabilities has been given, including updating patches, making complex passwords, getting information only from the reliable websites or services, updatinganti-virus software and backing up the data to protect the computer not being hacked.摘要：计算机漏洞经常被黑客破解使用。

English Academic Writingand Speech PresentationIn accordance with tradition, academic papers can be divided into research papers and reports. Research papers can be further divided into argument, refutation, review, verification, and explanatory papers. Of the above four types of academic papers, descriptive papers are most widely used in natural sciences but are also common in social sciences and thus are the most typical academic paper type.Structure of an academic paper: Papers can be divided into:1.Library Research Papers2.Experimental Research Papers, or3.Case StudiesLibrary Research Papers consist of:1. A Title Page2.An Outline3.An Abstract4.Key Words5.The Main Body,6.Appendix and7.ReferencesExperimental Research Papers are made up of:1. A Title2.An Abstract3.Key Words4.An Introduction,5.Methods and Materials Utilized6.Analysis of Results,7.Discussion8.Conclusions, and9.ReferencesThe Components of a Case Study are:1.The Title2.An Abstract3.Key Words4.An Introduction,5.Reports,6.Discussion7.Conclusions, and8.ReferencesCharacteristics of Academic Writing and SpeakingEnglish for science and technology (EST) differs from day today English. EST refers to the style used in scientific ortechnological activities; their features are:∙Objectivity= (n) something one’s efforts or actions are intended to attain or accomplish.A purpose, goal or target. (adj) not influenced by personalfeelings, interpretations or prejudice, based on facts, unbiased.Dealing with things external to the mind rather than thoughts orfeelings. Of or pertaining to something that can be known.∙Clarity = Clearness, as to perception or understanding. Freedom from indistinctness or ambiguity.∙Coherence = Overall sense or understandability. Logical interconnection.∙Accuracy = Condition or quality of being true and exact and precise. Freedom from errorAcademic Language and writing’s plainness and precision distinguish it from other discourse types as reflected in the following two respects:I THE LEXICAL LEVEL1.Terminology --- Technical terms abound in EST, for example,“fungus” and “atom”. (I think you should findmore esoteric[understood by or meant for only the select fewwho have special knowledge or interest] examples, these aretoo common.2.Nominalization --- Abstract nouns are frequently used forclarity, for example “ammonia” is substituted with“refrigeration”3.Abbreviation --- Short forms and abbreviations are oftenfound in EST for economy and brevity, e.g. “radar” and “AIDS”e of single verbs --- Single verbs are used instead ofverbal phrases for formality and precision, e.g. “investigate”for “look into”, “eliminate” for “get rid of”.II THE SYNTACTICAL LEVEL1.Long complex sentences are used for accuracy to explaincomplicated ideas clearly and precisely.2.Simple present tense describes natural phenomena,processes and rules and makes explanation vivid and“timeless”.3.Passive voice is frequently used to convince the reader of theobjectivity of the description, e.g.: “Using a simplifi ed input-output framework, the aggregate economic output in the non-energy sector can be formulated as the sum of value addedin the non-energy sector.4.Non-finite verbs, participles, infinitives and gerunds arefrequently used in EST, e.g. “Traveling at th e speed of light, ittakes two million years to reach the nearest galaxy. ACADEMIC LANGUAGE STYLEAcademic writing and speaking usually follow a particular style: here are some commonly observed features:∙Tentative∙Formal∙Objective∙Concise∙Varied∙Tentativeness avoids over-generalization such as “always” and “every” and “as everyone knows” and replaces them words like “often” and “many/much” or “it is widely known”Use linguistic “hedges” (e.g. probably, seems, might be) to qualify generalization.Use tentative words or phrases such as “tends to”, “indicates that”, “suggests that”, “the majority of”, “there is a tendency for”, “it would seem that”. Limit your claims and always be realistic.Formality avoids slang, idioms, and too-casual language, e.g. “cool” or “pretty awful”.Formality avoids Question Titles and it uses full forms of words rather than abbreviations, e.g. does not, should have, rather than “doesn’t, should’ve. It avoids phrasal verbs e.g. “look into”, preferring single polysyllabic verbs e.g. “investigate”. It uses powerful reporting words: “support, claim, suggest recommend, and contradict”It avoids informal punctuation such as contractions and dashes; colons and semicolons feature commonly in academic style. Formal styles uses complex rather than simple sentences, and long rather than short paragraphs using logical connectors as sentence extendersOBJECTIVITY uses referencing to indicate sources. It uses impersonal expressions and the passive voice, e.g. it can be concluded that . . . it has been claimed that . . .. It uses third person pronouns and avoids the first person “I, we” or second person “you”CONCISENESS: Academic language is precise and specific. Use the most straightforward term and reduce unnecessary words. Avoid cliché’s redundant words or colloquialisms. Use the specific。

英语专业学术论⽂写作：摘要学术论⽂写作：摘要⼀、摘要的写作⽬的和结构要素摘要简要地概述论⽂的内容, 拥有与正⽂同等量的主要信息，即不阅读全⽂，就能获得必要的信息。

其结构要素是：(1) 主题阐述（Topic specification）；(2) 研究⽬的陈述（Purpose statement）；(3) 理论指导（Theory/Perspective）(3) 研究⽅法(Methodology and Data)；(4) 研究结果/发现（Results/Findings）；(5) 研究结论/启⽰（Conclusions/Implications）。

