《专用英语翻译理论》PPT课件

PPT课件
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Brief History of Translation in China
中国历史上出现过三次翻译高潮：
第一次:东汉至唐宋的佛经翻译；（佛教三大翻 译家：鸠摩罗什-《金刚经》、《法华经》、真 谛《摄大乘论》、玄奘-梵文译成汉文,汉文译成 梵文_老子）
第二次:明末清初的科技翻译（徐光启、林纾、 严复《天演论》、徐光启和意大利人利玛窦《几 何原本》《测量法义》）;
2. according to manners
1) interpretation (口译)
It means oral translation. It includes two types: consecutive interpretation (连续传译;交传) & simultaneous interpretation (同声传译)
simile明喻knife修辞引申修辞引申像蜜蜂一样忙碌像狮子一样勇猛像乌鸦一般黑像刀一样锋利deadpigointmentyoucantmakebrickswithoutstraw修辞引申修辞引申像狐狸一样狡猾快乐得像只百灵鸟一只老鼠坏了一锅汤巧妇难为无米之炊oxymoron矛盾修辞法它是用两个意思正好相反的词或词组来构成一个修辞格其作用是揭示一件事物的矛盾性同时也是造成一种出人意外的引人入胜的效翻译时它有时需要直译有时则需要注意词意的选择和引申还要照顾汉语习惯
thought for a long time, I realized that
no scenery in the world remains
unchanged. As long as you keep your
heart basing in the sun, every dawn will

详细描述
文学翻译不仅仅是语言的转换，更是文化的传播和艺术的再创造。优秀的文学翻译应该能够让读者感受到原作的艺术魅力和文化底蕴，同时也要符合目标语言的表达习惯和审美标准。
商务翻译
商务翻译是指商业活动中的翻译，包括合同、协议、商业信函、产品说明等方面的翻译。商务翻译要求准确、专业、严谨，注重细节和格式。
Cultural factors in translation
PART
03
Translation is not only a linguistic process, but also a cultural communication process. The translator needs to understand the cultural background of the source language and the target language, and correctly understand the cultural connotation of the text.
The translator should also pay attention to the cultural differences between different languages and try to avoid possible cultural conflicts or misunderstandings caused by these culturally loaded words.
Free translation
interprets the source text's general meaning and conveys it in the target language, adapting it to the target culture and language norms.

Los Angeles has several earthquakes each year. The tall buildings
move a little and everyone takes a deep breath. Usually tourists and newcomers are the most frightened. People who grew up in California say, ”We’re used to it!”
Earthquakes do not stop the building industry in California, but they do make architects work a little harder. The buildings they design have to look good and stand up in an earthquake. The buildings they design have to look good and stand up in an earthquake. These buildings are good examples of modern California architecture. The Bonaventure Hotel is few blocks from the old Mission Church. The Century City Complex is near the ocean .It stands on the site of the old Twentieth Century Fox movie studious. These buildings show that people are not afraid to build in California.

– Translation is the information transferring between two languages and the cultural communication between two language families.
– Translation is a rendering from one language into another. Translation is an art, a bilingual art, a craft, a skill, an operation and communication.
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Classification of Translation
a) In terms of languages • 1. Translation from native languages into
foreign languages • 2. Translation from foreign languages into
• The betterment of our command of the relevant languages
• The broadening of the range and scope of our general knowledge.
• By Zhou En-lai
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Course arrangement
perspective • prescriptive----descriptive • Literal translation ---- Liberal
translation •
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• 2. Differences between Chinese and Western Translation Studies:各自产生于各具特色的中

原译：从那里，我可以看见下面的整个山谷，那田野、河 流和村庄。这一切非常美丽，见到后使我心Fra bibliotek充满了渴望 。
改译：从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、 河流和村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往。
不能逐字死译 All that glitters is not gold. 原译：所有光辉灿烂的都不是金子。 改译：所有光辉灿烂的并非都是金子。 He sleeps late. 原译：他睡得晚。 改译：他起得晚。 I shall not expect you until I see you. 原译：我不期待你直到我见到你。 改译：你随便什么时候来吧。
Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
刘重德：信、达、切
faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness
傅雷：传神论/神似说
Transference of soul or spirit
“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的 不在形似而在神似。”
译文同原文在内容上一致，这叫“意似”，是 翻译的最低标准。译文同原文如果能在形式 上和精神上同时一致起来，或称“形似”和 “神似”，这是翻译的高标准。
贸易、文化、和平、人道等都离不开翻译，翻译在 历史上从未如此不可或缺……请大家试想一下，世 上一日无翻译会怎样……都将鸦雀无声。翻译工作 者就象电线中的电流，水管中的水流。

