常见九种英语时态

九大时态一、一般现在时1．表客观真理、科学事实、格言或不受时间限制的客观存在2．表现在的习惯动作（通常用动作动词，与频度副词连用）3．表示现时刻存在的状态，有一定的持续性（用状态动词）e.g. I agree with you. (心理状态的状态动词)4．表示瞬间动作（通常用于新闻报导、现场直播）e.g. Li passes the ball to Wu. Wu heads it to Chen. Chen shoots, and the goalkeeper leaps for it. Oh, it’s a goal.5. 表示过去时间：tell, say, learnA．She tells me that you’re entering college next year. (表过去，前后时态一致) The seven o’clock news says that…I learn by experience that…B. Last Sunday I’m in the sitting room with my friend when this chap next door staggers past and throws a brick through my window. (把过去的时间发生的事生动、突出、栩栩如生地放在读者面前，使读者感觉到这件事正在发生，更真实——历史现在时)6．表示将来时间A. 根据时间表或规定预计要发生的事What time does the train leave?Tomorrow is Saturday.I retire next year.B. I hope that… (现实/将来)Make sure / certain that (you don’t’ get lost).See to it that…C. …if/when/while/as soon as…I’ll tell her when she comes back. (在条件或时间状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句可用现在时态表示将来的时态)二、一般过去时1. 过去所发生的动作、状态，与现在没有联系c.f. He was a teacher all his life. (人已经死了)He has been a teacher all his life. (人还活着)2. 表示过去习惯的动作: e.g. used to do sth., would do sth.The boy sold newspaper for a living.3．在特定句型中，表现在时间和将来时间A. 日常用语、客气的语气Did you want to see me?I wondered if…B. It’s (high) time that… (很客气的一种建议)I wish I were young as you.I’d rather you went now.If only……as if...c.f. (虚拟) He looks as if he were ill. (假病)(陈述) He looks as if he is ill. (真的病了)I feel as if my head were on fire.Suppose we spent next Sunday in the country.三、一般将来时（一）表示一般将来时的动词形式及用法1．用情态助动词shall/will + 动词原形表示A.表示“预见”——时间B.表示“意图（愿）”，没有将来的意思，有个人感情成分No, I won’t lend it to you.Exception: I’ll give him some advice if he’ll listen to me. (表意愿)为了表纯粹的将来时间，用“will be doing”I will be writing to you soon.2．用“be going to do sth.”表示A. 表示“预见”——有迹象表明，将来某个时刻，将发生某事Be careful! The pile of boxes is going to fall.B. 表示“意图”——经过考虑的，打算在近期做的I’m going to Beijing.How long are you going to stay here?3．用“be doing”表示——按即或安排将发生的动作The plane is taking off at twelve.特点：a. 用时间状语以区别于现在进行时b. 意思靠上下文来理解：Hurry up! The train is starting.4．用“be to do sth.”A. 表示按计划安排We are to learn Chapter Six next week.B. 报纸或电视台宣布官方正规的消息Premier Li is to visit Japan next week.The highway is to open to traffic next Sunday.C.表命令、禁止，没有将来的意思You are to stay here!No one is to leave the classroom without my permission.5．用一般现在时的动词形式表示将来时间（二）各种表示一般将来时的动词形式的用法比较1．Will/shall + 动词原形和be going to结构的比较A. 都表示意图，可互换B．预先经过考虑的，用“be going to”She has bought some cloth. She is going to make herself a dress.C．事先没有考虑的，用“will”表意愿I will go. I will help you.2．be + V.-ing和be going to结构的比较A．表将来，现在已觉得做时，两者可互换B．be + V.-ing: 肯定，不容改变的安排，比较正式be going to：有迹象表面将发生某事3．will/shall+动词原形和将来时表示将来时间的比较If you will (will表意愿，不能略写) kindly wait for a moment, I’ll ask the manager to speak to you.四、现在进行时(一) 用法1．表示说话时正在进行的动作2．表示现阶段正在进行的动作（讲话时不一定在做）（暂时性）3．表计划安排中近期将发生的动作（有时间状语）4．表示刚过去的动作：talk, tell, say5．表示婉转的语气：I’m hoping/wanting/wondering if… (在口语中)6．与always等频度副词连用，表示感情色彩的现阶段发生的动作He’s always finding our faults. (表厌烦)He’s always borrowing money from me and forgetting to pay it back.（二）一般现在时与现在进行时的用法比较1．相对而言，一般现在时表示经常性动作，现在进行时表示暂时性动作I live in Guangzhou. (长期)She’s living in Guangzhou. (读书期间，暂时)2．在报道中，一般现在时表示短暂动作，现在进行时表示持续动作He shoots, and it’s a goal. The crowd is cheering and the other players are running to him to…The bus stops. (一下子停下)The bus is stopping. (慢慢停下)3．一般现在时用来叙述事实，现在进行时含有某种感情色彩（不加频率副词时有赞扬的语气）You are doing fine in school.五、过去进行时1．表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作2．表示过去某段时间的暂时性动作At that time I was teaching in Shaoguang.3．表示按计划安排过去某时将发生的动作（有时间状语）He was leaving a few days later. (表示过去将来时)4．表示婉转口气：want, hope, wonderI was wondering if…5．在某些结构中做想象的用法，表示对现在或将来的设想（虚拟语气）I wish he weren’t speaking so loudly. (与现在事实相反)If they were leaving tonight, I’d like to go with them. (与将来事实相反)6．与频度状语连用，表示感情色彩He was always changing his mind.7．作为铺叙故事情节的背景A man was ferrying across the river when his sword fell into the river.六、现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词（一）不能用的情况：有瞬间动词，有具体的过去时间状语（二）用法1．过去某时发生的动作，其结果和影响现在依然存在I’ve traveled by plane. (有此经历，不确切的过去时间)Do you understand what I have said? (动作的先后)与时间状语连用的情况：A．可以与不确切的过去时间状语连用：already, yet, before, recently, lately..B．可以与频度状语连用：sometimes, ever, never, once, often…C．可以与包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用：this month/morning…,但暗示着另外一个问题The rain has stopped now (=at last).2．（现在）未完成用法：过去发生的动作持续到现在，也许还会持续下去A．与since引导的时间状语连用：since + 名词词组/从句I’ve been here since last July.She has taught us since I came to this school.B．由for引导的时间状语，表一段时间C．可以和其他表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的时间状语连用：until now, in the past few years, all morning…七、现在完成进行时：have/has + been + V.-ing(一)用法1．表示某一动作从过去某个时刻开始，一直延续到讲话这个时候还在进行2．表示某一动作从过去某个时刻开始，一直延续到讲话这个时候刚刚结束——Sorry I’ve kept you waiting.——That’s all right. I’ve been reading newspapers.(二)现在完成时与现在完成进行时的用法比较1．意义一致，可互用（有时间状语时）2．句子里没有时间状语时：How long have you learned English? (已完成)How long have you been learning English? (未完成)八、过去完成时：had + 过去分词1．表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生（过去的过去）He flew home, but his father had died.2．表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间还没结束(用段时间的时间状语)By six o’clock, they had worked for 24 hours.She said she had made great progress since she came here.3．想象性用法（虚拟语气）I wish I had gone with you yesterday.4．表示过去未曾实现的希望、愿望、打算：hope, want, think, expect, intend, suppose…We had hoped you would (be able to) go with us.We had wanted to help but couldn’t get there in time.九、过去完成进行时: had been + V.-ing1．表示一个动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到另一过去时刻，在那时刻，该动作可能刚结束，也可能还在继续I was tired yesterday when you saw me because I had been playing for 3 hours /since twoo’clock.When I got to the meeting, the speaker had been speaking for an hour.2．通常用于间接引语中。