练习1：就结构要素评析下⾯4个摘要（为判断⽅便，列汉语标题）Sample 11. Introduction2. Translation Activity in New Century2.1Definition and Purpose of Translation Activity2.2 Translation Activity under the Background of Cross-culture Communication2.2.1The Trend of Cross-culture Communication2.2.2 New Requirements for Translation Activity3. The Trend of Cross-culture Communication3.1 Definitions of Cultural Symbols3.2 The Formation of Characteristic Cultural Symbols3.3Main Categories of Cultural Symbols4. Strategy in Dealing with Cultural Symbols Translation4.1 Comparison between Domestication and Foreignization4.2 Nida Eugene. A and Dynamic Equivalence Translation4.3 Translation Studies School and Foreignization4.4 Two Strategies in Text Analysis5. Conclusion1. Introduction2. The Rhetorical Motivation in Trade Name2.1 Rational Needs and Rational Needs2.1.1 Rational Needs2.1.2 Emotional Needs2.2 Cultural Factors2.2.1 Ethnic Culture2.2.2 Regional Culture2.2.3 Religious Culture2.2.4 Culture of Place and Person3. The Rhetorical Approaches to Trade Name 3.1 Homophone3.1.1 Homophone in Chinese3.1.2 Homophone between Chinese and English 3.1.3 Homophone in English3.2 Onomatopoeia3.2.1 Emotional onomatopoeia3.2.2 Rational onomatopoeia3.3 Rhyme3.3.1 Alliteration3.3.2 The Ending of Lines of Verse3.3.3 Assonance3.4 Reduplicated Sound4. The Translation of Trade Names4.1 Transliteration4.2 Variant Translation4.3 Phonological and Semantic Combination5. Conclusion附：该论⽂⽬录CONTENTS1. Introduction1.1 Rational and Objective of the Study1.2 Organization of the Paper2.Theoretical Foundation of Verbal Irony Study: A Pragmatic Approach2.1 Description of Verbal Irony2.2 Gricean Perspectives—Irony as Conversational Implicature2.3 Post-Gricean perspective—Irony as Echoic Mentioning3. Verbal Irony and the Responses in Public Debate3.1 Assumptions and Expectations3.2 Introduction to American Public Presidential Debate (APPD) and the Debate Extract Analyzed3.3 Analysis Based on EMT4. Conclusion4.1 Findings in EMT Application—Uncertainty4.1.1 Uncertainty in Identifying Verbal Irony4.1.2 Uncertainty in Justifying the Working Mechanism4.2 Tentative Suggestion—Pragmatics with Lights from the Rhetorical Perspective 4.3 Last Remarks附：该论⽂⽬录CONTENTS1. Introduction1.1Rationale1.2 Literature Review1.3 The Organization of the Thesis2. Theoretical F oundations of D omestication and F oreignization2.1 Domestication and Foreignization2.1.1 Definitions of Domestication and Foreignization2.1.2 Functions of Domestication and Foreignization2.1.2.1 Function of Domestication2.1.2.2 Function of Foreignization2.2 Political News2.2.1 Definition of Political News2.2.2 The Stylistic Features of Political News and Translated PoliticalNews3. Domestication and F oreignization in the T ranslation of P olitical N ews3.1 The Uniqueness of Domestication and Foreignizationin the Translation of Political News3.2 Three Factors Influencing the Choice of Domestication and Foreignization3.2.1 The Translator’s Subjective Factors3.2.2 The Reader3.2.3 The Political Ideology3.3 The Balance of Domestication and Foreignization4. Conclusion⼆、内容的注意事项1. 不要写成⽂献综述（?Sample 1）, 也不要说⼈所共知的话(? sample 5)2. 以上结构要素要有具体内容，不要空洞练习2：下⽂是从语⽤顺应理论出发对商务信函写作（sample 5）和商标翻译(Sample 6) 进⾏的研究, 请你（1）删掉⽆关的内容，（2）核对结构要素，（3）并判断哪个内容具体。

论文的英文摘要范文
1.Background(背景)∶介绍论文研究的背景，描述前者研究存在哪些问题，为自己进行这个研究是为了尝试解决前者存在的这些问题做好铺垫。

2.Method(方法)︰介绍研究中所使用了哪些研究方法，需要注意的是∶因为摘要字数有限，所以Method只是需要简单介绍一下即可，不要花太多篇幅介绍。

3.Results(结果)∶这部分直接写实验得到了什么结果，如果没有实验的就只需要阐述文章研究目的和结果。

4.Conclusion(结论)∶论文相对前者的研究有什么创新或独到见解都要阐述在这里。

Abstract其实就是对整篇英文论文浓缩之后的精华部分。

其目的就要让读者就算没有阅读全文，也能从Abstract中知道这篇论文的核心内容。

所以，摘要的写作一定要在论文的开始就把整篇论文的研究目的或要解决的问题呈现给读者。

说完了Abstract的主要写作内容之后，那么我们来看看好的摘要到底该怎么写:
这里EasyEssay告诉大家一个写摘要的'万能模板——PARI。

对于留学新生们来说特别适用，当大家在国外写英文论文多了之后就会有自己的写作方法，但是在不会写之前，可以先参考一下下面这个写作方法︰
PARI摘要写作方法∶
P=Problem:提出文章需要解决哪些问题
A=Approach:解决提出的问题是用的什么方法
R=Results:解决了提出的问题之后得到了什么结果l=lmpacts:这些结果有什么具体或者实际的影响。

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英文摘要的内容XX理想的文摘通常应包括以下主要内容:目的和范围、方法和过程、结果和结论.1。

目的和范围XX多数文摘一开始便简明扼要地说明该研究或实验的目的和范围，或者陈述写这篇文章的原因，有的文摘同时又指出或暗示该项研究的特点、结果和意义。

目的和范围要写得具体，要能吸引读者,要给读者留下深刻的印象。

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