翻译行业的发展趋势与人才培养
翻译行业的发展趋势
随着全球化进程的不断加速和信息技术的发展，翻译行业正面临着数字化、自动化的趋势。同时，随 着各种新领域、新技术的出现，如人工智能、生物科技等，专业化的翻译需求也在不断增加。
翻译人才的培养
为了适应翻译行业的发展趋势，需要加强翻译人才的培养。高校和培训机构应注重培养学生的语言技 能和跨文化交流能力，同时还需要加强对学生信息技术和专业知识的教学。此外，为了提高翻译行业 的整体水平，还需要建立完善的翻译标准和评价体系。
新闻翻译的特点
新闻翻译要求准确、及时、流畅，同时要保留原文的新闻价值。
新闻翻译的难点
新闻报道中涉及大量专有名词、术语，需要进行准确翻译。同时， 新闻语言具有独特的表达方式，需要准确把握原文含义。
案例分析
某英文新闻报道关于国际政治事件的翻译，需要准确传达原文含义， 同时要符合中文的表达习惯。
广告翻译
考虑文化背景
结合目标语言的文化背景，理解 原文中隐含的意义，避免因文化 差异造成误解。
表达阶段
01
选择恰当词汇
根据语境选择最合适的词汇，确 保译文流畅自然，符合目标语言 的表达习惯。
02
重构句子结构
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保持原文风格
在保持原文意思的基础上，对句 子结构进行重构，使其更符合目 标语言的语法规则和表达习惯。
翻译的目的是使读者能够理解和欣赏原作的思想 内容、风格特点和艺术价值。
翻译的分类
根据翻译的性质，可以分为直译和意译。直译注重保持原 文的语言形式和表达方式，而意译则更注重传达原文的思 想内容和意义。
根据翻译的领域，可以分为文学翻译、科技翻译、商务翻 译等。不同领域的翻译要求不同的专业知识和表达方式。

THANK YOU
感谢观看
Translation Theory (English) Courseware
Overview of Translation TheoryFunctional Translation TheoryCultural Translation TheoryCorpus Translation TheoryMachine Translation TheorySummary and Outlook
详细描述
翻译理论的主要流派包括形式对应、动态对应、功能对应等。
总结词
形式对应理论强调翻译过程中原文和译文在形式上的对应，要求译文尽可能忠实于原文的形式和内容。动态对应理论则强调译文读者对译文的反应要与原文读者对原文的反应一致，注重语篇层面的意义传递。功能对应理论则认为翻译的首要任务是实现原文的功能，如信息传递、情感表达等，强调译文的交际功能。这些流派各有侧重，共同构成了翻译理论的丰富多样性。
详细描述
Functional Translation Theory
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总结词
功能翻译理论是一种强调翻译功能和目的的理论，它认为翻译不仅是语言之间的转换，更是文化交流和信息传递的过程。
详细描述
功能翻译理论强调翻译的功能性和目的性，认为翻译的目的是为了实现源语文本在目标文化中的特定功能。它强调翻译过程中对目标读者需求的关注，以及对目标语言和文化背景的考虑。
Machine Translation Theory
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机器翻译理论是指利用计算机技术实现自然语言之间的自动翻译的理论。
定义
特点
适用范围
高效、快速、自动化、多语言支持。
广泛应用于国际交流、跨语言信息检索、全球化企业等领域。

Reorganizing the presence structure is essential when dealing with complex graphical structures or long senses It involves rearranging the presence components to ensure a smooth and coherent flow in the target language
Proofread and edit
Proofreading and editing are essential to ensure that the translation of professional fraud is accurate and free of errors
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Adopt standardization
Proficient use of ethical techniques requires a solid understanding of both source and target languages, as well as a good grasp of cultural and contextual factors that can influence translation
Translation Techniques for Discourses
CATALOGUE
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Preserving the original style
It is important to understand and maintain the unique style of the source text, including its language register, vocal choice, presence structure, etc