中考复习专项------谓语动词的九大时态动词主要表示动作、状态和性质，而动作和状态的发生有具体的时间和表现方式，这就是英语中动词的时态。

英语中动词的时态由动词的五种不同形式来表示。

英语动词的五种基本形式为：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词（也就是动词的ing形式）、过去式和过去分词。

练习：写出下列动词其他四种形式。

例：work→works(第三人称单数), working(现在分词) ,worked(过去式), worked(过去分词)1.play ________ _______ _________ __________2.study _______ ________ _________ __________3.swim ________ _________ ________ _________4.prefer ________ _______ ________ ___________5.teach _______ _______ ________ ____________6.write ______ ________ _______ ___________7.take ________ ________ ________ _________8.buy ________ ________ ________ _________9.do ________ _______ ________ ___________10.put ______ ______ ________ _____________初中英语常见九种时态谓语部分的构成：1.一般现在时：谓语动词用动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式；2一般过去时：动词的过去式；3.一般将来时：be going to+动词原形或will+动词原形；4.过去将来时：would+动词原形；5.现在进行时：be动词am/is/are+动词的ing形式；6.过去进行时：be动词was/were+动词的ing形式；7.现在完成时：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词；8.现在完成进行时：have/has been+动词的ing形式；9.过去完成时：助动词had+动词的过去分词。

（一）一般现在时: 主+谓（is/am/are/do/does）+宾1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作: We always care for each other and help each other.2. 表示现在的特征或状态He is very happy.3. 表示普遍真理Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。

（二）一般过去时: 主+谓（was/were/did)+宾1. 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。

例如：We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.2. 表示过去习惯性动作。

例如：I used to do my homework in the library.（三）一般将来时:①主+谓（is/am/are going to do)+宾；②主+wiil +do+ sth ；③主+be (is/am/are) about to do sth1. 表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。

例如I will/shall graduate next year.2. 一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。

如：Crops will die without water.You won’t succeed without their support.3. 几种替代形式：(1) be going to＋动词原形结构的用法这种结构表示主体现在的意图，即打算在最近或将来要做某事。

例如：What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么？此外, 这种结构也可表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事。

这时主语既可指人也可指物，此结构往往表示客观事态的发展，而不是表示主观的意图。

英语9大时态+3大从句+20个核心句型，必须吃透！九种基本时态一、一般现在时概念：表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。

常和always，often，usually，sometimes，every day等表时间的状语连用。

如：1）I go to school every day.我每天都去学校。

（表经常）2）He is always like that.他总是那样。

（表状态）构成：1）主语+be（am/are/is）.+..……2）主语+实义动词+…二、一般过去时概念：1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

常和表示过去的时间状语连用。

如：yesterday，last week，in 1998，two days ago等。

如：I went to a movie yesterday.我昨天去看了一场电影。

2）也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

如：He always went to work by bike last week.构成：1）主语+be（was/were）+.……2）主语+实义动词过去式+…三、现在进行时概念：表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。

如：He is singing.They are watching TV now.构成：主语+助动词be（am/are/is）+动词-ing形式构成.四、过去进行时概念：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。

这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外，一般用时间状语来表示。

如：1）--What were you doing？-I was jumping.2）--What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived？--He was sleeping.构成：主语+助动词be（was/were）+动词-ing形式构成。

五、一般将来时概念：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。