• 类似的现象可能在盐湖中发生。 • 类似的现象可能发生在盐湖中。 • The similar phenomena may occur in the salt lake. • 距离的测定 • 测定距离 • The measurement of distance
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状语/• The ancient Greeks studied the human temperament. • 脉冲激光系统已在人造卫星上进行了试验 • A pulse laser system has been tested on a satellite • 现代原子理论已对半导体的性能做出了解释。 • The behavior of semiconductors is explained by modern
causes. • Nor will it affect China’s policy of opening its banking and insurance
s e c t o r.
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句子结构
• 汉语是注重主题的语言，其句子结构是语义的，主 语的句法功能弱；英语是注重主语的语言，英语句 子结构式语法的，主语句法功能强。
英语造句不是话题说明，而是主动宾， The super large scale integrated circuit 总是被动者，此处用被动语态造句。 • 器件损坏现象发生了。 • 发生了器件损坏的现象。 • The damage to parts of apparatus have occurred. • There have occurred the damage to parts of apparatus.
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句型转换：大小主语转换

semantic/communicative
(Newmark, 1988:45)
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The 8 translation methods
• Word-for-word translation • This is often demonstrated as interlinear translation, with
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• the British philosopher J. Austin’s
distinction between constative and performative sentences
• Translation is a craft consisting in the
attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language. (Newmark, 1981:7)
• Semantic translation • Semantic translation differs from ‘faithful translation’ only in as far
as it must take more account of the aesthetic value (that is, the beautiful and natural sound) of the SL text, compromising on ‘meaning’ where appropriate so that no assonance, word-play or repetition jars in the finished version. Further, it may translate less important cultural words by culturally neutral third or functional terms but not by cultural equivalent and it may make other small concessions to the readership. The distinction between ‘faithful’ and ‘semantic’ translation is that the first is uncompromising and dogmatic, while the second is more flexible, admits the creative exception to 100% fidelity and allows for the translator’s intuitive empathy with the original.

English-Chinese Translation
Chapter I General Introduction 1. Introduction
1.1



Importance and aims of the translation course
1.1.1 Importance of the translation course
3.1
What do criteria mean? A criterion is an established standard, rule or principle on which a judgment is based. As a plumb-line for measuring professional level of translation. As a good set for translators to strive for
（柯平：英汉汉英翻译教程，北京大学出版社：2002： 13）



2．—Isn’t this tape-recorder yours? —Yes, it is. 不，是我的。 —No, it isn’t. 对，不是我的。（同上）

3. However, such measures touch only the tip, but not address the basis of the problem. 然而，这样的措施只不过是碰了碰 问题的尖端（改译：只不过是蜻蜓点水）， 并没有触及问题的根源。（同上）
1) To be beneficial to the study of languages 2) To share the cultural heritage of the world 3) To get a better understanding of different peoples 4) To lay a foundation for the further study and the future work 5) To meet the social needs 6) To realize goals of four-year education for English Majors . Compulsory course . On the course list of the syllabus

侈 。——CocoCha nel 62、少而好学，如日出之阳；壮而好学 ，如日 中之光 ；志而 好学， 如炳烛 之光。 ——刘 向 63、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。 ——孔 丘 64、人生就是学校。在那里，与其说好 的教师 是幸福 ，不如 说好的 教师是 不幸。 ——海 贝尔 65、接受挑战，就可以享受胜利的喜悦 。——杰纳勒 尔·乔治·S·巴顿
翻译理论概述
1、合法而稳定的权力在使用得当时很 少遇到 抵抗。 ——塞 ·约翰 逊 2、权力会使人渐渐失去温厚善良的美 德。— —伯克
3、最大限度地行使权力总是令人反感 ；权力 不易确 定之处 始终存 在着危 险。— —塞·约翰逊 4、权力会奴化一切。——塔西佗
5、虽然权力是一头固执的熊，可是金 子可以 拉着它 的鼻子 走。— —莎士 比

Specialized English Translation Theory
目录
CONTENTS
Overview of Specialized English Translation The Core Theory of Specialized English Translation Skills and Practice of Specialized English Translation Evaluation and quality monitoring of specialized English translation The Future Development and Challenges of Specialized English Translation
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Alienation and Naturalization Theory
Teleology emphasizes that translation is a purposive activity, and the translator should have a clear purpose for translation and control the translation process according to this purpose
Modern trends
单击此处添加内容，文字是您思想的提炼单击此处添加内容，文字是您思想的提炼单击此处添加内容，文字是您思想的提炼单击此处添加内容
The origin of specialized English translation
The development of specialized English translation accelerated in the 20th century with the increasing international trade, investment, and cultural exchange

High quality translation is crucial to ensuring the accuracy and clarity of information, preventing misunderstandings, and following effective communication
Consultants translation as a communicative process,
emphasizing the equity of communicative effects between
source and target texts
Cultural School Translation Theory
The translator needs to have a good command of business English and legal English, as well as a deep understanding of international business practices and laws and regulations
Translation is the process of converting the source text from one language into another language It requires a deep understanding of both languages, culture, and context
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Translation Overview
The Definition and Importance of Translation
Translation is essential for bridging cultural gaps, promoting global communication, and facilitating international business and trade